University of South Carolina Libraries
}Y E. B. MURRAY & CO ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY M01?NING, QC 1 X)B1<"J{ 13. ISSI. VOLUME XVTT -Arn u --io EMBODIED IN THE NEW REMINGTON SEWING MACHINE. Ita tensions arc perfect, and do not vary with different ratea of sneed It docs work at a higher rate of speed than any oilier Shuttle Machine It has no spnngB m its tensions. -uotume. Its tensions do not vary when using uneven thread 8ecurely hdd iu 1>lace by * erooved cla'?P It will neve.- break a needle with ordinary care. It has an accurate gauge by which to set a needle. It bas the only perfect thread controller, making the "perfect lock stitch ? It never "loops" stitches on tho work. lt sews over heavy seams with tho greatest ease. Kit will sew and feed work nt the extreme edge in commencimr Its stitch may be lengthened or shortened while running at ito hiebest sneed It has a most convenient spooler. b apoeu. Its shuttle ia self-threading and carries a very large quantity of thread ts shuttle is carried m an adjustable race, ensuring accuracy without friction Its driving belt can bo tightened instantly without cuttinir niciion. It sews all grades of material with least chance. It never has "lits" and cannot get "out of order." Its motions being positiv*, it cannot get "out of time." lt is most accurately nd; S ted in construction. Its parts are interchangeable, and can be duplicated at a trillion cost Its wearing parts are made of hardened steel. It has but few bearings, consequently but little friction. ,. lt runs more lightly than any other Sewing Machine. I, It runs more quietly than any other Shuttle Machine. '. It has no "COK gear wheels" to run hard and noisy, i. lt has no "roller cains" to run Blow and heavy. lt bas no "lever arms" to increase friction and wear. ? it is more conveniently arranged for oiling and cleaning. lt requires but little oil, and will not gum up and run bard Its table is lower, giving more perfect control over the work. Its treadle motion being evenly balanced, will not fatigue the operator Its feed can be moro eusily raised and lowered. It is more symmetrical in all its proportions. Its attachments are more easily adjusted. It has a stop-motion for winding bobbin without removing tho work. It hos fewer parts than any other Machine. Its parts are so adjusted that all wear may bo taken up. lt bas superior woodwork to any other Machine. ALL MACHINES WARRANTED IN EVERY RESPECT. , , V. " . MCCUJLJLY & TAYLOR, Agents for thc New Remington Sewing Machines, Attachments, Needles &c ANDERSON, s!'c. -o P". }??',?!?.<?i!?S in the mnrket with a large and well-selected stock of GENERAL SRCHANpiZE, comprising all the Goods needed by thc average consumer of our mtry. These Goods have been selected at tho principal marketa of the United State? ght as low as the lowest, and we are fully prepared to compete with any house in the country We are LARGE CASH BUYERS OF COTTON, and are paying mil les for all grades of the staple. ?SU Parties indebted to us for SUPPLIES, GUANO, MACHINERY, orotherwise reminded to call and settle their obligations, as it is our intention to bring all out iding claims to a settlement. cln,1Bs,_,3 McCPLLY & TAYLOR. ?UI0K SALES AND SMALL PROFITS. V E DESIRE to call the attention of our friends and customers TO OUR LARGE STOCK OF GOODS, consisting, in part, of a FULL LINE OF DRY GOODS, Bleached and Brown Shirtings and Sheetings, Prints, Worsted Dress Goods, Jeans, Virginia Cassimeres, Flanneli, A SPLENDID lot of BLANKETS, LADIES' CLOAKS, The best Shirts and best fitting. Call and see them. A.. FULL LUVTE OF HARDWARE, Carpets, Bf ats und Kug-w, HATS, CAPS, SADDLES AND BRIDLES. Shoes and Boots. Ve call particular attention to our "Bay State" Boots and Shoes, and T. Miles & Sons its and Shoes. We warrant every pair. Give them a trial. CROCKERY, CHINA AND GLASSWARE. GROCERIES. ugar, Coffee, Molasses, Bacon, Lard. The finest Tea in the market. Mackerel. A line of Fancy Groceries. Oat Meal. Try cur Roasted Coffee. Wc keep tho BE8T DUR that is made. If Skins, Sole Leather and Lining Skins, Woodenware Trunks and 'Valises. We keep GOOD GOODS, and we desire to show them. We think wo can latisfy li Prices and Quality. Flease give us a call before buying. ?. B. TOWERS & GO., No. 4 Granite Kow. IMPORTANT ! Elf It is important that persons owing us for GUANO and other SUPPLIES should lg in their Cotton "nd settle promptly. This is important, as it will enable us to pay at we owe. Sir ? a noto of Ibis, and remember it. A. B. TOWERS ct CO. ept 29, 1881 ' i2 ly L I. BROCK. J- L. MAULDIN. EW FIRM ! NEW GOODS ! NEW PRICES ! ?LOTHING, HATS AND SHOES. BROCK * MAULDIN. VE desire to introduce ourselves to theTradG jf Anderson and surrounding count v, 1 to solicit n share of its patronage, which wo shall strive to dessrve. It will bo t.-. i to supply a want long felt in Anderson, by keeping constantly en banda FIRST ASS Stock of GENTS' FURN ISM I Nd GOODS, II ATS and CLOTII G. Also, a fine line of GENTS* and LADIES' SHOES, manufactured dally for our trade. )ur Stock has just been carefully selected by us in person in New York, and being npletc in every detail, and having been purchased FOR CASH, we can guarantee en I satisfaction, both in PRICES and QUALITY. Wc are to be found in the WAVERLY HOUSE BLOCK, tho 8tore Room lately occupied by W. A. CHAPMAN, and ask only that our new ods will give us a call and examine our Goods before making their purchases. ept 22,1881. _H lv I. B. CLARK & SONS, MERCHANT TAILORS, .