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?Y E. B. MU11EAY & CO. A ATT?TCOAT Q n TTITTPCTIAV ?vroT^ArTATi-i TAAITTAUV I v IRKO VOTTTMTT, YVTT - NO 9fi IB first "Independent" Storm In Kout I ^Bolina_AU abont the Indlgnatloi BXeting 'u SammerrlUe-Tho Memoria Kluttt tho Stock and Registration Laws B correspondence Neus and Courier. SUMMERVILLE, January 8. Bic dispatch published in the New K^Cuutier this morning giving un ac BBL (,i (ho indignation mass mcetinj HiUiz??9 of Colleton county, whicl jHb?ld nt this place yesterday, and con Bog the intelligence that Senator Fish ?Bc of Colleton county, had publicl; ?Bformally renounced his allegiance t< ?Democratic party, has occasioned Blt deal of comment. The object o 9fmeeting, as already stated, was t Best against the enforcement of th MEt rut ion and stock laws, hutin realit Hmost interesting and uuexpecte Kure of the occasion was the at tomi: Burn the gathering inte a convenlio Hike organization of u new politics Roe meeting was held at thc iustanc Senator Fishburne, and was atter.de Kiglit hundred or a thousand ppoph Hposcd principally of farmer, an jSk raisers from Colleton and Charla ?counties, and about equal'*" divide Keen the racen. The <n?eting ws K at the town ha'l and was orgauize Bthe election of two Presidents, D Bert alderton, as the representative < ?eton county, and Mr. J. M. Heepe : ?representativo of Charleston county S| vice-Presidents, ?. J. Litnehous Kutrmerville, and another white mu Bse unrnc I could not learn, and tv, ?retarles, C. A. Smith and W. V Bpsay. Elias Johnson, the color? ?finet chairman of the Republici Ky, and Joseph Blodgett, colored, we Kte'd to act as Vice-Presidents of tl Beting, but declined the proffered hone K speakers, of whom there were Haber, delivered their orations from tl Bro hall steps, aud managed to talk Kt deal and say very little. Kn taking the chair Dr. Ilderton call H meeting to order, explained its o Ho and introduced as the first spenl: BENATOIt FISHBURNE, ft began his remarks by saying that i Hbr.d done in active political life h HQ done for the good of the whole pe H and that his race of people had ne ?the Democratic faith from the til ftth Carolina was first settled throu Hthe vicissitudes of time and polith Hune up to the present. ile sai Here I am forced to this position H loose from my old associations, to ( Bse from all that my father recognizi ?that my grandfather and greatgrat Her recognized, because the opposi Kty, the Democratic party of Caroli Hires to take away from us the rig Heh is inherent in an American citi; She right to vote. There are a gr Kny laws passed and about to be pass Hry single one of them taking av Hie right of a citizen of South Ca ?a, so that one will follow the ot! Mil ?then they gel through they \ ?3 you nothing in God's world but THE BIGHT TO DIE. Bold them in tho Senate Chamber t Stead of dying, by the living God Bl have our rights, even if it be at Bath of the shotgun. Do you supr. ?Jit you aro going to have your ri Ien away from you? I tell you w y called me to order hundreds ie.-J I said 'Damn the order when hts of my people are being st\ ay.' I fear no rule except tue ri the people. I have stayed there Continuing, Mr. Fishburne referrei lumber of bills that had been pa the General Assembly, which, hee ire calculated to impair the righi D people, and, among others, alli the bill which gives the Messrs. B ivenel and others the right to const private railroad or tramway along I srry Road to the Ashley River, an* lng so recited tho events transpi ion the passage of this Act in the e. He then referred to tho bill pr rovive, renew and extend the chi the Town of Summerville, mid cl that no such bill could bo pas at the charter had expired and tba wn has now no charter ; that al lenses and taxes that have been cted since the expiration of the ch id been unlawfully collected aud t ?recovered, and that the town was ider no law. The speaker next referred to th ?sion of the trial justice system o late, by which these officers aro { le right to imprison for thirty day fcad of ten dova. Referring to Ibendments to the school law, be c B that children could not now a le public schools after they had ret le age of 16, that this would ac irdship, many of the brightest mir e State having been developed ireons had reached that age. He tiled attention to the law regulato tiffie in seed cotton, and maint at the tendency of tho bill was to< e slavery of tho people. Mr. Fishburne spoke nt considc ngth upon tho provisions of tho w, confining himself to the usual cats against the passage of this 'e, and in concluding his speech, t msumed fully two hours in del ferrcd to the registration law, den ig it as "bascdupon a princip aud," and said: "I want to ej nat I know to be a fact, because 1 ad it in caucus and in every othei Djy claim that there aro one hu nd fifty men who propose to ru late of South OarollnA. Now ho ?y govern upon a system of f nat is the whole system-one pon principia U1- Fraud, tr "d^hey have old gray-headed rr ie Democratic party who got up > caucus ?nd quarried among ?Ive? about which was the best i Heat that very constituency wht lem there out of the very right ?ey swore to Almighty God to d ?there any consistency, any mo nything at all in it that they can overnmont upon ? If you cheal ?n friends where in the world i *rty gone ? I told them I would ^would go on my knees, but for ?e not to murder men v io aro i > support Carolina through thic |3'e'..evea with the?r blood, or an; Mr. Fishburne was followed bj wera, who did not, however, aa ?og new or striking. Tho follow PETITION TO THE OOVERNOl raying tho exercise of the veto ? regard to the stock and regis lW8 w*? submitted to the meet i f.'-rv',' Limehouae and adopted i io bia Excellency Johnson E governor of and for the 8tate ot ?M?