University of South Carolina Libraries
E. 13. MUHRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 10. 1881. VOT.?TiUTC A'VTT ...TS.TO ic ?? nv/juino?jjiii (iud 1?ETAIL URNITURE WAREROQMS. GK IF. TOLLY, rs the Leader of Low Prices in Furniture in this State, announces to Hie publ ic j hat he has greatly enlarged his Wnrerooms and is Enabled to carry the LARGEST STOCK OF FURNITUR^ TIURSlhvVv TESTON. I base on hand, and am ..lill receiving direct from the best manuLuT ? lui dc*cn?iion3> which 1 ?uuruutee to ?ell eheaper tuan Bt0CKin 0n. (00<Vt?0adH ?f ?''Terent kinds, and vood Bedsteads can be . i? V . -Yr' Zt.: j. u R'r*5'' ai ?/.au ano upwards. ts ol nil styles and descriptions, freu a Suite consisting of French Bedstead BIL tb arch standard und glass plate . ur Cane Seat Chair*, one Cane Seat'and Sek mg Chair, oneTowelcnd Washst: nd with Drawer and one Table nt ttlW.50 BO.andevch^hingclse in proportion. Tiu muten, two doors'and drawer Outre I able, 2 feet six nel.es diameter, at ?I.SO apiece Unsh , with drawer and lowclend attfl.2?. Wardrobes, Sideboards. Manages Par .s, CHEAPER THAN ANYBODY ELSE. Children* CanS ^d fVerythiiiRkept in a lirst-class 1ruriiilureSti.ro. On hand a lin- lot of ff 1F ?nd CASKETS, from a->.>.U0 Cof.In to the finest Class Casket at *l(jo linost lifetime experience, and buying for Cash, and from lir i bands enables rn? that I f AN NOT ANI> WILli NOT MK UNDERSOLD. My SS DEPOT STREET. Come and ?ce me and be convinced " "urtroon J- H). 1880 33 - 40 -- Practical Points of Sonority EMBODIED IN THE NEW REMINGTON SEWING MACHINE. tensions arc perfect, and do not vary with different rates of speed, does work at a higher rate of speed than any other Shuttle Machine. , has no springs in its tensions. ts tensions ?lo not vary when using uneven thread, s needle is self-setting and securely held in place by a grooved clump, will not skip stitches. , will never break a needle with ordinary care. , bas an accurate gauge by which to set u needle. ; has thu only perfect thread controller, making the ' perfect lock stitch." lt never "loops" stitches on the work, fe pews over heavy scams with the greatest e;i5e. fe will sew and feed work at the extreme educ in commencing, ls stitch may be lengthened or shortened while running at its highest speed. t has a most convenient spooler. ts shuttle is self-threading and carries a very larne quantity of thread. tssbitttlo ?scamed in an adjustable race, ensuring accuracy without friction. is driving belt can bc tightened Instantly without cutting. t sews all grades of material with least change. t never has "lits" and cannot net "out of order." ts motions being positive, it cannot get "out of time." t is most accurately adjusted in constrij"t:'o!i. ts parts ure interchangeable, and can bc duplicated at a trilling cost. ts wearing parts are made of hardened steel. t has but few bearings, consequently but little friction. t runs more lightly than an j other Sewing Machine. t runs more quietly than any other Shuttle Machine. t has no "cog gear wheels" to run hard and noisy. t lins no "roller cams" to run slow and heavy. t has no "lever arms" to increase friction and wear. t is more conveniently arranged for oiling and cleaning. t requires hut little oil, and will not gum up and run hurd. ts table is lower, giving more perfect control over thc work. ts treadle motion being evenly balanced, will not fatigue the operator, ts feed can be more easily raised and lowered. 3t is more symmetrical in all its proportions, gts attach men ts are more easily adjusted. gt has a stop-motion for windin;; bobbin without removing the work. Ht has fewer parts than any other Machine. Hts paris are so adjusted that all wear may be taken up. pt has superior woodwork to any other Machine. ALL MACHINES WARRANTED IX EVERY RESPECT. McCULLY & TAYLOR, Ager.1'; for Hie New Remington Sewing Machines, Attachments, Needles, ?c., ANDERSON, S. C. WE are also in the market with a large and well-selected stock of GEN'EKAL HAND17.FI. comprising all the Goods needed by the average consumer of our . y. These Goods have been selected at the principal markets of the United Statps, t'as low ns thc low "at, and we are fully prepared to compete with any houne in the ntry. Wc art LA ROE CASH BUYERS OE COTTON, and are paying full for all grades of ibo B?aple. Parties indebted to us for SUPPLIES, GUANO, MACHINERY, or otherwise, muled to cull and setMc ?heir obligerions. ".:> it is our intention to bring all out ng claims to a settlement. McCULLY & TAYLOR. G, 1881 13 UICE SALES AND SMALL PROFITS. E DESIRE lo call the attention of our friends and customers TO OCR LARGE STOCK OF GOODS, consisting, in part, of a FULL LINE OF DRY GOODS, leached and brown Shirtings and Sheetings, Print?, Worsted Dress Goods, Jeans, Virginia Cassimeres, Elannels, A SPLENDID lot of BLANKETS, LADIES' CLOAKS, The best Shirts and best fitting. Call and see them. JL FULL LI IV I'.! OJF HARDWARE, Carpet?, Mutti and Ytxtga, ATS, CAPS, SADDLES AND BRIDLES, Shoes and Boots. call particular attention to our "Bay State" Boots and Shoes, and T. Miles & Sons and Shoes. Wo warrant every pair. Give them a trial. CROCKERY, CHINA AND GLASSWARE. GROCERIES. ar, Coffee, Molasses, Bacon, Lard. The finest Tea in the marke! Mackerel. A ne of Fancy Groceries. Out Mea!. Try our Roasted Coffee. We keep thc EKST R that is made. Skins, Sole Leather and Lining Skins, Woodenware Trun**? and Valises. fe keep GOOD GOODS, and wc desire to show them. We think we can satisfy Prices and Quality. Please give us a call before buying. A. B. TOWERS & CO., No. 4- Granito Row. f ? It is important that persons ..wing us for GUANO and other SUPPLIES should in their Cotton and settle promptly. This is important, as it will enable us to pay we owe. Malte a note or Ibis, and rcmcm^crBM.foWrRa * <m i2 _ ^ ^ . B. CLARK & SONS, MERCHANT TAILORS, AND DEALERS IN L KINDS OF GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS. E desire to call tho attention or the public to thc fact that we have the largest stock of Gcntlcmcns' Goods we over had AND ARE SELLING THEM AT HARD TIME PRICES. have a beautiful line ol English Diagonals and Worsted Goods Alao. "J*** J in g-ent variety. Our Uno of Foreign and Domestic Suitings mid I au ts Goods ot be equalled this hide of New York. _ " . I?.??