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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 12, 1881. VOLUME XVI.?NO. 44. Should a State Prohibit the Sale of Intoxicating Liquors t (concluded.) Iq oar last article we advanced the position that government did not have the inherent right to pass a law'prohib iting the sale of intoxicating liquors? that such a law would traoscend the * proper functions of government, and vi? olate the rights of property. We now farther take the ground that such a law woald be impracticable, and therefore worse than useless, even when passed. We will not here enter into detail as to the many and various ways in which laws restraining and prohibiting the li? quor traffic are evaded and violated. We will not do this, in the first place, because our remarks might be construed into per? sonalities, and we assert that we have no personal feeling in the matter. In the second place, this would be useless, as all are aware that such laws are evaded and violated, and they further know the ways in which this is done. We maintain, then, that if the laws are violated in those special cases where prohibition is limited in extent, and if, as is often the case, people will violate the laws which sim? ply impose a tax upon the prosecution of their vocation, they will eve a more be disposed to do so when the prohibition extends over a whole State, and, as they feel, seeks to deprive them altogether of one of their dearest rights?the right to prosecute their chosen vocation. :-? "Well," says some ooe, "if it is thus that you argue, by analogous reasoning yon can say that the State should not prohibit murder and arson, for laws against these are sometimes violated." No, No! my friends, yon are wrong; the cases are not analogous at all. In the cases of murder and arson the crimes are exceptional cases?are committed in spite of tb c law, and with the full knowl? edge that they will be punished. These offences are contrary to all law, divine and human; they are ? direct violation - of the righ ts of others, and public opin? ion will see the statute in regard to them enforced. Every citizen of the State will be in favor of punishing the man who is found guilty of these offenses. But in the case of the liquor law, it will not be enforced because public opinion will not enforce it; because men all over the State, and good citizens, too, having full knowledge of its violation, will not bring the offenders to justice. "Ah," some one replies, "though pub? lic opinion may not have been sufficient? ly strong up to this time, yet it will be after this. People are thoroughly aroused on the subject, not only in this State, but all over the country, and several States are discussing prohibition." In reply, we would say that a great deal of this apparenfexcitement is not really in favor ' of prohibition; A few years ago, at a municipal election in this State, the peo? ple were voting as to whether they would allow a bar-room in the place or not. Towards the close of the day some one approached a prominent citizen and asked him how he had voted. Said he, "I voted the dry ticket; I always vole the 'dry/ but drink the 'wet.'" This is uo isolated case, but there are hundreds and thousands of men all over the State who, in order to be in accord with public opinion, will vote the "dry" ticket, but are always careful to obtain as much liquor as they wish. They clamor for prohibition and the suppression of the liquor traffic in order to win the esteem of the prohibitionists, but they will buy their liquors the same as they always did, and uever expose the seller, either.? These men are not so very much to blame for acting as they do; thoy feel that they have a right to drink if they choose, but, yielding to the great pres? sure of public sentiment against a man who will oppose prohibition, they thus act with a duplicity which, under any other circumstances would be almost un? pardonable. So much for the impracticability of enforcing such a law. When a law is thus rendered impracticable by the want of public opinion to enforce it?when the very best of our citizens thus refuse to see it enforced?it will rerdily be seen that such a law is worse than useless: for it not only fails to accomplish the pur? pose for which it was intended, but it causes the people to lose respect for the laws as well as for the government that passes laws which it cannot enforce. As to the remedies for intemperance, we would, in the first place, reiterate what we have already said as to moral and religious influence. Let such an in? fluence pervade oar land that men will do right for its own beauty's sake, and will constrain others to follow their ex? amples. Let those who advocate tem? perance not only preach it, but practice it ?let them both preach and practice it from sincere convictions of duty, and not because they are bound up by pledg? es, or are forced to be abstainers because they cannot obtain liquor. We believe one man who abstains from strong drink from a conviction of moral and religious duty does far more for the cause of tem? perance than one hundred who are ab? stainers because circumstances have made them such. Secondly, let a strong public opinion, even among those who make no preten? sions to religion, be in favor of temper? ance and the suppression of the liquor traffic. Let this opinion not be feigned, but let it bo exhibited both by example and precept, so that the whiskey traffic may be brought into discredit and in? temperance be banished from our land. On this point we are forcibly reminded of a passage in the Germania Tacitus, where, speaking of the customs of the Ancient Germans, be informs its that among them the exaction of usury for the loan of money was almost unknown, and he then adds that "on this account the refraining from usury was more ef? fectually observed than if the practice had actually been forbidden." Ah 1 the venerable historian has here touched upon a principle which it would be well for all legislators to observe, viz.: any measure can be enforced, irrespective of statutory enactment, provided public opinion is sufficiently strong in its favor, and no measure can be enforced without this support of public opinion, no matter how many statutes are passed in refer? ence thereto. Well might he write, "Plusque ibi boni mores valent quam alibi bonce leges." He was doubtless contrast? ing this simple people with his own cor? rupt countrymen. Here were a people having no laws strictly prohibiting usury, but only a prevalent custom discounte? nancing it, and the thing was hardly known! How with Rome? There the most stringent laws were enacted, pro? hibiting usury, and yet no