University of South Carolina Libraries
BT E. B. MTJBRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 12, 1885. VOLUME XXL?N?. 18. ? AT E. B. BENSON'S STORE. CLOTHING STRUCK BOTTOM! Those who Fail to see my Stock are the Losers! SUITS considered cheap two weeks ago at $17.50 must go now at $14.00. Those at $12.50 can now be had for $10.00. Although everything was marked low at first, I have made a general cut?in fact, have slaughtered prices: $10.00 Overcoats at $7.50. $8.50 Overcoats at $6.00. $5.00 Overcoats at $3.50. $3.00 Pants at $2.25. A good line of $3.00 Shoes. Curtis & Co.'s Celebrated $6.00 hand-made Shoes for gentlemen. A good Calf Congress Gaiter, home-made, at $2.50. A full assortment of ' horne-r-ide Shoes for Men, women' and Children. Miles' Fine Shoes for Gentle? men. Ladies, Misses and Infants now in stock. . I. RUBBER GOODS, CIRCULARS and NEWPGRTS for Ladies and Misses. GOSSAMER and heavy RUBBER COATS for Men and Boys. Nice line of OVER SHOES? all sises. RUBBER DOLLS and such tricks. LAP ROBES and HORSE ? BLANKETS. Another lot of STETSON'S HATS just received, and more coming. AH people who eat will be interested in my prices for GROCERIES. Will save you money on many things cot here mentioned. Read my.LocaLs each week and keep posted. Big drive in CHEESE. Trv me on HARDWARE. ' I wiR knock the black out on CANNED GOODS and CRACKERS. Will do you good on TEAS and COFFEES. See my Golden Rio?might be sold for Java. Old-fashioned 8eed-Tick Coffee. I mean business. Must sell my Goods, profit or uo profit. Can't afford to be idle, for 'tis said that "idleness is the Devil's workshop," aha I would rather keep busy, if it is^but swapping dollars, than to enter a copartnership with "Old Nick." o That can when I wear the JOHNSTON SPECTACLES, sold by _. _ E. B. BENSON, Anderson, S. C. F?LL AND WINTER ANNOUNCEMENT. ???7?0?? J. P. SULLIVAN * CO. ? ? " : - . ENCOURAGED by our success in the past, we come to the front again with the beat offers we have everbefore been able to make. THE LARGEST STOCK, And Prices as Low as is consistent for honest Goods. JEANS?We can sell you Jeans from 10c a yard to 40c a yard. Come and see our VIRGINIA CASSIMERES. WOOLEN GOODS are cheap. All-wool Red Flannel for only 10c a yard. s Ladies' Dress Goods, Shawls and Cloaks. Jersey Jackets are very fashionable, and cost a great deal less than ever before. We can sell a nice fitting Jersey for 65c We have tbenr in Black?, Navy Blues and Cardinals. ,fV ? . | ? ' fi'l Ladies' and Misses1 Underwear, Youths' and Hens' Clothing. I .We have bought a large Stock of READY-MADE CLOTHING from first hands, and can offer bargains in full Suits, or in extra Coats and Pants. An Immense Stock of Boots and Shoes. Mens' all-solid leather Boots for $1,50 a pair. Womens' all-solid leather Shoes for 75c a pair. GROCERIES, 1 We have had our Cellar .enlarged, and are prepared to exhibit a larger and more complete Stock of Groceries than heretofore. We have a large COFFEE TRADE, and intend to hold it by keeping the BEST GRADES. We will sell you the best Rio Coffee 8 lbs. for one dollar. SUGARS have within the last few months advanced, but we will sell a pure Brown Sugar. 14-lbs. fox^LOO. % I *jj m i Very respectfully, J. P. SULLIVAN & CO. Sep^.1885.., 9 JOHN W. DANIELS, ! y3M& ? 0 Ii N Eeal Estate Agent, -).:; ' .r.u: >.* )!: ! .. .?. *?;}?: .? j 4%} rS: .:l **i>3i&ci > .(...-.- .? . -Ji !?.?;:.???:??.-.; . ? .? j^nderson, S. G. HAS MANY TRACTS of LAND ? AND MANY LOTS FOR SALE, AND A FEW TO RENT. ?o THOSE INDEBTED TO I CLARK & CO., JOBS W. DANIELS, Prop'r., To JOHN W. DANIELS for Record? ing Deeds, Mortgages, Liens, &c, while Clerk of the Court?by Note or Ac? count?may save money by coming to see me. Office on Main Street. JOHN W. DANIELS, Oct 29,1885 16 J. B. CLARK, MERCHANT TAILOR, WOULD respectfully inform his friends and customers that he is now loca? ted on Main Street, second door below the Post Office, where he would be happy to serve them witn Custom-Made Clothes in the latest and most approved styles. Sept 3,2885 8 8m AT COST, AT COST B. R CRAYTON & SONS, One Door East Masonic Hall. We are now offering our entire Stock of CLOAKS, WALKING JACKETS, SHAWLS AND CLOTHING, AT COST! AN OVERCOAT for $2.00. Just think of it! This ig no catch. We mean what we say. Will sell any article in the above line at Cost, and they didn't cost high, either. We have the handsomest assortment of CARPETS and RUGS ever displayed in this market, at prices that defy competi? tion. Call aud examine our Stock. It is complete in every department, and at prices that are sure to please you. Oct 29,1885 16 BAKERY. The undersigned desires to call the at? tention of the citizens of Anderson to the fact that he is now selling 25 Bread Tickets for $1.00 Try my BREAD and CAKES, and I will guarantee satisfaction in every in? stance. wedding cakes a specialty. A nice line of Confectioneries, Ac, always on hand. Also, n i<? parched Pea? nuts. Farmers, when you visit the city call and get a Lunch or Sandwich?cheap. Respectfully, m. j. Collins. August 13, 1885 5 WILHITE'S LIVER AND HEADACHE PILLS. An Effective and Reliable Remedy for all Liver Complaints ! All people in all countries are subject more or less to Liver Complaints. Over? eating, rich food, lack of exercise, over? work, and in fact; any violation of the lawB of health causes the Liver to be? come torpid, and when it does, then follows an almost innumerable list of diseases torturing in their nature and dangerous in the end if not promptly attended to. The most common are: Costiveness, Billiousness, Diz? ziness, Weakness, Indiges? tion, Dyspepsia, Nervous? ness, Fains in the Side, Back and Limbs, Fonl Stomach, Loss ol Appetite, Impure Blood, Giddiness, Heart? burn, and, worst of all, Nervous and Sick Headache. All the complaints named above arise from a Torpid Liver, and to be cured of them the Liver must be aroused and caused to do its, work-, otherwise the bile ! and poisons it should take from,the food of the body and supply to the bowels as their natural purgative, will poison the blood and aggregate the disease. Stimulate the Liver to healthy, vigor? ous action, and it will secrete all the impurities of the blood. The blood, thus deprived of all waste matter and poisons, pure, rich and life-giving, will course through the veins, driving disease from the system and restoring health and strength. While WILHITE'S LIVER AND HEADACHE PILLS act direct? ly upon the Liver and Bowels, aud make pure, rich