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. b. MUltiXA* ?S ?JO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 2, 1882. VOLUME XVIT.-NO. OQ (aliLOWS FOR GUITEAU. ly ami r?oo<l ..?t (PPFUV VKKWCT Ol' "GUILTY AS PE INDICATE?." Cloting Scenes of tile Trial. ADUISOTON. January 25.-Judge er resumed Iii? argument in the .au tri"1 to-day ana reviewed tho monv of John W. Gutteau. The mer interrupted him continually exclamations such ns "That's a lio, ?ffiu'rc ft blood*l?lR?i," *cc. lie becarwo ?Hiolent and uoisy that it wns with the HLst iliiliculty the bailiffs could quiet B Tho interruptions of thc prisoner Hsljised in violence and frequency till, ?iforced by an objection from gco BB| lnc clamor and din for a moment ?inbled ft BCiall Babel. Judge Porter B&inued bis argument amid a struggle Kake bis voice heard against tho Huir n? j vi'e a0UB0 of the prisoner. ^Klosed at 3 o'clock, and, in conclu B said: "He who has ordained that ^Si'aii iii"c be shielded by human law Bf, duaiso crime presides over your Bb?.ration*! a,lU tne verdict which you HS vive to-day will be recorded where ?are all to como at the great day. I ?Li the verdict will be prompt, and B uphold thc majesty of tho law and Bet credit upoa your integrity, and Bu thc warning shall reach nil lauds, Rt political murder shall not be per Bltcd to avengo political wroDgs 01 Ble political disputes. ? trust you will ?discharge your duty that by your nc Bi at 'east political assassination shall K no sanction to make it a precedent Beater nud I hope the timo will come Ben by international agreements thc Br shall ho so strengthened that polili B assassination shall find no refuge Be. The assassin of Garfield knew Kt against tho law of God ho wai Biking with bloody hands into the Bise of life ; hut be did not know thal B?r h?3 grave, if grave he is to have Budd be writteu this inscription : "Thc Bvo of tho cowardly assassin, tin Kindler mid the murderer." He did Ht know that when Garfield yielded up R life that hand that aimed that pistol Bainst his life wrote tho name of Jnmet WGarfield in characters of living lighl Son a firmament os radiant as if every ?ter was traced in living stars." Kludge Cox then read his charge to the ?ry. Ile commenced by saying that the nnstitution proved that in all criminal Eoseculions the accused shall enjoy tlx Sght of a speedy and public trial by ar Bpartisl jury in tho ?tato and districi Rere the crime shall bavo been com Silted, that he shall be informed of th< ?use and nature of the accusatioi Bainst him, that be Bhall be confroutet Rh thc witnesses against him, that hi Bil have compulsory process to obtuit Rnesses in his favor, and that he shal rave thc assistance of counsel in his de Ree. Those provisions wero intendei ra the protection of thc innocent fron Hustice and oppression, and it was onh H their faithful observance that guilt o Bpocence could bc fairly ascertained Hery accused person was presumed te ? innocent until thc accusation wai Rived. With what difficulty and trou H the law had been administered in thi Hsent case the jurors had been daib Hnesses. It was, however, a consola Rn to think that not ono ol those sacr?e Harantees of thc Constitution had beei Histed in the person of tho accused ? last thc long chapter of proof wa Hied, the task of the advocate wa Rc, and it now rested with tho jury t Hermine the issuo between public jua f?? and thc prisoner at the bar. No on Bid feel more keenly than himself lb It responsibility of bia duties, and li (hat he could only discharge them bj ><e adherence lo the law a? lui n by the authorities. Before pre Hog further he wished to notice a dent which had taken place pendin recent argument. The prisoner ha uently made declarations that publi lion, as evidenced by the press an espondence, was in his favor. Thos arations could not have been pre cd except by tho process of gaggin prisoner. Any suggestion that th could be intluenced by auch lawlet ;ering of tho prisoner would hav ied to him ab?urd, and ho slr ul i felt that he was insulting tho i.' nee of tho jury if he had warne i not to regard them. Counsel ha it necessary, however, in tho fin: rgument to interpose n contindiction t ich statements. An exception had bee tun on the part of tho accused to th ?rm In which that effort was miidi or the sole purpose of purging th icord of any objectionable matter h lould simply say that anything whic id been said on either side iu referent, i public excitement or to newspups ?Inion was not to be regarded by th ry. Tho Judge-then went into au eh irate statement of tho law in regard t urder and its application to this pai cular case. Ar4'40 p- m- tliejl,ry retired. After the jury had been out nboi ?enty minutes, n recess was taken unt 30, and in ten minutes afterward tl iry called to tho bailiff that they wei iS'iy with a verdict. They were oblige > await tho return of Judge Cox. I romptly ou time thojudgo called tl "ut to order and a verdict waa render? i guilty. Mr. Scoville der-arded a poll of tl ?ry, which was glinted and each r< ponded, "Guilty," ns his name wi "lea. As tho last man answered Gu ?u shrieked, "My blood will bo upc ie head of that jury, don't you forgi Again Guiteau, who from thc momei ?.age Cox began tho delivery of h ""go, had dropped completely his a ? flippant arrogance, and ?sat with rigi tatures. ?Jud|je Cox then turned to tho jiu Od said : "Gentlemen of tho jury, innot express too many timuka for tl: winer in which you have discharge our duty. You have richly m?rite .e thanks of your countrymen, ar uh .thanks, gentlemen of tito jury, 'amiss yorj." :*w ?hu Verdict was Rendered In M tourt Kooru.-Opinions Turouhout tl Country Regarding- It-the Case Specnli ?ed Upon. WASHINGTON, January 26.-Tho di ?ches from the various cities report tl uiteau verdict promptly bulletined an wived by tho people almost withoi 'ception with satisfaction and relic ie incidents of the rendering of tl raietwere anxiously watched. Aft< ^Jury had bceii out about twenty mil ?a recess was taken until half-pa 6. ? clock. , Many of the nudienc jo...id virtually been imprisoned sim "?.ra?, nine in the morning, avaih eV1-.'ves or tho opportunity to obtni ^" air and lunch. The prisoner, i * request had betm allowed, soon aft. e jury left the court-room, to rotiro nitlo room ho has occupied since tl began as a waiting room during r dn 0 0 .e*v-n? tho court room, 1 .need considerable nervousness, b on K- 8away to comparativo seel ni his usual composure and assuran ??? relurrjcd to him. He sont out f me/PP*df.?vltii.'which ho treated li 'endants, meanwhilo, chatting familia j g?