*ND DEALERS IN ILL KINDS OF GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS. [TE desire to call tho attention of the public to tho fact that wo have the largest stock T of Gentleraens' Goods .to over had AND ARE SELLING THEM AT HARD TIME PRICES, ^e have a beautiful lino of English Diagonals and WonUdGooda. ? Atao^Broad hs in great variety. Our lino of Foreign and Domestic Suitings and Pants Gooda not bc equalled this sido of New York. :" ,t," \mtaMt Ve aro fully prepared to CUT AND MAKE UP CLOTHING in tho very laUst ?ur NOTION AND UNDERWEAR DEPARTMENT, such as /Jmpenders Col ?, Cuffs, Neck Ties and Scarfs, Fine Dress Shirts, both laundried ar* unlaundried, | ?ATs'iw'e hS?? ufto and very pretty ?tock of Hats, of the very 1.1*1 styles. HEADY MADE CLOTHING-. ?Vc would ask all in search of a Suit all ^y ?wie to bo ?ure to ^andeee our ?ck In this line boforo buying. You can buy a Suit at any price you want. OVER ^anuX'??hS?ion in e*ery instance, and will sell AS low as the lowest. WE BAN WHAT WE SAY. )OTGIIN THE CENTENNIAL BUILDING. COTTON PRODUCTION. When ?111 thc Cro?> Keach KIglit Million Halest It may be well to remark at the outset that the production of cotton in tho South is practically without limit. It was 1830 before tbe American crop reached 1,000,000 bale?, and the high eal point ever reached in the dava'of slavery was a trifle above 4,000,000 bales. The crop of 1880-SI is about 2,000,000 in excess of this, and there aro l those who believe that a crop of 8,000, 000 bales is among tho certainties of thc next few years. The heavy increase in tho cotton crop is due entirely to the in crease uf colton acreage brought about by the ti30 of fertilizers. Millions of acres of land, formerly thought to be be yond the possible limit of the cotton belt, have been made the best of cotton lands by being artificially enriched. In North Carolina alone the limit of cotton production hr.s been moved twenty miles northward and twenty miles westward, and the half of Georgia on which no cotton was grown tweuty years ago now produces fully half the crop of tho Stale. The "area of low production" as tho Atlautic States are brought to the front by artificial stimulation is moving west ward, and is now central in Alabama and Florida. Rut the increase in acre age, as large as it is, will bc but a small factor io the increase of production, com pared to the intensifying thc cultivation of the land now in uso. Under thc pres ent loose system of planting, the average yield is hardly better than one bale to three acres. lu Georgia five bales have been raised on one acre, and a yield of three bales to the acre is credited to sev eral localities. President Morehead, of the Mississippi Valley Cotton Plauters' : Association, says that tho cntiro cotton crop of the present.year might have been < easily raised in fourteen counties along the Mississippi River. It will bo seeu, . therefore, that tho capacity of the South , to produce colton is practically limitless, and when we consider the enormous dc mand for goods now opening up from now , climes and peoples, we may conclude J that tho near future will see crops com- . pared to which tho crop of tho past year worth $800,000,000, will seem small. 18 THERE TO RE A COTTON PLANTING , ARISTOCRACY? . The small farmer-who was to retrievo ' the disasters of thc South, and wipe out 1 the last vestige of tho planting aristoc- I racy, between which and thc people there ! was always a lack of sympathy, by keep- 1 ing his own acres under his own-is still held to bc the typical cotton-raiser. I Hut the observer who cares to look bc- i neath the surface will detect sigus of a ] reverse current. He will discover that 1 there is beyond question a sure though 1 gradual rebunching of the small farms < into large estates, and a tendency toward the re-establishment of a landholding oli garchy. Here and there through all the Cotton States, and almost in every county ! are reappearing the plauter princes of the old time, still lords of acres, though not of slaves'. There is in Mississippi one planter who raises annually 12,000 ! bales of colton on twelve consolidated j plantations, aggregating, perhaps, 50,000 acres. The Capeheart estate, on Albe- j marie Sound, originally of several thou- ! Band acres, had $52,000 worth of land 1 added last year. In the Mississippi 1 Valley, where, more than anywhere elso ! is preserved tho distinctive cotton planta lion, this re-absorbing of separate farms into one ownership is going on rapidly. 1 Mr. F. C. Morehead, an authority on J these lands, says not one-third of them aro passing, one after tho other, ; into the hands, of the commission ; merchants. It is doubtful if there is a neighborhood in nil the South in which causual inquiry will not bring to the front from ten to a dozen men who have added farm after farm to their possessions for the past seveial years, aud now own 1 from six to tweuty places. It must not be supposed that these farms are bunched 1 together and run after the old plantation ?tyle. On tho contrary, they are cut into oven smaller farms, and rented to small croppers. Tho question involved is not whether or not the old plantation methods shall I revived. Itistherauch more serious wojiem as to whether the lauds divided forever into small farms shall bo owned by the many or by the few, whether we shall have in the South a peasautry like that of France, or a ten antry like that of Ireland. IMPERFECT HANDLING OF COTTON. Until tho last census, ginning, pressing aud bailing have been classed with tho "Production" of cotton, and its manufac ture held to consist solely of spinning aud weaving. Yet there is not a process to which thc lint is submitted after it is thrown from tho negro's "pocket" that docs not act directly on tho quality of the cloth that is finally produced, and on tho cheapness and efficiency with which the cloth ia made. The separation of tho libro from the seed, thc disposition made of thc fluffy lint beforo it is compressed, tho compression itself, and bailing of the compressed cotton-these are all delicate operations, involving the integrity of tho fibre, the cost of getting it ready for thc spindle, and the ease with which it may be spun. Indeed, Mr. Hammond, of South Carolina, u most accomplished writer, contends that the gin-house is tho pivotal point around which thc whole manufacture of cotton revolves. There is no question that with one-tenth of the money invested iu improved gins, clean