blood, they do not in their action debilitate the)system and leave one in a worse condition than before taking them, but they contain a powerful tonic for the Stomach, and if taken one at a time occasionally, after having taken a full dose (from two to three), they will build up the system. They are indeed a splendid Stomach Pill; and, for this rea? son; have proven to lie an Indispensable Remedy for the painful aud distressing maladies, HEADACHE and SICK HEADACHE, which occur so frequently and extensively. These dreadful evils in their various forms are the direct result of a disordered Stomach, caused by in? digestion or an inactive Liver, and can be relieved and permanently cured by the use of WILHITE'S LIVER AND HEADACHE PILLS. A large proportion of the American Seople are subject constantly to these readful diseases and drag out a miser? able existence, trying in vain to get re? lief from outward applications and Beda tives, while the source of the trouble is overlooked. WILHITE'S LIVER AND HEADACHE PILLS strike at the root of these diseases, in acting upon the Liver, thereby removing the cause and restoring health. Thay are purely vegetable, contain no deleterious Drugs, and are a reliable remedy in all cases of Liver diseases and their various compli? cations. PEICE 25 CENTS PEE BOX. PREPARED ONLY BY WILHITE & WILHITE, DRUGGISTS, ANDERSON, - - S. C. Octl5,1885 14 WE HAVE A LARGE STOCK ? OF? BLUE STONE ? AND ? WHICH WILL BE Sold Very Cheap ! s&r You will lose money if you don't see Wilhite & Wil hite before buying. Yours, WILHITE A.INTD WILHITE. oct 15, im A STORY OF THE WAR. Secretary Lamar's Account of his Mission In Europe. From the New York Times. Washington, D. C, November L? An anonymous paragraph going the rounds of the press is attracting consid? erable attention. It says that the Hou. L. Q. C. Lamar, now Secretary of the Interior, returned from Europe in 1364 bearing assurances from Lord Palmer ston and the Emperor Napoleon that if the Confederate Government would abolish slavery its recognition by Eng? land and France would be possible. It also asserts that Mr. Lamar diligently sought to impress upon the members of the Cabinet of the Confederate States the importance of such a step. It was intimated that he had probably urged Mr. Davis to take steps in the matter by asking the Confederate Congress to pass an Act for the gradual abolition of slavery. This paragraph has been read by many persona with much interest, and it being believed that Mr. Lamar could tell some? thing of interest about it and give a cor? rect account of the facts which led to the publication of the statements con? cerning him, bis attention was directed to it to-day. He read it over carefully, and then said: "Well, there is some? thing in the story, but as told it is very erroneous. It brings upaome interesting reminiscences of my stay in Europe as the foreign agent of the Confederate Government. While I was abroad I saw the Emperor repeatedly, but I had no conversation with him. Napoleou made no suggestion as to what the course of the Confederacy should be. He was with the South in sympathy, however. So was Pereigny, and so was De Mormy, the prime minister. The Count de Morny was the man who is really re? sponsible, originally, for the appearance of this story about the abolition of sla? very by the Southern Confederacy. "De Morny," said Mr. Lamar, "was a bright man, and he understood France, the sentiments of nobles and common people, and the disposition toward the Confederacy of all political classes in the empire. He told me that the no? blesse?Emperor, Princes, the Guizot fac? tion, Imperialists, and Bourbons alike? were for us. If the desire of those classes?the wealthy, aristocratic and powerful?was alone to be consulted they would declare for the Confederacy at once. But the peasants, Vesclavage? they were against the Confederacy. To them the idea that a cause was to be espoused that was not favorable to liberty was intolerable, and not to be harbored for a moment. If the Confederacy, seeking independence not alone on the ground that its cause was one of resist? ance to oppression, could also appeal to common France for its support in an effort to enlarge human liberty, then the Emperor, who bad great regard for Ves? clavage as well as the nobles, could ex? tend assistance with the assurance that he would be uphold. Persigny was of the same opinioo, and so were others about the Emperor with whom I con? versed. De Morny wa9 confident that the populace of the French Empire were more intensely opposed to us than the people of England, and that their repug? nance was to be attributed to the fact that we were contending for the mainte? nance of slavery. "While I was in England," said Mr, Lamar, "I did not meet Lord Palmerston to talk with him on the subject of recog? nition of the Confederacy. Dickens, Thackeray, Carlisle, were all with us. Of that I am fully certain. Disraeli might have been - with us, if it had not been for an unlucky mistake made by Mr. Mason, who was then with me. We were both invited to dinner at the same house, the house of Col. Greville, where many Southern men gathered, and were to meet a number of prominent men of the time, among them Mr. Dis? raeli, as he was called then. Mr. Mason was a good deal of a Virginian in bis notions about social etiquette, and, it appears, did not know that it was enough for two or three gentlemen to be invited to dinner by an Englishman to remove all bars to conversation between them. An introduction was unnecessary under such circumstances. When dinner was served it so happened that as the ladies and gentlemen paired and passed into the dining-room Mr. Disraeli and Mr. Mason were thrown together for the first time. Mr. Disraeli was all grace and suavity. He bowed to Mr. Mason. "Have you heard from Vicksburg re? cently?" he asked. Mr. Mason drew back and fixed bis great black eyes won deringly on Mr. Disraeli. The American and Virginian could not understand how so great a liberty could be taken by one gentleman with another gentleman when there had been no introduction. They got along very badly, never speaking, in fact, and it was impossible after that to attempt to approach Disraeli on recogni? tion. "It does not at present seem to me that I had any further thalk about the propo? sal to abolish slavery by the Confederacy. In 1864, on my way home, the blockade runner on which I had sailed made an effort to pass the United States ships at Wilmington. The