^ir?' ***""- * Within ten minutes after the recess nul heen taken, the iury called to aI blt . Lei "ss ;rg T,at tf,oy W?re read? ^ 1 a recos? h'd 1 7^,WCre in,foro,ed tha' , a rcccf,fl had been taken and JudT Cox md left the court room, so they remained ? ta their room until the court reR?.emb cd I xu.w,ru,,1<,r that thejury had agreed was j quickly spread from one to another and "?d "owd? ?.-"-ged back into tho court room, and anxiously awaitod what all seemed to expect, a verdict of guilty The musty, antique room is devoid of i gas and the score or moro of candles j Wh Ch had been placed upon the desks' or the judge, counsel and reporters, im parted a weird and fancifully unnatural aspect to the grim old place. Tho shad ows thrown upon thc dark background of the walls seemed like flitting spectres to usher In thc, sombre procession of those who held In their hands thc dcsti ny of a human life. First came tho prisoner with a quick nervous step, and as he bested himself in the dock, per linos, lor the last time, the light, of tho solitary candle fell full upon his face, arid disclosed its morn li ? usual pallor Not a tremor of the limbs or movement of tho muscles of tho face was observa ble, as he threw back his head and fixed his gnze upon the door, through which the jury were to enter. Judge Cox soon afterward took his seat. Tho criercalled order ' and the jury at 5:35 flied slowly into their seatB. Every sound was hushed, save the voice of the clerk as he propounded1 lo the foreman the usual inquiry. Clear and distinct came the reply, We have." . "W bat '.s youi verdict ? Quilty or not guilty?" With equal distinctness came the re ply. "Guilty as indicted." Tho pent-up feelings of thc crowd found expression in uproarous demon strations of applause and approval. "Order! Order'" shouted tho bailiffs. Scoville and the counsel for the prosecu tion were simultaneously upon their feet. Scoville attempted to uddrcss the court, but the District Attorney shouted, "Wait till we have tho verdict complete and in due form of law." Order was at length restored and tho clerk again addressing tho jury said : "Your foromau says guilty iniimicted. So say all of you ?" "We do," all responded. Another demonstration of approval followed this announcement, but not so long ns the first. Scoville, still upon his feet, demanded a poll of the jury, which was granted, and each juror was called by name, and each in a firm voice promptly responded, "Guilty." As the last namo was called, the prisoner shrieked : "My blood will be upon the head of that jury ; don't you forget it." Scoville again addressed the court, sav ing: "Your Honor, I do not desire to forfeit any right I may have under the law aud practice in this District. Il there is anything that I ought to do now to save those rights, I would bo indebted to your Honor to indicate it to me." Judge Cox, in reply, assured him thal ho should hav? every opportunity ; thal the charge would b'o furnished him in print, ana he would be accorded all thc time allowed by law within which to file his exceptions, and that he would alsc be entitled to four dnya within which te move au arrest of judgment. Gusten.u, who, from thc moment Judge Cox began the delivery of his charge had dropped completely his air of inso lent arrogance, and sat with rig'd air anc compressed lips, called out in tones o desperation, "God will avenge this out . rage." Now the famous trial, which has ab sorbed public interest nnd attention foi moro than ten weeks, was ended. Th? crowd quickly loll the court room, une tho ?prisoner, gesticulating with hi; manacled bauds, was led out. As lu passed the reporters' tables he lcance over and caliea out io au acquaintance "Tho court in bann will reverse thia busi nesa." His appearance was that of < man deeply moved with indignation a some outrage or indignity which hac been put upon him. As ho was beinj put in the van, a crowd of men aud boy yelled and shouted themselves hoarse ii mockery of the prisoner's constant boost "The American press and peo; ) are al with me." The van was quickly driver away, followed, until out of sight, by tin jeers and yells of the crowe'. Ho chattel with tile driver and thc guards. Said hi waa satisfied with the charge of thi Judge; that it waa very fair on ?ego points, but that the jury had gone bael on him aud brought in a verdict contrary to the ovidence. On entering the jail lu threw off his coat and laughingly callee out, "Well, boys, they brought in a ver diet against me, but I'll get a new tria and upset all this business, and don't yoi forget it." Ho ate his supper as usual and as far ns could bc Lamed slep soundly last uigbt. This morning hi called for tao papers and, though some what thoughtful arid disinclined to tall j much, maintained that it would all com out right; that Arthur WBB his friend and the Americau people would not Ie ? him sutler. At one limo he repeated hi assertion of yesterday: "If they bani me this nation will go down in blood." Scoville will on Saturday file a bill ii arrest of judgment, and for a new triu on exceptions. The law gives tho defen dont four days to file n motion and rca sons for a new trial, and it is customar for the court to ?it some days to bea argument thereon. Should this motio bo overruled, tho defendant will appen to the general term, and under the lai tho defendant is entitled to a suspeusio of senteuco until after the next genera term, not exceeding thirty days. Th January general term is now in sessior aud tho cn-c cannot go there, but will li appealable to tho April term. It is th custom of the April term to run mit September, taking o recess over July on August, but should it be closed by th latter part of May, then, if themdgmer ia affirmed, tho execution misjht tak place in Juiy. ... Tho news that tho verdict had bee rondered in the Guitenu case brought th people out of their homes, notwilhstanc inc tho iuclemont weather, and the hoti lobbies were thronged. Naturally th trial waB almost tho only topic of convei sation, and so far ns expressions nt plac? of public resort could bo heard, the vc: diet was universally approved and th jury highlv commended. It is evidei that Mrs. Scoville was entirely mistake in her Opinion that the people of Was! iogton were divided into two classes, ot believing tho prisoner should bo acqui ted on the ground of insanity and ti other desiring his conviction. If thei aro anv who believe Guiteau insane, the aro not openly expressing that opmio to night. Tho general conviction is thi a now trial will not be granted, and tl indications aro that even the counsel f< tho defenso do not indulge in any sue hope. Scovillo sahl that tho next roovcmei in tho Guitoftu caso