University of South Carolina Libraries
BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 18, 1884. VOLUME XX.--NO. 10 IN FOREIGN LANDS. I prisons ore still uap<l ?nd r?..~. -.u?- ! -<~-.~ Cvrretpondmce of the IntcU?jencer. .'Oh Venice! Venice! when thy marble walls Are level with the waters, there shall bo A cry of nations o'er thy sunken halls, A "loud lament ulong the sweeping sea." From Florence to Venice is a delight ful ride of nearly 200 miles through some of the finest regions of central and North ern Italy. As far as Pistoja, famous as the place where pistols were invented, the road runs along the base of tho Apen nines ; but at this point the ascent of the mountain is begun and thc iron rail wiuds up tho fertile slopes, giving varied and extensive views of tho broad plaina of Tuscany. Beyond the mountains we fellow tho course ol the river Reno nearly to Bologna, one of the important cities of both raedireval and modern Italy. Its university, established early in thc 12th century, at ono time numbered 10,C00 students, nud many importaut discoveries iu acieuce were made here. About thirty miles farther on we pass Ferrara, the home of Tasao, Ariosto and Titian, and seventy miles beyond Ferrara the spires and towers of Venice come in sight, ap parently rising out of the sea ; and cross ing a bridge more than two miles long we reach the station and take a Venetian omnibus, a gondola, to our hotel, which was, according to the be3t authorities, formerly a palace. Nations, like men, ofteu owe their for tunes to small beginnings. Upon the downfall of tho Westeru Empire in the 5th century, a handful of the inhabitants of Northern Italy sought refuge from the conquering barbarian? upon the low islands at tho head of the Adriatic, thus laying the foundations of the city of Venice. From humble fishermen they gradually increased in numbers nnd power and obtained the mastery of the Mediterranean and the commerce of the world, and maintained an independent national existence for more than 1,200 years, until conquered by the great Bona parte in 1797. In 1866 Veuice passed from the control of Austria and is now a part of Uniteu Italy. Around its marble palaces and gloomy prisons are clustered more memories of beauty and pride, of chivalrous devotion and treacherous despotism, of romance and tragedy, of hign-Bouled honor and the blackest posions of tho human heart, thai) about ali mst any other spot on earth. The Venice of to day is u city of about 130,000 inhabitants, built upon 117 isl iuds, separated by 147 canals and con nected by nearly 400 bridges. The Grand Ct nal, shaped like a huge inverted letter S, divides the city into two nearly equal par's and runs from tho railway station on the Northwest to the Piazza of St. Mark's on the Southeast. It is the Venetian Broadway. Imagine if you can, a city without the sound of horse oi wagon ; no broad paved streets, but in their place narrow crooked canals, upon whose dark waters the black gondolas giide almost noiselessly ; a city in fad where the rush and bustle of the nine teenth century never bas and probably never will reach ; a city which seems tc live ia the romance of its past, and yoi will have nome idea of Venice. The grand central point bf interest ir Venice is the Piazza of St. Mark's, ar irregular Bquare about 600 feet in lengtl and 250 feet wide. It is terminated ot tho East by St. Mark's, the Campanile, o: bell tower, and the Doges Palace, and ot the three remaining sides ?9 surrousaei by a palatial structure, the lower storj with broad arcades being occupied \v Bbops and cafes. The Plazzetta is i smaller square extending from St Mark' Southward to the Grand Canal, tin famous winged lion of St. Mark's and tin ht attie of St. Theodore standing as senti nels on the shore. In the summer i military band plays in the square severa times each week and the entire piazza i filled every evening with a gay crowd o pleasure seekers. The world has nothing like tho cathe dral of St Mark's. It was built in th eleventh century, in the form ot a Creel cross, -with a great dome over tho centr and four smaller ones over the arms. I is in the Byzantine style, and the orienta splendor and magnificence of its decora tiona cannot be described. Above th portal are the celebrated bronze horse which have Btood successively upon th arches of Nero, Domitian, Trajan am Constantine at Borne, were taken to Con Btantinople by Constantino the Great brought to Venice by Zono, taken t Paris by Napoleon but restored again t Venice in 1815. Passing through tho vestibule one i almost bewildered by tbe wierd splendci and surpassing richness of its interioi The ceiling does not riso in pointe arches, like tho great Gothic cathedral of central Europe, neither is it flat o panelled ?ike the mighty basilicas c Rome; but is hollowed out into va." dome shaped forms, with massivo semi circular arches between, the whole cov ered with costly mosaics upon a gol fround. Around us rise hundreds of pil srs of rich marble and variegated stone while the chapels on every hand presen new features of interest. The pa vernen of tessellated marble rises and falls ii waves under foot, the foundations bavin, settled unequally. Among the relic which are here exhibited, are two alabas ter columns from Solomon's temple, th stone on which John the Baptist was be headed, a vase containing some of th blood of the Savior, and many otbei . regarded by the profane aa of equal 1 doubtful authenticity. The dreamy ligb which illuminates the shadowy aisles c this almost oriental sanctuary, enter through small windows high op at th base of the domes, and mingling with th gleam of the silver lamps which bur ceaselessly before the many shrines, i '?fleeted upon the wondrous imagery t the mosaics and the stately glories ot th sculptured saints with a peculiarly atril log effect, lt is worth a trip across continent to behold. Adjoining St. Mark'? on the right an between 'that church and * the Gran canal, is the Doges Palace, which hi beeb destroyed end rebuilt five times, th pr 'sent edifice dating from 1350. Lilt nearly all structures of its class, it ? built around fen open court, and ita mao balls and council chambers are filled nit blatorical . painting?, commemoratin grand events in the history of the Reput ?c.. The Hall of the Great Council cot ?Jna Tintoretto's Paradise, the U.^? oi? painting ever extcuted, it belog 8 ?eet long and 84 feet wide. In the lowi part of the palace we are abo w n the dam foci noisome prison celia where mao ?tate prisoners have been confined ; an ?rom one of the upper atories we go ot *S^?L? canst over the famous "Bridg ? Sighs" referred to by Byron. "Iit2$d.ln Venice?n the Bridge of ?lghi Palace sud a prison on each hand?' ??