er:?, and presses that would be required for factories, and with incomparably less risk, the South could make one-half the profit, pound for pound, that is made in the mills of New England. Mr. F. C. Morehead, already alluded to in this article, says : "A farmer who pro duces 500 bales of cotton-200,000 pounds -can, by thc expenditure of $1500 on improved gins and cleaners, add one cent per pound to tho value of his crop, or $2000. If bc added only one-half of ono per cent, he would get in tho first year over fifty per cent, return nf his out lay." Mr. Edward Atkinson-to closo this list of authorities-says that tho cotton crop is deteriorated ten per cent, at least by being improperly handled from thc field to the factory. It is, of course, equally true that a reform in this department of the manufacture of cottou would add ten per cent, to the value of crop-8*7 $30,000,000-and that, too, without cost to the consumer. Much of tho work now done in tho mills of New England is occasioned by tho errors committed in ginning and packing. Not only would tho great part of the dust, sand, and grit that get into cotton from careless handling about tho giu-hotue bo kept out, if it were properly protected, but that which is in tho fibro naturally could be cleaned out more efficiently and with ono-third tho labor and cost, if it were taken before it has been compressed and baled. Beyond thia, tho excessive beat ing and tearing of the fibre necessary to clean it aller the sand has been packed in weaken and impair it, and the sand injures tho co?tly and delicate machinery of thc mills. REFORM NEEDED IN TUB SYSTEM OF COTTON PLANTING. Tho South must preparo to rsiso her own provisions, compost lier fertilizers, cure her own hay, and breed her owu stock. Leaving credit aud usury out of the question,*no niau can pay seventy-five cents a bushel for com. thirty dollars a tou for hay, twenty dollars a barrel for pork, sixty cents for oats and raise cotton for eight cents a pouud. The farmers who prosper at the South are the "corn raisers," i. c., the men who raise their own supplies, nud make cotton their sur plus crop. A geutieman who recorded 31?0 mortgages last yeur testified that not ono was placed on the farm of a man who raised his own bread and meat. Tho shrewd farmers who always have abit or money on hand with which lo buy any good place that is to bo sold under mort gage are the "corn rosier*,'' and tho mo ment they get possession they rulo out the all-cotton plan, and plant corn nnd thc grasses. That the plan of farming only needs revision to make the South rich beyond measure ia proven by con stant example. A corn-raiser bought a place of 370 acres for $1700. He at onco put six tenants on it, and limited their cotton acreage to one-third of what they had under cultivation. Kuch one of the six made moro clear money than the former owner had made, and the rents ror the first year were $1126. Tho man who bought this farm lives in Oglethorpe, Georgia, aud has fifteen faruH all run on the same plan. Tho details of tho management of what may be the typical planting neighborhood of thc South in tho future aro furnished mc by thc manager of the Capeheait es tate, in North Carolina. This catato is divided into farms of fifty acr-a each, and rented to tenants. These tenant aro bound to plaut fifteen acres in cotton twelvoin corn, eight in Hmall crops, and let fifteen lie in grasa. They pay one third of the crop as rent, or one-half if the proprietor furnishes borges and mules. They have comfortable quarters, and are entitled to thc use of surplus herriug and the dressings of tho herriug caught in tho fisheries annexed to the place. In the centre of the estate is a general store managed by thc proprietor, at which tho tenants have such a line of credit as they are entitle to, of course paying a pretty percentage of profit on tho goods they buy. They aro universally proaper ous, and in some coses, where by skill ind industry they have secured 100 acres, ure laying up mouey. The profits to Dr. Capeheart are large, and show the margiu there is ia buying land that ia loosely fanned, and putting it under intelligent supervision. Of tue $02,000 worth of laud added to bia catate:; last year, at a valuation of twenty-five dollara per acre, lie will realize in rental nine dollara per tere for every acre cultivated, and calcu lates that in five years at the most the thc r?ntala of the land will ha' 2 paid back what he gave for it. SOUTHERN MANUFACTURE OF CO I fOS. In the past ten years tho South has mt r ? Lhan doubled tho amount of colton man ufactured within her borders. In 1S70, Lhere wcro used 45,032,8bY> pound of cot Ion ; in 18S0, 101,037,250 pounds. In 1870, there were 11,002 looma aud 416,983 spindles running; in 18S0, li>,222 looms [ind 714,078 spindles. This array of Ggures hardly indicates fairly the pro gress that the South will make in the next Len years, for the reason that tho factories in which these spindles are turned are experiments in moat of the localities in which they are placed, lt is the in iuvariable rule that when a factory is built iu any county it is easier to raise the capital for a subsequent enter prise than for the first one. At Augusta, Georgia, for instauce, where the manu facture of cloth has beeu demonstrated u success, the progress is remarkable. In Lhe post two years two new milla, the Euterprise and Sibley, with 30,000 spin dles each, have been established ; and a third, tho Iving, has been organized, with a capital of $1,000,000 and 30 000 spinples. Thc capital for these milla was furnished about one-fourth in Au gusta, aud the balanco in the North, With these mills running, Augusta will havo 170,000 .spindles, and will have added about 70,000 spindles to the lasl census returns. In South Carolina thc same rapid growth is resulting ??otn thc establishment of one or two successful mills, thc Eagle and Pheonix, has raise?! tho local consumption of cotton fron 1827 bales in 1871 tb 10,000 bales in 