*5 We> tho citizens cfc Su u J on counties in ravis i ?embled, would respectfully a our petition to your Exec' Hoi {OTernor of South Carolina. | aw you would, uso your execul ?K??ye in our behalf with regare ou<ming mattera hereinafter stat* ..if u We would ask you to u '?? power in nullifying tho A< known a. the Stock law. Such an Act if allowed to become a law would work d?vastation to our counties, and rob most of our citizens of their means of support. "Second. Aa the reg'stratiou and clec I non laws, as proposed by this General Assembly are a fraud upon the people ? and would rob tho majori ;y of them of ? Heir right of suffrage, wo would moat . respectfully pray that your Excellency i would use your influence to prevent the passage of these laws, and if they are . passed by our Senators and Representa ' 'ives that you would use your power of . veto tn behalf and for the protection of I our people in preventing them becoming ! laws. And we, your petitioners, will ' ever pray, &c, &c." i This petition was drafted by Mr. Fish burne after conK.ii?2??02 zrS ^ tbe con?u 'taco of a cumber of white and colored eil Isens. It is signed by three hundred and thirtceu citizens of Colleton and Charleston counties, about one-half of whom are white men. A large num ber of signers, both colored and white are property-holders, and many of th? white petitioners arc large owners of real estate. After thc adoption of the petition Dr. Ilderton submitted the following MEMORIAL TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, which was adopted : "To the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina-Gentlemen : We. the citizens of Colleton and Charleston, in mass meeting assembled this 2d day of January, 1882, at Summerville, would respectfully call the attention of your honorable body to the questions that are now agitating tho public mind, viz: the Stock law and Registration Act. And very serious questions they appear to be, if the mutterings of tho people are to be* regarded. One or two voices raised in thc defence of the people are nothing, RB was proved in the case of the two Sena torn, Messrs. Fishburno and Henderson, (all honor to their names) ; but when tho people ure fully aroused to their own interest they have a powerful weapon in the form of tho ballot box. "The cry of Radicalism spread over the State for many years, but the people at last became tired of tho yoke and threw it off and elected the Democratic party for what? To make a law that will eventually ruin them aud bring poverty throughout thc country, for they cannot procure labor to plant largely, and their only reiource is stock-raising in this sec tion of the country. There tire thou sands of acres of swamp and rico laud that it is impossible to cultivate for lack of capital and labor, therefore it lays wan, while the poor man, who was not so lucky as to have bis thousands of acres left him by his ancestors, has a few cows, and even they will be denied the privi lege of eating the grass that God make? grow on tho land of the favored few. What is the result? Have any of those who advocated that cruel and unfeeling , law ever thought of it? The peasanl will have to sell the few cows they keep to give their little ones milk, tbe ebie and sometimes ouly luxury they can pro cure, while the well-to-do farmer will have to curtail his stock. The price o ! meat will surely go up, and it is airead] i beyond the reach of many, and Soutt i Carolina, always foremost in tho rank t( , help the distressed, will bc crushed bj ber own leaders and they ber own sons f elected by her own voice{ ad sworn to di their duty by all her citizens, rich ant i poor, white ?nd black, i "Are they men of judgment who sa; ' when the people cry to them tor justice 'Where th? Radicals scourged you wit! , i whips wo will scourge you with seor I pions,' or in other words will they heed lessly pass a law that will exasperate th r people of South Carolina? i "Tho people have called meetings a different places, and they will surel . raise their voices in defence of thei \ rights and property. In the darkest daj , of Radicalism tho people were never s r distressed as now with the Stock law an ! Registration Act. If they all lived i [ towns and villages it would bo differeu . but they do not feel disposed to ride te . or twenty miles to register, subject at tl . same time .u a refusal if the commi sioner fail to recognize their rights < 5 qualifications. The ballot box is tl . voice of tho people, and when it is mi r nopolized by a few for party purposes \ is Bordering on anarchy," r After tho adoption of this paper tl entire complexion of the meeting wi . changed by an effort to turn it to polit j cal account. A platform of principl< , was submitted to the gathering, but n by Dr. Ilderton, who refused to hai j anything to do with it and left the shai . The platform was drawn by Mr. Fis! [ burne, and sets forth the I PRINCIPLES OF THE NEW POLITIC/ I PARTY \ as follows : ' Platform of the People's Parti/ oj Sou Carolina. I First. That we, the i eople, do a i knowledge tho supremacy of the Nation Government over that of tho States, u i der the existing National laws. Second. Wo bind ourselves and cai : and all of our representatives to enfor tho payment of the National and Stn debts. Third. Wo recommend the prolectii ! of American industries and tho revisit r of the tariff laws. i Fourth. Economy in public expeut i turcs is a desideratum. This party w reduce such expenditures to tbe lowi i possible figures. i Fifth. As wo desire a Republican i People's form of Government, wo roi ' admit that pople governed should I considered as regards leirislation and i i other matters that may affect their ngb F Sixth. We must admit that thc color i meu have tho majority of votes in t State of South Curolina, and that th . rights must not and shall not be ignon und it n^eds nothing but tho orgaui; tiou o; tho working class of whito rn and tho colored men, as they would largely in the majority, to defeat n party or parties who desire to oppr either tho one or tho other. In oil words, combined tho working class white mon and the colored men cont i the State. . .. , Seventh. And we, the working class white men and tho colored men, prop to combine our "fforta to defeat any pa or parties who desire to take away anj ? our rights. .... i Eighth. And as our rights have bi ignored, we, the people, will combine efforts to defeat any measure that wo work ruin and destruction to any ot . citizens, . _ .. i Ninth. That under tho Democratic ministration of 1876 wo had a tax eight mills; that, as proposed by I , General Assembly, wo will probably b i a tax of twenty mill?, or more ; that i der tho Republican regime our float j wore tampered with, but in no insta I was any attempt made to Uko away > liberties, as has been done by the pre r General Assombly. . Tenth. Wo insist that all men, i ) apective of race, color or previous co tion, must and shall have their rights r fore tho law. ... - J Eleventh. tTbat in tho aclcctioi no /i cation tor State or county officers 1 , OL X loi members of the General Assem bly the colored men shall have a fair and just representation. \ Twelfth. That we, the People's party, do pledge ourselves to stand by each other and have a freo ballot and a fair t count to perpetuate justice to all. Thirteenth. We do i' vite thc co-ope ration in this movement of all property holders aud capitalists, whose property we pledge ourselves to protect at all haz ards. WAS THE PLATFORM ADOPTED? The new party people were considera bly exercised this morning over the dis patch to the New and Courier, and de clared