>ts bridge connected the cou .ici 1 chan P*r" of the palace with the prisot navona and containa two passages, one < " blob w?? feed, for State prisoners, sn ?'ie other for ordinary ' criminals. Tr of interest. Besides St. Mark, Venice* has roany churches, but with the limited time at our disposal only a few claim attention. The Friera contains ?ne monuments to Canova and Titian ; Santa Marla della Saluto bas one of the most graceful and finely proportioned facades in Europe, and other? have features of lesser In terest. The (Jrand Canal is crossed near the centre of the city by the celebrated bridge called the Rialto. It ia a single arch of lt T et BP.aD' 32 feet ll'?h ar'd rests on 12,000 piles. It was built in the 16th century and contains three passage-ways with a row of shops on each side of the centre passage. Tho name Rialto, was originally applied to tho main island of tho group, which has always been the business as well as the geographical cen tre of the city, and it is probably this to which Shakespere refers in the "Mer chaut of Venice" when Shylock says : "Signor Antonio, many a time and oft In tho Rialto you have rated me, Even thoro whoro merchants most do congregate." The Grand Canal by mooulightis justly regarded aa one of the most fascinating sights in Eurone. The palaces which line its shores have many of them seen their best days, and in thc glare of the noonday suu appear a trifle "seedy" to say the least ; hut the glamor of the soft moonlight throws a charitable vail over the dilapidation and evidences of decay and tho surroundings all combine to form a scene of enchanting beauty. The gondola, which forms the only means of transportation in Venice, is a singular craft about 30 feet in length, with a sharply elevated prow and stets in the centre for tho passengers. The boatmeu stand on a deck at the stern and^ propel the gondola with a broad, flexible oar, literally pushing, with a peculiarly dextrous stroke, their way through the water. Such perfect control do they have over their boats that they will turu a square corner within an iocb of grazing it aud even when going at fu'l speed will stop almost instantly. Venice has been justly famous for her advancement of the arts. Hero Galileo invented the telescope. Here the first newspaper was printed iu the sixteenth century and sold for a coin called a Ga zetta. Here the Order of Jesus, or Jes uits, was organized in 1536. The names of Canova, Tasso, Marco Polo and many others illustrious in the annals of the world are all associated with this city of the sea. . We leave Venice with regret. Ita pecu liar location, its wondorful history, the evidences of its past greatness, all com bine to make il one ot the most interest ing cities of Europe to the American traveler. Wheu we compare our own hundred years of national lif? with the twelve centuries during which this city maintained an independent existence, we feel that many of our fault* and fol lies can be excused on thc score of youth and inexperience ; but cu the other hand, when wo compare the condition of Ihe [ American people with the best days of i these old nations, we feel no reason to be ashamed of our growth and civilization. I Leaving Venice iu the early morning wo Btop over one train at Verona, a city of about 70,000 population and about 75 miles from our starting point. We pass through Padua and Vicenza aud as we near the mountains at the foot of which Verona is situated, wo find the country very fertile and highly cultivated. A system of irrigation is carried on which "really increase the value of the land, .ni fine vineyards, fields of corn and other grain, and extensive mulberry orchards, the leaves from which support the silk worm., surround vis OE evei^ side. The great attraction of Verona is thc the old Roman amphitheatre built A. D 90, and still in good preservation. lb outer wall was thrown down by no earth quake in the 12th century, but the seat; are almost perfect, and could Barnum o Forepaugb secure a lease of it they weah find in its broad arena ample spaco fo the "Greatest Show oq Earth," while, ai audience of 25,000 could be accommo dated on the stone seats as well now a in those old days when the Roman popu lace assembled to witness the blood; work of the gladiators. In fact at thi time of our visit an itinerant rope walke bad been giving an entertainment ther and his rope was still stretched a^ros from the upper tiers of seats far abov tho arena. But the amphitheatre la na the only point of interest in Verona. Tb romantic and sentimental traveler wil ?ind in the garden of an oid Francisca monastery, near the Southern wall, ai old Btone sarcophagus, likened by mao unappreciative minds to an old ston horse trough, which is pointed out as th only original tomb of Juliet. Althoug the devoted Romeo ceased bis attention Borne years sgo, the fair Juliet bassine bad many callers; as the bottom of th sarcophagus is covered to a depth of sei eral inches with visiting cards, represen ing all nationalities and all quarters < the globe. Nothing can be less aUraclh or romantic, but the beauty of 8bab< spore's ploy draws thousands of visito here each year. The house of the Cap? lets is iu a street near by and is now tn cupied as a hotel. Verona was one ( tbe fortresses of the famous "Qaadrilate al," the others being Peschiera, Manu and Lego ugo, but its military important is now a thing of the past. Shortly after leaving Verona we pa Lake Garda, the largest of the Itali! lakes and posssssing some fino scener Near this lake ia the famous battlefie of Solferino, where the French and lu ians, under tho third Napoleon in 185 struggled against the Anstrian forces ai were finally successful. The fertile pla through which the road passes is traver? by numerous canals which are border by long lines of ul I Lombardy poplat Sving a very striking appearance to t! udscape. A ride of about four bou from Verona brings us to Milan, ll necond city in aize in Italy and one the most prosperouo of the entire kin dom. _ TBAVELBB. In tbe Country. Returned Prodigal - "Dear I Dea How little the old farm bas changed I Hon?st Farmer-"Very few chaps have been made, my son. You will fl thingc pretty much aa you left Mu twenty years ago. Over there ia t apple tree you planted.' '.Yea, tho same tree, only larger; a there lathe dog-houae I made fort ne"Yf?? poor Carlo ! lie died of < ace ten years ago. That 4 jg yon see bis grsbaton.*' ... . "And over lhere ia the chicken-hoi I helped to build for old Biddy's fi brood " "Yes ; poor old Biddy ! I wiah 11 known yon were coming home." "Why V* "Because I might have aaved her, 1 I took her to market-last week.-Fht dJphia Oatt. ' -?