steamer was attacked and sunk, and I got off in a boat with my officers. But, as fate would have it, in attempting to go ashore, the boat was also sunk, and my diary, kept during my entire stay abroad, floated off upon the waters. I have never heard that it got ashore. The water where we were upset was only about five feet deep, and the boat's company waded to the drv land. "Did I speak to anybody in the matter about the abolition proposition ? Yes, I did. I was younger then than I am now, was more enthusiastic, and I was full of the fon d of De Morny's suggestion. I spoke to Mr. Judah P. Benjamin, to Mr. Memminger, to Mr. Clay, and to others, but never to Mr. Davis. I knew that it would be useless. Slavery was the thing for which we were contending, and I knew that to propose to Mr. Davis to se? cure foreign succor by abolishing 'the institution' would result adversely. Nothing ever came of it in the way of legislation or attempt at legislation. So the honor of having proposed that the South should abolish slavery in order that the Confederacy might live does not belong to me. Whatever of credit there is in the suggestion belongs to De Morny, whoso advice was not followed." Evolution of the Peach. The great ancestor of the peach was purely a tropical plant that could not endure the least touch of the frost. The almond, from which, by man aiding nature, the peach has been produced, is so fragile that it cau scarcely be made to grow even in the warmest portions of the United States; yet after many ages of coaxing and gradual acclimation, it was transplanted from the hot suns and warm fields of Arabia to the frost touched highlands of Persia. But instead of the rich kernel being the tempting food which the tree offered to the cultivator, as was the case with the parent almond in Arabia, it was the busk which man ate iu Persia; but not the hard green, indigestible woody rind of the almond, but the rich, luscious peach. ? "Why," said a man, referring to a person who always "knew it" and never was surprised at anything, "that man is always cool, no matter what the circum? stances may be. I believe on the morn? ing of the last day when the angel Ga? briel blows the trumpet, he will turn himself cooly around in his coffin and any : 'That's all right, Gabe, you needn't toot your horn so loud, I was awake half an hour ago anyway/ " THE DAYS OF MAUI01N. Letters of a Soldier lloy of tho Revolution. Mr. William F. Bentley, of Bluff Springs, Ark., has sent the following in? teresting letters to the Nexos and Courier. They were accidentally found in an old desk that has been in the possession of the family for many years, and was taken from Fayotteville, N. C, when the family moved to Arkansas in 1846: Post's Ferry, August 3, 1780. William Fleetwood, Esq.?Honored father: After a wearisome ride our party arrived in the vicinity of Post's Ferry yesterday noon, and joined a small force commanded by Col. Hueh Horry in camp near the great Pee-Dee River. Your letter of introduction to Col. Ma? rion had reached him before we left North Carolina, which under the circum? stances cannot but be regarded as very fortunate. I would not have known him by any of the descriptions given me be? fore leaving home, and but for his in? quiry for me, which he had made for several days before I arrived, we may not have met in the agree: Me relationship which now exists. I had formed au idea that he was a ghvit in size, but I assure you he is no taller than our neighbor Williams, and won't weigh more than one hundred and twenty pounds, but with this small body there is a soul and spirit far larger than most men of a great statue carry. He has an eye like a hawk and looks you right steady in the eye while he is conversing with you. He is very pleasant in his manners when he is entertaining one he considers worthy of his respect, but, when thrown in a passion be is in a fearful rage. I wit? nessed this afternoon a burst of his rage, when a deserter from his company was brought before bim. The poor devil trembled all over like ah aspen leaf under Marion's denunciations. 1 My duties are not yet assigned to me beyond those I must always discharge as a good soldier of the Continental army, who thinks more of serving his couutry fa? ' fully than of seeking for an easy or a safe place. The small force we found here are ill-supplied with creature com? forts. Well-filled powder-horns and good rifles are about all the outfit I have seen, but braver and truer men than these Carolinians do not walk the earth. It was very interesting to me to witness the meeting between Col. Marion and a few of the old soldiers he found here, who were his comrades in the 2d Conti? nental regiment before the fall of Char? leston disbanded them. Col. Marion, we are informed, is promoted to be a general, and that he will select from among these old comrades some to com? mand companies and squadrons, as the people from Williamsburg and the Pee Dee sections come in to join his stand? ard. Three of these have already been selected for this purpose, Mr. Jehu Postell, his brother, John Postell and Mr. William Capers. To the last named gentleman I was introduced by Col. Marion this afternoon with several com? plimentary remarks. From this I am led to infer that I am to be an officer under Mr. Capers. I am much impressed with this gentleman, who is a man of courtly manners, evidently well bred. Gen. Marion, for I must now call him such, tells me that Mr. Capers was one of the bravest of the Old Second. Do you remember him? His face does not belie Gen. Marion's regard for him if I know anything of human expressions of character. The courier, who i3 waiting for dis? patches to Gen. Gates, will leave in a few moments and has promised to leave this at John Bentley's, where I am sure you will go or that they will send it to you. Pray present my love to dear mother and to each of the children. Tell mother her soldier boy is now realizing his dream of ambition, to serve his couutry which gives him citizenship, and that I am going to settle with the Tories for robbing her last year. She will never hear of her son turning traitor or being a coward. Be pleased to tell Jack Liv? ingstone that I will keep in mind my promise to bring him a red coat as a trophy when I have the opportunity. In the event that any misfortune befalls me, I wish you to give my shotgun aud pouch to Jack, who is a clever boy and will make a noble man some day. Whenever an opportunity offers to get a letter