that the r -orted rejection of their p atform was inco.rect. The copy of the platform I saw this morning only con tained five or six names, and Dr. Ilder ton afterwards told me that the tele graphic report of the'meeting was liter ally correct aud that the platform as submitted was rejected. Mr. Fisbbi'-ne explained the fact that there were sc .?jw signatures to the paper by Baying that after the speaking and the adoption of the stock law petition the day was far spent, and Ibero was not time sufficient to cet a large number of names to the platform. He believes that be . could get ten thousand signatures to the platform in Charleston alone. AN INTERVIEW WITH HENJf OR FI6K BURNE. Upon my arrival in Summerville thia morning I called at once on Mr. Fish burne and asked him to tell me the ob ject and the extent of the new pnrty movement and its prospects of success. He spoke very freely, and declared that the meeting on Monday was the begin ning of a general movement which would extend throughout tho State, its princi pal object being the disruption of the present Democratic organization and the formation of a new party upon the basis of the platform adopted by tho meeting on Monday. He ?as information from difTerent sections of tho State that the movement will recei strong support in all thc counties, and ho believes that the planks in the new platform will be gen erally adopted. The strength of the new movement reata, he says, in the justice of the cause. Mr. Fishburne asserts that while he was in Columbia he was ap proached by many of THE MOST PROMINENT REPUBLICANS in the State who assured him that if he would initiate the movement they would can viss the State in its behalf and bring to its support nearly the entire colored vote, and that proposes to organize for thc cainpnigi 1882 similar move ments iu every cou-^y. He proposes at an early day to bold a meeting in behalf of the new party in the city of Charles ton and has assurances that it will be largely attended. In his opinion at least two-thirds of the white vote, and nearly thc entire colored vote, of Charleston and Colleton counties will support the movement. He wants tho people of the State to understand that the suppression of ballot boxes and the counting out sys tem is a thing of the past, and that in all future elections there shall bo a free bal lot and A FULL COUNT OR A FAIR FIGHT. When asked as to whether he had any assurances of assistance from outside the State, Mr. Fishburne declined to answer, saying that he did not think the proper time had come for showing his hand in this particular. Mr. ?. J. Limehouse, who was one of the Vice-Presidents of the meeting on Monday and is a Republican of pro nounced convictions, ciaims that be was one of the prominent men in aviating Col. Fishburne to get up the new party movement. He thinks that it will bo successful because the people have been very much oppressed by the present gov ernment, and that the platform of the new organization will secure to every citizen equal and exact justice before the law. He bas made no general canrass of the Republican sentiment of the county at large, but since the movement began he has consulted a great many Republicans, who have said that they would joiu tho people's party if it would secure their rights. Ho proposes to tako an active part in the campaign. He as sisted in framing thc plaiforni of the new party, and has been met by two-thirds of the Democrats of this community and of the adjacent parishes who Bay that they will joiu heartily in the movement to se cure their rights. Mr. Limehouse bas been a Republican for years, and has acquired some noto riety as a candidate for official position. He was at one time Intendant of the town of Summerville, and in 1878 was a candidate for the Legislature on the Re publican ticket. He took part in the nolitical movements of 1876, and be longed to one of the factions of tho Rad ical party in the campaign of that year. It is not thought that he can havo much influence in causing any considerable number of his former political associates to flock to the standard of the new party. Limehouse is evidently working for Limehouse. This proposition will ap pear more clearly when the statement is made that during tho meeting on Mon day, although bc waa working so actively to advance the interest of the new party movement and to contribute to the dis runion of the present Democratic organ ization, he continued to carry in a con vernen! pocket a petition to Governoi Hagood asking for his appointment aj trial justice at this place, to which ht secured a number of signatures. So il will be seen that whatever the zeal ol Mr. Limehouse for the uew party maj be, he would not be at all unwilling tr accept position from the Democrats party which he would fain destroy. I was told this evening by Frank Tow ell, an influential colored Republican thr.t the Republicans generally got uotici not to participate in the meeting, or ir ?ny meeting of a political complexion There were a number of colored Repub li rans present at the meeting, but the; were the/e simply as spectators. Ho I certain that the Republicans will take n< stock in the new party movement, ant that the only way the Democrats can ge any support from the Republicans is ti allow them to come in and share equally ; in the division of the offices. Continu ing, Powell sai't : "The Republican have no ill-feeling against the Demo j oratio party, but demand fair dealing I They will not go into the new party be cause tho very men who are now movinj to establish it are the men who closet the polls against us in tho last electioi and cheated us out of our votes. _ W have no confidence in their professiom and will have nothing to do with thei movement or any movement they ma; inaugu?" -,te, exceot they will como regu larly into the Republican party and giv us equal representation. I believe thu tho reason of several of the mon for try ing to start the new party is because thei terms of office have nearly expired, an th**y want to bo re-elected. They ar trying to get the colored people to corr promise themselves, and by securin their votes insure their re-election. W don't intend to allow men who have bee in tho Democratic party, and formerl worked against us, to como in and g< offioe from us uutil thoy have boen in th rarty sometime and proved their faith, don't believe there is ? true-hearted colored mau who will go with the now party." There in a great deal of dissatisfaction iu the country at the passago of thc stock law, und thc people are just now very sore over tho matter, but many of the best people seem to think that with soft words and kind treatment the difficulties may be safely bridged over, und