1S80 In Atlanta, Georgia, the first mill bat hardly been finiahed before the secoue was Etarted ; a third ia projected ; am two cc jpaniea have secured charters fo: tho building of a forty-mile canal to fur nish water-power and factory fronts ti capital in aud about tho city. Thesi things are mentioned ?imply to nhov that tho growth of cotton manufacture ii the South is sympathetic, and that eacl factory established ia nu argument fo others. There is no investment that ha proved so uniformly successful in tin South as that put into cotton factories An Augusta factory just advertises eigh per cent, semi-annual dividend ; tin Eagle and Phccuix, of Columbus, carne? twenty-five per cent, last year; thc Au guaK factory for eleven years made ai average of eighteen per cent, per annuui Thc net earnings of thc Langley Mill was $480,000 for its first eight years on ? capital of $400,000, or au average of fil teen per cent, a year. The earnings c of sixty Southern milla, large and srual selected at random, for three years, avei aged fourteen per cent, per annum. Indeed, an experience varied andes tended enough to give :?. authorit tenches that there is absolutely no reaso why thc South.should not profitably qua? ru plc its capacity for the. thu innnufaclur of cotton every year in thc next five yeni except the Incl; of capital.-HEBNY \> GRADY, in Harper's Atagazinefor Oct* V A MODERN IMITATOR OF NOAH.-. few miles below Otho, Alabama, thei is au old negro named Moses-, wh claims ho liad a revelation from th Lord, in which he received iiiforuintio that the world ould again be destroye by water. He was so convinced that tl, destruction would ho hy water that ho i onco began the work of building an arl He has been thus engaged for seven months, nnd the result of his labors mu be easily seen from the river. This ui ?3 very unliko the representations of tl one built by Noah, and would doubtle not withstand any severe gales, such i might bc expected in a cruise of fori days and nights. This oddly-constructt vessel, or house, is placed on a high hi ready for tho rising water. It is con posed of several apartments, about fr feet wide and ten feel "'>ng, which a placed on top of each ..uer. Each h a Hmall portico and spires with feathc as ornaments. Approaching thedwcllii of the negro one noa to pass through very elaborately decorated arbor, over tl entrance of which aro the words: "Wt come, peace, rest aud happiness.''-( tumbu? {(?a.) Enquirer-Sun. - Kentucky is said to have 58,000,0 gallons of whiskey iu store ; that is abo twenty-five gallons for every inhabitni From the Wilmington (Del.) lieiml can : Mr. J. M. Scott, corner Third n Madison streets, had a remarkably fi horao cured of the .scratches by St. J cobs Oil. Important Decision by tho Supremo Court. On 1st June, 1874, tho passenger train on thc Anderson brunch while on its way from Anderson to Helton, was run oil* the track near Broyles'a Crossing. Thc passenger car was shattered and wrecked, and several of the passengers were more or less seriously injured. Those most seriously injured wero Mrs. E. BI, Brown, and Claudius Brown, the wife and young son cf Dr. IC. M. Brown of Belton; William H. Redwood nu elderly man, a well known Baltimore "drummer;" and William Cummings, another elderly man, a fanner in Ander son county. Suits for damages were instituted by aud for these parties against the Grccnvillo and Columbia Rail road Compauy nt the Spring Term of tho Anderson Circuit Court in the year 1870, after compensation for the injuries had been asked (Vom ami refused by the Railroad Company. Thc Rail road Company, as defendant, moved for u chango of venuo from Anderson, on account of the excited state of thc public mind, and prejudice against tho railroad. The venue was accordingly changed to Abbeville; and the four cases were tried together at this Court House, at ii spe cial term of our Circuit Court held by Judge Mackey in the end of April, 1878 Naturally n great deal of interest was taken in thc trial of these cases by tho public. Tho people of Abbeville still remember the great cloud of witnesses brought luther from Anderson by both plaintilfs and defendants. Then there was a great array of lawyers. E. M. Brown and wife, and Claudius Brown's cases ?vero represented by (len. S. McGowan, of Abbeville, and Mcsssrs. Moore & Broyles of Anderson. Brown and wife sued for $20,<?00 for injuries sustained by Mrs. Brown, and for $5,000 for injuries inflicted on their son, Clau dius. Mr. Redwood was represented hy Gen. McGowan, damages claimed, $10.000. Mr. Cummings wus represented by Mr. Fcathcrston, of Anderson and Mr. Benet, of Abbeville; damages claimed, $5,000. The Railroad Company's lawyers were Col. J. S. Cothran, of Abbeville, and Lieutenant-Governor Simpson, of Lau rens. It is somewhnt remarkable thal three of the lawyers then engaged in these cases have since then been raised to the judicial Bench, and they arc now known as Chief Justice Simpson, Asso ciate Justice McGowan, of the Supreme Court, and Judge Cothran of tho Figlh Judicial Circuit. All during tho progress of the trial tho Court House was crowded with spectators. The suits were holy contested on both sides, and the counsel for plaintiff* and defendants did their utmost endeavor in their argumenta before thu jury. Thc closing argument for tho plaintiffs, by Gen. McGowan, was not finished until eleven o'clock at night; and be.'ore Judge Mackey concluded his chargo it was near midnight. But his Honor who thinks that "night is tho time to work," sont tho jury into the jury room, and awaited their verdict. It was about two o'clock on the morning of 1st May, 1878, when the jury came into Court with tue followingverdicts : For the plaintiffs Mr. E, M. Brown and Emily his wife, $8,000 and costs. For Mr. Redwood $2.500 and costs. For Mr. Cummings $2,500 and costs. In Claudius Brown the boy's case, the jury found for the defenduut. Against these judgments the Railroad Company gave notice of appeal, which