safe to you, it will be my most agreeable duty to write to you and my dearly loved mother. With filial regard, I am your dutiful son. Edward S. Fleetwood. Second Lotter. Pee Dee Swamp, Sep. 2, 1780. William Fleetwood, Esq.?Honored Father: What sad events nave trans? pired since I wrote to you from Post's Ferry. The defeat of the army of Gen. Gates seems to have cast a gloom over every one, and changes the aspect of affairs. All are desponding except our noble leader, whose little body carries in it a heart that is not to be cowed by any? thing short of death. All of us look to him whom we are proud to call General, but whom the British call a . "Fox." There is no despair in bim and the few who yet remain firm and determined, come weal or woe, to strike for liberty while life remains. We have been con? stantly in the saddle, aud are giving our insolent foes, the British and Tories, as much as they can do to keep up with the "Fox." Yet it seems that most of the people bclievo our efforts are in vain and that the cause of the Colonies is hope? less. I thank the god of Washington that there are men in these swamps whose hearts are braver and truer thau to be moved by such craven thoughts. I have witnessed what alone makes me gloomy, the craven spirit manifested by some of our soldiers in the regular line since Gales's defeat, and even some among tho partiznns. Many have left us, but while Mouzon, McCottry, James Horry, Vanderhorst, Thornley, Baxter, Postell, White, Erwin, and by no means last or least my brave, aud noble Capt. Capers, stand to their men and their duty with Gen. Mariou, we will be glad to keep company with the owls and the I foxes, and strike for all that is worth living for in this world. This letter leaves me in the best of hoalth. Dear mother will be pleased to learn that I am growing stout and as active as a cat. The life of a fox is not so hard after all, if you ouly know how to be a fox. I am grateful for escape from bodily iujury, though my poor horses got a bullet every time I get into a fray with tho British. I am now riding the fourth since wo left Post's Ferry. I am also proud to be able to say that I am not, and never have been, a leggard. One cannot associate with the men we have on the Pec-Dco and be a coward. Mr. Johu Garrison brought the packet and letters. The shirts and yarn socks he left at Post's Ferry with a true old lady, who kindly kept them safe uulil I received them a week ago. Embrace my dear mother for roe, and the children one and all. I appreciate highly the message of Mi.-s Agnes*. She may be sure I will never sec her except as a true soldier worthy of her respect. It paius me to know your health is not good, which I fear is from your great anxiety about the country. It will all come right iu the end. If our people are true to themselves and their cause they will have liberty and independence. I send this by Major Butler, who goes on a special mission to Gen. Leo. I hupe you can read it. My ink is mado of oak balls, my pen of a turkey feather and my paper I gut from a British soldier whom wc captured at NcIhoii's Ferry, on the San tee. ?- The tooth of time?Ono extracted on credit. History of Tobacco. In the fir?t week of November, 1,492, two sailors were sent by Columbus to make a brief exploration on the island of Cuba. They brought back to the ship the most marvelous and incredible report. "We found the natives," they said, "carrying lighted firebrands with them and puffing smoke from their mouths and noses." The investigation which followed this extraordinary statement disclosed the nature of the "firebrands." They were made of the leaves of unfamiliar herb, rolled up in the dried inner loaves of maize or Indian corn. It soon turned out, too, contrary to tho theory which naturally occurred to the Europeans to account for thi3 strange custom, that it was neither a method of perfuming the person nor a part of a barbarous relig? ious ceremony, but a practice whose sole excuse for being lay in the simple satis? faction and pleasure of its performance. In this matured aud advanced stage of its existence tho cigar makes its first ap? pearance in history, and it is to be noted that the changes which have been made in it during the nearly 400 years that have since elapsed have been more in the details of the manufacture than in the nature of the article itself. Almost simultaneously with the dis? covery of the cigar, the Spaniards were made aware of another and still more i curious method of extracting the virtues from the seductive herb. The custom was first observed among the natives of the island of San Domingo. Upon the live embers of a wood fire they ca*t the leaves of the tobacco plant. The long end of a hollow tube dividing into branches at the top, shaped like a letter Y with an extended stem, was placed in the smoke. The fumes were inhaled through the branches held in the mouth or nostrils. Such was the primitive pipe, still in use among some South American tribes. I The native gave this novel instrument I this name?tabaco. The Spaniards con? founding the name of the weed with that of the pipe through which it was smok? ed transmitted the error to future gene? rations, and we have continued to perpe? trate it. The Spaniards still preserve the original spelling. The Italians add an extra C?tabacco. The Poles call it tabaca. The Swedes and Danes shorten it to tobak. The Germans, Dutch and Russians spell it tabak and the French tabao. It is said that tho Tartars made uro of the three words ta ba ko to desig? nate tobacco before the plant came into use iii England. There is an old story, so common that everybody is familiar with it, that "the word tobacco is derived from tobago, an island of the Lesser Antilles, where the plant was discovered." This is told and believed with confidence as if the Island had borne this name through all time and Columbus had ouly to inquire to find out what it was. The fact as nearly as we can decide it, is that Columbus gave the Island this name because he fancied its outline bore a resemblance to the Y pipe of the natives of San Domingo. To the use of tobacco, which has become so general throughout the world, we are indebted to the uncivilized inhab? itants of the North American continent. By a process of natural selection the inferior races vanished like smoke at the approach of the superior races, but they left with us as a parting gift a memento which seems likely to last as loug as any of our insti? tutions. It is a