tho De mocracy of Colleen county carried into the next election with the solid, unfal tering front they bave ever displayed. j. a H. AK AMERICAN POMPEII. Discovery ot a tire nt ltulncd Indian City In tho West. The ancient ruined towns and villages af the far West have been objects of in terest for years and years, and the recent explorations under the direction of Mr. James Stevenson, who has been at work under the auspices of tbo Sn. thsonian Institute, have been fruitful . good ro lults. Ho bas within a short time com pleted his work for (he past Hummer, and ris report is replete with importnnt in formation about the pie-historic races of :he West aud their descendants, illustra ing their life, manners and habits. A r,reat many articles of pottery, of stone md wood were picked up among the ribes, the members of which kuow notti ng of their origin, but the most intereat ng information bas been gathered by au lamination of tho ruined -.".ages and owns themsclv*"?. Tho Pueblo or village indians arc scattered over an area in STew Mexico and Arizona OOO miles in ength and 400 miles wide. Within this irea there arc about thirty-four lullab ied villages. There are also the ruins if thousauds of ancient villages and owns situated in thc valleys of tho treams, on the summits of tho Mesas, md many high up in tbo sides of the ..liff:) and tbe walls of canons, being :arvcd out like swallows' nests. Tho nins already known are sufficient in lumber and extent to furnish homes for it least half a million persons, and were irobably occupied by twice that number. )ne noted instance of a carved out city s described by Mr. Stovenson which mist have been the abode of at least 00,000 souls, and wbicb these explorers iro believed to have first brought to the tnowledge of the civilized world. Mr. stevenson first, beard of it from au cid lidian ebie! with whom ho sat chatting n Spanish one evening. The old man vos apparently somewhat disinclined to ie communicative, but finally, as if to mt off further inquiry, said: This cliff :ity is thus described. For sixty miles Jong tho face of the wiuding cliff, ex cpt where the elements bad cut thom iway, these ancient cave dwellings ex ended two, three, four and sometimes ive rows one above another. Mr. Sto 'cuson examined this deserted city du in<r several days, personally visiting lortions "distant lorty-five miles from ach other, and discovering with bis glass hat tho excavations extended fifteen or wenty miles further on. By far the ;reater number are inaccessible, but nany of tho old paths, worn many inches leep by thc feet of the ancients who I welt there, are intact, and by them the ixplorer mounted to the old dwellings, "here was a marked similarity in tue brm and construction of these excava ions. There was only one nperature, vhich served for door, window and chim* tey. The singlo room ha?! an oval roof, .liich bore the grooves made by the linty adzes or axes of the excavators. L'ho method o? digging or carving out beso caves was disclosed by the form md direction of the grooves, wbicb were i8ualiy parallel to each other, and s?v irai inches apart, while between, as bown by the rough surface of the atone, he remaining substance bad been broken ?ff. There were fire-places at the rear, mt no place of exit for tho smoke ex cept the single aperture in front. Many it the dwellings bad side or rear excava iens of .small size, within eooie of which :orncobs and beans were found, evident- i y left by chance inhabitants of a later j jeriod. Near the roof of many of the j laves there were mortices, projecting Vom wbicb in some instnnces there were liscovcrcd the decayed ends of wooden deepen. These were of a kind of wood iot recognizable as a present growth of ,bo locality and unknowu to tho ex plorers. Specimens were brought away .0 bo examined and classified by natu ralists. In tho sides of some dwellings .here were found small recesses, evideut y used as cupboards for tho household itennils of thc family. Tho substance of he cliff was taila, a volcanic ash quite toft and easily worked by the rude im plements of the old builders. Upon the top of the Mesa or tableland ibove these caves there were found large circular structures, now in ruins but with ?"/alls to tho height cf ten or twelve feet ?till standing. They were evidently pla ies of worship. They were built of square atones of nearly uniform size, tbout twenty inches in length and four in thickness, cut from the cliff. Meas urements were made of two of these structures, one of which was 100 and the Dther 200 feet in diameter, and might have held from 1,000 to 2,000 people. The inference that these were places of worship is drawn from the fact that ino Pueblos of tho present day, who are fire and sun worshippers, bnve similar tem ples. No reman?s of altars were found, which fact is doubtle.--.-i to be explained by the exposed situatiou and the soft materials probably used iu the construc tion of such furnituro. The southern end of this cavo city, wbicb seemed to have been the most densely populated, presented many evidences of nrt and in Juoiij. Tu?s iueaiiiy is more brokeu, ind offers a better chance for successful resistance to the assaults ot an enemy. There were found many animal forms carved out of stone. In one place there vvere two life-sized mountain lions, ani mals which arc still peculiar to that re gion. There aro also to be seen mauy ?maller animal forms, so much worn away that it cannot be determined what they were designed to represjtrt. Upon stan ding walls in this neighborhood are many hieroglyphics, which from their resem blance to tho picture-writing of the liv ing Pueblos, may, Mr. Stevenson thinks, be partially, if not entirely, deciphered. The great ago of this city is proved by he vast accumulation of debris from the upper portion of the cliff, which covers its base. In places where moun tain brooks have cut their way through, the existence of ono and sometimes two rows of cave dwellings below the surface sf the debris is dhcioscd. Mr. Steven mu thinks that several centuries have passed since this dead city was in its primo. - The Hon. Cassius M. Clay, of Kentucky, has written a letter urging the Domination of Hon. Samuel J. Tilden ss tho Democratic candidate for tho next Presidency. Ho saya : "Montgomery Blair ia right when ho says that Tilden should have been our candidate in 1880, and again should bo in 1884." Astute politicians contend that there is some thing back of Ibis, which will be devel oped before lODg. A NEW ROMANO-'. Depicting Ute V?t? ot tu? Cotton Seed. Cvrretponde.i-'e of (lie Atlanta Constitution. ON THE TRAIN, January 1. Suppose, we start the new year wit!? n romance? All right, hero goes. Thc Romance of