- mm "-' - Brick made of aniajl diacart corks now conatltutea an Industry of G many. . vt I HK KING'S JEWELS.? A, Tribut? to the Memory of tb? Lat? tilth Op i'll TC O. The mournful interest that has every where been excited, especially iu the Boutb, among peoplo of all denomina tions, by the newB of the death of Bishop Pierce is in a measure explained in Ibo following warm tribute to his memory written by a member of tb? Newt and Courier staff, who owes his colleg'ate edu cation to thc generosity of the Bishop: Bishop George F. Pierce came from good stock, and bis lineage could bo traced back to tbe settlement of James town. He was a son of the world re nowned Dr. Lovick Pierce, who died in 1879, aged 93, and who has been preach ing the gospel sixty-six years. Bishop Pierce was 74 at the limp of his death, aud bad been preaching nearly fifty-five years. Father uiid ?on have left a great er impress upon 8outhern Methodism than any other two men that ever lived, not excepting the scholarly Wesley, who was ito founder, nor the awful and anomalous orator Whitefield, whose flute like voice wooed sinners into listening, j while his arguments frightened them into repentance. The elder Pierce learned to read after he was 21, and at 50 was acknowledged to be tho greatest preacher of his denomination in America. As a Methodist pulpit orator ho was never surpassed until his own Min eclipsed liim. Bishop Pierce had all tho advan tages of the schools, a mind as clear os i sunbeam and a heart like the heart of it little child. He graduated at the Uni versity of Georgia in the Bame class with Sen. Robert Toombs, with whom he maintained a most unreserved intimacy np to the time of bis death. Aside from their transcendent intellects two men nore widely different never lived. Their friendship, covering a period of nearly sixty years, is another illustration if the affinity of extremes. Gen. Toombs sought the good things of *his >vorld, and be obtained them if any m..n lince Solomon bas done BO. Ancestry, wealth, inherited and acquired, intellect, locial position, political preferment ami ?ven personal attractions of tho highest Tiler combiued to make this man happy. Last year in Washington, Georgia, where ie lived all bis life, he was baptized and 'eceived into the Methodist Church by Bishop Pierce. That day be said : 'George's life (meaning that of iheBish >p) has beon a perpetual sermon to me, ind the groat mistake of my life was eaving Chri.it out of my calculation^." As an orator, Bishop Pierce was both nade and born. Aa a bei i es lettre hetorician bo bad few equals among English speaking people. At the ago of 10 he was pronounced by Henry Clay lo ie "the most eloquent man iii America." 3e met with and was a member of per mps as many distinguished deliberative assemblies as any man that ever lived; ind in every one without dispute he was minted out as the oratorical Corypheua if them al'. In a debating tilt, whoever vas second be was first. He wac versa ile to the lasl degree. He could be a day morning or a September storm, as ir, uited bim best. The first General Assembly of bis church to which be was iver elected was the most historic ; in its lebates be made for himself a fame vhicb baa climbed the mountains of two ionospheres and built for itself a neat >eside tho eagle's. The Assembly was he great General Conference of 1844, vhicb, to use the trite phrase, "Split the wo Methodisms." Up to the meeting of hat Conference the Methodist Church n the United States had been one organ 0 body. AB is well known it divided ipou the slavery issue. Ono of the southern bishops. Andrew, bsd married j 1 lady who owned slaves, and the North ?rn, especially the New England, dele gates urged that be must either manumit be slaves or ^ive up his office in the Episcopacy. Tbe Southern delegates itood by fitshop Andrew, and. tbe two ections diridtd as Methodists, at least. ?Vben the pap?rs announced the division >f the Methodist Church Daniel Webster, who was then in the Senate, said it was he "first wedge of accession." It was n the great debate on the resolution to ixpel Bishop Andrew that Bishop Pierce, hen a young man of 30, distinguished limself. Ono of the speakers, Dr. Peck, laving threatened that unless Bishop indrew was deposed for holding slaves he New England churches would wilh iraw from the connection, Bishop Pierce -eplied at some length and closed with ,hiB sentence : "Let New England go ; oy go with her and peace will stay be itncTher; abe has for many a year been t thorn in the flesh and an emissary of he devil sent to buffet us." This is the larsbest sentence that bas ever been re corded of bira, and tbat was fully jusli ied by the provocation. It is difficult for one who bas never leen in Georgia to understand exactly he extent of .Bishop Pierce's influence ind popularity. Tue love-literal love -for tin. man was not moro confined to jeople of the same d?nomination than t was to people of tbe same complexion, it is said of him that he never had an Miemy. Certainly he was every man's rieud. Barring politics, he had more nfluence than any fifty men in Georgia vben he died. His home, "Sunshine," s situated several miles from any station, Dut immediately on the railroad. For ,wenty -five years it haa been a ti landing irder from the authorities of the road hat any train signalled must stop for the tccommodation of the Bisop and bis amity. A roan in Georgia once beat toother for speaking disrespectfully of Bishop Pierce. Neither of them were nembers of any church, and neither bad iver seen the Bishop. While Bishop Fierce shone in debate ind was mighty in counsel, it was as a 'camp meeting preacher" that be was at lis best. Camp meetings have always >een a distinctive feature of Methodism. Bishop Pierce waa their champion. Hamp meetings, as they once were, are apidly passing away, and their chara pi rn is already gone. But they have be some a part of Methodist history. At hese gatherings, ail through the South ern States, for forty-yean past Bishop Pierce's t. ese nco han been coveted, prized md remembered. Humble as he was, ?berever h? went he towered above the ither preachers, like Saul above the ar nie* of Israel. No man could wear bia irmor or fill his place. Bis power over he people has never been equalled, since he daya of Whitfield. On one occasion, mont thirteen years ago, he preached at in "arbor meeting"--a series of camp nestings-in Jefferson County, Georgie. \. colder, more phlegmatic and fashion ible audience would bo hard to find in he cou n try than that was. The audience vas ali silks and smiles and feathers. 