curious fact, and one which is probably not paralleled in history, that a race of savages should impress upon the civilized nation a prac? tice originatiug among themselves and exclusively their own. Evidently there was some void in the civilized heart waiting to be filled. It required no long process of initiation or acquirements. Tobacco was adopted at sight, and sprung into its place in popular favor at a single bound. A custom so spontaneously accepted in spite of the most rigorous legislative attempts to suppress it, so steady in its growth and so universal in its ultimate extent, must indeed have had something stronger to recommend it than the mere spirit of imitation or the force of novelty. At the period of our first knowledge of it the tobacco plant seems to have been spread generally over the Southern part of the South American continent aud the Islands at the mouth of the Gulf of Mexico. According to Humboldt it was largely cultivated by the ancient Mexicans as it was by the native abo? rigines. It was found then, as we find it now, varying greatly in character accord jug to the climate and the nature of the soil in which it grew. It seemed then as it does now, particularly adapted to Southern parallels, but it is even at this day occasionally found as a weed as far North as New York State, a relic of the cultivation by the native red man. Unfortunately, future generations are not permitted to record the name of the illustrious discoverer of the virtues of the tobacco plant. For want of better evidence we are obliged to accept tho testimony of the Sugquehaona Indians, who told the Christian missionaries that it was of divine origin?a belief, by the way, which seems to have been pretty generally indulged in by the aborigines. "Some hunters of our tribe," they said, "having killed aud cooked a deer, observ? ed a figure like that of a young woman, really a spirit, on the hill-side, aud thinking that she might be suffering from hunger, offered her some venision. She partook of it, was pleased with its flavor and said: 'Your kindness shall be rewarded. Come here thirteen moons hence and you shall find it.' We did so, and found maize growing where her right haod had touched the ground, where her left, kiduey-beans, and where she sat we found tobacco." Aud undoubtedly this i3 just as authentic as some other "histor? ical" data which are much more widely believed. In thit? case, at any rate, we shall be obliged to take things as they are, with? out indulging iu our common weakness of trying to account for them. It is certain only that the stvuge was found by the white man with the pipe in his mouth, and under his care the culture of tobacco had already reached an advanced stage. The first European ship that touched the shores of America carried back with them the samples of the curi? ous herb that grew iu the now country. We cannot, however, ascertain the date of the introduction of tobacco iuto Eu? rope previous to 1500, when Hernandez de Toledo, a Spanish physician, who had been commissioned by Philip II. to examine the productions of Mexico, brought to Spain a small quantity of the leaves, of which a portion found its way into the Portuguese court, Forty years later, Jean Nicot, a French ambassador at the court of Portugal, sent tho seeds from Lisbon to Paris, as those of a high? ly valuable medicinal plant which was then known throughout Portugal. Nicot has the honor of having the genus nam? ed after him, aud is the why aud where? fore of uicoliana, nicotine and the sev? eral derivations. The first European cultivation of tobacco, therefore, commenced in Portu? gal iu the early part of the sixteenth century. Iu 1072 the culture began in Franco. A box full of the powdered ieaves was sent to Catherine de Medici, and, owing to tho fondness which she developed for it, the plant was for a time called "herbe de la reine." The culture rapidly spread to other parts of Europe. It was brought to England direct from America, though there is some dispute as to who brought it. The distinction is sometimes accorded to Sir John Haw? kins, in the year 1565. Sir Francis Drake is also an applicant for tho honor in tho year 1580. But Sir Walter Raleigh generally gets the credit for the performance. It does not mako any particular differ? ence to anybody now, and posterity will not be likely to Gght over the question. Shrewd people are beginning to suspect that manv of these iotercting little personal anecdotes are bits of pleas? ant fiction and that history is not always just. Everybody remembers the story of Sir Walter Raleigh's servant, who, finding his mastor smoking, supposed him to be on fire, and endeavored to extinguish him with cold water. Re? gardless of how much of these stories may be true or false, we do know that I tobacco was introduced iuto England by somebody in the latter part of the six j teenth century, and that its. use soon j became as general there as on the conti? nent. Everywhere in Europe and in young American colonies, when their time came, the most severe laws were passed to check its progress. Venice was the first to place a tax upon tobacco, imposing it as early a? 1568. James I. forbade culti? vation, and ordered growing plants tobe uprooted. The Czar of Russia announc? ed that every one in his dominions, whether subjects or not, who smoked tobacco, was to be punished with death, pnless'lbe culprit could prove extenuat? ing circumstances, iu which case the sentence might be reduced to amputa? tion of the nose. The Shah of Persia proclaimed to his army that if any soldier should be seized in the act of smoking, he and his pipe and tobacco should all be burned together. Amuret IV., Sultan of Turkey, issued a mandate that every person convicted of smoking should be narched, mounted backward, on an ass chrougb the streets of the capital with i he instrument of bis crime stuck through his nostrils. In Italy, Popes Urban VIII. and In? nocent All. made it the subject of vehement ex-communication. Even in Switzerland a special tribunal i/as created for the express purpose of bringing to punishment delinquents who used the foroidden r od. Yet in spite of all this the use of tobacco steadily increased. It made its way surely and irresistibly among the people, till to-day it is established in popular favor in every quarter of the globe. In this country, and in Europe, it is stating it very safely within bounds to say three out of every four adults are smokers. A rough estimate of the aver? age