would bo a motic for a now trial, which ho expect? to fl Saturday. Thc main points on which it will he hayed are that tho jury erred io rendering a verdict contrary to law: and they erred in rendering a verdict con trary to evidenco ; that Judge Cox, in his charge, did not base it upon nil the evidence, and the jury during the (rial read newspapers aud had conversations with outside persons. Should thc motion be deuied, an appeal will be taken to the court in bane in April. Referring tc the verdict, Scoville said that, after bearing Judge Cox's charge, he was not surprised that the jury ren dered a verdict of guilty. No one believes tho smallest chance exista fora new trial, ami although Sco ville asserts that he shall exhaust every legal remedy before giving up the case, pis appearance and conversation plainly indicate that he entertains but very little hopo of s verting tho impending doom of tho assrs'jin. Thc only really sanguine, person is probably the prisoner himself. Guiteau has given to the presa another address to tho American people. It is of much the samo character ns his for mer one, but is much more coherent and logical. Ho explains the causes of his conviction, which be says he intends to reverse, and to this end ho appeals for money contributions. HOTV Shall Convicts be Utilized. In an extensive review of the convict question, published in the Greenville Newt, the Hon. George 1). Tillmnn, member of Congress from the Fifth Dis trict, takes the position that the State can so regulate the penal institutions aa to nccompl.sb tb-ee grand objects: 1st. To carry out a vast system of what may he called internal improvements, such as the building of railronds and re claiming ?wnmp lands. 2d. To crento a largo and permanent public school fund. 3d. To at the samo time humanely govern ber crimioals, while-to the best advantage-reforming thoir morals and deterring others imitating their example. Mr. I illmnn contends that South Caro lina's present method of dealing with offenders against her laws is the most expensive and ill-advised of that?of any State in the Union. It ic very simple, and has but one central idea for each of her two classes of criminals : lat. To let petty offendcrs,Bentenced by Trial Justices to thirty days in jail, eat up the substance of thc people without doing any labor to repay the cost of their prosecutions or keep ; 2d. To let out Penitentiary convicts lo the highest bidder. Either petty offenders should be hired out to a contrac tor for repairing tho public highways, or they should be let out to some railroad or corporation in the county. Otherwise they should not be imprisoned at all, and the whipping p st should be revived for their special benefit. To let out convicts to the highest bidvicr, Mr. Tillmnn says, ia in many respects the very worst dispo sition that can bc made of them, because it virtually restores ante-bellum slavery as far as th? convicts nrecoucerned, since any one who pays the highest price for labor must necessarily exact thc utmost amount of toil, or lose by the bargain. Humanity and the spirit of the age for bid this. Common sense and the first elements of statesmanship also forbid it, because for tho State to let out convicta to the highest bidder is merely to make all thc money she can out of her criminal classes, without regard to their reforma tion or deterring others from imitating their example, and without regard to any general policy for developing the indus trial resources of tho country. The labor of the five hundred convicts thc State has Mr. Tillman est?males to be well worth ?100,000 a year, and itshould bc used for the permanent benefit of thc whole body politic and not for the pass ing good of any particular individual or interest. He contends that the State bas hundreds of vast water-powers which could be utilized 1 y thc employment of convict labor in their development ? that the million and a quarter acres of swamp lands in the low country could be re claimed by the construction of canals and dikes which convict labor could build with just private capital enough to guard, feed and clotho them, and that the con victs could be employed in the coustruc tiou of the projected railroads in thc St.-.te with great benefit to the public. Discussing tho question in its relation to the creation of a common fund for j educational purposes Mr. Tillmnn says: "South Carolina now has the opportunity | from her convict labor and phosphate ? beils, if she shall but be true to herself: and to the cnuse of popular education, j lo create within the next quarter of a | century a public school fund of which j any Com mon wealth might bo proud. It j is to be hoped our people will insist that a Constitutional Convention shall bc ( called, and that one of ita most important [ duties ?hall be to set apart forover for ' school purpos.es all surplus revenue from convicts aud phosphates." Mr. Tillman gives his views at great length and with much force. The treat- ( ment nod disposition of the convict labor of the State is a most important matter. | Any settlement of the question that will i do tho greatest good to tho largest nam- ? ber of people must commend itself to the consideration of all who feel an interest in ? the prosperity and thc proper ndmistra- i tion of the various public institutions. TUE PHENOMENAL FIDDLE.-Harry P. Cain, a violinist of some note, has recently come into possession of a rare \ treasure. It is nothing leas tliana violin made of wood that grew before the flood. . Somo forty years ago workmen engaged in j digging a" mill-raco through the farm owned by Daniel Bulla discovered, nt a j depth of six or .???ht feet beneath tho surface, the Irumc of a tree in a good j state of preservation. It was lying across ? tho linc of thc ince and they lind cutout a piece of it several feet long before they could go on with their work. Locai geologists nay that the wood is runny thou sand years old. Recently the wood was taken to A. B. Clnrfc, who was engaged in reparing a Cre- ' mona that was captured in tho siege of Mexico. Clark waa delighted. It waa the-very thing. He made models of the old Cremona and in the course of thrco months had given the finishing louches to the new violin. The belly waa of thc old nntidiluvian wood and tho back and neck of wavy maple, cut in Pennsyl vania fifty year? ago and rafted down tho Ohio to Cincinnati, and carried on to Dayton for an old cabinet maker, who waa never ablo to use it. The figure of the old instrurneut wa9 followed exactly, an ' hon the new one was finished it was au oxact fac-siinilc of those built by Stradivarius. When tho bow was drawn across it the two connoisseur* went into ocstacios of delight. The glue was barely sot aud the varnish waa still green, but when they played tho room was filled with tho richest, sweetest melody. There was an absence of tho thick, raw quality that marks a new violin. Tho notca came out sharp and clear, and when tho lower string.