appeal, however, went no farther. Here, then, it was thought, was a great viciiory gained for the injured passen gers. But it was soon found that tho judgments thus recovered were likely to prove hollow and valueless ; that it was impossible to enforce execution against tho property of the Railroad Company, because of au order of the Court of Equity of Richland county passed by Judge Melton, 18lh June, 1872, enjoin ing and restraining all parties from en forcing judgments aud executions against the railroad property. An attempt todo so would have rendered tho judgment creditor liable to a contempt aud im prisonment. For a while all hopo of realizing the many judgments called for was given up alike by lawyers and clients, lt was known thal the road wus completely carpeted with mortgages, and that j except by tho summary process of levy j and execution on whatever was leviable, ? the money could not bc made, ai,d their very process was enjoined. Tho order of injunction contin?en, of force until 2.'lrd November, 1878, when by order of Judge Pressley, Gen. James Conner, of Charles ton, was made Receiver of the railroad. Under Receiver Conner's administra tion there was about one hundred thou sand dollars on hand of surplus funds, after paying for improvements and expenses. The large fund of earnings in thc cus tody of thc Court of Equity was not cov ered by thc mortgages which overspread all thc tangible property, tho corpus, of thc railroad ; and as soon us Mr. Beuet discovered that so large a "Receiver's ? fund" existed upon which bondholders und mortgagees as such could have no prior claim, bc went to Columbin and j proved thc Brown, Redwood and Cum minga claims before thc Master, N. B. ! Barnwell, Esq., and filed their petition ; exjmrie in the suits of the Attorney-! General and of Jas S. Gibbes and others against thc G. ?fc O. B. R. Co. The Mas- : ter had advertised that all creditors of the Railroad Company should prove their claims before him as the property was about to be sold. Judge Kershaw, then presiding in Richland county, made an order of reference to the Master. The reference was held, and Mr. Benet ' urged thc payment of thc judgments mainly on the following grounds: First, Because the order of Judge Melton, 18th Juno, 1872 had made the President and Directors, in reality although not in name, Receivers of tho G. & C. R. lt. Co's property. Second, Because darna t;ea for injured passengers arc to be paid >y a Receiver out of his fund of earnings before that fund is turned over tr> the mortgagee-1. The Master's report was adverse to these claims. The case then went up on exceptions into the Court of Equity and was argued before Judge Hudson, in Col . ui-.t':<, 24th July, 1880. In the argu ment*, before the Master and the Circuit Judge, whilo the petitioners wero repre sented by Mr. Benet, the Receiver, tho Railroad Company and the bondholders were represented by Col. Simonton and S. Lord, Exq., of Charleston, Co). Rion, of Winnsboro, and Messrs. Melton and Clark, of Columbia. Tho argument for thc petitioners was based on the same grounds os had been presented to the alaster, and with thc sarao result. Judge Hudson's decree, was against tho peti tioners. Mr. Benet gnvo notico of np peal to tho Supreme Court. lt Hhould bc mentioned here that Layne's caso was added to thoso of the petitioners, and was represented by Judgo Bacon and Mr. Monteith of Col umbia. Layne, nu engineer, lind boen killed by tho explosion of a defectivo boiler, nt Newberry, 1 Ot li October, l.s77. , Judgment by consent had boon deca ed in thc sum of $2,001), in favor of Mrs. Layne, administratrix. The judgment stood unpaid. The Anderson cases aud thc Newberry ease, representing injuries to passengers j and to an employee, went iii? lo the Su- , j premc Court together, nnd were'argued : there last January. ltecause having , been of counsel in the ease in thc Circuit Court, holli Chief Justice Simpson and Associate Justice Met iowan were dis qualified for sitting on these eases, ?ind their places were taken by Judge Al drich and Judge Fraser of thc Circuit Hench. Tho argument for the Receiver and the bondholders was made by Col. Siiuonlon and Judge Melton; and the petitioners represented hy Mr. Benet, and Judge Bacon. The importance of thc casca und of the novel priiicipb s involved induced lue Court to listen to four long arguments which occupied a whole day session and a night session. The briefs and printed arguments were iu the ham! of tho Court (rom Juuuary to September, when Judge Fraser tiled, on tho loth of lust month, thc unani mous decision of the Court in favor of thc petitioners. Thc decision is one of unusual impor tance. The points involved are new anywhere, and they ure settled for the first time in .South Carolina. Chief among them arc these : - that whoever runs a railroad under thc order of a Court ot (hat railroad Receivers aro unlike passive Receivers of Inudsund ten ements, in that they have it long Equity is by that fact a Receiver; catalogue of expense-, to pay so that tho railroads tuny bo kept running; that in that catalogue running expenses mus? bc classed damages for injuries indicted on passengers and employees. Thc im portance of these doctrines to the public and to railway employees is very great, lor it is :i fact that from ten to twelve thousand miles of American railway aro now in the hands of Receivers.