annual consumption of tobacco for the whole human race a few years ago obtained a total of 1,000,000,000 pounds, or seventy ounces per head each year, la this couutry alone in the year 1884, it is known that there were consumed nearly three and a half thousand million cigars, over a thousand million cigarettes, and a hundred aud seventy million pounds of tobacco, aud the average yearly consumption in the United States hts been computed at twenty-four pounds for every family in the country. Within a few years Great Britain's consumption was reckoned at fifty million pounds yearly. The difficulty in dealing with these enormous figures is that that they are so large that people do not really compre? hend them, and they are so weak by reason of their very magnitude. It is perhaps a more forcible state to say that the number of cigars and cigarettes smoked in this country alone each year would, if placed end to end, would give us a rope of tobacco that would reaeh far beyond the moon. With this for a standard it is easy to see what a superla? tive long line the annual smoking material of the world would make if treated in the same manner. At any rate enough has been said to give a very just idea of the magnitude of our subject, aud thus impressed we may proceed to examine it more in detail.? Boston Globe. Slaughtering Bogs. At an extensive stockyard in Chicago, the business of killing and preparing meat for market has certainly been reduced to a science, and at no other place is slaughtering carried on with such rapidity and skill. The ordinary methods for slaughtering cattle and hogs by farmers aud small butchers, is familiar to every one who knows anythiug of country or village life. In New England in I he olden time, when the farmer nau a "beef critter" or a few hogs to kill, it was considered the best part of a day's work, even with the neighbors to help. Here it is very different. From the com? mencement of the day's business until its close, an endless stream of hogs is kept pouring up an inclined plane to the door of the packing-bouse where they are wanted. As they enter, men stand in their midst with chains having spring clasps at the ends. These are sprung upon one of the animal's hind legs in a jiffy, and before the hog knows it, a small stationary engine has lifted him iuto the air and he is squealing vigorously. The upper end of the chain is attached to a pully which runs overhead on an iron railway, and carries the animal along toward the scalding vat. On the way he passes the sticker, who, with one lunge of a long, sharp knife, ends his life. Almost instantly be is dropped from the chain directly into the scalding vat, whirled over a few times, and then lifted by bidden machinery at the bottom of the vat up to a moviug belt, which carri es him toward the scraping machine. The principal and mechanism of this mac line are almost identical with that of a corn sheller. Revolving wheels with flexible scrapers are so placed and bunched as to hit the surface of the bog on all sides at the same time. The animal enters snout first and emerges as cleauly scraped of bristles as ho could bo if the work were done slowly by hand. He is the' attached to another pulley and passed along to a skilled workraau, who, with three strokes of the kuife, disembowels the animal. A stream of water plays upon him for a few seconds and then an elevated railway carries him off toward the cooling room. The time of the whole process is consid? erably less than four minutes, on an average, each clay and week and month. The two men who arc most skilled and who receive the highest wages for their important but disagreeable work, are the t ticker and discmboweler. Very rarely do either of tb.-se workmen miss their aim or stroke. But it requires a cool head and a steady baud to do the work quickly and well at the same time. A steady procossion of swinging hogs, dead and dying, is kept passing through tho room from morn till night and no blockade of freight is allowable. Not a moment is lost, not a particle of strength is waited. There is no heavy lifting of dead oaroasses from the beginning to the end of the room process. Machinery taken the place of human labor wherever it is possible and the work of nimble | fingen and sharp knives rapidly com? pletes the job. It is a process which in? flicts tho least amount of pain and suffering upon the animal to be slaugh? tered, und one which never fails to im? press che beholder with an enduriug sense of astonishment. ? Strctchit was telling Gawley about an alligator he saw in Florida. "That alligator measured sixty-three feet aud five inshes from the end of his nose to the tip of his tail. What do you think of than, Gawley ? An alligator sixty three feet and five inches long. Does that r.ot astonish you ?" "No," said Gawley, quietly ; "I'm a liar myself." ? An eccentric old fellow who lives alongsido of a graveyard was asked if it was net an unpleasant location. "No," said hei, "I never j'ined places in all my life wit h a set of neighbors that minded their otvn business as steady as they do." THE TRUTH OF HISTORY. President Johnson Defended Affiilust Depew find Grunt. The following letter from ex-Governor B. F. Perry, of this State, in reply to the Depew-Grant after dinuer story about President Johnson will be read with interest, and is a valuable contribution to the literature of the subject, both on account of the unimpeachable integrity of the writer and the peculiar opportu? nities which he enjoyed of being familiar with the topic of which he writes. Governor Perry was a personal friend of President Johnson, and he writes with feeling as well as vigor. In a private letter accompanying his communication he says that he wishes it published "for the truth of history and the defence of a slandered man:" Sans Souci, ) Greenville, S. C, Nov. 2,1885. j To the Editor of the Neioa and Courier : The communication of Mr. Depew, purporting to give a conversation with Gen. Graut at adinuor table, iu reference to the conduct of President Johnson after the close of our civil war, is in my opin? ion a tissue of slanderous falsehoods from beginning to end ; and once before Gen. Grant was convicted by the whole of Johnson's Cabinet of a want of verac? ity between him and Johnson. That Johnson was in favor of hanging the leading Southern men at the close of the war; that he was afterwards flattered by the Southern aristocracy and changed his policy towards the Southern States, and that