University of South Carolina Libraries
BY E. B. MURKAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING. FEBRUARY 24, 1881. /1I>U ft sr v< ..?.?,._-_ VOLUME XVI.-NO. 33. isca, a, V. iii)TL.hH? CiDtiucuUUed Family Antecedents o? the South Carolina Senator. Cvrrc??>ondence New York Graphic. WASHINGTON, February 8. To see the galleries crowded for the first time in w*t;ka to hear Conkling reply to Senator Butler shows that the gladia torial appetite is still strong in this city ef affrays, where Sumner was beaten, where Sam HouHtou beat Congressman Stanton, where Sickles shot Key and Groves killed Cilley. The Butler family now, aa in 1800, is the subject of ail phy sical notice. 8TOB.Y OK THE BUTLERS. Senator Butler, of South Carolina, is a probably clear descendant of Walter the Butler, who went with Henry II. to the conquest of Ireland, was ronde Chief Butler, and whose descendant soon after wards adopted tho name of Lo Botiller, ide bottler or the buttler. Had Ireland como to a Uko independence with Scot land, the royal line of the Butlers might have cut as wide a swath historically ns the lino of Wnlter the Steward, which became the Se ich and English Stuarts. The Butlers, as Dukes of Ormond, rose to the highes? dignity in Ireland, and though of J' jnnnn origin, became "more Irish than the Irish." While the Stuarts were fighting fo?- their crown the great Butler Ormond was his Viceroy in Ire land, and at the expulsion of tue Irish from all their country east of tho Shan non, Pierce Butler, hunted like a beast, made his way to Cromwell in person and was forgiven. Like all aristocratic fami lies, tho Butler name was adopted by a large tenantry, yet it is pretty distinct ively Irish. Butlers were with the Tory Johnsons of New York and with the Sctriot Bettlers of Wyoming, and Pierce biller, Major of a British regiment in Boston, joined the Americans, operated in South Carolina, and, having usaisted to make the Constitution, became tho first Senutor from that State, and lived till 1822. When the Constitution waa under de bate this Major Butler was a lender in extending the foreign slave trade to 1808 -significantly the end of Jefferson's Presidential term-and he was the author of the fugitive slave law of 1788, though fair and reciprocal on other questions. The Butlers of Pennsylvania and Ken tucky also kept tho naine of Pierce, and came from Kilkenny ; one of them was the Democratic candidate for Vice-Presi dent with Cass. In 1840 Samson H. Butler, of South Carolina, made a speech ia Co?g?c?? defending slavery on Scrip tural grounds. Andrew Pickeus Butler was the most celebrated of the family, aud was born at the Irish settlement of Edgefield, the most lawless and duelling ?oint of South Carolina, in the year 796. This was tho man against whom Sumner leveled bis speech on the "Bar barism of Slavery." He was educated at the celebrated South Carolina College, at Columbia, where free trade was first taught by Cooper, of Pennsylvania, tho English son-in-law of Joseph Priestley. Calhoun seized on tho party cry of free trade to elect himself President, and tho nullifying laws were therefore passed against the Federal protective duties. It would seem that all South Carolinians, Unionista as well as Nullifiers, were free traders. Andrew P. Butler became a Judge at forty, and so remained twelve years, until George McDuffie died, when he was appointed United States Senator about 1847, and was in the Senate till his death in 1857. His father had been a ' regular army surgeon and a Congressman, r.nd his brother William was also n Con gressman, and married the sister of Com modore Perry, grand-aunt of Mrs. Bel mont, of Now York. Recollecting tho friendship between Belmont and Tom Bayard and the recent correspondence between Bayard ?nd Senutor Conkling, you will see a possible analogy between it and Senator Butler's outbreak. Ile is tho posterity of Miss Perry and a cousin of Perry Belmort, Congressman-elect. Auother Butler, Pierce M., was Governor of South Carolina in 1836, and was killed leading bis regiment ou the field of Cherubusco. Tho regiment marched to Mexico nearly 1,200 strong, and returned with only 800 men and few of its officers, and to it the Palmetto tree monument at Columbia is raised. The Pierce Butler who married Funny Kcmbie and resided nt Philadelphia was of slight relation to any of the public men foregoing, though it is suggestive that through the Kein bl es the Butlers are connections of General Grant, who3u daughter married the son of Fanny Kembla Butler's sister. In the dispute over carrying slavery into Oregon, 1848. Senator A. P. Butler said "he would tell bis constituents to go into the territories with arms in their hands and settle at all hazards. * * * I am ready to embark in the bont with my Slate and trust it to tho care of neaven." One month alter Charles Sumner was elected to the United States Semite ho presented a New England petition to re peal tho Fugitive Slave law, and in tho excited debate which followed he chose the old veteran Senators of the South, Butler and Mason, as the representative agents of slavery extension. Butler aiked if Mr. Sumner would send back fugitive slave? if tho law waa repealed. "ls thy servant a dog that he should do this thing?'' replied Sumner. "Then you tell mo iu my presence as a co equal Senator that it ia a dog's office to execto the Constitution of tho United States ?" So beean the exasperating animus be . _ .t.