country ever suffered more from usurious rates of in? terest. This same principle, we contend, will apply equally as well to intemper? ance as it does to usury. Thirdly, we think the cause of tem? perance can be greatly promoted by some such wholesome law as that dis? cussed and passed, with some modifica? tions, by our last Legislature. Let the law increase the license on the manufac? ture and sale of the stronger drinks such as whiskey and brandy?and lessen that on the lighter beverages?such as ale, beer and wine. Man is so constitu? ted by nature that he craves drink of some kind. Men in all ages and in all countries have more or less been addicted to the use of beverages, and this always will be the case. You might as well prohibit some men from eating beef as forbid their drinking. Let us, then, by increasing the cost, banish from use those strong drinks which are mostly the cause of drunkenness, and, by the opposite course, encourage, in those who will drink, the use of light beverages which do very little injury. Before concluding, let us ask again that we be not misunderstood and mis? represented. We class ourself among those who favor the cause of temperance ?we wish to accomplish the same end as the prohibitionists, but we differ as to the means to be used. We have grave doubts as to the propriety of a State passing a prohibitory law, and even graver doubts as to her ability to en force such a law. We have no interest in the liquor traffic, and God knows we would be glad to see it suppressed 1 Circum? stances led us to consider this side of the question, and we thought we would throw out our views for what they are worth. Again, of all that has been said on this grave question, we have seen very little sound reasoning in favor of prohibition. What has been said has consisted mainly of an appeal to the passions and prejudices, by portraying the horrors of intemperance?in many cases very greatly exaggerated. We thought that by writing these articles we could draw out some able writer who would state the real logical grounds in favor of prohibition, and this was the main object we had in view. Let it be understood, once for all, that we hold to these views through no selfish motives or personal interest. We oppose itf now as a matter of expediency and practicability; but should the State, through the wisdom of her law-makers, decide in favor of prohibition, there will be found no more ardent supporter of the measure than the humble writer of these articles. Should it ever become a law, we, for one, will be in favor of see? ing that law enforced to its full extent. God speed the day when, by whatever means accomplished, intemperance and ! drunkenness shall be banished from our land, and temperance, order and sobrie? ty reign throughout our borders. W. W. Brown. Married People Would be Happier. If home trials were never told to neigh? bors. If they kissed and made up after every quarrel. If household expenses were propor? tioned to receipts. If they tried to be as agreeable as in courtship days. If each would try to be support and comfort to the other. If each remembered the other was a human being, not an angel. If women were as kind to their hus? band as they were to their lovers. If fuel and provisions were laid in during the high tide of summer work. ' If both parties remembered that they married for worse as well as for better. If men were as thoughtful for their wives as they were for their sweet? hearts. If there were fewer silks and velvet street costumes and more plain, tidy house-dresses. If there were fewer 'please darlings,' in public, and more common manners in private. If wives and husbands would take some pleasure as they go along and not degenerate into mere toiling machines. Recreation i3 necessary to keep the heart in its place, and to get along without a big mistake. If men would remember that a woman can't be always smiling who has to cook the dinner, answer the door-bell half a dozen times, and get rid of a neighbor who has dropped in, at? tend to a sick baby, tie up the cut fin? ger of a two-year-old, gather up the play thiugs of four-year-old, tie up the head of a six-year-old on skates, and get an eight-year-old ready for school, to say nothing of sweeping, cleaning, etc. A woman with all this to contend with may claim it as a privilege, to look and feel a little tired sometimes, and a word of sympathy would not be too much to ex? pect from the man, who during the hon? eymoon wouldn't let her carry as much as a^sunshade.?Saturday Eoening Mail. ? The cities of New Orleans and Vicksburg, distant two hundred and forty-three miles from each other, are connected by telephone, which is described as working most satisfactorily. Merchants of Vicksburg order goods from New Orleans by telephone, and the first order of this character sent over the line was distinctly heard and promptly filled. The plantations along the river, and in some cases back from the river in Louisiana, are being connected with New Orleans by telephone, and it is said that the exchange in that city will em? brace nearly all the State before a great while. Gen. John S. Frcston. General John S. Preston died at his residence in Columbia on Sunday morn? ing, a few minutes before 10 o'clock of corrhosis of the liver. His health had been declining for months, his symptoms being much aggravated by recent domes? tic afflictions. He did not quit his busi? ness, however, until Tuesday, the 19th of April, from which time be was confined to his home. The following sketch of his life and labors is taken from the News and Courier: The twelve years which saw the rise and fall of the Southern Confederacy, the enfranchisement of the slaves, and the crown and combination of govern? mental debauchery in South Carolina were crowded with sharp and striking contrasts. In none of these, was the irony of fate more poignantly manifest than when the stately mansion in Colum? bia which had been the sweet home of courtly Johu S. Preston became the scene of the revels of Franklin J. Moses. What Columbia had been John S. Pres? ton has told: "How beautiful the dear old town was, with its quiet, deep shaded streets, its comfortable, cheery looking houses surrounded by gardens bright with evergreens, and gorgeous with flowers redolent of Nature's sweetest incense. Its people happy, cheerful and busy in honest and prosperous toil. We all knew each other and every one trusted his neighbor, and gentle Charity waved her wand and sceptre over us." A woeful change there was when John S. Preston saw the capital of the State on one March morning in 1865: "In hunt? ing for a morsel of food for my wife and children, I lost my way among the