finally he was in favor of organ? izing a revolutionary Congress, with the Southern members and such of the Northern members as would go into this Congress, is absurd and preposterous. ? Immediately after the close of the war I was appointed Provisional Governor of South Carolina, and went on to Wash? ington before any such extraordinary aristocratic influence could have been brought to bear on him. I had several private aud confidential interviews with the President. He said nothing about trying to hang Confederate generals and politicians. On the contrary he was kind and forgiving in his conversation and said all he wished was to see the Southern States restored to the Union and slavery abolished. He was disposed to pardon all who would take the oath prescribed by him. I told him that all the people in South Carolina would be disposed to adopted his suggestion and be once more loyal to the Federal Gov? ernment. He was much pleased at the information I gave him in regard to South Carolina, and requested me to call on Mr. Seward, and the other members of his Cabinet, and tell him what I had told him. I did, so, and my'information was gratifying to them all. He expressed a wish that all the Southern States would immediately elect Senators and members J of Congress so that they might be able to take their seats when Congress met. President Johnson was a man of great firmness and integrity of character devoted to the Constitution and the Union of the States. He deeply deplored, whilst a strong Southern man and born Democrat, the unwise course pursued by the South in consequence of Lincoln's election to the Presidency. At that time the Democratic party had a majority in both Houses of Congress and a majority - of the Supreme Court. President Lin? coln therefore was powerless to oppress or injure the Southern States. Johnson was a warm Southern man and made, just before the election of Lincoln, the best and ablest speech ever made in the Senate of the United States on the Southern question. He was a highly gifted man, and I heard a distin? guished lawyer of Tennessee, opposed to him in politics, say he was the most intel? lectual man he had ever met. It is a great mistake to suppose that Presideut Johnson could be influenced by wealth or aristocracy to pursue a course different from his own convictions of duty in auy matter. It is true that be had no respect for wealth or aristocracy, unless united with integrity and honor, love of country and Republican institu? tions. He said once in my presence, addressing a charitable and religious association, that he "respected all sects of the Christian religion, and regarded every honest man as a brother." It is foolish to suppose that Johnson, who loved and idolized the Constitution and hated war and revolution, should have been in favor of organizing a revo? lutionary Congress and involving his country in anoiher civil war. No ono who ever knew President Johnson can believe such an absurd story. That he regretted, deeply regretted, the Southern members of Congress were not allowed to take their seats, I know to be true. On my return to Columbia Gen. Prea tou, Dr. Laborde, Mr. Alfred Huger, Mr. DoSaussure and other gentlemen, called on me at Col. J. B. Campbell's to hear the news from Washington. I stated to them the kind, forgiving and magnanimous policy President Johnson was disposed to pursue towards the South, and did pursue. They thought I had been deceived, but afterwards acknowl? edged their error. B. F. Perry. "When My Children Were About Me." It is with lender emotions that many a parent recalls such a time. In the loneli? ness of bis old age his thoughts ofiou re? vert to the years that are post aud gone. Bright scones rise to his view. Then his familv was an unbroken aud an undi minished household. The wife of his youth was then with him, and all bis children, a young, happy group. To gether, day by day, gathored around the common board, day by day they bowed at the same family altar, and day by day they mingled in pleasant intercourse, dwelling together iu unity. Little then did they realize how soon those "happy, golden days" would speed their flight, no more to return. Bui so has it been. Death has invaded the loved circles aud claimed one and another of r.heir number. Other*, ono after another, as they have grown up, have gone forth from under the parental roof into the wide world, and the homo of their childhood shall no more be their abiding homo. Some of them are far away. Occasionally one and another of them revisits the old homestead, but it is for , only a brief tarry. Soon again farewell words are spoken, and tho?e who are , bound to each other by the dearest earth? ly ties part. The parents, now old and g'ray-headed, follow the departing ones with their kindest bcnediciions and prayers, realizing from time to time more , and more sensibly the uncertainties of earth and the doubtfulness of renewed meetings. With tearful eyes at the re- i menibrancc of "months that are past," and of the "days when their children were about them," they hopefully an? ticipate the more blessed time, when all, parents and children, gone the way whence they shall not return, shall meet and greet each other in the heavenly home, where partings shall be forever unknown, and where, in the presence of the great and good Father and of their elder Brother, they shall forever abide. ?New York Observer. ? A philosopher who had married an ignorant girl used to call her "brown sugar," because, he said, she was sweet and unrefined. ? Girl9 in search of material for crazy quilts should apply to the railroad com? panies. They throw away thousands of old lies every year. ? A subscriber asks: "When is the best time to marry ?" Mr. Enpeque says the best time for such a ceremony is the 31st of February. A Remarkable Man. The Hou. James Eduard Calhoun, of Abbeville County, is one of the most re? markable men in South Carolina. He is considerably older than the Nineteenth Century, and not only enjoys the most perfect health but possesses, unimpaired, an intellect of the highest order, having a mind as clear and a memory as fresh as that of a man in the prime of life. He has never in his long life used eye? glasses, and reads with ease by the light of an ordinary kerosene lamp. At bore* his favorite exercise is to mount his horse and ride over his immense estate. Hin career has been no less remarkable tha*j the wonderful preservation of his health. Mr. Calhoun is the youngest son