* are fully prepared to f UT AND MAKE UP CLOTHING in the very latest best styles. , " . -, , NOTION AND UNDERWEAR DEPARTMENT, such ns .Suspenden, Col Cuffs, Neck Tiesaud Scarfs, Fine Dress Shirts, both laundried and unlaundneu, nels, &C., ia complete. ... , , AT8-Wc have a large and very pretty stock of Hats, of thc very latest styles. READY MADE CLOTHING. e would ask nil In search of a Suit all rwuly made to bc sure to call and see our tk In thia line before buying. You cnn buy a Suit at any price you want. U\ un vT3 in great variety. * ,. ._. WTT c guarantee satisfaction in crory Instance, ar.d will sell ai low as the lowest, WK AN WHAT WE SAY. IN THE CENTENNIAL BUILDING. it 0, 18*1 13 Ol li FITURE GREATNESS. ADMIKAIII.K AI)IMtl>? OF HON. G KO. Ii. I.OIUNO. Word? of Wisdom Addressed to Ute Agri culturist* of the South-Itcviou o? thc l'ositibllitie.s o? Our Futuro Production The Elementa und Mcaul o? Wealth Div. cussed. 'flic following is tho full report of i lie valuable and eloquent address of lion. Gecrgc ll. Luring, United States Com? utissioucr of Agriculture, as delivered in Judges' Hall at the Atlanta Exposition ou the 2nd inst. : GFNTI.F.MEN : The national importance of this Exposition, which has been col lected aud arranged with KO much nergy aud skill, cannot be overestimated. Or ganized us it is, in oue of the great pro duciug s"ctions of our country, and re ceiving its uame from one ol' the most important and vnluable of all our com mercial staples, it has nuturally drawn together a collection ol products in wo icu almost every industry is represented, and in which thc ingenuity of the American people ia admirably illustrated. It fur nishes, moreover, un opportunity for tho discussion ol' those practical questions itl)oii a wise oolutiou ol" which our pros perky aud success depe:id. Standing herc and surveying this vast accumula tion of iu 'jstrial wealth, our minds turn naturally to those practical investigations \<hich develop, and to tbosc economic problems which guille and iulluence the industrial work which lies ul thc founda tion of our civil power aud our social i comfort aud refinement. It is in a con- i volition of intelligent cultivators, and ; great inventors, and sagacious organizers i that tho policy best adapted tc encourage i ami strengthen thc band of toil may i properly be discussed, aud it is in such a i convention that tho lessons taught by ex- i perience may most easily be learned. < i'be wisdom, therefore, which designed i the patience, which developed the skill, < which arranged this impressive school of I industry, have secured for it a place i among thc great efforts of our day to I rouae mid encourage man by an impos- | ing display of the fruits ol bis labor, i Believing, as I do, in thc vast importance i of industrial associations ol' every kind, 1 I couut myself fortunato in having an < opportunity to luke part iu this organ- ] ?zed endeavor lo exhibit what has been ] done to develop the industry of this sec- : tiou of our country, und to discover, if f possible, what may still be done lo pro- i mote its progress in material prosperity, aud in mental and moral advancement. : in the arrangement of that biilliant in- i dustrial display which marked the close < of tho first century ol' our uation.il ex- I istence. and in which America won the I admiration of the civilized world, 1 bad i the honor to perform an official service < which I now recall with peculiar satis faction. Not many months ago I took part in the opening exercises of an In- 1 dustrial Exposition in my native State, 1 iu which tho achievements of manu lau- ( turers and mechanics surpassed anything which words cuu describe. And I now ] congratulate myself that I can join in ono ] moie gratifying uud significant illustra- '. lion ot the growth of American industry, - and of thc wisdom of that policy which bas encouraged and protected it. Before entering upon a discussion of ] the special industry which lias called us t together, I am sure you will allow mc to : remind you of the growth of our country I in products of every description, as a 1 powerful argument und a useful lesson 3 for this hour, and to call your atteution j to that wonderful development of which - the cotton industry of the South forms a . conspicuous part. In agriculture, the '. increase has been astonishing, and ac counts for that vast iuternal and foreign , commerce, out of which hus grown so j much of our financial success, lt is not , necessary to go back a half century or < even twenty-five years to obtain the most { gratifying evidence of our progress in the ; work of tilling the sod. But starting in < 1870, at which time we bad reached an j enormous production in proportion to > our population, and making our compar- | isons with the returns of 1880, we may ( learn what can be accomplished in a sin gle decade by a people eonstauliy in- t creasing in numbers, aud occupying new j lauds. In 1870 thc amount of cotton ] produced was 4,852,317 bales; in 1880, < more than 0,000,000 bales. In 1S70 the | amount of Indian corn raised was 760,- j 044 549 bushels ; in 1880, 1,754,449,485 ; bushels. In 1870 tho wheat crop was | 287,745,020 bushels ; in 18S0, it was 458. 007,048 bushels. In 1870 the crop of . oats reached 282,107,157 bushels; in \ 1880, 407,859,038 bushels. In 1870 the ? tobacco crop amounted to 202,735,841 l pounds; iu 1880, it amounted to 473,- j 107.578 pounds. The increase of agri cultural products was nearly one hun- i dred per cent, in these ten years. And ; in the last year of this decude, from 1879 j to 1880, out of this vast increase of our ( crops and produc?s, our cattle exports ? rose from $13,000,000 to $14,000,000 ; J corn from $43,000,000 to $50,000,000; , wheat from $107,098,000 to $190,540,000; t flour from $35,000,000 to $-15,000,000 ; j cottou from $209,852,000 to $245,534,301 ; { beef from $7,000,000 to $12,000,000; lard from $28,000,000 to $35,000,000; and i pork from $5,000,000 to $8,000,000. 