Cotton Seed ! lu the lavish and careles? days of sla very cotton was raised for its lint nione. This war swept off the suowy surface of the field and tho rest wns wasted. Un der the pr?sure of ^ po"erty tho Soutli learned that it was jus; i.s foolish to raise sheep for the fleece as tn ...he a cotton Mal!: for lint, and that thc heavy seed from which thc fibre flowered was just as valuable as the mutton from which tho wool grew. The story of the slow but sure way in which tho despised seed grew into appreciation is an inter esting one, involving enormous figures and illustrating the progress that is being made in the South. MAKING CRUDE Oil. FROM SEED. A year or two ago I wrote a letter concerning certain mills that lind been established for the purposo of pressing the oil out of cotton seed. Tho process was then a rough one, and the oil pro duced of inferior grade. Tho bulk of seed from which the oil had been taken was made into cakes nnd sold for stock food or fertilizer. Tbero wero tben about 1G seed oil mills in the South. Cotton seed was worth $6 a ton, and the oil 30 cents a gallon. Tbero aro now sixty-seven seed oil mills, land the price of cotton seed has doubled, being now about twelve dollars a ton. This increase of six dollars per ton for cotton seed adds about three dol lars to every bale of colton raised by far mers who sell their seed, as each bale represents a half ton of seed. The mills take thirty-five gallons of oil from every ton and sell it at forty cents a gallon. They thus take fourteen dol Ir. .-a of wealth ; from each ton of seed, and tho dry bulk left is better food or fertilizer than it was before tho oil was taken oct. Tho sixty seven mills worked up 180,000 tons last j year, stripping out $2,500,000 woith of oil that bad previously been wasted, and paying tho farmers nearly $1,000,000 more for the seed than the same seed would have brought three years ago. This business is increasing very rapidly, new mills being built every year. REFINING THE CRUDE oil,, But another step has been taken in tho handling of colton, and mills have been established for the purposo of refining cotton seed oil, nra thus increasing its value. Oil that has been refined is worth from 05 cents to $1 a gallon, wilily crude oil is worth only 50, BO that tho regaining process adds about 50 per cent and makes tho oil of ono ton of seed worth about ?22, or one-fourth thc value of the cotton that tbe seed produced. There aro nine of these refineries now in operation. Ono of them, iu Mont f?ornery, refines 100 barrels or 5,000 gal ona a day, thus adding $1,250 every day to the value of the product it handles. The other mills average perhaps 50 bar rels a day each, making 500 barrels a day for the total, thin creating a value of over $6,000 every twenty-four hours and adding it to a heretofore, despised product. This business is increasing rapidly. The profits are large, and next year will Bee the refining capacity doubled perhaps. The mills now run ning sell all they can make, nnd could sell ten times ns much. England and Fiance would take thc product of 100 refineries at present prices. Indeed, mest of tho mills Deli their yearly pro duct by contract. A iaie suit developed that and English company hnd deposited $30,000 in Memphis as a bonus to securo the output of one oil refinery for ono sea J son. . A SUBSTITUTE FOR LARD. In the meantime the refiners are cre ating a new market and a better demand for their oil. It is used largely as an illuminating oil, being the best for head lights and reflectors. It is used as an ; adulteration of linseed oil, and is pro I nounced by painters preferablo to the linseed itself. It U used almost entirely for packing fish and especially sardines in Amciica. And it is used as a substi tute for lard in cooking. It is made into what is called cotton butter, mid in this shape is rapidly supplanting lard. Two pieces of steak, ono fried with oil and the other with lard cannot be told apart. For bread it isa perfect subsr lute for lard and for batter breads it is much beater. In egg-brend it fills the place of eggs. In fact, in the kitch en, it is cleanlier, healthier, and better than 'ard, if tho testimony of housekeep ers can be taken. It is much cheaper. A pound of cotton butter will do the cooking of a pound and a half of lard, and cost only thirteen cents, while lard is worth sixteen to twenty cents. Wheu a pan of steak has been cooked with oil, the oil not absorbed in tho steak can bo poured back into tho can and used again, being just as clear and pureas before it was put over the fire. If it was used entiroly in the place of lard, we should have to write the epitaph, "Died of a Fryiug Pan" over " departed Southern vigor, less frequently than before. This eil has been tried in making the lightest and best of cakes, and found incompara ble. I asked Mr. J. K. Boston, who is interested in the sale of cotton butter, why it was, it being half as costly, quite as good, and cleanlier than lard, it did not supplant it at once and entirely. "Simply because there is a prejudice against changing a custom which our fathers and mothers used. It is just tho same prejudice that caused people to car ry a pumpkin nt one end of a slick and balnnce it with a rf" _t tho other for years and years . i .oro they discovered that they could put ono pumpkin up against another. However, it is being introduced more rapidly than wo had dared to hope." '.'If you can sell all you refino," I asked Mr. Boston the other day, "to Eu rope, why do you labor to create a do mand in America?" "Simply because if we open a new market we make a larger demand and better prices. We have just shipped 1,000 barrels from tho Montgomery re finery at 65 cents a gallon. At 13 cents a pound for cotton nutter, every gallon of oil will yield fl. For many reasons we prefer a homo market, and then we believo wo do a good thing in substitut ing this perfectly clean, puro vegetable oil for lard in the kitchens of our homes. Aa for the demand, I tell you that if every ton of cotton seed in the South was pressed next year I could sell thc entire oil output before tho 15th of No vember. I could actually have it sold before it was made." AN ENORMOUS WASTAGE. "Now, let me show what a wastage there is. The cotton crop of last year produced over 3,000,000 tons of seed-it averaging about a half ton of seed to every bale of cotton. Of this amount only 180.000 tons, or about one-sixteenth, was worked up. With the other 2,800, 000 there was buried and wasted 98,000 000 g?tions of oil, worth in its crude state (40 cenU.) $39,200,000, or in its refined state (65 cents,) $62,200,000." I speak advisedly when I say wasted, for it was literally wasted. Tbo vast amount of