-Abbe ri/'- J'ir<i and Manner, Mormon Despot ism. The first colony that went to Utah was composed of only a few hundred people ; now thu Church claims that it rules some one hundred thousand followers in thu Territory. Thc first comers had a large percentage of Americans, who were drawn into thc toils before the full enor mities of thc institution were divulged, but of those who have connected them selves with the Mormon Church during the pust thirty years quite nine-tenths have been from Europe, nnd from the very lowest classes of European society. The immigration has increased from II few hundreds annually to a few thou sands. Last year more than three thou sand came, and this year a heavy in crease over that number is expected The children of school age returnee by thc Mormon authorities, numbei forty thousand. Those too young to nt tend school, together with those above shool age ami still under the ui*o (d' twen ty-livo years, must number quit? thirtj thousand more, ll is clear that thi Mormon kingdom in Utah is composed o foreigners and the children of foreigners I. is necessarily so. lt is au insti'.utioi so absolutely un-American in all it requirements that it would die of its owl infamies within twenty years, except fo tho yearly infusion of fresh serf blooi from abroad. Few Americans coul< ever be made to bear tho unqueslione and unquestioning obedience which i exacted from this people. The govern mont is an absolute despotism. Ever wnrd in the city, every .small precinct i the country, is under thc control of bishop. To him the people have to sui mit ali their ada i rs, temporal as well ti .spiritual. His advice amounts to a cou maud, and a command which must I obeyed. The bishops report to lb elders, :he elders lo the seventies, th seventies to the high priest, the big priesl to the president of stakes, they I the patriarchs, they t ? the twelve apo: ties, and they to the president and h high counsellors. Down the same sea the ord* en are sent. These lenders ni the same ns (?od to thc blinded lliousuiu of Utah. At the last October conf?rent thu burden of the harrangucs to the ?ie pie was to impress upon them that tl chiefs, being daily and regularly inspin by Ciod, could make no mistake, eon do no wrong. The discourse ot Kid Orson Pratt is full of this business, ar he did not fail lo warn nil who dotibti that they would be damned. At tl same conference ?motlier elder explain that the people must obey their leude in financial ns weil ?is spiritual ulliii even as the people did in the days Moses. Through Mich a system it is easy see how un ignorant and fanatical peoj tire held umlcr absolute control by t heads of the organization, in Uri ham Young's time he was a more ubi lute ruler than was ever tho Czar of Iii sia. Since his death thc president, Jo Taylor, and his first counsellor, (Jem Q. Cannon make the controlling pow and give direction to thc whole Bystc Both are Englishmen. A favorite i pression of Bringhnm Young's used be, "We follow the forms of R republ but this is n kingdom." It isa kingdo or rather a despotism, so itll-embraci that intelligent Americans nt u distill do not believe tho Iruth lihout it whet is told. Tho superb organization of the Chm is held complote in all its details ; no ing is permitted lo im neglected, general ever held un unity under m perfect control than Taylor and Cnn hold the whole body of the Mormon p plo. Through tithes a 'rc.,.. . fi is secured annually, willi which priests strengthen any weak spot in tl position. Their liens ure solid f; Within, and toward the. world the OHS izntton bristles every where willi the fiance of disciplinen strength. More ? more missionaries are sent out minti! and thc annual increase of bigoted, pri enslaved foreign creatures to join "kingdom" in Ulah is s cry great. Fl Utah colonies arc selected, und ; wherever ti pince presents itself, this way the valleys of Colorado, Arizona, Idaho, Wyoming, Mont; nud Washington Territories are bf swiftly appropriated, and wherever tl colonists go they carry with them fully their badge of slavery toa few I in Salt Lake City who, as they beli ure the vicegerents on earth of tho lng God.-C. C. GOODWIN, in H?r? Magazine for ( letober. - Mr. Lowry, the Democratic cu dnte for Governor of Mississippi, rect claimed that he "echoed the Bontim of every Democrat in the Stato wdie announced himself in favor of tho schools, a free ballot, and a fair coi - October brings two Sudo elect both of some importance. On thc sc Tuesday, that is, October ll, Ohio Iowa will ouch elect a Governor, a 1 tenant-Governor and other State oil] n~ t Iowa will choose a portion of its ate und the ?vholoof its House of K sensitives, while Ohio will choose < Legislature improvement of Lum!. Dear tir,-My lauil, generally good, from many years of bad treatment has been so far reduced as to bo hardly up to tho lovel of profitable cultivation. 1 am not dependent oil my farm for a living, and my object is not so much to gather crops lrom it as to bring it into a condi tion in which it would produco good, re munerative crops. In ii word, I have a good deal of land, and I wish lo improve it. Especially would I Uko lo know what iv the best plan lo restore my land lo its power of producing wheal, or gross, or corn. 1 give you u large text, and would liston with great attention and respect to whatever you ini.y have lo say on it. Respectfully, iNurntKit. Our correspondent owns a large farm, is a farmer, and is happy indeed, in that he has a generous support independently of his agricultural ventures. Congratu lating him upon his lot, so exceptionally furtUtmte, and bearing in mind his re sources and surroundings, we shall dis course np'.il his text, not in all its am plitude, however, but shall connue our remarks rather to tho special point which his note seems to raise. How shall the land be treated that wheat aud the grasses may be profitably raised again ? Our lirst suggestion is, that two years should bo allowed at first for n crop of wheat. This our correspondent can well alford to do, as he has largely moro land than ho can profitably cultivate, and will seek for few years the improve.neut of bis farm rather than remunerative crops. We would advise him lo select a certain area for wheat. In the fall, sow it in rye, and as early r.