1 Mark also the growth of American j manufactures in half a century. In 1880 t the amount iuvested in cotton muuufac- , turcs was a little more than $40,000,000. ( The number of spindles ?vas a million ( aud a quarter. The number of niales employed was 18,539, and tho number of { females was 88,927. The amount of cot- y ton used was 77,759,316 pounds. Fifty j years have passed away, aud tho number < of spindles hus increased to 10,769,147. j Thc amount of cotton used in 1880 was j 793,210,500 pounds. The number of per- ( sous employed is 181,028, and the amount t of capital invested is more than $225,- ? 000,000 in mills aud subsidiary work. Of f our wooleu manufactures the statistics j are more imperfect. But I have aaccr- < taincd tbut in 1840 the capital invested < in this enterprise was $15,765,124 ; tho j number of pounds of wool used was 50,- < S08.524 ; the uumbcr of bands employed ( was 21,342. und the value of the product , was $20,696,699 In 1SS0, the value of s woolens, worsted, carpets and hosiery < produced was $234,587,671 ; thc amount ' of wool used was 187,616,005 pounds; j thc wages paid amounted to $45,959.012 ; , , the total value of the materials used was | $145,141,70S. The product increased from 1870 to 18S0 nearly $20,000,000. j lu 1870 the ?dlk productions of the Uuited Stales were valued at $12,210,662; in 1880 at $34,410,403. l^ifty years ago the shoe and leather industry had hardly a national reputa tion. In 1870, however, there were 4,2-37 tanneries in thc Uuited Slates, employ ing 20,784 hands, using a capital of $42, 710,005, paying in wages $7,934,416 an nually, producing leather valued at $86, 169,883, using moro than $9.000,000 worth of bark, nearly 9,000,000 hides bpd 9,664,000 skins. There were also 8,085 currying establishments, employing 10,000 hands; absorbing $12,000,000 caji- . ital, . d producing $54,191,107. Thero were, moreover, 3,151 establishments for the manufacture of hoots and shoes, em-1 ploying 91,702 hands, with a capital of j $37",519,019, paving in wages $42,504,444 annually, using $SO,502,718 worth of I Ituther, manufacturing boots valued at $50,231,470, aud ?.bo?.-?, valued at $93,840, 20.'}, with U production valued ut $140, 704,000. The growth of tho iron and steel in dustry bas been equally remarkable. In 1JS1U wc produced but 5? ?,000 tous of iron, and our largest furnace could yield but 1,500 tons annually. In 1830, the pro duct was 165,000 tons ; in 1810, 315,000 tons; in ISIS, 800,000 tous; iu 1800, 1,000.000 tons. 7n 1SS0 thc iron ?nd Bteel works of thu i nited Staten produced 7,2o?,lu<' tons, as against 3,055,215 in 1870. The capital invested was $2.''i?, 071,884 ; Uio number of bands employed was 110,078 : the wages paid amounted to$55,470.785; and the value of all the products was $200,557,085. III the manufacture of machinery the capital iuvestcd has increased from* $15, 000,000 to $40,000,00') iu twenty years, aud the annual value of tue product is more thau $20,000,000. The aggregate unuunl product of the manufacturing ami mechanical indebted ness of the Unite '. States is now more thau six thousand millions of dollars. Of this vast product lcm than two hun dred millions are exported. Aud of the $9,000,000,000 produced by agriculture, less thau Icu per cent, is exported. Ou tho self-supporting power of tho Ameri can people, and of tho mutual relations existing between our industries, it is, in view ol these figures, unnecessary to en large. Conspicuous among these products to which 1 have alluded stands tho cotton crop, which, although not tho largest of our agricultura! products, stands in such ii rclutiou to our commerce and manufac tures, that it exerts a great influence ti pon our prosperity and progress. Oc cupying a large area in ten of tho most truly agricultural .States of tho Union, it supplies a large agricultural population ivith the means of subsistence, and con nects them immediately with the traffic ?f the outer world. And while it is not die largest crop in those Staten and does uot occupy the largest urea of land, it (bruis the nucleus around which the other productive industries gather, and forms die basis ol the transportation aud trade d' the section adapted to its growth. Under careless cultivation ami adverse :ircumslanccs it euables au agricultural population to pursue their industry ; and properly conducted iu favorable seasons iud on well selected aud well cultivated mil, it is undoubtedly the foundation of jiosl reliable and profitable farming. In discussing tue value of this crop ind its relations to tho agriculture of thc Coutil, having already pointed out its niluc in connection with the manufac tures of the country, I think it is impor tant to understand the area of the cotton stales and the acreage devoted io agri ..ultural purposes. Superficial area. Farm area, acres. acres. S?rth Carolina. 32,450,500 10,835,410 South Carolina. 21,750,000 12,105,28c Jeoraia. 37,i2o,uuo 23,047,941 Florida. 37,931,520 2.373,541 Alabama . 32,402,080 14,001,17? Mississippi. 30,17??,8P.< 13,121,lia Louisiana. 20,401,440 7,025,817 Texas.lT?.?S?,?!') 18.390,523 Arkansas. 33,400,720 7,697,20C Tennessee. 20,lh4,Ouo 10,581,214 Of these ncres devoted to farming pur poses, lhere were improved according tc .he ccusus of 1880, in S?rth Carolina. 0,527,054 acm South Carolina. 4,173,354 acm ?eonria. 8,207,721* acre Florida. 047,040 acre Alabama. 0,37">,7UI> acre; Mississippi. 5,220,173 acm Texas.12,000,043 ai re Arkansas. 3,595,093 acm Tennessee. 