smol? dering and still smoking ruins, and was sickened by the .stench of decay and death. The conqueror was in the Capi? tol there, and in that temple. He was in your house and mine, and we were shelterless. Like Sylla, at Athens, he did not come here to learn our past his? tory, but to punish rebels, and, of course, he could not pardon the living for the sake of the dead." The years glided by. Pre? cocious vice and chronic stupidity ruled the State. The eagerness of freedom exhibited itself in the liberty to do wrong and in the ingenuity to invent new forms of chicanery. The "Bobber Governor" sate upon and owned the hearth of the Prestons. Not for long. Time has set it right. In a distant city, dead to honor and virtue, Moses lurks in poverty and shame. John S. Preston sleeps, in honor, in the midRtof a people to every article of whose creed he was unswerv? ingly aud unalterably true. John S. Preston, brother of Senator Win. C. Preston, was born near Abing don, Va., in April, 1809, and came to South Carolina before he was of age. Iu 1831 he married Miss Caroline Hampton, step-aunt of Senator Wade Hampton, and celebrated his golden wedding this spring. Mr. Preston's own fortune was not large, but his wife owned sugar estates in Louisiana, which were valued, before the war, at a million dollars. At this price the property was sold, but on ac? count of the war, the payments, we be? lieve, were not completed. Mr. Pres? ton's political career was confined to representing Eichland County in the State Senate for several years before the war the eloquence which soon became conspicuous was first displayed in a speech against the reduction of the appropriation for the State Lunatic Asy? lum. At the beginning of the Confeder? ate war he served on Gen. Beauregard's staff in Virginia, being a Volunteer aide-de-camp at the first Battle of Manassas. Afterwards he was transferred to Columbia as commandant ofa division of the Conscript Bureau. His success was so marked and displayed such exe? cutive ability that he was afterwards placed in charge of the Conscript Bureau at Bichmond, with the rank of Brigadier general. This position he held until the end of the struggle. At that time he was greatly reduced in fortune, and he has since been in moderate circumstances only. In 1866 he went to France, wherehe spent three years in the education of his children. Upon his return he took no part in public affairs, but became Presi? dent of the Central National Bank. The only other public office be held was that of Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the University of South Carolina, having been elected three years ago. The heart of Gen. Preston was bound up in the Lost Cause, and at no time did he make any attempt to adapt himself to defeat with its consequences! The South was right, and being right should have established its independence. Having failed to do this, the right was still right, and the conquered must deport them? selves always as 'the victims of inexplicable and incomprehensible fate. This immobility of spirit naturally put Gen. Preston out of tune with the times. In the oration he delivered at the University Of Virginia, in 1875, ten years after the surrender, he said distinctly: "Not space or time, or the convenience of any human Jaw, or the power of any human arm, can recon? cile institutions for the turbulent fanatics of Plymouth Bock and the God-praying Christians of Jamestown. * * * The Mayflower freight, under the laws of England, was heresy and crime; the Jamestown emigrant was an English freeman, loyal to his country and his God, with England's honor in his heart aud English piety in his soul." The Pilgrim Fathers left England for "the lucre of traffic;" the Southern colonists "to obtain a more perfect law of liberty." The robes of Washington, he said, were "stolen and misfitted" on the shoulders of the elder Adams. The people of New England be declared to be "adverse to the principles of English constitutional liberty ana of English religious freedom." For Southerners to visit the North "is to crawl on our bellies to negro and New England temples, and at the outer gates pray them, not to give us back our happy homes, not to give us back our slaughtered children, not to give us back our perfect liberty, but to let us be of them, that we, too, may cele? brate at their altar with warbled bymns and forced hallelujahs, and breathe for them ambrosial odors, our base and ser? vile offerings." Later on, in speech at least, there was some change; and yet what change was it? In the oration delivered at the unveiling of the Confed? erate Monument at Columbia, in May 1879, he said: "I search history in vain, I reason upon the ethics of patriotism in vain, to find an example or a principle from which to deduce the slightest justi? fication or even excuse for this monu? ment before the world. It is built by these mourning women of a conquered people, and here to-day they dare to dedicate it to the memory of men who devoted themselves to a cause which they lost, and are thereby branded by the world as traitors to Truth and Liberty. Yes, these dead soldiers, to whose patri? otism, valor, virtue, honor and truth these pure and holy women, with tears of pious gratitude, are dedicating this consecrated testimony, stand to-day and in memory before the world as defeated aud degraded traitors. Their land has been desolated, their 'Cause' proclaimed infamous before the nations of the earth; and yet these chaste women come and in the light of the sun of Heaven, and invoking with holy and solemn rites I God's own very presence, consecrate these names to the admiration the gratitude and reverence of their chil? dren. They go to those churches and commune with the Son of God at His altar and then come here and build an altar to Treason and Infamy! It is strange ! It is very strange J Oh it is very, very strange! Human example, humau logic fail to remove the veil from this mystery. There is but one solution. Where can it be found ? Blessed be the Omniscient God, who knows all Truth, it is found in the outpourings of His own Eternal Truth over the hearts and souls of these women of Carolina; and by their act under its dictates?by their deed here to-day?it is proclaimed before God and man that the world's outcry of shame and infamy is a lie?a deep-dyed damned lie; and that this monument to the Con? federate soldiers is the emblem and the substance of Truth. Yes, women of South Carolina, by all that is holy, by all that is sacred on earth and before God, by all that i3 true, you are justified in placing this monument here, on this spot, as the altar, the sanctuary, to which in pious pilgrimage you may lead