- ._!_..ii_J.... "r ?ir... - i rf ccu IUD ?j\?itv?i?.???v? V.? .i... u.^ji...... of age and tho Massachusetts champion of fortv. Sumner's animarnnnn in ?hot Senate'created as much'curioaity and dis gust as Cadst Whittaker did 80 years ; afterwards in tho military aristocracy of West Point. The father of Thomas Bay ard cast in his lot with the radical South ern clement, though he had married in Philadelphia. There was on old feud between South Carolina and Massachu setts, made personal by the mission of the father of George Hoar to Charleston as tho State agent to protect the freedom of Massaxdrttsetts colored sailors, and the debate between Webster and Haync, when Sumner was only nineteen years of age, had appeared to make these two States tho moral champions of tho slavery question. After the repeal of tho Mis souri comoromiso and the aggressions of Pierce's administration on Kansas, Sum ner levelled all tho personalities of a set Bpeooh, entitled "The Crimo Against Kansas," upon Stephen A. Douglas and Andrew Picken? Bntlor. The air was full of fight, and scalp takers from Kan sas were lying drunk around Washington hotels thtfeatening- to ."lick" somebody. Two t??ys nftcr ?peech, which had painted a godlew 'state of things m South Carolina, and paid no great respect to the intellect or good intentions of Sena tor Butler, the latter's young relative. Preston 8. Brooks,.who was 87 ^e. ra aid. and Sumner, then forty-five, assaulted the latter with a stick. Tho assault killed all three of the parties, lt is said, | Mr. Sumner suffered from tho assault for eighteen years, and, it is believed tohavo been among tba causes of his death. No moro was heard of the Butler family of Sooth Carolina for nearly twenty years, till the present Senator appeared in tho Hamburg massacre, near Augusta, Qa., but in the interval Benjamin F. Butler, an Ormond, too, as his grand father was in tho Revolutionary war, and his father in tbo war of 1812, made an immense reputation against tho rebellion, though be wa3 a Breckenridge elector for Massachusetts in 18G0. Roderick R. Butler, of Tennessee, late candidato for Speaker of tbo Legislature, is a Republi can, and was a mechanic, born PU tho mountains of Virginia, in the same county willi John S. Mosby. All ?he Butlers are of strong Irish temperaments. Washington Under Water. WASHINGTON, Feb. 12. Thc Long Bridge connecting Wash ington with Virginia soil ?B for tho most part a causeway, which bas mudo it a trim for tho Potomac during the last few dayo. Tho wurm wenther bad Hooded the river, aud ibo ice gorge above and below Long Bridge bas helped to swell the volume until early this morning when the ice began to break up. The swollen waters of the Potomac poured against tbo wall of masonry forming tho bridge across tho Potomac, backing tho river around tho point to where the Washing ton Monument stands, and thence across tho White Houso lot, filling up the lower ground between Pennsylvania avenue and South Washington, for the distance of a mile and a half. PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE FLOO*-' ?D. The result has been that all day long the lower portion of tbo broad avenue from Tenth street west to tho Capitol gate has literally been a canal, in which row boals, flat boats and nil kinds of small water craft bave been used to ferry people from their dwellings, places of business, and to and from soma of the smaller hotels located on the south Bide of the avenue. Fully one-half "of this great business thoroughfare bas been sub merged and is likely to be submerged for several days. All day long tho streets lending to the avenue have been thronged with pedestrians and vehicles. A VENICE IN WASHINGTON. Senators and Representatives crowded the balcony in front of the Congressional library watching the wonderful scene witnessed from this favorable position. Ono part of Washington had become a new Venice. Along- the streets where the pavements were known to be good horses were driven, and in some locali ties it required au effort moro than ford