seed not put through tho J mills, was used ?or iced for stock or fer ; tilizers. But it is demonstrable that tho ! seed is better for cither food or fertili nra after tho oil bus been taken out than ' before. The oil makes it too rich (or . food, and retards its decomposition and I assimilation as a fertilizer. A ton of the j meal, tho bulk left after tho oil is taken out, is worth $18 a ton, or nearly twice ' as much as a ton of seed. Indeed, Mr. Boston tells mc that be exchanges on bis farm, two tons of seed for oue ton of meal. The bull of tho seed is used as fuel at the mills, und tho ushes from these hulls is worth $2.r> n ton, for fertil izing uses. If the whole crop of cotton seed was worked through tho oil mills, therefore, it would add over $00,000,000 to thc value of tho cotton crop, and not deprive tho land of ono nouna of fertilizer, or tho cattle and sliecp of ono pound ol feed. Indeed, it would only assist the land and thc stock in digesting thc food, and make it moro ngrceab*. to them, And yet we work up only ono-sixteenth of the seed. One difficulty, of course, is the lack ol capital with wbicb to build nulls. Tim is being rapidly eliminated. Each year secs new mills added, and tho future will show even brisker growth. I bear thal Mr. II. I. Kimball is going to'establish a refinery in Atlanta, mid that the for mer owticr of CatooBit springs will estab lish ono in Dalton. No legitimate en terprise in the South need over Inck foi capital again. Another difficulty, and quito a serious one, is thal thc mills v-Mi nni buy enough seed to keep them busy the year through. The farmers having been accustomed for years to throw theil seed bnck on tho ground or to wnHto il altogether, still purdue that pinn. Ol course, mills established in new localities will bo supplied from new territory Even old mills find it easier lo buy sect every year. Tho riso in the price tempt new farmers to sell, and in a short tim? tho mills will get all the seed they want Then they will run twelve mouths it tho year Instead of six months as a present, nnd their capacity will bo prac tically doubled. A STEP STILL KURTJIEIl FORWARD. Now, wo hnvo seen how, in tho pas few years, we havo taken from a ton o cotton seed 3f> gallons of oil, hilbert* wasted, worth first 30 nnd -10 cents a gal ton ; and we have seen under this proc?s thc cash value of a ton of cotton seed ris from $? to $12. Wo havo seen further,! Bystem of refining established by whicl this crude oil, selling nt 40 cents n gal lou, bas benn mado worth (JG cents to $ a gallon. But wc HIIOUKI not stop cvei here. Thc American Grocer shows tba salad oil and olive di is selling in Nei York from $2.50 to $1 a gallon. Ther is not tho slightest doubt tout this is ou cotton seed oil, refined tip to the highct point and sold in fancy bottles nt Jane prices. Analysis shows this-tho export and imports show it-and American who have been to Europe nnd European who come beru affirm it. Indeed, sine thc excellent qualities of the cotton see oil hove been demonstrated, it is nc denied by tboso who sell it that tho fine ult ; oils owe their origin to this hu mb] a ni despised seed. Now, tho mau who sells this oil at ? a gallon gets more for the oil than th lint from tho same seed gives tho fanni fer allowing 20 pei cent for ioss in ri fining) the oil would bc worth $112 pi ton, while two bales of cotton whir came from thc same ton of KG?U woul not briug over $00. If the refiner in Marseilles or Anlwei can alford to send over here for bis crut oil, pay its way across the ocean twit and its duty at New York and still g rich on it, how much bettor could be ( by establishing bis refinery in thc Soul ere Stutes. And this is what . w conic to. Hud tho cottonseed beengrov in New England, every villugo wou now have its refinery, und would ba rc-establiuhec* in the making of "pu olive oil" a cute industry that died wi the decadence of wooden nutmegs, ni languished when tnedemnnd for liann< sausage was dismissed. There is not the whole range of tinture, a more pc feet economy than is furnished in t handling of cotton seed. It comes to t mill bursting with nu oil the quality which is incomparable and the deina for which ia cxhaustlcss. The bulk the seed becomes more valuable ns article of commerce and more useful : its matcriul purpose after this wealth oil bas been pressed out. In its bulb furnishes thc fuel for tho machin, used to crush tho balsam from its bod] carries even into its ushes nil thc vail ble properties of its bulls. Consider! these things, and thc contempt in whi this precious seed has been held, is there a tinge of romance'iii its devel ment, its b?n?ficient adjustments and perfect vindication. H. W. G Ex-Sccrctnry Blaine to thc SoutL Thc following letter from ex-Secret Blaine was read ut thc close of the lauta Exposition on Saturday : WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. 2: The Hun. H. J. Kimball, Atlanta: DEAR SIR : It ia a source of sim regret with mc that I am not abb visit your Colton Exposition in rcspo to tho very cordial invitation with wi I havo been honored. Tho pressure public and private engagements bas i tiered it impossible. I congratulate people of Georgia und of tho wi country upon thc great success that attended the enterprise. It is evide of a reconstruction of matcriul pros] itv llirnni?linii?. iii? Sc'-th thst ?5 g?'?i lng to every patriotic man. Good f. cr?ment is essential to prosperity am tho people; aud, in truth, prospe among thc people is thc safest guarm of good government. Discontent always breed disorder. Contentment holds tho reign of law. For forty y preceding tho lute war tho Northern Southern people wcro continually gi iug apart, willi different aims and di ent interests, cherishing different h und looking to different destinies, tho last few years they have been coi together, und it is sale to say that a1 time nineo tho slavery agitation of have they been as closely united an cordially related ns to-day. We bc stronger, broader, deeper patriotism a loftier aud worthier pride in the zensbip of tho great republic. We ono country, ami it is our cou "From Maine to Georgia" onco tip tho extremes of tho Union, as it did extremes of antagonism. Maine Georgia can now interchange visits single week, and-let Ibero bo no between us, "for we be brethren." Sincerely yours, JAMES G. BLAH - Tho Civil Service Reform A&i lion of Boston will extensively eire for signatures a petition to Congress ing that body for tho passage of providing for competitivo examini for appointments to subordinate exec offices, and that removals from sud ces shall be Liado for legitimate c only. THE CAROLIN! EXODUS. ! New? nutt Comment About th? Negi Hegira. Correspondence of the .Vein