your sons in all the days to come. You nave made this ground holy for all coming time; and here to-day those who saw these men fall on the battlefield, and those who have grown in reverence for them under your tutelage, come to the sanctuary to invoke blessings on you and to worship the valor winch demanded this monument and the virtue which has builded it." Memorable words all these; and we can repeat them, and believe in them, and yet, in the active work of patriotic life, be as far from John S. Preston as pole is from pole. Gen. Preston was imposing in his ap? pearance, as in the breadth of his knowl? edge and in the brilliancy of his public utterances: Ho was a scholar, and a ripe and good ono; Exceeding wise, fair-spoken, and persuading; Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, But to those that sought him sweet as summer ! A devout churchman, he was promi? nent, too, and efficient in the support of charitable and educational institutions. And yet, we take it, he will be remem? bered chiefly for what he was not. Had the South been compounded of such men as he, the people whom he knew and whom he valued would rest to-day in the ruins which surrounded them fifteen or sixteen years ago. All was then lost save honor. The honor still is ours; and wo have gained the freedom, the opportuni? ties of moral, intellectual and industrial growth, which seemed to have departed forever. Indeed, they had departed. It was those who differed from Gen. Pres? ton, in their mode of discharging their duty to their country and to themselves, who severed the chain which bound the South uselessly to the body cf the dead past. What of that dead past is worth saving is saved by those who went forth into the new struggle after Appomattox, and not by those who then withdrew to what tents were left, and remained there. The life of such a man as John S. Preston is not without its present signi? ficance. It is a life without which, in its retarding and regulating influences, the State would not be what it is. Upon its spotlessness we look with loving eyes, wishing that, in this quality, each and every career could be what his was. Upon his eloquence we look with fervent admiration, wishing that, in this practical day, grace could be always joined to force and form to substance. Upon his single mindedness we look with an earnest desire to have, in smaller persons, as much devotion, as, without thought of self, was always found in him. Vir bo? nus dicendtperitus I But the world moves. We can no more be what he were than the oak can become an acorn. Such a man as John S. Preston stands out like a monument in the plain marking the distance we have travelled. It should be our boast that we have clung to th? high qualities that his very name embodies, and that, in ways that he never thought of, in a manner be had not conceived, we find the means to make this State a part of one country, with one people and one destiny. The dream is to be real? ized, but not as he and we expected. To learn all that is worth learning and for? get what should not be remembered is alike wise and profitable for the South. Sorrows came swift and fast in the closing years of Gen. Preston's life. Of his five children only two survive. The last of bis three sons was snatched away a few mouths ago. It was too much; though ?He that doth the ravens feed, Yea, Providentia:!/ caters for the sparrow, Was comfort to his age. Sonic Vnlnablc Suggestions from a Planter. I have been experimenting for four or five years with cotton rows three and four feet wide, and I find that rows four feet wide make as large a yield as those three feet wide. Three feet rows and under are adhered to by the farmers in this part of the country almost tradi? tionally. The principal part of the ex? pense in the cultivation of cotton is the hoeing, as all farmers who cultivate cot? ton know. Having more land than labor, about five years ago, I planted part of my cotton four feet wide?I had been planting three feet. I knew I would save a fourth in the hoeing, but did not think it would fall off a fourth in the yield, and was surprised myself to find that the four feet rows yielded as much as the three feet, but such is the fact. I measured off two acres?laid it off by stakes, one acre four feet wiJe, the other three, each acre about the same kind of land?thin, sandy land. It was sown in wheat the year before. I put two hun hundred pounds guano to each acre; that made a fourth more in th6 drill of the four feet rowsthauiu the three. In thinning the cotton in the four feet rows I left two stalks standing, the width of a good sized hoe; the three "feet I thinned to one stalk the same distance apart. The two acres mudosixteen hundred pounds. The four feet rows five and one-half pounds the most. The next year the result was the same. The next year was a dry one and the four feet rows made the most. The last two years I have planted all my cotton four feet wide, and I do not ex? pect to plant any other way in the future. Now to enlarge the operation, take a one hundred acre field and a seventy-five acre field of stubble land. The land would need breaking up before running off to put in guano. Of course it would take a fourth longer to break up the one hundred acres than the seventy-five. Theu start in two plows, one iu each field, to running off the rows?the one hundred acres four feet wide, the seventy five three feet. Each would finish at the same time. The same in distributing the guano, laying off to plant, sowing the seed, covering and boarding off if that be done. Iu plowing, what is called run? ning around the cotton, the one hundred acres will be finished as quick as the seventy-five. The ono hundred acres will be hoed in tho s::.me time, and so on through the cultivation, except when the whole row is plowed out in last plowing, then it will take a fourth lon? ger on tho one hundred acres. It can bo seen at once that there is not a very great difference in cultivating ono bun dred acres and seventy-five in that man? ner. I do not suppose there is any expe? rienced cotton planter in this part of the country (I am only alluding to cotton planting in this part of the country) that would for a moment conclude that the seventy-five acres would yield as much as the one hundred. It is very plain then that the same labor will make more money on four feet rows than three. Thinking it may bo one benefit to far? mers, I send you this for publication, supposing you would do so, knowing the interest.your paper takes in agriculture. ?Atlanta Constitution. The Battle of Cowpcns. The condition of South Carolina was truly lamentable in the latter part of the year 1780. In the southern