\ the fall as circum stance will allow. The ryo will thus have time to get well rooted, and acquire considerable growth, before the hard weather sot? in. During spells of good weather in winter, it may bc grazed by calves and lambs. When the rye begitis to bend, turn it under with a two-horse plow, and at once sow peas, dragging them well in, and leaving thc land in ii ?icc condition. When tho pea pods begin to brown fairly, turn thom in also with a double plow. Upon this pea fallow, sow limo, jay 25 bushels lo tho acre, and drag tho land. Tho limo will hasten tho decom position of vegetation, and may besides bc useful in supplying ii deficiency in tho soil nf that nccesary and generally largo constituent of tho ash of all plants. This work will bo done in duly or August. Let vegetation be kept down by tho uso, its often as may bc necessity, of the drag jr cultivator, until the time of seeding wheat. We should put in thc wheat without rcfullowing, if the land, as may be expected, bc clean. If, however, there be too much vegetation on tho land for this, wc should plow shallow with single plows, roll tho land, and pul in tho wheat by a drill. What objects are accomplished by this treatment Y Wo answer: (1) The laud is clean. The wheat when threshed will be freo off partridge pea, unions, cockle, otc, and hence will com mand a bettor price. This result-tho cleaning of tho land-will be almost cer tainly accomplished by the fall plowing when rye is Bown, by the second plowing when the peas arc turned under, and tho repealed harrowings between that timo und the seeding of tho crain. . f ll ..Cb ... f VO U .UIV.K1U. j ililli [nw v .- rj t ? , I and this plan secures that result as far | ns the mechanical texture of the soil will permit. Only the surface is pulver ized by the harrow or drag; or, if the ungle plow bo found necessary, only four or live inccs of thc soil is turned up, all below having been constantly settling since thc summer plc wing, when the peas were turned under. (il) The land is now in tho nicest condition for tho drill, the use of which we urge because the seed will be put in moro uniformly and covered ut u moro uniform depth than when scattered broadcast. Liss seed also, by at least 25 per cent., will bo Bufllcient. (-1) Apply to the soil, wheu thc wheatis seeded, it you wish to produce the maxi mum result, or feel disposed to be gener ous, .'i<K? or -100 pounds per acre of ground raw bone. The organic ??art of thu bones, gelatin, iu ii nitroge nous compound, which is decomposing will yield um monia, the source of the nitrogen of plants. The inorganic part of bones is two thirds of their weight, and is made up chiefly (about ninety per cent.) of phosphate ol lune. This phos phate of limo, is thc special demand of the cereals upon the Roil, constituting more than half tho weight of their ash. Hence its value. (5) What has been done in the way of tho primo consideration, thc improve ment of thc land ? The crops of ryo and peas were turned under to accomplish this result. All of the organic, matter of plants, canal i lu ting ni ne-ten tbs of their weight comes primariiy, and tho most of it comos directly, from the atmosphere. Hero, then, is an absolute gain of organ ic matter lo the soil, which yields, as it decomposes, ammonia und other forms of plant food. But this is not. all. The roots of our ryo und pen wero constantly striking down into the soil and taking in soluble mineral matter, which ascends with lue sap mid become assimilated ns au essential part of tho vegetable com pounds in the process of development, While the absolute amount of mineral or organic matter is not increased by turning under green crops yet two impor tant objects ure accomplished : its place and condition arc changed. It is brought up from thc subsoil where it is sparingly available, lt can be brought up only in asiate of solution, and hence minc finely divided than can possibly be effected by mechanical comminution. Hence, as vegetation rots in thc soil, its inorganic parts is already most finely reduced, and nonce, for this reason ulso, most freely available. (0) As wc are in a sort of didatic and hortatory humor, we will extend our in structions a little further. Tho best time for sowing wheat in this locality, which embraces Inquirer's farm, is from tho 1st to the 10th of October, riomo object to this as too early. Wheat seeded thus carly ,s more likely to be attacked by tho fly. True; but if not attacked it gets more deeply rooted, and hence is far less liable to be wintei-killed, and wo ure couvlnced that this, in the long run, is, of the two considerations, tho moro im portant. (7) The wheat is seeded tecumdum ar teni, and our friend may rest now for nearly half n year, so far as this crop ?3 concerned, and indulge his meditations, fancy free. But when the frost is out of tho ground, and vegetation, under vernal warmth, starts it again, another duty will solicit his care. Let him drug his wheat, sow clovci freely and roll the field. We say this to advance tho march of improvement. In the second year after starting his operations, ho harvests his crop of wheat; in tho third year, if thi.i^s nave turned out well, ho haB afino crop of clover, which ho may mow, or give to tho soil, according to tho sugges tions of that common sense, which in farming, ns in other pursuits, is the su premo arbiter. When this result-a good clover crop -is accomplished, tho progress of im provement becomes easier, cheaper and more rapid year by year ; aud this result is possible in three years on lands, such as our correspondent describes, now below the level of profitable cultivation, but originally good. Wo have not exhausted wha* wc in tended to t?ny, hut the lack of ?paco com pels us to close. In a subsequent issue wc inav resume the topic.-Iieliniout Herald. Commercial Traveler.