and Courier. SUMTER COUNTY, S. C., January 2. There is great unrest among the nc groes, and at least five hundred familie j ire preparing to ienvG thc county in th ! carly spring. The farming interesta ar ?reatly imperilled. The complaint is , Iigh rents, High taxes, tho Stock an Election laws. DISTRESS IS THE COUNTY. A meeting was held at Mechanicsvill on December 29 lo receive and act uno Ibo report of the committee which nu> , been appointed rt tho prior meeting : held on December 22d, "to dov'sc way j and means by which supplies may b obtained the coining year.'' The meet ing was called to order by Trial Justic Frazer, J, W. Wcsberry acting aa secre tary. The conimitleo presented to tin meeting a preamble ana petition, pray ing the Legislature tn take action. Alto discussion by Trial Justice Fraser, lsaai McLaughlin, J. NV. Wesberry, Capt Williamson and Dr. H. D. Green, tin , said preamble and petition waa unani mmi?ly adopted. A committee was tbet chosen to present tho papers to the Leg ?slat ure. The Sumter Watchman learns that tb? preamble nnd petition referred to in UK report of tho nicol'ng is an appeal to thc Legislature for thc relief of tho destltU' timi in that section, caused by the failure of the last crops. It cuya : Wo are forced to regard tho movement ns unwise We havo no idea that starvation is sc f,(moral or imminent as to require cgislativo interference. Though tuen may bo considerable pressuro for money, and tho outlook seemB gloomy enough, and even real wnut may invado the homes of a few, we aro satisfied that the best course to pursue is to meet those individual emergencies as individu uals. If their sufferings are in any exaggerated, thc people of thoso town ships havo done themselves a great injus tice ; for by these movements they not only reduce their credit and reflect upon the resources of our county, but they place then.selves in an attitudo which lc incompatible with that prido and inde pendence which is as essential to thc prosperity of communities as it is ol individuals. From the Augusta News. A long letter written from Trenton to the News nnd Courier giving an account of tho negro exodus from Edgefiold, waa written by some one who in evidently fully acquainted with the facts. The reason set forth and tho deductions drar;n frc n thin movement are cogent and well-timed, and although coming rather too lato to mend matters, will serve to warn tho planters in other por tions of that State not to kill the goose that lays the golden egg. From the Washington Post. Some of our South Carolina contempo raries are needlessly alarmed, so we think,'over tho commencement of a negro exodus from certain portions of that State, tho extent of which they pro fess their inability to foresee, xhe aver age negro laborer is liable to become restless if his earnings at the end of the year do not seem to be just what they ought, and to feel that a change only is necessary to improve his condition. Sudden movements of nny considerable body of working men and women will cause temporary inconvenience to thos? in need of banda, but it cannot be pro longed. Thc idea that nono but negro labor could raiso cotton hos happily been exploded by the actual experience of the last fifteen years, and there is no reason why white men should not take and more than fill the places made vacant by any removal of negroes that may happen, In view of the political perplex-.tie. I which South Carolians are constantly 1 encountering, brought about by the pres enco of so largo a body of ignorant voter?, it would seem as if tho State could well sparc quito a percentage 0! I that class of citizens, and look to ?he j chances of supplying the vacum wit! immigrants of another* character. Ne Southern Stato will suffer eventually j from emigration of her colored popula ti on. From (hr Philadelphia Times. If there is just cause for thc discon tent shown by the colored race in por lions of tiie South it is the result of condi tions which arc not only uot approved noi sought to be perpetuated by the enlight ened and progressive elements of the Southern whites, but which are clearly recognized, condemned and systematical' ly reformed wherever they can be reach ed and denlt with. Bishop Warren, wbe addressed the colored people at thc Atlanta exhibition on "Freedman*! Day," December 29th, boasted that the colored schools were among tho best ic Atlanta and that whites and black? stood on an equal footing as to advanta gea for future progress.^ Ho added thal thc school which is doing moat in thai city to develop tho industrial aptitude ai well as the mental character of its stu dents is a colored college. Mr. Pledger the colored editor of the Journal nf Pro gress, claimed with evident sincerity anc pride that in the more progressive sec lions of the South the negro is "sido bj side in tho race for life with the ex-mas ter,' with thc jealousies of tho past sc far removed that ho feels at home anc among friends. In the purely agricultu ral districts the negroes will gradu ally learn the limitations of their right! and the employers will find out tba permanent content among the laborers OB *.vho:r. they r.ro so miiircijr drponden can only be secured by right fail'dealing Ignorance on ono side and love of gail on thc other complicate the labor prob lem nt thc South, and the beet meu re cognize this condition of things, and ar fighting it, with every prospect of swif reform. A SOIT ANSWER.-"Can I see tho la dy of the house ?" inquired the peddlei "Well, yes, you can if you ain't blind ?' snapped the woman who had answerer the bell. "Oh, beg pardon, madam ; you are th lady of thehou'o, then?" "Yes, I am I What d'yer take mo fur Did yer think I was the gentleman of th house, or tho next door neighbor, or th icecbist?" "I didn't know, madamo, but yoi might bc tho voungest daughter." "O, did yer ? Well, that waa nat'ra too." replied the lady of the house. "Whatdid yer want, air?" When tho peddler displayed his waree aud when he left the door step half at hour later, his face was full of pleasur and bia pockets were full of money. H understood human nature and hat! mad a good sale. - Proaident Garfield's tomb in Clove land is kept covered with flowers, whic aro renewed daily. The fr noral car stand within a ghii house at tho baso of th hill on which tho monument is to b placed. A dolachment of United State iroops still guards tho vault, which i visited daily by hundreds of pooplo. ~ CONTROLING THE WEATHER. o Dr. Woolf oik Tell* How It Cv-a be Med? ie Order ?nd Furnished In Any Quantity. Dr. Woolfollf, of Danville; occupied the rostrum last night at the Polytechnic Society, and the usually large audience ,8 was in attendance at an early hour. The 0 oubject of tho