8,408,222 acm It will be seen that while thc superb* dal area of these States is 450,000,00? lcrcs, the tilled area is scarcely ene teuti >f lue whole surface. Of this area 14, 547,008 acres are devoted to cotton ; 17, ?48,814 to corn ; 2,845,075 to oats ; 3, J77,798 to wheat; 141,513 to rye; 147, )30 to barley. The product of which ir 1880 was ot colton, 5.0SS,184 huies ; corn 208,435,375 bushels; oats. 29.?34.89 jushels; wheat, 20,442,008 bushels ; rye ?55,070 bushels, barley, 117,930bushels The relation which cutten culture bear 0 other crops in these States haviiij Lieen ascertained, it may be interesting ! ?now the yield per acre in order lo un icrslund ihc money value of the crop t thc farmer. It hus been found that th land in North Carolina yields one balet 2.87 acres, South Carolina, a bale to 3.2 icres; Georgia, a bale to 3.54 acre Florida, a btile to 3.S0 acres; Alabam: 1 bale lo 3.92 acres : Mississippi, a bul to 2.92 acres ; Louisiana, a bale lo 2.1 icres; Texas, a bale to 2.89 acres; Ai L'HUsas, a bale lo 2.84 acres ; Tennessee i bale to 3.27 acres. It is easy from these figures to estim?t he money value per aero of this crop ind it is also easy to understand its va1 mportancc as thc source fium which tl mltivator can draw thc ready mune ?vhich he requires in tho transaction < lis bus?ue?s. And it should be home i nind that iu my estimates I have give he cereal und cotton crops (thc mo niportuut productions there) of Icu luri_ States, aud more than 12,000,000 peopl Now 1 have no desire to discuss tl luctuatious which have attended th ir.mch of agriculture during the la iftecn years, nor the changos which lin1 aken place in thc division and manag neut of the lands devoted lo this crop. :?u?d not be expected that out of wid ipread disaster, and with au entirely nc social organization, there should spring sonBtant and uniform prosperity, or th vilbout experience tho laws reglllatii ndustry and business should be thc lughly understood. That ill-regulati abor" and markets returning from iciiod of inflation to their normal co lition should have broken up the plant ion methods, Is not surprising. Nor t surprising thal a system of small fan hould uot have been entirely successl u the hands of those unused to the eco >my nod management of small lundi ?tates ; in ?act, many of whom wore c ircly ignorant of the management, of a jstates whatsoever, Hut that the sysU )f land holding aud farm inauageme ybicb succeeds in other great agricultui lections cf our country, may and will si ;?cd al thc south, there can bo no doui True, the necessity for ono mode of la management here sud another lhere ii timo, must bo apparent to every carol observe,-. That tenant manngemeut a proprietor management must go baud uand lor tho prescut, is obvious. Hut jiuat be aware ?but long continued, pr itublc fanning bas attonded those ale arno have given personal alteution their lands, and whose industry and si liavo beeu stimulated by the cheering lluenco of actual possession-a stimu ivhich every American must icel who, lie tenant or landlord, enjoys a citiz diip which removes him entirely fr the condition of either tho tenantry tlie pcasuutry of tho old world. 1 division of large estates into small ten farms, subject to a well defined sys! of cultivation, is of great advantago tho tenant and owner alike in tho pres condition of a portion of even tho \ disposed and industrious population thc cotlon state*. But 1 cannot foi thc tendency to independent owners throughout our country and thc wi< difluacd pro-pcrity which ?a fount those sections whore tho fanner j gather? hi J own crop from ii is own soil ami seeks his own market. Ami ,1 suggest thia because 1 am inclined to believe that in thia way can the two important points in tho agriculture ol* the cotton states bo most rapidly and perma nently roached, namely : I.* Tho increase of the crop of cotton to the note : and, ti. the iutroductiou of diversified farming as a sou ree of profit to the farmer and of benefit to the soil he cultivates. Ol* course I cannot speak from experi ence, but I seo no reason why the rotten eroj) should not be carefully cultivated uuuer that exact system which is applied lo special crops er why cotton cultivation with as much accuracy as is the cultivation of land devoted to local crops for local markets, 'lhere i> a period in the occupancy of land for farming pur* posts when tho farmer can, ?;s it were, gather in tho production ol the earth. The cereal crops of the newer stales and the territories uro produced without spe cial care and without tho aid of fertilizers. Tho virgin soil pours forth ita returns with unbounded liberality. Hut this condition does not long continuo; and thc husbandman is soon called on to manip?lalo his soi!, and to restore its exhausted strength by careful fanning and judicious fertilizing. lu thin lies the skill of the farmer, ami in this Hes also tiic reliable profit of his occupation. The agricultura of hil the older countries of the world consist wholly of this, and has become an art by which man draws his subsistence from the soil, whether il bo the wheat of F.ngland or tho Mad sen, or thc root crops of central ICurope, or tho wine and olives of tho South, or the cotice of Arabia or the lea of China and Japan. To ali these crops tho high est agricultural skill Is applied whenever and wherever a bountiful and profitable crop is sought for. These result* of farming are no moro left lo chance than are charming shades and fascinating fig ures woven liv tho looms of Lowell and Lyons. And this is (rue of all our older St ates. Whenever a satisfactory er >|> of corn or wheat, or hay, is raised in llio.-o Stales it ia ihe result ol* greal skill, aud if profitable it is the result ol' (hestrictest economy. To those lands, lying arouud our large cilios, which aro devoted lo market gardening, and which produce enormous crops, tho cultivator applies unceasing his utmost ingenuity-and ho seldouiH fails, to reap an ampio reward. It .?oems as if tho carib was always ready with a liberal response to a wise and earnest appeal. And you must all have witnessed with admiration thc success which has attended careful devotion to any crop even when that crop was appa rently insignificant. I suppose, nay, I think 1 bavo a right lo bo contideut that the same processes applied to tho colton crop will meet with similar result. The yield of cotton on thc 1'1,347,000 acres devoted lo this crop, varies from one bale to the aero to one halo to three and three-quarter acres. We arc told that "The wonderfully productivo alluvion ot thc Ked and Ouuchita rivers, and the never failing richness of the Arkansas bottoms, give to the present area cultiva ted in Louisiana and Arkansas, a high rate of yield ; and the selected virgin soils of Texas are ol' equal productiveness, South Carolina and Georgia have mon of a partially oxhaustcd soil, of lowei natural fertility, which, without fertili ization and good culturo would not aver ngc a fourth ot a bale to thc acre. Undoi present management they avorago nearly a third of a bale. Thc North Carolin: returns of yield for the past ten yearn havi been quite uniformly higher than those of the other Atlantic States." A corres pondent from Beaufort Hays: "Onc-hall of all Ibo land plauled averages throe fourths of a bale." And a very distin guised geullcmun from South Carolina who receives for tho rent of his land s;r.