ing a stream ti get safely across. Tho broad space covered by tho Botanical Garden at the foot of tho Capitol bad become an nrtifirdnl Ink?. Tim sile of tho Baltimore and Potomac depot was surrounded with water, the flood causing all business tobe suspended. Street cars that were driven for awhile were aban doned on tho track. The great market house was isolated by tue flood, and even the few dealers who attempted to open up business on the open sidewalk were finally compelled to abandon their temporary quarters. THEATRE CLOSED BY WATER. Think of n theatre in the heart of Washington closed because it was impos sible to get to it except in boats. And yet there wero members of Congress Wbo had tho meanness to say that this great damaging overflow of tho bouka of the Potomac was a job got up by the advocates ufa large appropriation for tho Mississippi River, for while the Potomac was rising the House was engaged in discussing tho river and harbor bill. DAMAGE. The damage caused by tho flood is at present pure conjecture. The govern ment will be a heavy loser. The fish pond nnd ali the apparatus used by the Smithsonian Institute bas been destroyed and the carp scattered to destruction. Tho basement of the main building occu pied by tho census bureau is filled with water, though most of the papers and records stored there were removed in an ticipation of just what bas happened. The steam fire engines worked all day trying te keep down tho deluge in this building, but gave it up after boura of service as a bad job, it being discovered that it WOB practically throwing water over a rail lenee. BROKEN BRIDGES. The principal loss lo tho government will be the damage done to the bridges out of the city. Tho frame work of tho Long Bridge at tho draw having been swept away, railroad communication and postal connections South will be delayed for Boruo timo on this account. To-night the only means of communication with Alexandria is via Aqueduct Bridge, above Georgetown, by couriers, who have to take the Summit Road on tho Virginia side to reach that place, and from thence there is telegraphic and rail communica tion. It would seem almost incredibla to those acquainted with the topography of Washington that the scenes describer! aro real, and tho damage done here and in Georgetown will aggregate hundreds of thousands of dollars. Tho sight of tho unfinished monument on a little island, the waters almost laving ita very base, vas one of the attractions from the south frontof the treasury building, from which position a strong boy could easily have thrown a stono into the water. The stables of tho President, just south of the Executive Mansion, were within a sort distance cf tho encroaching flood, and near tho old Vau Ness mansion, which, in lim njrli.ii- /l. -f -> palatial residence, was n great basin of water big enough for a New York skat ing rink. Soutn Washington, generally known as the island, is now in very fact wholly ?cp?f?ic? fluni ibu other part of the city by n river from three hundred to e'ght hundred feet wide. Hov/ long tho flood will stay no ono can tell, but that it is here and likely to remain for several days no ono can doubt. A CONSCIENTIOUS GIRL.-The follow ing story is .ola of a two story brick bouse, in the suburbs of Boston, whose doors and windows aro nailed up and which has never been occupied : Nearly thirty years ago n young man built it for his bride, intending to mortgage it and pay for it gradually, ns his worldly goods increased, to all of which she agreed. When the wedding day was P.L ...Muted, tho trousseau ready and the bous? finish ed, he took tho lady sut from Boston to in spect it. After going over the house be Sresented ber with a deed of it for a wed ing gift. Knowing bis circumstances, she was astonished that ho had actually paid for it. Ho ci plained that, buying a ticket in A lottery he hnd drawn the first prize, which Just covered the cost of thc bouse. The Puritan maiden protest ed she would not take n home obtained by gambling, and refused the deed. His arguments wera of no avail ; she re mained obdurate. When they left the bouse he locked thc door ?nd threw tho key into the brook near by. The next day ho boarded up the windows, and only tho spiders and mice have ever occupied if. Tho man never married ; bc became rieb, but is a wanderer on tho face of the earth. Thc woman never married ; abe is still living,; poor and an invalid. - Some new feminine boots aro but? toned behind tho ankle. . AK OCEAN OP SNOW. Telegraph Polea Covered anO s Valley Filled -Pleasurea of Life In the Great North west. Dy Telegraph to the Herald. ST. PAUL, MIN., Fob. 13, 1881. Reports of tho succession of storms and high wind? continuo to come in from ail eectious of the Northwest. Some of the details are well calculated to shock the credulity of even the "oldest inhabi tant" of this section. Singular though it may seem, tho extreme Northwest, hz* beet: comparatively free from the worst features of the embargo upon travel. It would seem that thesuowfall in Dakota and Northern Minnesota has bean lifted bodily by ibo fierce tempest of wind and drifted into Southern Minnesota, Wis consin and Nebraska. Reliable reports reach here from along tho line of the Southern Minnesota to the oiled that for miles the t'.