'Jut when this great preacher rose they iaw his white, sad face and flashing eyes, hey caught the spirit of solemnity that ras tn him.. He. awed them. His sen eoces flowed like a river and fit bis text ike a groove. ; Everybody mellowed aa te proceeded. Hearing bim was ono i alf tho sermon and seel og him thc other, br bis face was ?ll eglow with "the light hst never was on sea or land." Io lesa han fifty minutes that vast throng waa is completely- ander his control as a piece if -machinery.' They followed his gea urcs with their bodies; and, viren- he sat dowu, the pent up emotion burst fortb in a storm. Scores of people, Borne of them grey-beaded old men, were conver ted and begun a new life that day. All the world may forget Bishop Pierce, but Jeff',r80t. County, Georgia, will remem ber bim. He was a type of the Metho dist preacher that is rapidly becoming extinct. Few will be greater and none purer than he was. With all his frieuds and honors and fame, bis heart waa not here ; he had placed it with bis treasures, in a country where "moth and rust doth not corrupt mid where thieves do not break through and steal." Ho preached the Gospel of the Son of God to the third generation of men, nud when at last, in the shodow of t'vo worlds, ho came to face the lust enemy of man, the grace.bo had recommended for others was sufficient for him. Four mouths ago he preached the fungal runion of his aged col!eague: Bishop Hubbard H. Kavanaugh, io Nashville. To look back now it seemed that then tho "sunset of life gave him mystical love," for in that sermon he said : "Time Uko an ever rolling stream bears all ita sons away. Soon tho grave will be our homo and tho worms our companions. Brethren, let us all ask ourselves the question,'who will be the next?'" Hu was the next. Ho was gathered to his fathers in the course of nature, and indue time, like a shock of corn that is ripe for thc harvest. He is one of the King's butied jewels and God will take him home with Him at last if He baa to burn the world and sift the ashes to find him. Of u truth, "the day of n man's death is better than the day of his birth ; And though after this skin worms devour our bodies, yet iu the flesh we shall see God." After all, the death of men Uko Bishop Pierce is tho best argument in favor of a futuro existence. It a Benevolent Power rules tho universe such characters can not suller annihilation. AB for Bishop Pierce, wo hare au intuition, independent of revelation, which answers us that to day, while we write, be still lives and loves and moves in sumo beautified land where azure iules loom up from seas of silver, where every bosom is peaceful, every eye is tearless and every face ?B radiant with an inward and irrepressible joy. _ Inventions of Half a Century. The number of inventions that have been made during the past fifty years is unprecedented in the history of the world. Inventions of benefit to the hu man race have been made in all ages since man was created, but looking back for half a hundred years, bow many more are crowded into the pas? fifty than iuto any other fifty tiuce recorded in history. The perfection of th-; locomotive, and the now world ira vers' ng steamships, tho telegraph, the telephone, tho audipLone, the sewing macbrae, the photograph, tho cylinder printing press, chromo lithograph priming, tbe elevator for hotels and other many storied buildings, tho cotton gin and the spinning jeuuey, tho reader, the mower, the Bteam thresher, tho steam fire engine, the improved process tw making steel, the application of ether and chlo roform to destroy sensibility in painful surgery cases, and so on through a long catalogue. Nor are we yet done in the field of invention and discovery. The application of coal gas and pretroleum to beating and cooking operations is only trembling on tho verge of successful ex periment, the introduction of the steam from a great central reservoir to general use for heating and cooking is foreshad owed as among the coming events, the artificial production of butter has already created a consternation among dairymen, the navigation of the air by como devica akin to our pr?tent balloon would also seem to be prefigured, and the propulsion of machinery by electricity is now clearly indicated by the march of experiment. There are some problems which wo have hitherto deemed impossible of solution, I but arc tho mysteries of even the most j improbable of them more subtle to grasp j than that of the ocean cabio or that of ? the photograph or the telephone? We! talk by table with an ocean rolling be tween ; we speak iu our voices to friends I a hundred miles or more from where wo ! articulate before the mictophome. Un- | der the blazing sun of July we produce j ice by chemical meaus, rivaling the most solid and cryataliue productions of nature. Our surgeons graft tho skin from ono j person's arm to the face of another, and it adheres and becomes an intregal por- ! tion of his body. We mako a mile of j white printing paper and send it on a | ?pool ihul a perfecting printing pfdes unwinds and prints, and delivers to you, { folded and counted, many thousands per hour. Of a verity, this is the age of in vention, nor bas tho world reached a stopping place yet. ?Papa is Bunning the Englue.*' One beautiful morning in the spring of 18G3, I was on board a passenger train on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, cross ing the green glazes from the Alleghenies westward. At that lime this railroad was held alternately by lbs Federal hud Confederate armies, and travel Waa neith er safo nor pleasant. On, tho occasion of which I write the train was behind its time, and was running at a very high sneed, and as we were whirled around sharp curves, over fields, aud across bridges, nearly every ono on board man ifested some anxiety at each jerk and jar of the train. All eyes were turned to the windows, and many faces woree look of uneasiness. I was thinking of the probabilities of the train being hurled over an embankment, and the fearful scenes tbat must follow, when I observed a bright little girl of four or five sum mers approaching me, and, sa she extend ed her little hand and bade me "Good morning" in a sweet, clear voice. I en gaged her in conversation, by asking ber if abe were not afraid to ride on tbe cars. To which ehe replied : "Sometimes,' but I am not afraid th io morning." "Why," I asked, "are you not afraid this morning f Everybody else seems to be afraid ; and, besides, we are running very rapidly." "Oh, there ia no danger at all," abe replied, "papa is running the eugine." Her father wai the engineer, and ehe bad such implicit confidence in bis abili ty to protect her, that abe felt perfectly secure and happy. I shall never forget the lesson of faith and trust I learned from that dear child. When clouds, ?and storms, and darkness lorround my pathway, and I almost feel tbat I mpst perish, I remember that it is my Father in Heaven that watches over me, and If I will only take His proffeied bsnd, He will lead me in paths of peace, beside (he etill waters. Ob, bless His name forever I - "Couldn't you find room enough for yourself on that bench without pushing that little boy off on the floor?" asked an Austin school teacher of the bad boy ot theschool. "I didn't want O-JV room br ?myself," wa? the reply ; "I 'wasn't crowded at all." "Theo why did yon push him off?" "To give him more room. He was the boy who was crowd ed, aol pushed him off to give him plen ty of room. There ia a great deal. more roon, off a bench than there ls on it." ? THE PEOPLE WHO WENT WEST, ! The Colony Which llorac? Creely Sent . Out Into the Ileaert. Fourteen years ago Horses Greely was chiefly instrumental in sending