^ pounds of lint cotton to the ucre, inform mo thal bis crop is usually as high as om bale. Now allowing all that should bi allowed for the differences in soil nm climate these discrepancies in the cottot yield are gloater than they should bo especially when wc consider tho vast valu [ind importance of the crop, which AU titles it to tho best caro and cultivation That the largo area devoted to cot toi could bc at once improved by tillage ant fcrtili/.iug cannot ol' course bo ex pee lcd. Hut much might bc done in Ihi direction with a large portion of it eve without reducing tho area itself. Th opportunities for fertilizing arc niue greater than is generally supposed, an under ordinary circumstances tho laruic need not despair to whom nu outlay < four or live dollars an acre for forlilizei is a cause of anxiety. Pulverized bom. oven in small quantities disintegrate mechanically, nan CS of ovcry descriptioi marl, wherever it can bo found, vegcti ble deposits in meadows and ulong iii utroams, thc decayed lcavos of tho fores cotton seed meal and rcfuso from o mills, and even the commingling of soi from diff?rent parts of the farm by han ing heavy soil upon thc light, and ligl toil upon the heavy, all aflot abundant aicaus by which tho ingeiiiot and diligent farmer can improve tl [junlity cf i.iBlaud, without incurring tl expense and exposing himself to the ui certainty of commercial fertilizers. 1 you say the fields arc too largo for ?nc work as this? Then occupy such spat us you can manage with your carof culture, and you will lind thal tho ?roi can bc extended gradually and cconoro cally, until tho improvement covers tl whole acreage-a process which will go < with burprising rapidity when on commenced. Add to all this the supp ol' manure which may bo made by tl diversified farming to which I shall her after allude, and the work will he f leas discouraging th', J it appears to tl inexperienced. Says a corresponde of" tho United States agricultural depai meut, writing from Gotieva, Alabama : "In 1870, planted twenty acres cotti in pino land, wilhoutfertilizitig, and ina three bales; in 1876 he planted thr acres and applied tho manure of li cows, mare and colt for three monti and made 2,970 pounds seed cotton." need no better illustration of tho viow have odvauced than this simple sta mont of au enterprising cotton-grow backed by two cows and a maro and cc I know many an agricultural section, t value of whoso product ha? been increas in proportion as the cultivated aroa I been reduced. This has airca been tho experience of rnuuy of tho b Planters in tuc cotton States. Says Mr. _ I. Aiken, in a reportmndo to the a^ric tural department in February, 1M* "While auch a large proportion in all ? states adopt the careless plan, credit due to the one-tenth of cotton plant who have improved their seed, aro uni improved agricultural iinplimcnls, ss deem it very essential that a better a moro careful system of culture be adi lcd, having proven to their jatisfacl that this latter course is thc only rcn nerativc and economical one with f labor." And he adds: "I am Batts! that thorough preparation of thc land judicious use of fertilizers, where need thc use of improved seed ami careful ( lure, would produco such an inerea yield in tho cotton crop thal the ann crop fivo years hence can he estimate^ oigut million bales as readily as fivo : a naif millions for 1S80. An carn thorough ?viiil faithful preparation, huer ai manuring anil thc best seed for plant ; ing ?viii insure this result. Add to thin improved cultivation, u diversified sys , tem of farming, and net only the cotton ' growh -, hut tin general agriculture of the South, will have entered upon a new and more prosperous era. Devotion to I the cotton crop has so occupied all the thought und energy of those engaged in its cultivation that thc owner tifa cotton plantation has expected to be fed from thc cereal and meat*producing sections ol' our country as much as has the owner ol a cotton mill, lt hits been estimated that the cotton States were obliged lo purchase last year 2S6,<>03,632 bushels of grain, being ol' corn li'ti.i;.-? 1,'J7!> bush els; of wheat, lli.-J?-J.JM bushels; of oats77,702,103 bushels ; and, also, 1,011, 150 tous ol' hay. 'i hi- deficiency was undoubtedly diu in part tu insufficient acreage: but it was due also lo a certain degree tu imperfect cultivation. According to the last returns thc average vie'J ol corn in the cotton states wa-- 131 bushels to thc acre ; of oats, 10'j bushels to the acre; and ol' wheat, about lu bushels to tl.e acre. Now, an inervas? of a little more than seven bushels to tim crop of each cereal acre would have sup plied this deficiency : ami it doo- si em ns if this would not bea very dit?ctilt task, considering thc : mall amount actu ally produced. On the vant advantage of an increase of thc cereal crops it is un necessary lor me to dwell. I can not doubt that tb.: grain crop of the South could be increased more than two Ibid without any percep tible addition ?