* were set vibrating they gave ont rich, mellow music that reminded them of tho violins of Amati and Guarncrius. - The pecan crop of Texas this year is valued at $2,000,000. MORE ABOUT THE OR ANO E. Facta nuil Figure* for Those Who aro In clined to Doubt. If. W. G., iii Atlanta Constitution. LAKE HABVEY, FEA., Jan. 1(5. "A man who owns a full-bearing grove of 1,000 trees, covering 20 acres of land, has a perfect independence for himself, for his wife, and for his children who live after him." It is clearly within the province of any mau of moderate, means and energy to secure this great boon. The quality most needed for such a venture is patience. A man who wants an orange grove must make up his mind to wait ten years be fore ho can realize the promiao of his enterprise. Aa to the cost I submit some figures given mo by Colonel Markham. Said he: "A man should not Btnrt nu orange grove and depend on making it support him while tue trees aro matu ring. The orange regiou is not worth a cont for anything but oranges. A man may raise his vegetables, but he can do nothing with corn, grain, cotton or grass." "What money would you say was rc qnircd ?" "No man ought to start with over 600 trees unless bc intends to hire some one to help him. This is all ho cnn r.tteud to, and this will make him independent for lifo when hp gets it in full bearing. A model investment, and one that could not fail to bring wealth and prosperity, would bc this: Let him tako $1,000 and buy twenty acres of good orango land at $50 an acre. Then let him get 500 young trees at 50 cents each. It would cost him 25 cents each to set them out. or say $500 for the trees and planting. Then for $1,000 bc could build a pretty good house. This would represent $2,500 out lay for his home and grove. To be safo make it $3,000. Then ho should have in cash $6,000 to support his family for six years. In thc fifth and sixth year ho might hope to get sonic return from his grove, but he should not count on this as part of his support. All thc revenue from tho grove for thc first five or six yean; should bo devoted to putting out new trees and in fertilizing and improv proving his placo. With what vegetables he could raise, and poultry, etc., ho ought to keep b?8 family very weil on the $1,000 a year. He might supplement this by working at a profession or trade when able, but he would need all bis cash. This would make $3,000 for his invest ment and $6,000 for his expenses, or $9,000 in all. Now, add $1,000 for exi ?oucies, and make tho total $10,000. 'his is aa little as any man ought to start with, and feel certain of getting through." "But," continued Colonel Markham, "soe what he would have when he got through. Ho would have five hundred trees in bearing and good for $2,000 in come for the seventh year and a steady increase until it reached $4,000 from the five hundred trees. But these five hun dred trees would ouly occupy about eight acres of his twenty. In the meantime be should have set out, say ono hundred uew trees a year, (at seventy trees to tho acre, tho trees twenty-six feet apart) uu til on seventeen acne of his twenty he bad one thousand trees rangiug from seven years to two in age. Thia property would then be worth $25,000 at least. In three more years, or ten years from starting, it would bo wo'ih probably $40,000, and would increase in value every year." "What would it represent?" "It would represent ten years work ant un investment of $10,000. Half of thia would bo invested the first year, the other $5,000 would bo used during the first six years na needed. This expenditure might be decreased by an active man, and tho result might be bettered by shrewd oue. But 1 put thc figures nt fair average, and even at this I do not think $10,000 or ten years time could be put anywhere that it would pay better, or more certainly." Colonel Markham's caution against a man without capital undertaking an orange grove is a wise one. From tho first day of planting the trees need cul tivation as long as they bear. A great many men with only capital enough to buy tho grouud and put out their trees have settled iu Florida and wa?;cd two or three years ouly to sec their trees die and themselves return to the homes they left. They were misled by the idea that they could scratch the soil and it would laugh a lmrvcst, and live like princes by hunting and fishing. Of course, failure has overtaken all such people. A num ber of poor men who are carpenters or mechanics, have built up fine properties by living cheaply and .slicking out a few orange trees whenever they had a surplus dollar. There is plenty of work for al i)K..it any workingman in Florida, and every orange tree he brings to maturity is worth from $"50 to $100, and will give liim from $5 to $10 every year. As they cost only 50 cents for three-year old seed lings, any hard working, economical me chanic ought lo put out fifty or a hun dred a year. I submit., for the ii"e of such men nu estimate of the cost of bringing up a small farm. It is said to be fair and based upon actual experience. I think tho estimate of the yield is too large, but the price put for thc oranges (ono cent euch) is certainly low. It will bc noticed that the estimate allows nothing for tho support of the proprietor and his family. This must be provided by his wages as a mechanic or by work in some other field. This est?malo calls for the very highest culture, and supposes that the owner shall hire all the work done. Take an average acre of your land, and the cost of starting will be Cutting down and removing trees..$15 00 Taking out stumps. 15 00 ( millinup, when uccded. 15 00 Ploughing. 3 00 Fencing, not over. 25 00 100 trees, four years old, and one year from bud. 75 00 Setting stakes and pluntiiig. 7 50 Fertilizer, when planted. 2 50 $158 00 This start has bceu completed by De cember 1, and nothing need lo be dono to the trees until March, when the culti vation begins, which is kept up till Oc tober. Your total ot'tlay for tho first fivo years, including -tart and land, will not exceed $500 ; and at the cud of the five years your aero of trees is worth from $1,000 to $1,500. You have also received more for tho crop during the last three years of the five than the total outlay. This is not a bad showing ; but tho largo profits in the business are hut just com mencing. Thc total expense, including fer''li?er, to toke this 100 trees through ten years, is here sh stn with the yield : C03T. YIELD I'EB TREE. 1st year, $28 2nd year, 84 3rd year, 45. 