part of the State there was no organized force of Americans. The followers of Marion and Sumter would come from their homes and hiding places and make an assault on some unguarded post or some small detachment of the enemy. They kept them harrassed and uneasy. Camdcn and Ninety Six were the strong places of the British from which tbey sent out marauding parties. The tories, now thinking the cause of liberty on the wane, became very bold and cruel. Cornwallis had moved to Winnsboro, where his headquarters were for a time. His object was to finish up the subjection of this State and then move into North Carolina, driving his opponents before him. Late in December, Gen. Morgan was sent to operate between Facolett and Broad rivers and strike where be could do most good. He intended to make an attack on the fort at Ninety Six, but learning of Tarleton's forces between him aba that point, he concluded to re? trace his steps. He was in camp at Grindall Shoals. Tarleton advanced against him and crossed the river higher up at the Eastern ood Shoals, perhaps. From Grindall Shoals, Morgan's forces may have taken the direct road up by Gaffhey's Cross Eoads on to Cowpens. Tarleton's troops may have followed up the same road, or they may have gone up the Green River road passing wnere Macedonia Church now stands. Some of the older people of that section ought to be able to give the traditions of that march. "From "Tarleton's Campaigns," a book published iu London in the year 1787, we take the following account of the battle. We are sure our readers will take great pleasure in reading the re? port written by our enemy : Fatroles and spies were immediately dispatched to observe the Americans. The dragoons were directed to follow the enemy till dark, and the other emissa? ries to continue their inquiries till morn? ing, if some material incident did not occur. Early in the night the patroles reported that General Morgan had struck into ways tending towards Thickle creek. A party of determined loyalists made an American Colonel prisoner, who had casually left the line of march, and con? ducted him to the British camp. The examination of the militia Colonel, and other accounts soon afterwards received, evinced the propriety of hanging upon General Morgan's rear, to impede the junction of reinforcements said to be ap? proaching, and likewise to prevent his passing Broad river without the knowl? edge of the light troops who could per? plex his design, and call in the assistance of the main arm if necessity required. Other reports at midnight of a corps of mountaineers being upon the march from Green, river, proved the exigency of moviog to watch the enemy closely, in order to take advantage of any favorable opportunity that might offer. Accordingly, at three o'clock in the morning on the 17th, the pickets being called in, the British troops, under the command of Lieut-Col. Tarleton, were directed to follow the route the Amer? icans had taken the preceding evening, and the baggage and wagons were or? dered to remain upon their ground till daybreak, under the protection of a de? tachment from each corps. Three com? panies of light infantry supported by the legion infantry, formed the advance; the 7th regiment, the guns, and the 1st battalion of the 71st, composed the cen? tre, and the cavalry and mounted in? fantry brought up the rear. The ground which the Americans had passed being broken, and much intersected by creeks and ravines, the march of the British troops during the darkness was exceed? ingly slow, on account of- the time em? ployed in examining the front and flanks as they proceeded. Before dawn, Thick elle creek was passed, when an advance guard of cavalry was ordered to the front. The enemy's patrole approach? ing, was pursued and overtaken. Two troops of dragoons, under Capt. Ogilvie, of the legion, were then ordered to rein fore the advanced guard, and to harass the rear of the enemy. The march had not continued long in this manner, be? fore the commanding officer in front reported that the American troops were halted and forming. The guides were immediately consulted relative to the ground which General Morgan then oc? cupied, and the country in his rear. These people described both with great perspicuity. They said that the woods were open and free from swamps; that the part of Broad river, just above the place where King's creek joined the stream, was about six miles distant from the enemy's left flank, and that the river, by making a curve to the westward, ran parallel to their rear. Lieut.-Col. Tarleton having attained a position which he certainly might deem advantage, on account of the vulnerable situation of the enemy, and the supposed vicinity of the two British corps on the east and west of Broad river, did not hesitate to undertake those measures which the instructions of his command? ing officer imposed, and his own judg? ment, under the present appearances, equally recommended. He ordered the legion dragoons, to drive in the militia parties who covered the front, that Gen? eral Morgan's disposition might be con? veniently and distiuctly inspected. He discovered that the American commander had formed a front line of about one thousand militia, and had composed his second line and reserve of five hundred continental light infantry, one hundred and twenty of Washington's cavalry, and three hundred backwoodsmen. This accurate knowledge being obtained, Tarleton desired the British infantry to disencumber themselves of everything, except their arms and ammunition. The light infantry were then ordered to file to the right till they became equal to tho flank of the American front line. The legion infantry were added to their left; and under the fire of a three pounder, this part of the British troops was in? structed to advance within three hun? dred yards of the enemy. This situation being acquired, the 7th regiment was commanded to form upon the left of the legion infantry, and the other three pounder was given to the right division of the 7th, A captain, with fifty dra? goons, was placed on each flauk of the corps, who formed the British front line to protect their own, and threaten the flanks of the enemy. The 1st battalion of the 71st was desired to extend a little to tho left of the 7th regiment, and to remain one hundred and fifty yards in rear. This body of infantry, and near two hundred cavalry composed the re? serve. During the execution of these arrangements, the animation of the offi? cers and alacrity of the soldiers afforded the mo3t promising assurances of success. The disposition being completed, the. front line received orders to advance; a fire from some of the recruits of the 7th regiment was suppressed, and the troops moved on in as good a line as troops could move at open files. The militia after a short contest, were dislodged, and the British approached the continentals. The fire oh both sides was well support? ed, and produced much slaughter. The cavalry on the right were directed to charge the enemy's left. They executed the order with great gallantry, but were driven back by the fire of the reserve, and by a charge of Colonel Washington's caval ry. As the contest between the British infantry in the front line and the conti? nentals seemed equally balanced, neither retreating, Lieut.