lecture, "The Control of 0 the Weather," iu itself nn abtractivcono, . was treated in a manner tbat kept the j hearers in wrapped attention throughout Tbe lecturer was introduced by the Ber. Dr. Broadus, and a hearty vote of thanks ?assed by the audience at ita conclusion, be lecture was illustrated by brilliant Q and interesting charts, showing the cor il redness of the author's viewe. Alto N gether the subjoct gsined many follow ? ere, and will no doubt, at some future e date, attract tbe notice of our Govern* . ment, which is the object of Dr. Wool o folk's lecturing. Tho following is the - substance of the argument : 9 He showed that cannon firing causes a . vortex over the area of gunpowder ex r plosion, through which the polar current : will pl /ays break its track, attended . with storms of rain in summer and suow Q in winter, followed by Revere cold. He - further set forth that the polar current ? may be thus confined to one track by - canuouades, while everywhere around the globe tho tropical current flows ' northward upon the lUrface of the earth, ! maintaining a mild temperature through ' out winter. Many facts were cited proving the } correctness of this theory. The winter ! of the siege of Sebastopol was exceed . (ugly severe in Europe and as mild aa > summer in America. The winter of ? 1863-4, during the cannon firing of ) Chicamauga, Knoxville and Missionary , Ridge, was extremely cold in America i and warm as summer iu Europe. Tbe > winter of the Franco-Prussian war i (1870-1) was remarkably severe in i Europe and exceedingly mild in Ameri ca. Tbe winter of the Carlist war in ' Spain (1875-0) was severe in Europo and warm in America. Tho weather phenomena of the Russo ? Turkish war bear out the theory in a i remarkable manner. Tho polar enrrent was kept continually flowing over tho i area of the caunen firing in Turkey and Armenia, attended with immense prc i cipitation. Tho Danube was kept . swollen with rains for months ; tho Tigris overflowed its banks-a phenome non that has not occurred before in tho memory of roan. While Eastern Europe and Western Asia were thus deluged with rains, tho season was unusually dry in America, where tho trop.cal current constantly flowed due north toward the polar area to take the placo of the polar sir which was kept constantly flowing southward over the area of cannonades. In this tropical current local vortices formed, giving local showers, but the season was unusually dry in America. . During the fall months heavy enow fell in Turkey and Aroerica, showing tho presence .'( the polar current over the area of combat. Even in September two feet of snow was reported in the , Balkan range. While the track of tho ' polar current was still kept open in Eas tern Europe the tropical current WAS constantly flowing northward over the United States, maintaining a mild tem perature till tho ond of December. The weather iu December was warmer than tho averago temperature in tho month of May. Except utiriug two days ot mod , crate cold, the tropical curreut flowed steadily from the south maintaining a ? mild, genera! temperature during ?heen tire tall and the first winter mouth. > By comparing tho weather charts with i the telegram;) of cannonades tho effect i of cannon firing on the weather may be i readily perceived. A cannonade was ? uniformly followed by an irruption of i the polar curreut over the area of com , bat, while a compensating flow of the j tropical current northward into tho polar p aroa occurred in America. While the . tropical fluid is flowing freely northward t we have warm, sunny weather, which j J bas usually lasted about a week. Thou f j tho currents become obstructed and ; I cloudy weather, with rain, follows ; then ! another flow of the tropical current, i with clear, sunny weather, or, if no bat r tlc occurs, the curronts coutinue their . conflict, with warn, cloudy weather at first, followed by tba usual alterations of winter weather. The great battte in which tho Spanish ' Carlista were finally overthrown was ? fought on a Saturday in March, 1876. * Fow two weeks before, the weather in ? America had been severe. But on that ' Saturday night the tropical current be ) gan to sweep northward at the rate of ' thirty miles nn hour, and the weather ? became at once warm as spring in the * latitude of the lakes ; and simultaneous > ly the polar current swept scuth across > England and Spain, causing extremely * severe cold. > Not to cuutnerate other instances, the S;reat battle at the fall of Plevna was bllowed by an eruption of tho polar * curreut over the scene of strife, and a - flow of the tropical current over the t United States, giviug us a week of clear, * warm spring. I regard my theory now as practically ? demonstrated. The atmospheric cur * rents of the globe move with tho rogu 1 larity of a grand machine, all mutually - interconnected and responsive through f out the globe to tbe force of a single ' local cause. By cannonades maintainr i > upon tbo westernmost of the Aleutian I islands tho track of the polar current * may bo kept open in the Pacific ocean ' during the entire winter, and the tropi i cal current will bathe ali the continent! t of the northern hemisphere in warn: ? breezes from ?.h? -rop!c?, -"Iztzizlzi t bright, sunny Bummer weather all win * ter. Grass will grow in winter arie i flowers will bloom as in the month o * May. Snows will disappear from Britisl - America ; Greenland will once moro de a serve the name bestowed upon lt by th * Norse discoverers of the Tenth century and Siber * no longer covered with ano* will once more possess the same balm; * climate as of old, when the mammot '. roamed her forests. The grand dolt " regions around the frigid zone witl b i rendered habitablo. and the Arctic oceat freed from ice, will become the gret o highway of the world's commerce. Tb rainless regions of Asia and Americ ? will bo no longer desert, but will be fei e tile os in the olden timo when the 0 teemed with population. This blessing may be secured to tb 1 human race by the expenditure of $1 000,000 a year. Two Government ve 1 sels, of fifty guns each, stationed in tl Aleutian islands for three months wi practically test the theory at an ?xpcn i, of $500,000. a tai o -. Skiggins had an altercation wi o a roan, called him a Har, and waa prom; o ly knocked down. Now he says he'll I more careful how ho talks to folks, and the future before ho calls a mah a ll he'll always ask him if he's telling t jj truth or not, and take his word for Is Coal Oil or Petroleum may be w e nice for illuminating or lubricating pi e poses, but surely it is not tho proi ss. thiugtocurea cough with. Dr. Bu ls Cough Syrup is looked upon as the stat ''art]IQcrogh remedy.