a colony of 100 families to Colorado to make an experiment iu farming in that almost rain- 1 less desort hy means of irrigation. They I went forth from the eastern States under j the guidance of Mr. Meeker-the same man who was afterwards massacred by the Indians. The colony located on the Cache la Pondre creek, which is fed by tho melting snows of Long's Peak. The town of Grcely was laid out in 1870 not far from where tho creek empties into tho South Platte river, and is fifty-five miles north of Denver and about the same distauco south of Cheyenne, aud is sumo twenty or .hirty miles out in tho plain east of the nouutain raugo. Sev eral other streams flow out cf the Long's l'oak group of the ltocky mountains and empty into the Platte near Greely. The first year waa devoted to erecting shanties and digging a long canal ano latiera! ditches. Tho second year some crop waa raised ; the third year every green thing waa devoured to the last blade by the grasshopper plague. This was in 1873. Many of tho colonists, becoming discouraged, sold out their improvements tor what they could get, shook tho dust of Greely off their feet, and returned to their eastern homes. Hut other boldor and tougher men took tho place of the despondent "tenderfeet." The struggle for existe'.ce continued, bul in a lillie while moro abundant crops began to reward tho efforts of the colo nists. Tho Greely sottement is now the most prosperous and happy community in the whole of Colorado, and the town ?B the handsomest iu tho State. The first canal constructed was twenty feet wide and thirty miles long, and ca pable of watering 00,000 acres of land. Sinco then oiher canals have been con structed and large areas of country laid uuder water. Greeley now contains upward of 3,000 inhabitant", living in 600 hundred nice houses, embowered in shade trees and each with its fruitful gardon. One of tho best hotels in tho State is there ; a Chicago man has estab lished a National bank ; there aro two well conducted newspapers, several flour mills and other manufactures, and last year so much wheat was raised in tho country that a good many thousand bushels of surplus were shipped east for a market. Tho Greeley colony having sot a successful example, numerous other colonies have followed in its foot-steps aud profited by its mistakes. It is now surrounded by such colony towns as Fort Collins, Evans, Longmont, Platteville, Loveland, Eaton, Wiudsor, Berthoud, Boulder, and Other towns all practicing ils methods. A citizen of Greely took me for a drive into the country to see farming by irrigation. We passed through scores of beautiful farms growing as fine crops as I ever saw in any country. Thero were numerous wheat fields that will produce more than thirty bushels per acre-not small patches, but fields of twenty to 100 acres of magnificent wheat | other fields were covered with oats, which will yield forty to sixty bushels of excellent quali ty. There was a great deal of corn look ing fairly well, and which will produce thirly or thirty-five bushels per acre. Cora is the poorest crop grown, and tho best ouc is alfalfa, a species of clover, which grows with wonderful luxuriance, producing three or four crops a year, and each culling averaging two or two and a half lons of hay to tho acre. When I took the ride the farmers were mowitig alfalfa fur the second t*m&ihia season, and they will make hay BgaTfli toward tho last of August, and some of them twice before winter. Everybody testified to tho excellent character ot this feed and its nutritious quality for cattle and milk cows. It is fed to hogs, and fattens them rapidly. Several farmers assured mo that one acre of alfalfa will produce as much fodder as fivo or six acres of clover, timothy or blue grass in tho Eastern States. (Illinois, Kentucky and Indiana are called Eastern States.) Thero is a perfect furor for alfalfa in Colorado, ana thousands of acres were sown with its seed this spring around Denver and Greely. Once fairly rooted in the ground it grown and produces for nearly a lifetime without renewing. One of ita peculiarities is that it strik ? duwu into the soil a tap root in search of veter tb an astonishing depth. Tho routs of five year old alfalfa, are found to have penetrated ten feet, and in some instances even deeper. It is the remarkable prop erty of going deep down iu search of moisture that makes the plant so valua ble in these dry regions. Alfalfa ts un doubtedly the fodder of the future on these arid plains wherever a little irriga tion to give it a start can be procured, It is a perfect success in Utah and Cali fornia, and is proving to be the same in Colorado and New Mexico. Tho most extensive system of irrigation at present in the State is ia the country around Greeley foi- twenty or thirty miles. Tht quantity of land tlr.it can how bo wet ii t?ot far from 200,00i) aerea, which Ss more than all the irrigated land in Ulah at the present time. Tb? fsrms ia thi Greeley region mostly exceed eight j acres and some several hundred. Thc Utah farms of the Saints consist o patches of a dozen acres or a score a most ; but they are very carefully tiller and watered. A Chat With Bayci'd. '.'I do not recollect any National can vasa that was so dull st thia time of th< year. As a uaual thing all the issues ar made up by tbis lime aud the csmpaigi is well under way in all the State? Now there are hot a half dozen States ii which the campaign bas become anima ted. The fight is warm in Ohio, but i is owing to the October election." >1 "To what do you attribute this unprc cedeoted dullness?" asked the JPott coi respondent. "To a lack of sharp divisions betwee tbe two parties," replied tbs 8enatoi "Of course there are issues, but the lack the intensity which bsa marked tb issues of tho psst campaigns. Tbe Rt publicans made a systematic and detei mined effort to revive the bloody shh issue, but they failed. The Sherma outrage committee wss organized-for thi distinct purpose, but tbe scheme did nt work. The tranquility of the counlrj North snd South, is so apparent that th people saw through the thin disguise < thia partisan conspiracy to kindle sne the flame of sections! animosity." TL issue of reform, concluded the Ssoato "ia tbs paramount question sod it is tl only ono that will grow in popular inte eat till tbs dav of election. The fin great need of thia country ia honesty i tho administration of the government. -Senator Bayard in the Houston Post. - Mr. Joseph E. Glean, of Helen Newberry County, wss struck in tbs. sj by so umbrella, which wss blows again bim by the wind, Isat week, and tl sight waa destroyed. Ce lost bia otb? sys years ago. - Who ever heard of a hatband pla; ing a tunef Slaves of a Degrading And Unit.nllr.tnr; Habit. It wat? stated recently in a boston pa per that inquiry among some of tho leading physicians of that city has elic ited the fact that the opium habit has long been recognized by them as ono of