-Col. Tarleton thought the advance of the 71st into line, and the movement of the cavalry in reserve to threaten the enemy's right flank, would put a victorious period to the action. No time was lost in performg this manoeuvre. The 71st were desired to pass the 7th before they gave their fire, and were directed not to entangle their right flank with the left of the other battalion. The cavalry were or? dered to incline to the left, and to form a line, which would embrace the whole of the enemy's right flauk. Upon the advance of tho 71st, all the infantry again moved on. The continentals and backwoodsmen gave ground. The Brit? ish rushed forward. An order was dis? patched to the cavalry to charge. An unexpected fire at this instant from the Americans, who came about as they were retreating, stopped the British and threw them into confusion. Exertions to make the advance were useless. The part of the cavalry which had not been engaged fell likewise into disorder, and an unac? countable panic extended itself along the whole line. The Americans, who beforo thought they had lost tho action, taking advantage of the present situation, ad? vanced upon the British troops, and augmented their astonishment. A gen? eral fight ensued. Tarleton sent direc? tions to his cavalry to form about four hun? dred yards to the right of the enemy, in order to check them, while he endeavored to rally the infantry to protect the guns. The cavalry did not comply with the order, and the effort to collect the infant? ry was ineffectual. Neither promises nor threats could gain their attention; they surrendered or dispersed, and, abandoned their guns to the artillery men, who de? fended them for some time with exem? plary resolution. In this last stage of defeat Lieut.-Col. Tarleton made another struggle to bring his cavalry to the charge. The weight of such an attack might yet retrieve the day, the enemy being much broken by their late rapid advance; but all attempts to restore order, recollection of courage, proved fruitless. Above two hundred dragoons forsook their leader, and left the field of battle. Fourteen officers and forty horse? men were, however, not unmindful of their own reputation, or the situation of their commanding officer. Col. Wash? ington's cavalry were charged and driv? en back into the continental infantry by this handful of brave men. Another party of the Americans who had seized upon the baggage of the British troops on the road from the late encampment, were dispersed, and this detachment re? tired towards Broad river unmolested. On the route Tarleton heard with infinite grief an astonishment, that the main army had not advanced beyond Turkey creek. He therefore directed his course to the southeast, in order to reach Ham? ilton's ford, near the mouth of Bullock creek, whence he might communicate with Earle Cornwallis. The number of the killed and wound? ed in the action at Cowpens, amounted to near three hundred on both sides, officers and men inclusive. This loss was almost equally shared, but the Amer? icans took two pieces of cannon, the col? ors of the 7th regiment, and near four hundred prisoners. The Humor of Smallpox. Generally speaking, there is nothing excruciatingly funuy about smallpox; but the doctors who are called to pre? scribe for patients occasionally run into something that tickles them. Not many years ago a doctor here was called to see a man at one of the hotels, who lived in Iowa. Tho man was sick as a horse, and the doctor had his suspicions about what ailed him, but could not tell exactly, so he gave him something to quiet him, and told the friend who was with him that he would call in the morning. The friend said he thought as much of the sick man as he could of a brother, and he would see him through. The next morning the doctor called and the sick man was alone. He examined him and found that he had smallpox. While he was dealing out some medicine the friend came blundering in. Said be : "Doc, that medicine ain't worth a continental. This man is very sick." The doctor said he had come to that conclusion himself. "Why," said the friend, "I rubbed him all night. I think he would have died if I had not rubbed his head. When a man is my friend he can draw on me for all that is out, and don't you forget it." The doctor said he was glad to hear it. He said there was nothing more touching to him than pure friendship between men, and he was glad the sick man had a friend that would stick to him. "You bet your life," says the friend. And then he almost intimated that the doctor did not understand his business, and said something had got to be done, if there was any doctors in Milwaukee that could handle the case. The doctor was getting a little hot, when the friend asked? "Do you know what ails him ?" The doctor said he thought he did. Then he pulled down the bed-clothes, and pointed to a little swelling near the little toe, and asked the friend if he could see it. "See it! Of course I can. It's only a little pimple." The doctor said there was only one disease that showed that kind of pimples. "What is that?" asked the friend, im? patiently. "Smallpox!" said the doctor, in the most aggravating way. "Suffering Moses! let me out of that door !" shouted the friend. The doctor said you could have played marbles on his coat tail. The doctor fixed up the patient, and when he went out in the hall the friend was leaning against the wall, white as a sheet and weak as a cat. "Doc," says he, in a quivering voice, "that man in there is nothing to me. I wouldn't go in that room for a thousand dollars. Is there no way to fumigate me ? Say, Doc, I waut to be vaccinated. Put a pint of virus into me. Shoot it in with a gun. Darned if I ever go near a sick man again." The doctor says "such is life."