50 to 100, say 75 4th year, 61. 200 to 300, say 250 5th year, 57. 300 to 500, say 400 6th year, 61. 400 to 600, say 500 7th year, 66. 600 to 700, say 600 ?th year, 71. 600 to 800, say 700 9th year, 76 . 800 to 1000, say 900 10th year, 86.900 to MOO, say 1,000 4,425 Add I.*iS coat of starlin?. Add 100 say, for land, nml we have $833 ns tho cogt of ourircrsniid acre of land for ten full years, which makes them fourteen years old. The yield of 442,500 orang?e we will call worth ono cent each, net, which is low, and our receipts have been $4,425, or $3,600 more tbau tho outlay ; and wo have a piece of property that ::J worth r,t least $10,000, for it is producing $1,000 yearly, net, and it will continue to in crease in yield for years. Tho following is a suggestion from Major Marks ns to how a man can sup port himself while his grove is getting to a ju oiicr head. It is a varied suggestion : "Plant vegetables, plant cassava, plant arrowroot, raise melons, split rnils at $1.00 por hundred, build cabins for your neighbors alf 1.50 per day, rai: c. chickeus, catch fish and ont them, mako fertilizers, shoot alligators in Lake Kisslmmoe and sell their bides, biro out to your neigh bors at $30 per month and work your own place at night, sell lands, swap horses, work on some one of tho railroads, put up saw mills, cut and haul posts and ?takes, plant nursery trees, flowers, etc. You can't starve. Fish are for the tak ing, and sweet potatoes are indigenous tn the soil. Wo nnve 8,000 people in Or ango county and only (3) three paupers, and wo have never seen a beggar in tho county." MAKING UP THU Ul? (?ROVES. A verv heavy incrcs in orange culturo -probably tho heaviest-comes from rich men who put capitnl.in and establish largo groves. In some cases tho proprie tors live in thc State, but in mosteases they get some reliable man to superin tend for them, and they visit tho grove only in tho winter. Nothing offers such heavy profits ns orango culture, if good superintendents can be found. A case in point if< Colonel Markham's. He agreed with Mr. ll. H. Marks that ho would furnish tho land, tho trees, tho fertilizers and the teams for plnnting a big grove, and Mr. Marks furnish his own support and personally superintend the tree-". At the end of six years he was to take ono Bixth nf the trees and thc laud on which they were bloated as bis property, and Mr. Markham to take thc balance. Under this agreement G.000 trees wero put out and have just begun to bear, be ing six years old. Mr. Markham bought 100 acres at $36 an acre, or $3,600. The trees cost him 50 cents each, or $3,000. Tho additional outlay for thc H?X years was probably $5,000-or say $12,500. Ho now has 5,000 trees, for which ho has been ofTercd $75,000, mid which will bring him, when in full bearing 3,000, 000 oranges annually, worth $45,000. Mr. Marks has 1,000 trees that ho values at $30,000, and would sell for no price. This trado ha? paid both parties and established ft very popular precedent. It is tho Bafest way to establish an orange grove-thia union of capital and labor. A shrewd, industrious mun without capi tal can arrange will? capitalista to put up tho money for any number of troca and any amount of laud. The per centnge usually paid for superintendence is twen ty per cent., or one-fifth. IJy no combi nation can labor and capital work BO profitably together. THE VALUE OF A GROVE. Solon Robinson, a veteran writer, says : "It is alwaya safo to buy an orango grove on a basis of $100 for each healthy ma tured tree." This is an overestimate, per haps, and waa based on 2J cents for oranges. The Speer grove, with 600 lrec3; would bring perhaps $60,000, and this ia the best in fr lorida. This is about ?8,500 per ncr.i for nix acres, lt is tho boov, simply because it is tho oldest. The largest yield ever known from one tree carno from tho oldest in the Si?'e, at St. Augustine, which boro 14,800 oranges. This is held to prove that up to 70 or 100 years the yield of n treo will improve, lhere arc Beveral trees that have viclded 7,000 and 8,000 oranges. Mr. Marcellus Markham showed me n tree from which ho sold $66 worth of oranges one season, aud au income of $.% a tree ia common. The average yield of a year ia about 600 Lo tho tree, or at preseut prices $1) in money. An acre will hold t.>venty trees, which givca about $600 to thy acre. The Speer grove, which I use simply because it is the only fully matured grove, ibo autistics of which are available, aver aged, General Sanford writes, $1,000 an aero for three years, ono year reaching ?7,200 for thc live acres. Mr. Sims, ot' South Apopku, sold 105,000 oranges from one nero one yfjnr. The age of orango trees ia unknown, but it ia presumed they are good for ono hundred ycara. They are cultivated with much more care now than formerly, being fertilized regularly, clipped and pruned, and watched very closely. It is probable that under thia intelligent treatment the ornnge tree will produce more fully, more regularly, nod ?ive longer than under the old system. They are very hardy trees, and when be low the frost linc are scarcely ever known to die. They are very susceptible, to wind . torms, which whip tho fruit und even thc foliago from tho limb .. THE QUESTION OF OVERDOING. After all the most interesting question connected with orango culturo is, whether or not tho markets can bc glutted. On Ibis depends tho profit of every man's investment, and tho Huccesa of the tre mendous experiment that Florida is making. There are men who say that j oranges can be raised profitably at ono third the present price, or half a cent i each ; bul, while this may bo true, auch a fall in thc price would very much dis courage orango growers. Thc more I talk with people r/h" arc informed on tho subject, the less room there is to believe ', that there will be any serious fall. There were 800,000,000 oranges imported to this ; country from the Mediterranean iu 1879. rhe Florida fruit is much superior to ; ibis, and wherever it is brought into com petition with it will drive it from the market. Florida may mnkc up her mind that ?ho will in tho next twenty ycara lend to market probably one thousand ; million of oranges. It is true that the ! nea of production ia limited somewhat by the lowering of tho frost linea, bul the ?pening of the tropical belt will moro than compensate for this, and where a tingle acre has produced 100,000 oranges, ind twenty acres ought lo bring a mil lion, it would require only 20,000 acres in full