-. th.' amount nf labor now employed. I e.m aware that the average cereal yield per acre in many other sec lions ol'the country is not w hat it should be, but 1 mu now engaged in discussing this maller in connection with the cotton States alone. lint by diversified agriculture I do not mean increased attention lo cereals alone. The agricultural capacity ot' those States which have always been engaged in cul tivating the great staple crops of our country is immense. Mossed with an abundance of good soil of e very variety and willi aclimato whoso mildness tempts man continually to rural pursuits, lhere is hardly any know n branch of fanning into which thc South cannot enter with every promise of success. Within its borders the orango and (he olive find their natural home. Hore lies tho sugar holt of our country as yet halt occupied ami wailing for now capital and labor. To millions ol'its ai res belongs (he capacity of producing tho only cotton which sat isfies ibo demands and necessities ol' tho moiit important manufactures in Um world. Ils corn fields bevotid the reach of frost hold out an unfailing promise to the cultivator. From the shore to tho mountain tho earth lie- ready lo pour forth abundant harvests. The elevated grazing lands of the interior furnish abundant pasturage tor Hocks and herds, v,hich require u<> shelter from the win ter's cold, while through almost every mouth of the year nature extends hoi kindly hand ami invites tuan ucl to ii contest with opposing forces, but to ti friendly alliance in the work of providing comforts and luxuries for all. |Ap plause. | lu aland liku this why should the tillers of ll i soil grow weary in theil toil ? Hortie .ure and gardening offoi great temptations to those who will pur sue them in appropriate localities. Foi certain heeds of callie the soil and eli mate seem to bo peculiarly adapted. J have seen better developed Jer-eys it South Carolina and in the admirabb collection on these grounds than I havi ?ccu in any Slate north of Pennsylvania And on every hand I havo witnessed op porttinities tor the introduction of man} branches of farming which would in crease the wealth ami enlarge the coin forts and stimulate the energies of a peo pie capable of adding to their one grea staplo a variety ol' crop-; which wouh make their -cction thc garden of tb world. I am not in favor ol comparisons gen prally, but I am sure you will pardon m if by the way of illustration 1 lay be for you au account, furnished by a local pu per in my native county in Mausnchusctt ola small tract of laud upon which a untiring und skillful cultivator had exci is.ed his ingenuity iii diversified fnrinitit. The Valley Visitor published in Amosbu ry Massachusetts, says : "Charles W. Woods, in Oldtown, lui one of the prettiest places in tb town, and bc makes it profitable to tani He has but twelve acres, and upon thes hr- bas set out six hundred trees -pen apple, peach, quince and plum tree lie has a great variety of grapes, gousi berry, raspcrry and blackberry vine lie bas gathered one hundred barrels < pears. For twenty barrels of Barle pears he received one hundred dollar Thc apple and poach trees did not bo: much. He had two acres in onion from which ho gathered one thousai: bushels ; ono acre devoted lo cabbagi yielded live thousand heads, and whe brought to market bc realized seven cen per pound. Two tons of squashes, thn tons of turnips, three lons of beets, ti tons ol carrots, two hundred bushels tho choicest potatoes, for which he o taiued the highest market price, were part of the products. Ile lias sold -*. worth of asparagus, $50 worth of thc ct li vated dandelions, and for molloi grapes, berries, and tither produc?s n enumerated tho sum of $300. Mr. Wm has lat ired every day upon his fan and his untiring industry has broug his laut] to a state of the highest cultiv lion. Ile ctn attest that a well manag farm will pay a handsome return." f submit thu domestic sketch til' a si gio instance of varied industry on t laud a-, a familiar suggestion which I ll sure will attract tho attention of ail w arc iutc.cstcd, nol only iu thc mana;, ment of land, but in the arrangement the home organized by an Ann rican I"; mer, landholder and citizen. The autli of an udmirable and exhaustive essay Jlari>cr's Monthly for October. \ Henty W. (lindy [applause' (?iud ?et i tell you bc is entitled to all the applai you can give bimi [renewed applause] Mr. Grady lias placed this point so for bly before bis readers that I submit 1 following suggestions from bia arlit beforo leaving this important subjc He nays : "Tho first reform, however, that m be made ia in Ibu system of fanni The South must prepr.rc to raise hero provisions, compost her fertilizers, ci lier own hay ami breed her own ato Leaving credit and usury out of question, no mau can pay seventy ! cenia a bushel for com, thirty doll u ton for hay, twenty dollars a burrel pork, sixty, couts for oats, ?ml raise e ton foi eight cents a pound. Tho fara; who prcspcr at thc South ure tho 'c raisers,' i. e. thc men who raise ti own supplie? and make cot their surplus crop. A gontlcir.au v recorded 320 mortgages last year tesl! that not one was placed on thc farm i man who raised his ow n bread and m Thc shrewd farmers who always havi bil of money on hand with which lo any good placo that is to bc sold un mortgage arc the 'coin-raiser.-.', and moment they get possession they . oui the cotton plan and plant corn thc grasses. That thc plan of farr; j only needs revision io make the South j rieh beyond measure i-> proved by cou . Riant example. A corn-raiser bought a j pince of 870 acres for $1,700. He at once put six tenants on il and united their cotton acreage lo one-third of what i they had under cultivation. Buch one j of thc sis made more ?dour money than j the former owner ltad made, and the ; rents for the first year were $1,12d. Tho mau who bought this farm lives io. Ogle thorpe. Georgia, and hus fifteui farms all run on thc same plan." And the Honorable J. T. Henderson, the able Commissioner of Agriculture of ( ?i orgia, says : "Farmers are noted for their adherence lo tho teachings of experience, and yet there is uot a county in the State iu which experience dues not teach the wis dom of a self-sustaining system of agricul ture, and the folly of making colton on supplies purchased ut credit prices, or r?ven for cash. The most prosperous far mers in every section of the State are those wlio have uniformly made their supplies al home." '.ud how, gentlemen, I submit these suggestions with a deep consciousness of my experience in ibo special branch of agriculture which we havo met to con sider. My agricultural labor and obser vation have been confined to that section of our country iu which n hard soil and a severe climate have compelled the fanner to toil with thc utmost dilligcnccand to c alculate with tho utmost economy ; that in which small farms und a diversified agriculture have always rewarded