tho great evils of society. It exists chiefly among the middle classes, but is unhappily confined to no rank or condi tion of men, and includes BIDUVO; its victims even members of the medica' profession ffhosc knowledge of tho dangerous char acter of the drug would naturally be mpposcd to -li .er them from indulging ?u its uso. A prominent physician ol Boston, who ivas questioned on tho subject, says : "I believe that the practico of taking .pium is on the increase It ia difficult 0 get a good idea of how far the habit is .rovulent, for the tendency of opium ising is to make men stealthy and deceit ful, so that thc cases which the doctors real arc exceptional once. Vc.y often nen ?re led into tho habit by having aken opium in some form to roiiovo iain. I had ono case, that of a young nan who had been suffering from a >ainful disease, and having a certain .mount of work to do in a given time ook opium to enable hin'1 to accomplish be task-. He succeede'., i ut found linn ell' a slave to the hal I I treated him br it, and ho profe' 5e?l to bo willing to bl low my directions. He was taking en graius a tb <. when he came to me, iud i began to reduce tho dose. He took t in tho form of a hypodermic injection, ind pledged himself to taku ouly the loso which I would put in tho syringe. . commenced reducing ac the rate of a enth of a grain a day. If I reduced at 1 greater rate he would fee! it, and would >c after me na carly as 4 o'clock in the norning to givo bim another doso. Ho vould uot abide by my treatment, but (sod to buy laudanum and drink it. Of :ourse, under these circumstances I could lo nothing for him. He finally commit ed suicide, as nearly all opium eaters do it last. The habit leads to a condition >f melancholy, with suicidal tendencies. "I have known people to do without ho necessities of lifo to satisfy the iravings of their appetite for opium. The old woman, dependent on a charl able institution, used lo nell what she ;ot ns a chai ?ty each mouth in ordor to my the drug. People who are slaves to be habit will do anything to appease heir cravings. "I consider that Ibo prevalenco ot tho ice is largely due to carelessness in pre cribing by physicians. I nm very care ul not to label medicines containing pium in such a way as to let the pati nts know what they are taking, or to ive them the opportunity to duplicate ho prescription. Some people are afraid 0 take a prescription with opium in it, nd I am frequently questioned on the ubject by my patients. I do not know f any cases of opium smoking outside f thu 'joints,' but the drug is taken in arious other ways. Sometimos it is iii he form of laudanum, at other times it 1 tho er:<de opium, and very often it is n the form of morphia. Tho method sunlly depends on the way in which the ?clim first formed the habit. The hy podermic injection is ns common a form s any." "I think the habit of opium taking has ery much increased in the last twenty ive years," was the opinion of another hysician. "In proportion to the miln er of opium users a great many aro to o found among the physicians. I know f four cases among my own personal cquaintances. In one case the result as been fetal in causing prostration. In nether thc result h&s been suicido. -The ther two are living, but ruined mon. ill these men were physicians. It is trange that of all men the doctors hon ld beoomo victims, but it is so. Tho plum habit is far worse than the habit f excessive use of alcohol, as regards be hold it lakes upon one. Tho liquor abit bears about the same relation to pium that tea and coffee do to liquor." ? Still another Boston physician adds bis j estimony, as follows : t "The carelessness of physicians in .-escribing and the uso of patent medi ines containing a large proportion of pium are powerful sources of the for iation of the habit. Opium is ono of be most valuable of drugs, but must be rescribed with intelligence, or It be omes one of the most dangerous. The lajority of the men who are addicted to be vice become so through having taken hs drug to relieve pain. We sometimes ave reason to suspect the opium habit . ben there are no means of proving iL "hose who are addicted to it ire secretive nd deceptive, and lake great pains to eep the fact concealed from ue. We iad one patient whom we attempted to reat, and he professed to be willing to o-operate with us, but after a while we iscovered that he had a box of opium d?s concealed in bis bed. and was thus ounteracting all we did. The opium abit is infinitely worse than alcoholina) iiquor is aa infant and opium ls a giant Vhen a mau bas been addicted to the abit for three of more years be ia [frac ?cally incurable. He bas not the will tower to co-operate, and without the co pe??tioa of the patient the opium habit .-innot, under ordinary conditions, be uccessfully treated. "The proportion of opium ysers, bow ver, is greater muong the womei; thss moog tba mea, sud in macy crees wo neo form the habit ttr the sake of the limulus. It ia more couveoieui, tban [qnor and )?ss liable to be detected. I lave beard the nt atom cut m? Je that actory girls io a town io this. State were n the habit of buy i og three, or four unces of laudanum after they got paid iff for the week, and with this they Fould have a regular 'opium drunk.' "When a mao bas the opium habit, be cure is not a question of weeks, but f months, And to be cured at all be nust.be kept under surveillance, so that ie cannot elude bis physicians and coo* iou? tho habit. Otherwise bia will tower to reform ia goos and bia moral ense is destroyed, so that be will eves teal la order to get the drug. The only ase I ever treated successfully, waa that f a mau who bad been ar* dieted to tho labit for about three m m tbs. I had mises with bim day am' night, so that ie had no chanco to r-o euro the drug, nd io bia case I atoned tbs supply st ace. If I had e cate of three or four ears' standing, I would want at least a earls which to treat the patient, and ftcr. that I would weat him to take a aug sea voyage, not merely aa a passeri er, but with something to occupy bia rind. Ail tb ero treatments would squire money, and those who have the leann can have treatment, in private ayloms. The public ioatitotioua do not rcat cases of thia bind, and it is a blas utlook for those who are poor. "With the exception of tho caso I havo aentioaed all my opium patients have eoe away uncured. They would remain t>r a ahort time and iesve, saying they rere ail right I could not detain them nd so they returned to tho habit. "I do oot know how the opium babit an be.dealt with bylaw. Opium can '0 'jought by anyone, and ever, if the ?discriminate safe of lt were forbidden, pium osera would cont ri vo to obtain li The only way in wbicb a victim can be properly treated ia by putting himself in proper care in each a way that bo cannot leave until a good result is obtained." Why A Cb?ngo Is Needed. In tlie course of his speech nt