bearing to bring one thousand million. No one doubts that there will ie this much territory devoted to orange culturo within a few years, if, indeed, there is not already that much staked oft Tor groves or set out in young and old trees already. But wo must remember that in ten years tho population of tho country will have increased about 16, )00,000, and that tho greater half of this :ountry is now Bhut out from orange con mmplion almost entirely. It is doubtful if those [of us who are living now will ;vcr seo oranges less than a cent apiece io the trees. This moans prosperity for the orange growers. - A petrified alligator ia said to have been found embedded in solid rock, twenty feet under ground, in a quarry two miles from Saratoga Springs. It is Svc feet seven inches in length, and measures two feet back of thc head, nine inches in diameter. Tho Field for Temperance Work. The following article from Arthur'* Illustrated Home Magazine in published by request of Anderson Division, Sons of Temperance : There has been so much said and writ ten in regard to lifting the drunkard from the gutter and making a sober man cf him, that ? arr, afraid some temper* ance organization*, ns well na temperance men ami women, are led tn regard the principal part of tho temporalice work ns lying in that direction. That is a groat mistake, for there are other fields ot action where the work is much more encouraging, and where the same amount of labor yields far richer results for tho temperance cause. Any effort to alleviate suffering or to elevate humanity ;s praiseworthy and noble. No matter how low thc object of labor has fallen, or what has boen the causo of his degradation, it ia a worthy and commendable act to extend n help ing hand, and, if possible, raise him up. Hut when a man has IOBI all self respect and manhood, and has formed such a strong nnpetite for liquor ns to be found drunk daily on the streets, it is discour aging for moral itv lo attempt to lend thc needed aid, and the rescuing of such men from a drunkard's grave is moro tho work of a Christian than of a temperance man. Pure temperance work is measured Ly the result it accomplishes for tho lem? uernnce cause. Reclaiming ono from thc lowest class of drunkards is not aiding thc temperance cause so much ns is com monly believed; from thc fact that bc usually nidi thc cause no more by joining it than lie would by remaining aa lie was. A low inebriate reeling through thc streets, engaged in his drunken revelries brawls and crimes, is a greater aid ti temperance than wo may i magi ne. To t sober man, such a sight ns this speaks ii plainer language, and is a more Ibrcibh warning for him to beware of the intoxi eating cup than bc usually hoars fron tho lips ul any lecturer. As temperance men and women, OU special work lies with two cl assen, tin moderate drinker and those who iiav< not yet commenced lo drink. On tin battle held, it accomplishes no more fo an army to kill two ?f the enemy thai it docs for thom to win ono to their side When a politician gets a voter from th opposing party, lie gains as much a when he gets two from outsido thei ranks. Thc worst enemies that the lemperanc cause has, arc found among mod?rai drinkers, and whenever wc can win oil of them to our side, wc have not nnl added u new worker to our list and save him from the prospect of becoming habitual drunkard, but have wenkene tho enemy by getting one of his bo: men. The lowest class of drunkart cannot be counted ns being in thc cm my's ranks at all. Better count them i prisoners within his power. Many < them would be glad to soe tho tempe ance cause triumph until every rum slit was forever closed. They loathe tho manner of living, but have become i slave. Their injury to the temperan* cause lies ni! in the past. Thc more tlx drink now, and the lower they sink, tl more they aid the cause by thc very cl. gust for the cup that their dogradatii causes. But thc moderate drinker stands for moat in the enemy's rnnks. Society do not shut him out of her circles but pt mils him to stand on her list of respect and honored members. Fie is educat and talented, perhaps has been nine among the legislators of our land. 1 lins a large circle of friends, among who bia influence is very powerful. T young man who onn get thc privilege taking a social glass with him, thinks an honor so great that ho hasn't t courage to refuse. And thus, thron his influence, he starts many nil associi on the road to a drunkard's gravo, wv if he should never reach it himself, ii those who take an occasional glass duri life without becoming drunkards, arc I very ones who do tlie most harm, occasional drinkers always became drui nrda, no young man would dare lo tot the first glass. Truly, it is tho moderate drinker tl throws tho greatest obstacles in thc v of temp?rance workers. It is from th ranks that all thc drunkards come. I in their ranks that the rumsellcr beloi It is through their influence that we prevented from getting sound tempera laws. And it is through their influe that we are Unvaried in the altem p enforce what temperance laws wc do enacted. In the groat day of rcckoni when nil the crimes of drunkenness si bo thrown at the feet of thc really gui 1 fear that ilie moderate drinker's si) will make him tremble ni he seca ruinous results of thc life bc bas lc? He will then learn thal he M to s< extent his brother's keeper. If we had thc signature of every ni erato drinker on our pledge, nod tl co-operation in our work, wc could H disband all our temperanceorgnnizall and consider our work accomplis! Drunknrds and rumsellcrs would bother us then. For the one would t find bis occupation gone, and Ibo o would of necessity becomo a sober n But the most encouraging place work is among the young men who 1 not yet created an appetite for sti drink. "A stitch in limo saves nil and "au ounce of prevention is worl pound of cure." Thc drunkard sing mg through our streets to-day wi moderate drinker twenty years ag Twenty-five years ago he was an c atonal drinker ; and thirty years agc stood in thc strength and pride ol young manhood, free from tho cont nating influences of even thc first g Now, at which stage of such a n life is it best to attempt to save i Where will we ho thc most likel succeed? And, if successful, at w stage will the most good bc accompli for thc individual, for humanity an tho cause of temperance? In getting young men interest* this cause, you know not bow great be the results of ?he good seed you sown, nor how many you have saved disgrace and wretchedness. Let mc appeal to the young man reads this article to place himself at nu the 8nfc side. Do it by signinc