*}. Unptist (burta-. Perhaps no preacher in South Caroli na travels more or more widely than tho writer. Since the year began he has been on every railroad in the Slnto except the North Eastern ; he hrs done considerable riding on stago linea and private ways, also, and everywhere ho has gone, in town, in country, he has met that class of our fellow-citizens, whoso familiar name is "Drummers." He feels that without presumption he may write an editorial upon them, 1st, because they deserve one, 2nd, hecauso he is some what acquainted with them. He will submit to the Courier readers the follow ing reductions : 1. This class of men if large and still increasing in numbers. Were statistics at hand, it might he shown that many thousands, yen, some hundreds, of thou sands of our strong, vigorous, activo young men belong to this profession. Likely there is not u wholesale estab lishment of any kind in tho United States that has not its corps of "Commer cial Travelers," who go over the laud, exhibit samples of their houses or facto ries and solicit and get trade. As III?H plan has proved BUCCCCSsful and is a con venience to both buyer andseller, tho demand for it is increasing, and the de mand is being met. A merchant in an interior town in South Carolina some time ago, said to me, "I can stay nt home now and buy my goods, by sample, aud do about ns well ns to go to Baltimore or Yew York. It is a convenience to mo. These men are distinguished for being "wide awake." energetic and closely de voted to business-they must bc so, for not to possess these qualities were but to "put them on the shelf." It is never too hot nor too cold, too dry nor too rainy and snowy for these men to bo ut work, visiting their customers and dispatchiug business. Last January, whilo weather bound in a railroad town in Barnwell County, for almost a week, 1 met over a dozen young men of this cluss coming and going. They were iua good humor and seemed to accept the snow and rain and coltl as part of their work and made no complaint. If all our agents for mis sions and education were ns ouergetic and "wide-awake" as these "drummers," our treasuries would not get so depleted. 3. Generully these men are polite and gentlemanly and honorable. Nothiug ut favors nnd kindnesses and courtcsis have I ever received at their hands. When cars are crowded and some one must "stand," I have often been com pelled by one of these gentlemen to ?it down, while he himself "stood" for miles. I have met them everywhere from Beau fort nnd Augusta to Asheville and Char lotte ; have shared seats, in carriage, stage coach, railroad, shared rooms and tables with them, and, with ono excep tion, have never seen any intemperance or heard profanity from them, I never saw one fail, where opportunity, offered to be polilo and gallant to ladies. A distinguished lady of South Carolina owed to a "drummer" the privilege of room and bed at White Sulphur SpriugH Bometiine ago, during a crowded Benson, the young mau going without himself. But two weeks ago, associating with these gentlemen for several days at n country tavern, I was gratified to seo so much real culture, refinement aud gen tility exhibited by them toward one another and the other guests. And from personal observation I think this class of meu will compare favorably with any other class of travelers. .1. Many of them are Christians and truly pious. While attending a Sunday School Convention in Spartunburg Coun ty in 1830, on Suudny whilo the house was filling, a man of this class made his way in and got a seat, listened attentive ly and after sermon came forward and said, "I make it a rule to go to preaching on Sunday whenever I can, and hearing you were to preach, I drove ten miles to church." He was n Metho dist. Another lately stopping over for Sunday, went out to church and hearing an appeal for money to build ct meeting house gave $10. This was in Sou.Ii Carolina. The man lives in Richmond Va. I seldom preach in a railroad town but what I have some of these men ns listeners, and they listen well too. I sometimes see them rending their Bi bles on the cars aud occasionally one comes to mc to talk upon the subject of personal religion. One, a Baptist dea con, said to me some time ago, "Some of my sweetest seasons of spiritual enjoy ment come to rae while riding on the cars. I read my Bible, spend boura in prayer and communion with my Heav enly Father, and thus grow in graco, os I trust." In this class are represented all our churches, and often they .aro ornaments to churches and let their light shine wherever they go. Much more could be said, but enough. One or two suggestions in conclusion: 1. These men should have the sympa thies and prayers of nil Christians?. Tney arc exposed lo ninny temptations in many ways and doubtless some backslide and some "fall away" from virtue and moral ity. 1 know, by experience, what it is to have no settled place of worship when Sunday comes, to have no familiar face beaming upon me from the pulpit onco a week, to have no regular prayer meet ing, to h av a no pastoral VIBUS made, regularly lo bo away from home and its hallowed and elevating influences almost nil tho time and to worship among stranger.-, fifty Sundays in tho year. It is much harder tinder such circumstance to maintain a high spiritual healthful ness and faith. Constant chango of place tends to dissipation and is demor alizing. Tho wonder is not that "com mercial travelers" don't do better, but that they do so well ! 2. Let Christiana respect the good and worthy qualities of these men and show them kindness and thus help to make them better and purer than they ' aro. "A word of kindness fitly spoken is as apples of gold in pictures of silver." So said tho wiso man and he httd a wonder ful experience in men and things. Tako these men by tho hand, they are our brothers, and ask them to the prayer niccling, io the Sunday school, to the preaching and your Christian courtesy toward them will uot be wasted. If I have written in a charitable spirit toward them, it ia becauso I have it for them-want others to have it, too. WM. HENIIY STRICKLAND. Anderson C. H., Oct. Ut, 1881. - "Ha, Ibero 1 koop off the grossi'? wai what a policeman said to ex-Presi dent Hayes nt Cleveland tho other day. An Indianapolis exchange meutiona that St. Jacobs Oil cured Mr. J. H. Mat tern, a letter-carrier of that city, of a ?ovore sprain, contracted in tho war. Detroit (Mich.) Wettern Home Journal.