?Peat's Sun. UNREASOX IN MARRIAGE. A Singular Inconsistency Between Snook's Idcnl or n Wife und Itcnl Mrs. Snooks. From (he New York Times. It is often said that many a man is very fond of women whom he is unwilling lo marry. The saying is partially true, though no truer than its converse?that many a man is willing to marry a wo? man, of whom he is not very fond, or, indeed, not fond at all. The idea indi? cated is that a man may enjoy the society of a woman, and love to flirt with her, and yet be afraid, from prudential mo? tives, to make her his wife. This fre? quently happens, but far less frequently than might be thought; and, when it happens, the man is cautious and inclined to reflect on the subject of his affections and affinities. But marriage generally has little to do with reason?probably because it ought to have so much to do with it?being determined, for the most part, by instinct, impulse, passion. As a rule, doubtless, a man will marry a woman with whom he is habitually thrown in contact when there is no great disparity of years or circumstances be? tween them, and when she knows how to humor his egotism. The old fashioned notiou that men look with a totally different eye on a woman when they want a wife from what they look on women generally, cannot be sus? tained. Albeit there are men ever in quest of a connubial partner, the mass of them get such a partner without search? ing for her. They are very apt to be surprised into matrimony, or, at least, into matrimonial intents?provided, of course, that the matter be not taken out of their hands by the woman herself. No man ia so likely to become engaged as he who is persuaded that he will never be. He is so prepared on one side for circumstances of a certain kind that be is wholly unguarded on the other side for circumstances of an opposite kind. At the very moment that he is confident of everlasting celibacy, that be is rejoicing over his freedom, a sudden shift in a sentimental environment, a word, a blush, a tear, a caress, decides his doom. What kind of a woman is a man most likely to marry? A general answer might be, any kind of a.woman, the kind being largely determined by contiguity and opportunity. A popular notion is that she who is prudenc, conventional, domestic, has the best conjugal pros? pects ; while she who is indiscreet, obedi? ent to impulse, fond of pleasure, has the worst prospects. Ancient spinsters noted for primness, aud matrons of the solemn order, incline to tell light hearted, rol? licking girls that they are throwing away good chances; that marrying men are deterred by their giddiness from serious consideration of the main subject. These are drawn, it is asserted, to industrious, demure, unworldly maidens, who show at a glance that they are matrimonially foreordained. As a theory this may be specious, but facts do not bear it out? the contrary, rather. Men prone to co? operative housekeeping approve of the industrious, demure, unworldly creatures; they think they would make excellent wives, and wonder why some other man does not marry them. But they seldom marry sunh women themselves. Why don't they ? Tbey could not tell if they should try. Tbey know, however, that they don't, and that they don't want to. There seems to be two sorts of girls ?those that ought, because specially fit, to be married, and never are married, and those that never should and never will be, and yet invariably get married. The former are usually the demure, industri? ous, unworldly, domestic; the latter are the easy, careless, merry, imprudent, frolicksoine, saucy girls, for whom men become enamored for no reason at all, and in spite of themselves. When a man falls in love, and cannot climb out readily, he avails himself of marriage, and is often extricated thereby without intending it. He is no more logical in matrimony than in celibacy; the same thing that makes him a lover turns him into a husband, and he is thrice blessed if he docs not discover a sharp and sud? den difference between the two. It is passion, not reason, and is called the divine passion because it is so thoroughly human. Men generally like one kiud of women and love auother kiud. The one kiud they are commonly recommended to wed, aud don't; the other kind they are ad? vised not to wed, and do. Which is the better?to take a wife because you like her, or to take a wife because you love her. Hymen alone knows, and lie won't tell. If you do either or neither, you may repent. There is no absolute safety in wedlock or out of it. No man's ex? perience is good for another man, and our own experience in erotic affairs is rarely valuable; for every time a man falls in love?and he has great alacrity in this way?the accident varies, though the effect is unaltered. No man can say what sort of woman will be his wife ; aud if he be wise be won't express any opinion on the subject. He may cherish many views and have many beliefs there? upon, but the more of these he has the less likely they are to be confirmed. He who insists in his bachelor days, that his wife shall be a beauty, is apt to find her plaiu. He who cannot endure a woman without intellect surrenders to one never suspected of it. The devotee of order discovers himself mated with the em? bodiment of confusion. The stickler for elegance sees, when the glamour of court? ship has been removed, that he is joined to a dowdy. Marriage goes, to a certain extent, by contrasts, if not by contraries. A wo? man, still less than a man, gets the hus? band she paints to her fancy. Her con? nubial ideas are commonly regulated by her age and experience. The man she desires at 10 or 17 would be a burden at 20, and her ideal at 20 might prove a bore at 25. She begins with sentitnentism and ends with soberness; vanity impels her first, but sympathy holds her last. She is frequently surprised at the offers she receives, and still more surprised at the offers she does not receive. The love that comes at first sight rarely remains ; it apt to be born of the eye, not of the temperament. The love that grows gen? erally endures and produces fruit. Love aud marriage are not related as we think they should be. Love matches often turn out ill, and matches without love turn out well. No one can tell what love is; nor can any one guess what marriage will bring. We are all, when young, full of thoughts and theories about both, and individual experience is ever contradict? ing what we have learned. Marriage is impenetrable as love. Few of us are prepared for their disclosures. We may love and marry again and again; but our ideal of love or marriage is almost always wholly unlike the thing itself. ? The Richmond (Va.) correspondent J of Bradstreet's, writing under date of the the 6th inst., says: "The iron business is reported flourishing. An active trade exists both in bar aud nails. A promi? nent machine and engine builder states that all of the foundries and machine shops in the city are working to their fall capacity and turning