pledge, and by publicly letting known that you hare determined tr staunch and true tempor?neo man. Do not with open eyes enter thc that lends to a drunkard's doom, not act under the delusion, whicl ruined so many, that you aro al drink au occasional glass and len when you choose. Do not trifle or willi this matter, nor be conlent to py any uncertain position. I know lhere aro many young me arc opposed to intemperance, but it weakness to sign Ibo pledge, who thc most manly position is a neilin Let mc say to these that thero is n position for them to occupy. Th? principles involved here admit neutral ground. Unless for tempi you are against it in youi ?.I?IIM net Hut suppose you could tnkc thi lion, is lt a manly ono? Like the in mathematics, arc you willing neither a positive nor a negative qu situ [?ly occupying n ?paco that would otherwite be vacant? If a child were struggling fur lifo in ibo water, and a mau should stand on thc bank calm nnd unmoved without making tho least effort t?> rescue her, would he he your ideal of manhood? In thc great struggles that have secured for us our free Republic, do the pages of history honor tl e names of any who stood with* folded arms and lO?k m? pari ou either side? In the language ul that great prophet to the multitude before him as ho stood on Mount Carmel, let me ask, "How long halt ye between two opinions?" And as he continues with the "words, "Choose ye this day whom yo will serve. If tho Lord bo Cod, follow him," so would I say to you, "Choose ye this day" which course you will take. If naught but the drunkard's career and fearful doom have charms for y?o ami be your choice, plunge in nt once and make your journey to that miserable end as short as possible. Hut if you think it better, more manly and honora ble to lead sober lives, do "not attempt to stand alone, but join hands at OIK o with those who have already chosen that course, and help each other in becoming .stronger and better, nnd give your united strength to the great temperance reform. C. L. HILL. CONGRESSIONAL CURIOSITIES. Where Member* Worr norn mid How They Dirri-Duels Holl? ill?.ody nnd Other?ls?. Chicago Tribune Washington Letter. ? It may be of interest to tho newcom ers in Congress to know some of the things about the body of which they havojust become members, which they will liol find recorded in the great book ot Columbian orators, which they doubt less hove been carefully studying since they have been elected, or in tho column:: of their local organs, which havo mag nified their Congressmen UH among the great things of earth. NATIVITY OF COXUttESSMEK. During the first forty-fi va Congressed all but 142 of the 5,337 members wore born in thc United States-New York linville 7<?4, Pennsylvania 5*J8, Virginin 532, Massachusetts 439, und Connect ?cul 340. Meist ot our foreign?born stntesraor have come from Ireland. England Scotland and Germany have followed it about equal proportion. There hart been two who were born in Bavaria, twe from Bermuda, five from Canuda, seven teen from England, five from Frauce twelve from Germany, fifty-two fi on Ireland, one from Madeira, one from the Netherlands, one from New Brunswick one from Nova Scotia, twenty-one fron Scotland, two from Switzerland, lout from Wales, and four from tho West In dies. Out of that long list there havi been some 2,000-considerably less thar half-who received a classical, collegi ate, or liberal education. It has beet tho custom, more observed in the Eas tern States than in the West, to sene their Representatives to Congress fo long continued periods. THE OCCUPATIONS of Congressmen embrace nearly over brunch of modern industry and tho pro fessions. Yet there havo been the rep rescntntives of some occupations will whom the newcomers will hardly thinl it an honor to be classed. Among then may be mentioned one prize fighter, on murderer and one barber. From the colonial days to the presen it has happent d that several generation of tho same family have served in on or both branches of Congress. Th ?i....i notable amone these ure the Ad?iE ses, Bayards, Breckinridges, Harrison: Chandlers, Stockton*, Frclinghuyser and Heisters. CONO II ESSION AL DUEL! 8T8. A complete record of the number < Congressmen who havo been engoged i duels hus never been kept, but the nun ber who have died in nllairs of honor pretty well known. Alexander Hamilton, Sccretnry of tl Treasury under Washington, leader i thc Federalist party, and leading apir in the formation of the Constitution, wi mortally wounded hy Aaron Burr, ; Hoboken, July 3, 1884. Richard Spaight of North Carolin was the first to elie in a duel, ll? .-erve in the Continental Congres*, and sal ? thc convention which framed the Coi Htitution. He was killed by his success in Congress, John Stanley. The hilt was tried, and sentenced io impr'isoi ment ; but was pardoned by Gov. Wi liunis, ol North Carolina, in a yen Stanley was subsequently elected Coiigreas. Thomas Iv. Harris, of Tennessee, dit in ICU? from wounds received in a du with Col. Simpson. Spencer Pettis was killed in a du fought willi Maj. Thomas Biddle, at ? Louis, Aug. 2G, 1831. The duel aro out of a quarrel over tho United Stat Bank, thc President of which, Nichol Biddle, was the brother of tho chalk ger. Arini?tend T. Mason, ex Senntor frei Virginin, fell in a duel fought ne Washington city with John MeCarl his brother-in-law, in 1819. Joseph Pierson, of North Carolii died from a duel fought in 1834 wi John Jackson. Jonathan Ciley, of Maine, died fre i shot received in a duel fought Feb. ' 1838, tired by William J. Graves, Kentucky. Graves waa subsequent elected to Congress. George A. Waggum un, United Stai Senator from Louisiana, lost bia life ii duel near New Orleans, March 23, 18 George Poindexter, Repr?sent?t! from Mississippi, fought a duel wi Elijah Hunt, a merchant, ubout 18! and killed him. BLOODLESS DUELS. There have hoon many duels whi were bloodless. Among them the f lowing aro the most notable : Those between .Henry Clay and Hu Sihrcy Marshall and between Clay a fohn Randolph, of Virginia. Samuel W. Inge, Representative fr Alabama fought a Bladensburg w Edward ?tanley, of South Carolina, tho Thirty-first Congress, neither be seriously injured. John S. Jackson, of the Thirty-sovei Congress, fought several duels, one w Thoa. F. Marshall-nono resulting riously. Leonard Jarvis, member from Mai challenged a colleague, F. O. J. Sm from the? portland district, in about Twenty-fourth Congress; but tho Ii declined to fight. SUICIDES. 