the industrious,sagacious husbandman. But I see no reason why my education in that field should he inappropriate here, inasmuch as good cultivation, a wise choice of land, u proper selection of seed, thc skillful preparation und usc of fertil izers, tho breeding and feeding of well chown animals, are profitable every where iu this country, north and south and the economy of a farmer's homo and a fanning community is the same throughout the cnliro laud. I um aux ion?, as the United Slates Commissioner of Agriculture, lo encourage every step toward systematic and profitable farming, and lo support the judicious views of all local authorities who ure working in the samo field with myself. (Applause.! The business of the department which I represent is largely auxiliary, and eau best be conducted by stretching forth a helping bund to all who are endeavoring to increase tile products of our soil and to improve thu condition of the vast uni mal kingdom upon w hich the farmer sr largely depends fur his sustinence. By tho introduction of new seeds submitted to the lest of the farmer's experience and by recording the results of such tesl for thc instruction of the public; by cn couraglng agricultural education in ni! its branches ; by rousing a vigorous ut leution to work of making our farms nt tractive ; by scientific investigations inte the quality of soils, ihe constituents u the various articles of food used by mut and thc domestic animals; hy un intelli gent study of tho American forest nm tree culture ; much may be done to nie the farmer in Iiis work, and much li lead him away from enterprise whicl ure impracticable aud visionary. AH have elsewhcro stated, I have submittel Hie important problems which have com before me to accomplished commotion or to careful Investigation on which w can rely. The vilT-culture nud grain growing cd'the Pacific coast, the Hupply i ng of the arid regions with arte da i wells, the mode of conducting forestry schools and experiment ?tations in Ku rope, have all been submitted to com pc tent agents for examination and repor The que dion of cattle disenso on boar ibo steamers transporting cattlo to Ki rope hus been presented to thc priv council in Kngland und much ht been done to satisfy thc Knglis public that the Amorieun animal shipped aro free from contagion diseases. I have taken especial cai that the seed distributed by tho depnr ment shall ho of thc best quality. Th agricultural department should undoub udly be the nuclem around which eau I gathered those associate industries whit depend ou agriculture for their existenc and in turn make agriculture profitai) and in many sections possible. Stallst cal returns of our manufacturers, wii un illustrative display of their product would do much to unify und develop tl munnfacluring industry of our countr The organization, cost, expense ai methods ufo? r various, means of tran portalion wi d do mud to establish ii ti i lorin system of land and water cn l iage among us. Accurate surveys ai returns of our mineral land, with ll industrial processes employed in vvorkit them, aro of vnst importance. A wi organized and consolidated inquiry in thc extent of contagious diseases umoi animals, the best method of prevent! and extirpation, cannot bc too thoroug ly and promptly organized. And wit out considering for a moment the poli c?>! status of such a department, I th i you will agree with mo tliut the time 1 come tor its organization. An ucli' industrious, intelligent body of Ame can citizens and producers arc ontltl to it, ns a brandi of government v/h. value cannot bc overestimated. [A plausej. The encouragement ol all industi endeavor in this country has a deep s niiicanco, growing out of the relatu existing between thc producing das hero, and tho system of ..tate and toci in which they live. lu Kngland i model farm .selected for the inspect of K?hn i?iirritt consisted, he tells of 8,000 acres, on which "men of si and experience, who in America wa conduct farina of their own, and co not be hired at any price, may bc had abundance for foremen at from twelve fourteen shillings, or from three to f dollars a week, tht>y boarding Hu selves." Thc wages of manufnctut labor iu thc great towns of Kngland i France arc equally iusufiicieht adull earning iu Kngland, under the 1 circumstances, about $8 per week, in Frunce from 70 to 80 cents per day twelve hours. A careful investiga' into the system of small landholding France bus satisfied Mr. Howard, agent sent there to investigate it by London farmers' club, that such a tem is a failure ?iud contrary to the cial and civil system there. And Playfair, speaking of Kngland -sa "Our country luis shown liltlo invent ?ess and made lillie progress in peaceful arts since 1802." Not so, L over, here. America is tho paradis the small landholder. Labor is so rcquittcd that its earniugs constitu large share of thc dr sits in our suv banks. Tho InvCnti*. " arts arc dev to tho business of easy and profit production. A woman with her nu earns a mero pittance in a loug weary day, in which necessary cou ment and toil destroy that very oby energy upon which abc depends 1 subsistence. With a sowiog-mnc she easily earns an ample income machinist with the tools of half a tury ago could reap but a small rcw and no farmer could a fib rd to pay cunvnt pri?es for agricultural 1 in harvest lime where thrown back i thc scythe, tho nickle and tho Hail, a man armed with ingenious machi 1 U. becomes hundred-handed 'and can earn accordingly. He becomes a part of soci ety in wbicb he can exercise his taste as well as supply Iiis wants. It is not th-> cost of a mere subsistence that we are to calculate In this country, but tho amount of comfort ^'and taste which every man eau reach-good food, good clothing, a good dwelling, adorned simply or elab orately according to his means. Fortune dors not smile on all men here, it is true, but when she does smile, the cheer which follows in this country is unsur passed. (Applause.) Aided* by the arts of life which surround him, the Ameri can takes his place in society, performs his civil duties, puya lus taxes, aids his churches, builds bis school houses, edu cates bis children, builds