Munich, Ind., Saturday, ex-Governor Hendricks Raid : "It is now twenty five years that the Republican party have controlled the administrative and executive affair* of the country, and it is of tho first impor tance that you and I should consider the question whether that is not as long as one set of men ought to continue in ab solute control. In other word", the question is before us, ought there not to be a change? That is the first question that strikes your attention ann mine. How much has transpired, since tho Republican party carno into power? And I do not cliooso to iucludo in that period nf the war. I ask your attention only for the last nineteen years, during which that party has controlled tho administra tivo and executive affairs of the country. [ could not find figures or words to expresa to you the-vnormou* sums of money that havo been collected aud the enormous iums of money that have been paid out. [ will refer by way of illustration only to ino year, the laHt year, as reported by tho Secretary of the Treasury. The collections and expenditures amounted to $668.000,000. Tho history of those transactions is found in tuony thousand volumes, and they were recorded by many thousands of men-men belonging to mc party only. No Democrats navo jeen allowed to participate in any nf thc iflairs of tho country. I speak in sub it?neo ; nu occasional Democrat may tave been allowed an office, but for the great purposes of administrativo affairs n* the Government Democrats have been rigidly excluded, and to you mon tho pjestmn is presented now: Ought tbero ?o? to be a change? Who knows what is ivrong in the nooks r Bhall they be >pened ? Shall them be an opportunity Tor ?B to Un ow what has been wrong in be records of the country, so that we nay know whether it is well or ill with ho country. May I ask vour attention to another illustration of this subject? I lo tot claim that tho ono political party, n toe firnt place, in its organization, is probably any more honest lunn tho other, tf we had no political parties in this country ard were going to establish two political parties, and were to run a iiue brough '.his crowd, and tho mou on U.t*t lido were to be of one party und the mon m this side of the other party, the :hauces are there would bo just as many lonest men on one side as on tho other, md as many rogues on ono aide, perhaps, ts on tbe other. "Rut take another step in this thought. juppoBt this party comes into power and t bedbmcs established that it is going to 'etain its power for twenty years, to have be control of tbe offices, tho control ol' he monty ??nd of the country, don't you ieo that all the rogues nn this sid* cvould ; rmln ally como OTT aud join the strong >ide? Isu't that buni?j nature? Ana nore than that, don't you know that as hey carno over they would gradually limb tho honest men on this side back ind bnck until they would tako the con roi of the dominant party themselves? lo a very largo extent that would prove o be tho human nature of tho case. "I havo one step further to go in this irgu~'ent. I am trying to establish the imposition that there ought now to bo a hange. I do not know wby the Repub icaus for tba last nineteen years bavo aid to every Democrat, 'You shall bavo to position in tba control of tho affaira if government.' Tbay have seen fit to iccupy that position-a cruel, proacrip ive policy, excluding every man that ltd not agree with them. And what do 'ou think of it, my countrymen? Bhall t be continued any longer ? To what a ondi tion have we come ? I refer now o the statement made by Mr. Calkins, he Republican candidate for Governor, n bis speech at Richmond n week ago. ie said we now have $400,000,000 in he Treasury. Do you know now he ame to say that? He said that by way >f braggadocio, by way of a taunt to democrats. He said that the Republican tarty when it came into power found an ?mpLy Treasury, abd now it baa $400, 100,000 In the Treasury. Do you want o bear me expresa my opinion of what s the fortunate condition of tbe couo ry ? Well, it is not in having a Tren ury ove/flowing ; it is not in collecting rom %h? people untold millions of mona? bat it may bo hid away in tbe vaults of ho Treasury. "What right bas the Government to 1400,000,000 of tho people's money that t has no occasion to use in tho adminia ration of United States affaira? What rould be tbe effect if taxes were reduced o that the money would come back into 'our pockets and into tbe channela of rade? Don't you know that it would ti mu? ato enterprise?" Three neala a Day. An ?nglish writer gives some much? leeded advice as to the times and fro juency of meals. In bin opinion the iresent usual practice of three meals, a lay baa good reason, as well aa custom, n its fr.vor. Wheii work of any kind is >elng Jone, whether mental or bo?i? r, be intervals between taking food should lot be so long as to entail demands on be.system when its store of material for hr generation of forc? is exhausted. 'in ordinary full meal, in the case of a lealtby man, is generally considered to iave been completely digested and to lave passed out of the stomach. , In bur hours. A period of rest should ben be granted to the stomach. Attuni ng that two hours are allowed for thia, be interval between one meal and anoth >r would be six hours; and this accords vith the experience of mont men. Do ing rest a?d sleep there is less waste go og on, add especially during sleep there sa greatly diminished activity bf all th?' unctions of tbe body. Tbe ' interval, here foro, between tho last neal of one lay and the first of tbe niixt may bo onger, as It generally ls, than between he several day meals." Assuming thrit >re?kfaat be taken between 8or 9 o'clock, here should bon mid-day meal about I ir 2. Tho character of tb ls must d?pend m the nature of tbe day's occupation ind the convenience of the individual. >i?th women and children this ts gener> illy their hungry time, and the midday epast, whether called luncheon or cl fl ier, fa the chief meal. So it is with the niddle and laboring class?s, for the most >art. But for UH. merchants, profession ll men and others, whose occupations aka them from home all tho day, thia ls neonvenieut, a;id, moreover, it is not ound conducive to health or comfort tb aka a loll meal in the midst of tho day ?o work. There can, however, be DO doubt .hat much evil arises from attempting to ?o through the day without food, and iban with exhausted powers sitting down to a hearty meal. Something of ia light, saay, digestible, bui sustaining diameter, mould be taken toward 1 or S o'clock. -. Contempt of court-The small boy abb hangs around the parlor anti makes ?aces at bia big sister's beau, rsr: Tempting Bait lionised. ALBANY, September 6.