out work at fair j profits. One large founder says his rush j is unprecedented," ! News and Gossip. ? Memorial day was generally ob? served at Atlanta, Ga. ? Texas has over one million dollars cash in her State treasury. ? In Harrisburg, Pa., there is a child seven years old that eats its own hair. ? Another party of 200 Mormons ar? rived In New York last week for the West. ? Jeff. Davis' new hook will be sold only by subscription, and will cost ten dollars. ? Sixteen lives were lost by the cap? sizing of a ferry boat the other day at Elgin, Illinois. ? Carlyle's father was a stone-mason, George Eliot's a carpenter and Shakes? peare's a butcher. ? A spark from a locomotive destroyed two thousand bales of cotton recently at Fort Worth, Texas. ? During a storm at Louisville, Ky., on the 28th alt., five boys were struck by lightning and killed. ? An incipient volcano has been din covered on the farm of U. A. Jarnagin, in Ohio county, Kentucky. ? There are about 4,600,000 sheep in Texas, and this number will probably be increased to 5,000,000 this season. ? Charles Stukley, of Batavia, New York, shot his employer because he re? fused to let him marry his daughter. ? A railroad ticket issued twenty years ago, good from Burns to Hornellsville, on the Erie, was recently offered and accep? ted for a ride. ? The new Capitol at Albany, New York, has cost the State thirteen millions of dollars, and two million dollars is yet needed to complete it. ? Whitelaw Reid, editor of the New York Tribune, was married last week to Miss Elizabeth Mills, daughter of the California millionaire. ? The New York Legislature proposes to fix the rate at which telegraph messa? ges may be sent in that State at fifteen words fbr twenty cents. ? The loss of property by the recent floods in the Missouri river and its tribu? taries between Sioux City and Bismarck is estimated at ?2,500,000. ? The North Carolina Prohibition Convention met at Raleigh last week. Four hundred and fifty delegates were present, representing every county in the State. ? Tho Sibley Manufacturing Compa? ny, of Augusta, Ga., has increased its capital stock from ?600,000 to $1,000,000. It will have 30,000 instead of 23,000 spindles, as at first intended. ?-TheNew York Elevated Railroad Companies are said to be losing money. Last year the Manhattan Company lost $500,000, and the present deficiency is estimated to be not less thau ?350 a day. ? The Pennsylvania Railroad Com? pany is building ten large passenger en? gines, which will be able to make a mile in less than a minute. The driving wheels of these engines measure six and a half feet above the rail, or higher than a tall man with a silk hat on. ? A resident of Nicholas county, Ky., who had an eye put out by an overhang? ing thorn while riding at night on a turn? pike, has sued the turnpike company for ?25,000 damages, on the ground that it had not exercised reasonable-diligence in not having the thorn-tree removed or trimmed. ? The Springfield Republican says that the Maine prohibitory law, even if it has not stopped drinking, has at least brought considerable money into the public treas? ury, 31 residents of Portland having paid iu nearly ?69,000 in fines since it went into force. Of the sum two brothers paid ?11,479. ? In Oregon no man is allowed to take a drink at a public bar without tak? ing out a license, and the newspapers publish interesting lists from time to time of the men who have obtained li? censes. It is a penal offense for a saloon keeper to sell to a man unprovided with a license. ? An attempt was made to evict some tenants at New Palas, Ireland, last week, but failed because a mob of five thousand persons resisted the execution of the pro? cess, and threatened the life of the bailiff, who became frightened and refused to point out the houses of the defaulting tenants. ? Illinois gives the women a vote on "prohibition or license" at the local elec? tions, and at Rockford, one of the most important places at which women exer? cise this right, the temperance women organized last week, had carriages to take voters to the polls and made a hot canvass all election day; but license was carried by about 1,000 majority. ? A Chicago clergyman explained to the committee of deacons that the widow was so pretty no man could help flirting with her, and each of the committee quietly called round to see if he told the truth, and then not one of 'cm dared to rise up in meeting, with her present, and say the clergyman wasn't right. By sharp management, even a jury of dea? cons can be handled. ? Of the nine hundred orange groves in Putman county, Fla., at least 75 per cent, of them are owned by Northern men, the most of whom went to Florida with little if any money to aid them in starting the "business." Most of these groves arc now in a flourishing condition, very few of them ?perhaps not to exceed twenty?having a mortgage or any pecu? niary claim upon the v.. ? Bishop Borgas, of the Catholic dio? cese of Michigan^ forbids all Catholics in his diocese from originating or participa? ting in any public picnic excursions on rivers, lakes or railroads on Sunday, or on a holy day, or any other day of the week. He also forbids the holding of fairs for the benefit of churches, schools or charitable institutions, without first submitting for his approval the reasons therefor in writing. ? Dr. Lyon Play fair, perhaps the greatest living English authority on food, said in the debate in the House of Commons on oleomargarine that, as it contained the same fats as those obtained from the cow?miuu3 the aromatic fats which curiously enough produced ran? cidity in bad butter?he thought the sooner it supplanted bad butter the bet? ter. He believed that it would do that, but he did not think it would supplant good butter. ? It is stated, apparently by authori? ty, that ex-President Hayes intends to put himself at the head of the Temper? ance party of Ohio and go actively into the politics of that State during the com? ing fall. There are some things that ex President Hayes cannot do, but in all probability he would make an admirable temperance leader if he would apply himself to a work of that kind! As nobody has yet proposed a subscription to provide means for supporting him in the proper dignity of a former Chief Magistrate he will probably have to take care of himself, and there is no reason why he should not earn an economical and modest living in the temperance business. According to his own state? ment he is a recent convert, and new converts are always possessed of a re? markable zeal. Let the ex-President take off his coat and clean out the rum business of Ohio; he may thereby make a reputation for himself.