-iegraph poles are entirely concealed 'jy mountainous drifts. The Chanarniban Valley, twenty miles long and sixty feet deep, is filled to tho brim with snow. The water tanks wero bu ried out of view. Families living along this line have formed a genuine commune for the lime being, living together in ono j house and u?ing the others in the neigh borhood for fuel. This extreme expedi ent was rendered necessary by tho re moteness from timber and coal and the fact that the season of storms bad set in before they had laid in their winter Btock of supplies. That the storm has been a general ono tho following special advices from points remoto from each other clearly show : A Montevideo dispatch gives these details from that point : "The lastBtorm was the most severo ever experienced in this section. Business for four days was almost suspended, and it was with great difficulty that teams could be driven through the street!;. Tho snow in many places was drifted as high na thc second stories. No teams from the country havo come in for eight days, and the farmers travel only on snow shoes. In many places the fanners' horses and stables are completely buried under snow." A St. James dispatch says : "Since tho beginning of February this country has been visited by a series of storms wholly unprecedented since its settlement, and communication by railroad has been interrupted to au extent hitherto not known. Successive storms earlier in the winter had tested to the fullest extent the capacity of tho snow fences and groves of trees provided by the railroad company for the protection cf ina cuts along the line. The cuts havo been filled mountain high with drifted snow since tho lat of January, notwithstanding the herculean and well-directed efforts of the company to clear the track. Thero was at one timo a prospect of relief, the blockade having been raised within two miles of this town, but we relapsed into despair when last night another blizzard set in. It raged all night and to-day is still at full blast. The town is fairly overrun with shovellers, many of whom sleep in the depots and cars, unable to find accommodations elsewhere. Citi zens are joining the army and vio with the railroad men in their efforts to raiso the blockade." Wisconsin is also suffering from tho terrible tempest. The Wisconsin (/en trai road is reported to be almost past finding out. Tho telegraph wires on this lino are down and the trains Are blockaded. No trains are now ott?; .ed nor will be until there is a bettor pros Sect of getting them through than could e discerned nt noon to-day. Business cf all kinds is st a standstill. The wind is blowing at tho rate of forty miles an hour, and there is no telling when tho snow will cease falling. Specials from all parts of the State agree that the storm is general and the worst that hos been known in years. Madison advices report a heavy snowfall there. All trains on the roads running north and south from that place have been abandoned. The only casually reported in this section of the State is that of a Norwegian farmer, name unknown, who was frozen to death on the Sun Prairie road. It is supposed that ho was on his way home from town intoxicated and fell from his sled. His horses, losing their driver, doubtless became confused and lost their way. Even Iowa hes not been free from the worst effects of the storm. A Postville special received here this morning says : The severest strom of tho season has been raging steadily for twenty-four hours. The snow drifted six feet high in tho streets of the city. Part of a train on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul rail road is snowed in on the maia track at this station. Tho rest of tho train is somewhere between the stations. The Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railroad trains have been snowbound a week, three trains being at this station. There are drifts from three to eight feet high on both roads and all travel is suspended. The hotels are crowded with detained and anxious passengers." The following is from Marshalltown uudcr ' the same date: "We havo had twenty four hours of the wost storm of raiu and wind that has visited Central Iowa iii eighteen