of the distinguished lawyer, the Hon. John E. Calhoun, who died in the prime of his life in 1802, and while serving a term in the United States Senate. At the death of his father Mr. Calhoun came into the possession of a large fortune, but his taste for adventure led him to seek the seas and he entered the navy in 1816. He was at that time the rich? est man in the service. His distinguished brother-in-law, John C. Calhoun, was at that time just entering upon a career which gave him a world-wide reputation. The young midshipman added to a hand? some person and most pleasing address sessed especially a great aptitude for lan? guages and during bis travels acquired a familiarity with over sixteen tongues. His chief object in enlisting in the navy was to see the world and seek adventures, and he lost no opportunity of throwing himself into those positions in which he could best accomplish these ends. His wealth, position, influence and ability enabled him to gratify his tastes. He joined many expeditions and visited nearly every quarter of the globe. He was with the celebrated Long expedition, which explored the great Northwest, at that time an unknown wilderm o3, and visited the spot where Chicago now stands long before it had been thought of as a site for a city. Mr. Calhoun resigned from the navy in 1833 and returned to his estates in Abbeville County. These consisted of several plantations situated on the Savan? nah River at a point then known as "Trotter's Shoals." For more than half a century he has led the life of a hermit, his time being devoted to the building up of bis estate, adding this year a planta? tion and the next year another until now he is the owner of over 25,000 acres of land on both sides of the Savannah River and with a water front of over twenty-five miles. On his estates, it is said, there is the finest water power in the South. In addition to this splendid homestead of 25,000 acres Mr. Calhoun owns over 165,000 acres of land in the mountain sections of Pickens and Oco nee Counties. While Mr. Calhoun has lived alone he has always taken a keen interest in pass? ing events and public men and measures. In his youth he was thrown with many distinguished people, not only in this country but abroad. His recollections of such well known characters as Clay, Webster, Randolph, Jackson and many others, and his vivid and suggestive manner of talking, make him one of the most interesting conversationalists in the State.? Charleston News and Courier. Lincoln's Unsent Message. St. Locis, October 31.?The Globe Democrat prints editorially this morning the following interesting facts in con? nection with President Lincoln and the late war: "A number of personal friends were discussing some incidents of the late war. One of them spoke of Mr. Lincoln'a aversion to bloodshed, and cited as ah illustration that he had it from a member of the Cabinet of the war period that Mr. Lincoln, on his return from the Hampton Roads conference in February, 1865, proposed to his Cabinet to submit a message to Congress giving to the Southern States an amount equal to the probable cost of the war from that time to its close,-ol condition of their laying down their arms and returning to their loyalty to the Union. The editor of the Globe-Democrat, hearing of the conver? sation, sent a memorandum to the Hon. John Usher, who was at the time referred to Mr. Lincoln's Secretary of the Inte? rior, and who is now a resident of Law? rence, Kansas, requesting him to state his recollections as to its correctness. From Mr. Usher's reply, which was re? ceived yesterday, we make the following extract: "Soon after his (Lincoln's) return from James River the Cabinet was convened, and he read to it for their approval a message which he had prepared to be submitted to Congress, in which he re? commended Congress to appropriate $300,000,000 to be apportioned among the several States, in proportion to the slave population, to be distributed to the holders of slaves in those States upon the condition that they would consent to the abolition of slavery and the disbanding of the insurgent army, and would ac? knowledge and submit to the laws of the United States. The members of the Cabinet were all opposed to it. He seemed somewhat surprised at that and asked, 'How long will the' war last?' No one answered, but he soon said, 'A hundred days. Well, we are spending now in carrying on the war three million dollars a day, which will amount to all this money, besides all the lives.' With a deep sigh, he added, 'But you are all opposed to me, and I will not send the message.'" \ A Wonderful Now Clock. In the little town of Woodbury, Pa., resides a young man of mechanical genius who is working at a wonderful clock, which when completed will prob? ably eclipse anything yet produced in the clock line, not even excepting the celebrated Strasburg clock. He has been working at this clock over five years and expects to finish it next Spring. It will be twelve feet high by five feet wide and three and a halt feet deep, and is built eutirely of waluut wood. It is artistically designed aud displays grace? ful proportions, while the mouldings ornamenting it are delicately carved. On the lower front of the case is a circlo of eleven dials, with a large dial in the centre giving the time at Washington, 1). C, in hours, minutes and seconds, the month of the year, the date of the month, the day of the week, the four seasons of the year and the changes of the moon. The" eleven remaining dials give the diflTereuce of time in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London, Pekiti, Constantinople, Melbourne, Vienna, St. Petersburg and Cairo. One of the most curious features of the clock is a contriv? ance by wjich at a certain hour of the day a figuro representing William H. Vanderbiit, the railroad king, arises from his chair, holding a charter in his right hand, aud all the other great railroad magnates of tho country slowly enter a door at his left, pass, bow to him and disappear in a submissive way at a door to his right. ? A Western poet, it is said, thinks more of his wife than he does of his poems. Sc does every one that ever read his poems. ? It is wrong for married women to make fun of old maids. They would have been old maids themsoives if they hadn't got married. -? Rev. Mr. Tennant, the oldest min? ister in the United States, died recently at Evanaville, Ark. His age was 115 and he had preached 90 years. more than ordinary ability. He