'l here havo been a number of mi bora who have committed suicide. Haywood Chauncy Riddle shot h self through thc head, in Tonne:: about 1875. Ho was undoubtedly ins; James Blair, a Representativo fi South Carolina, blew out his brains, boarding-house on Capitol Hill, A 1, 1834. Felix McCouncll, n member from J bama, committed suicide in a fit of lirium, at tho St. Charil? Hotel, W ington, by stabbing himself nnd I cutting his tbroat, Sept. 10, 1846. Representative James Ashmore, I South Carolina, blew out h's brains at Snrdis, Miss., Dec. 6, 1871. ^ Elijah Hise, Representativo io th Fortieth Congress, committed suicide at Russellville, Ky., May 8, 1870. John Whit', Representative from Ken tucky, committed suicide at Bichmr nd, Ky., Sept. 27. 184r>. James G. Wilson, United States Sen ator from New Jersey, threw himself from his house in a lit of delirium, ia 1832. mid wa? killed. Wm. Ramsey, Representative from Pennsylvania, committed Miicide at Bar num's Hotel, in Baltimore, by ?hooting himself through the eye w<'h a pistol, about 1840. John Ewing, of Indinnh, was found dead in bia room, at Vincennes, in 1839, and on his table the following epitath : "llera Hes a man who loved his friends, Ilia God, his country and Vincennes." Representativo Alfred B. White, of Ohio, committed suicide by taking poison on the gtavo of his two-children, at Co lumbus, Aug. j 1805. Ho was charged ? with improper acts in connection with cotton sp?culations. James Henry Lane, Unittd Statea Senator from Kansas, committrd suicide at Fort Leavenworth, about 18G6. James S. Johnson. Representative from Kentucky, committed suicide while suffering from ill health, nt Oweiisboro, Ky., Feb 12, 1873. ACCIDENTALLY KILLED. A number of Congressmen and ex Congressmen have met with accidental deaths. Clemcui S. Vallandigham died from the accidental discharge of a pistol in 1870, while arguing n murder case at Lebanon, O. Robert Youn--; Uuited States Senator from Indiana, was killed by a railroad train while walking on tho track at Indianapolis November 14, 1856. Abraham B. Vent?lo, United States Senator from Virginia, periihrd in the burning of tho Richmond Theater, De cember 21, 1811. JaineB Martin, Representativo from South Carolina, was drowned in the pas sngo from New Orleans to Galveston, November 15, 1857. He was tho foun der of tho Southern Quarterly Review. Josiah Stoddard Johnson, Senator from Louisiana, died May 19, 1843, from tho effect of nu explosion of gunpowder on a steam packet on thc Red river. Chnrles J. Julian, Senator from Dela ware, died October 17, 18oH, from inju rioa received while experimenting with a riflo-cnunon which ho had invented, y HOMICIDES. Thero have boen members of Congreso who have killed men not on the fi?la of honor. Henry Daniela, from Virginia, shot his brother-in-law, nt Mount Sterling, Ky., in 1845, as thu result of a quarrel. Daniel Sickles killed Phillip Barton Key, February 28, 1859, for having criminal connection with Sickles' wife. Riohard Weightman, a Delegate from New Mexico in tho Thirty-second Con gress, killed a Santa Fe trader with the same knifo with which ?ie cut a cadet comrndo at West Point-an act for which ho waa expelled from Weat Point. OTHER CRIMINAL ACTS. Charlea F. Mitchell, of New York, was convicted of forgery in 1842, and Bent to Sing Sing, but was pardoned a yenr later. Jacob Baker, once a great financier, waa indicted in New York for conspiracy to defraud ; removed to New Orleme, And waa elected to thc United S-ntca Senate, but was not admitted I- his seat. Richard Potter, Representative from North Carolina, wan sentenced to six months' imprisonment in 1831 for an assault on two male relatives of bia wife, and then removed to Texas, wh?>re ho wnn killed in a private quarrel. Tho assault ot Brooks, of South Caro lina, upon Charles Sumner, is historical. Gen. Hopston, of Tennessee, was rep rimanded before thc ?\tr of tho House for having wi./laid nnd knocked down with n bludgeon William Stanbury, a Representative from Ohio in the Thirty second Congress, on account of ? .ords spoken in debate. ?. Thomas D. Reynolds, a Representa tive from Tennessee in tho Twenty-sec ond Congress, wan assaulted in the Capi tol, May 14, 1833, by Morgan A Heard, who fired n loaded horse-pistol at him, the ball grazing his arm, and then struck him with a bludgeon. Smallpox Remolca,. A correspondent of the Stockton (Cal.) Herald writes: "Appended is a recipe which han, to my cerium knowledge, been used successfully in hundreds of cases. It will prevent or cure the small pox, though tho pinings are filling. When Jenner discovered cowpox, in England, tho world of science hurled an avalanche of fame upon his head ; but when the most scientific Hchool of medi cine in tho world-that of Paris-pub lished this recipe as a panacea for small pox, it passed unheeded. It- is aa unfail ing as fate, and conquers in every in stance. It is hannie.-s when taken by a well person. It will also cure scarlet fever. Here is tho recipe as I have used it to cure tho smallpox. When learned physicians said the patient must die, lt cured : Sulphate of zinc, ono grain ; fox glove (digitalis) one grain ; naif a tea spoonful of water. When mixed, add four ounces of water, and take a table spoonful every hour. Either disease v/ill disappear in twelve hours. For a child, amallor doses ace ?rding to age. If counties would compel their physicians ti use th's they would need no pest houses. If you value advice and expe rience, uso this for that terrible disease." -iV. O. Independent. .A correspondent of the Liverpool Mer' eury writes: I nm wi), og to risk my reputation as a public mun if the worst caso of smallpox cannot be effectually cured in three days, simply by cream of tartar. This is the auro and never fall ing remedy. One ounce of cream of tar tar dissolved in a pint of boiling water, to be drank when cold, at short intervals. It can bc taken nt any time, and is a pre ventive as ?well na a curative. It is known to have cured in thousands of cases without a failure. It never leaven a mark ; never causea blindness, and always prevents tedious lingering. Its Equal Is Unknown. A Lowell (Mass.) paper, ao we observe, citea fhe ease of Mr. P. H. Short, pro prietor of the Bol mont Hotel, that city, who suffered with rheumatism for seven teen years without finding relief from any of the numerous remedies employe"}, un til he applied St. Jacoos Oil. "I never found any medicine that producer.' such romarkablo and instantaneous effect as it did," says Mr. 8hort.-Lyons (Totoa) Mir ror. - W. H. Vanderbilt paid $201,000 ?r State taxes to tho comptroller of New York one day last week. - President Arthur has adopted a rule which prohibit? Postmasters, the salaries of whoso offices exceed $1,200, from lt? jnz members of State Legislature*.