-Tho move ments of ex-Senator Roscoe Conkling thia week have been watched very closely by Coliticinns here, who believe that imper mt political development* relativo to tho action of the old Stalwart faction io this State may be expected soon. Mr. Conkling passed through this city this afternoon, on his way from Utica to New York. Ho was accompanied by ex Sec retary Geo. O. Gorham, and was met at tho station by John F. P-uyth and two or three other political friends, who held a twenty minute conference with him. Mr. Conkling turned a deaf ear to the report ers, and declined to say a single word about tho political situation or his own course in the campaign. There in good authority, however, for stating that over tures have been made to him by intimate friends of Mr. Ulai ne, neting with his knowledge, to take a hand in the contest in New York. Two or three speeches were all that was asked. Thc original pinn provided for u grand ratification meeting in New York shortly after the Maine ele'rion. Mr. Blaine, flushed with a glori >UR victory in the I'ino Tree State, was ti be present, and Mr. Conk ling was to I e the principal orator. Under these brilliant auspices thc Republican campaign in this Stufe was to be inaugu rated. Tho effect, it was expected, would bo similar to that caused four years ago, when tho sulking Achilles left his tent and, with Gen. Grant, took up the Gar field banner and mnde a' victorious charge on tho Democratic hosts in Ohio and Indiana. In return for his services Mr. Cockling, it ia rumored, is tb have DO opposition fruin Mr. Blaine's follow ers in tho Legislature- next winter when the time for the election of United States Senator arrives. Tho scheme was not lacking in authority, the feast was tempt ing, hut unfortunately tho "turkey gob bler" declined to enter the trap, mid public reconciliation with his hated rival was too humiliating to Mr. Coukling's pride. Ho will neither tako the Htump for the Republican ticket, nor consider any bargains with the "Plumed Knight." Whether his energies will he nctivelv exerted in any other direction this Fail cannot yet be nnccrtained. Tho reports of the Stalwart manouvres to capturo the next Assembly showed that tiie ex Senator's friends were carly in tho field. . It has been since learned that in several districts the Blaine mana gers, expecting thnt tho plan of harmony outlined above would ho carried out, bau arranged slates on which tho names of prominent Stalwarts figured as the chosen candidates tor Congress and Assembly. Any sacrifice.i were lo to be made to pla cate the anti-Maine wing. Votes for Mr, Blaine were sorely needed, and tho breaches in tho Republican ranks bad to be repaired nt any cost. Within the past fiiw'daya it has been whispered that the pre-arranged elates havo been broken and that it is anuounced that if the Stalwarts want i he Assembly they will h?ve'.to Tight for it. One theory is that the Stal warts have discovered that their early work had been so effective that no aid from tho Blaine men is required. They bud outwitted slow Warner Miller, and can now anao their fingers at the advan ces made by 'that crowd. Another rumor is that a combination baa been formed by Senator Miller and his adherents on one side, and Chairman James D. Warren und part of the Stalwarts on the other, by which the Hon. Chauncey M. Dopew fa to be put in Senator Lapham'? seat, and the Warren party i-J to be recognized in the distribution of patronage by tho next Administration. In either case Mr. ?jOtik?Rfi?? Btitlwsii "indira Mil ba flying ID the air" atan early date.-Especial to 'he New York Tiir.ei. ib . ^. ? Corn-Starch Sugar. - The starch-sugar industry; in tba United States consumes dally 40,000 aushebt of coro abd produces grape sugar tod glucose Byrup of tho yearly value of MO.000,000. There are thirty factories io the United States, furnishing their product to brewers and for the manufac ture of table ayrup and the adulteration >f cane sogar. It is also largely-.used in junfeotionerr, ia cunning fruits, making* fruit jollies, and ia cooking. Artificial louey is made of it, and so, also, la vina ;ar. In Fran*? and Germany potato itarch is used instead of corn, tho latter sountry consuming: o vor 70,000 tona of itarch and making. 40,000,000 ?iona of torch ?agar. The industry is and ocreas ng OBS, and is another of the rainy eon rioutions of chemical technology to tho .vealtb of nations, In 1811 Kirchhoff irepared sugar from starch by tho pres* ?nt process, which consiste? JD brief, of jxtractiDg tho .pure starch from corn.or lotatoes, transforming this into sugar by Stiiient with dilute acid, purifying and i co ncc nt rat i nc tho product to either -lucoso syrup or crystalline grape sugar. By this process fifty-six pounds of oom .viii yield thirty pounds of Btarch sogar, the rest being used for entile food, aa it la rich in nutritive mattera. The i corn ia steeped . in hot irater for loverai doyo, ground botweon burr stones, the eUrch separated on silk sieves, cleaned >y alkaline wat cr? and ' Separated from ? the waters by deposition. ' Thf conver don Into sugar may be socotr jed 'by ! rarious acids. ID practice, o nd o n c - balf pounds of sulphuric acid ...il change IOJ pounds of starch into sugar after a mort boiling witb the dilute acid. The . icid mixture is neutralized with marble lust, decolorized by' filtering , through JO ne black, and-ia ready for tho market a? i colorless liquid or as enow-whito'crys tals. When 'made into table syrup it i? nixed with cane ny rup to -give it flavor md tone, the cane syrup - being used much as butter is to givo bovine qualities io oleomargarine. For brewing .'it is n very imperfect substitute for barley''malt, ia it ls deprived of the nitrogenous bodies and mirerai salts originally con tained io the coro.- For tho adulteration, jf brown cane sugars, grape,auger* is idded to tho extent of twenty or moro per cent. 'But as the adulterant is; per fectly harmless nothing la lost except in taste, ns glucose only bas two-thirds tho sweetening power of cane sugar, i By.no commercial process can all tho starch be changed into glucose, about five per cent, remaining as i otes mediate prodnct.5, mainly maltose and dextrine, which, though harmless to the human system, baye no sweetening power.--In?iai{apol?i Tourn?t. . ' , ^ %\\ t - -U-A correspondent of tho Memphis Appeal, in furnishing a sketch of the late fjeperal >h. Pope. Walker, matea tho following statement, which the Macon SGa.) Telegraph andM?ienger ?aya la ho loa bt correct f "Fifteen, y eave ago Geni Walker gave a graphic and interesting history of tho cabinet meeting tho night before Fort Sumter was bombarded, and . in that conversation nald a high compil aient to General Robert Toomba of Georgia. General Toomba, with all bio impetuosity, vlolenUy Apposed the M; sault. General Walksraaid; hb wt?ed tho ik,or like a. caged lion, and suddenly straightening hlmcelf up in all bia phy sical ?nd intellectual gron?'cur, ho im ploringly said : Gentlemen, ? beseech you to panse and i-oflect before you give e.n ord^ r which will shake tho continent ?nd dr* ach* thc land ht blood.'1