and beautifies his home, and endeavors to perform bis uart in life, with no recognized barrier belweeu him und thc object of his ambi tion, which industry and perseverance cannot overcome. For him, for his opportunity, for his inheritance, as a eit zen and laborer in this republic, I would eucourage every industry, stimulate every mental and moral faculty, and build up and support every institution which can aid bim in his work [ Applaus?.] To those who have responded to this call for au industrial convention here 1 desire to express my obligations. It is my desire lo make your deliberations a part of ibo record ot the dcpartn.ent which I represent, and I trust ?his confer ence muy result in new determination to develop that great industry which now constitutes a large propor tion of tho wealth of ibis section of our union, and is the foundation of our national power and prosperity. [Ap plause, j Examining a Woimin for TrnrcH of ColuroU Blood. State vs. John Corwford, colored and Maggie Dancey, while; unlawfully living in wedlock, Prosecutor, N. L. Gibson. Mi: Solicitor Gaston for the State. Tho defendants were not represented by coun sel. Two colored witnesses, of glossy blackness, were introduced by tho State who swore that they witnessed the mar riage ceremony performed between tho d?tendants by Edward Lindsay, a colored preacher ; that they were married in this county since cotton picking commenced, and that (,'rawford was recognized as n negro, and his wife was a white woman. Mr. Gibson testified that tho defendant Crawford had stated in his presence that ibo woman to whom ho is married is a white woman. The d?fendant, a dark mu latto, in his own behalf, testified from tho witness stund that lie became acquainted with the girl, Muggie Dancer, at Moores ville, N. C., where her family live. That they formed nu attachment for each oilier but fearing on account of the stringent laws in North Carolina upon thc intermar riage of tho races, that they could not bo legally mai ried in that State, they de cided to come to South Carolina for that purpose-ho having been informed that there was no law in this State prohibiting their union in wedlock, und that the preacher who married them, so informed him before proceeding with the ceremony. He accordingly returned to bis home in York county and in a wee!: or two tho girl followed him, aud they were married. While bo did not know that be wall, vio lating tho law of the State, provided "the girl was white, ho stated further that at lier home her family were regarded BB mixed blooded. He hnd seen thc girlV grandmother ; she was a bright mulatto, rho family only associated with colored people of their neighborhood; attended tho colored church, and though to all ap pearance white, they woro regarded as mixed blooded. This statement presented the case in a new light, und in the absenco of testimo ny corroborative or contradictory of tho statement of ricfendtint Crawford touch ing the woman's intermixture with the African race, tip* Court, on suggestions of ?he Solicitor called Dr. W. J. whyto to give bis opinion as a medical expert. In compatiy with the Sheriff, Dr. Whyte and thc woman retired to a private room, th J 1 >octor afterwards testifying that from the hasty examination that ho was ena bled to make, bc gave as his opinion that the woman was notof mixed blood. His examination, however, was only cursory, il being late in thc evening, and aa bia opinion was not sufficiently po&Uive to satisfy the Court, ibo case was continued until Tuesday morning, when thc doctor was not,lied that bc would be expected to make a more minute examination under moro favorable circumstances. Court thou adjourned until 10 o'clock Tuesday morning. Du tho re convening of the Court, Tuesday morning, tho case was resumed. Dr. Whyte, taking thc witness stand, said he had made a further examination, but owing to the imperfect microscope with which he examined the hair aud skin of the woman, thc examination was not satisfactory lo him ; and beside, the mi croscopic test could not bc well applied io the cuticle without detaching it from tho llcsh. While he could mako no dis co ?cry of foreign or negro blood, and was unable, on the second examination, lo delect anything leading him to chango the opinion he had previously expressed, yet, in reply to a question by the Court, bc said ho could not say positively that the woman is of puro white blood. Tho woman is of small stature, with fair complexion, flaxen or liebt auburn hair and light blue eyes. Tho Court charged the jury explicitly and at great length on the peculiar fea tures presented in this case. The impor tance of the law under which the man and woman arc indicted was dwelt upon and the necessity of its stringent enforce ment, when clear that it has been viola ted, ma.'e manifest to the jury. Hut in this case some doubts having arisen as to the purcCaucusion bloodof'thedcfcudant, Maggie Dailey, he reviewed the testimo ny ol'Dr. Whyte, who testified asan ex pert on this point, aud charged thc jury that all doubt in their mind as to the pure white blood of defendant, Maggie Dancy, must go in favor of tho defendant. The jury took the case, and in about au hour returned, a verdict of guilty. YorkvilU Enquirer. - Tho Hotel Pelham in Boston, a building OG by GD icct aud seven stories in bciglit, was recently moved bu?k in order to widen Tremont street without disturbing tho occupants or tho furniture. Thc uso of flexible tubes kept up the gas and water connections, while tuc entiro structure, weighing four thousand tons, was moved thirteen feet six inches. Nearly three months wero spent in pre paration1), but the actual moving was ac complished in four days. - In ono county in Iowa at the recent election not a Democratic vote was cast. And yet wo go on year after year send ing missionaries to loreign climes. - It is said that Secretary Hunt and his sons draw total salaries of $41,000 por year from tho govornmont. Tho New York Clipper lately cited tho case of Captain Jacob Schmidt, of Tomp kiusville, Staten Island, N. Y., who had been a great sufferer with rbeumatism for many years. He used St. Jacobi! Oil with splendid success. A FISK POINT.