years. The Central railroad of Iowa and the Chicago and Northwestern are completely blocked up. The Illinois Central had ten trains in the drifts to-day on the Iowa division, one of them a stock train. E. Jeffrey, General Super intendent frorr? Q.Mnaon i* snowbound between Manson and Pomeroy, about one hundred and twenty miles -west of this place, and Trainmaster McNeil! caught in tho drifts at Charles City, on thc wr?uch. S??c??! ciippir? engines are in the shops here, and nearly every snow plough on this division is disabled. The Burlington, Cedar Rapids and j Northern lino was opened to Albcrtlea j last night for tho first time in a week, and now this air line is blocked again with tbreo feet of snow reported at Bur lington. This from Des Moines : "Tho worst | storm for thirty years has prevailed in this section for the h\st twenty-four hours. High windi havo drifted the snow BO as to block travel. No traius have arrived or departed since yesterday. On the trunk linea the tracks are snowed in, and trains have been unable to move to-day. On the branch roads all trains are. sus fended. A train on tho Rock Island toad, which left Council Bluffs yesterday at half-past five, struck a snow bank a mile long and remains there still. A train running west yesterday evening got ] stuck between Grinnell and Newton, and couldn't go either way. The train yes terday ftom Fort Dodge got within ten miles of this city, and ls there yet. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy and Chicago and Northwestern are lu the same condition. Tho snow is packed sn that it can only be removed by shovels, and but little progress can bo made till the wind subsides." Advices from the pineries far away in the North shows that they have not been slighted by tbs storm. A citizen cl St. Paul, just from there, says that the snow i in tho woods is now fully three feet deep i on the high ground and four feet or more in depth in tue swamps." The dispatches above cover tho terri tory which has suffered most from the storms, but later advices from points rc? moto from telegraph communication may reveal a more critical condition of affairs than this. If tho unprecedented depth of suow should remain until thc spring rains, at?d then all go off in s vofurr?, tho whole valley of tho Mississippi and its tributaries would be inundated and great suffering would ensue. The weather hero has been in a niching mood for a week, until within a couple of days, when it has been cold and clear. In fact, it was clear and cold hore when the ele ments woro robing in nil their fury south west and east of us, ns appears by tho advices received hero and reported in detail above. Thc Soil. For the convenience of tho reader, wo reproduce tho composition of a fertile, 601I, as given in a Into issue of this pa per. Organic matter. 9.7 Silica. G4.8 Alumina. 5.7 Lime. 5.9 Magnesia.9 Oxide iron. 0.1 , Oxide manganese.1 ' Potash.2 Soda.4 Chlorine.2 Sulphuric acid.2 Phosphoric acid.3 Loss during analysis, &c 3.4 100 Having already commented on ibo functions of alumina and organic mutter in tho soil, wo proceed now to notice other pc'nts. Scarcely any two soils will show iden tity of composition ; nor do we mean to say that all fertile soils conform to the standard above given. Buta soil to bc fertile, mina contain, not necessarily in the Hame proportions, but to a Biiliieicnt citent, and in available forms, all tho destitueras given in our table. For all }di.ms f.uke up from the soil, but in dif erci.c. proportions, potash, soda, lime, magnesia, oxide iron, oxide manganese sometimes, silica, chlorine, sulphuric and Ehosplu tc acids. Every soil, then, to e productive, must contain all theso substances. Tho?o constituents which exist in tho soil in small quantities aro exactly those which demand the special notice and care of the farmer. This is so because they are most liable to ex haustion for thc double reason: (1) Be cause they are found tn so small an extent in thc soil, and (2), because upon them tho growing plant makes its heav iest demand:?. Lei us look nc this mailer a little more in detail. Tho amount of phosphoric acid is given as 0.4 per cent, or four-tenths of a pound in 100 pounds dry soil, and vt-ry few soils contain even so much as this. Is not this too small an ainouut of phosphoric acid to arrest serious attention ? We reply by saying that the amount of phosphoric acid in the soil is exceedingly small, but at the same time enormously large. Relatively small, absolutely large. The soil of an acre 12 inches deep will weigh, in round numbers, 4,000,000. pounds, and will contain nt the rate of for.r-teuths, of a pound of phosphoric acid in 100 pounds soil-0.4 per cent.-10,000 pounds or 8 tons of phosphoric acid. To add this much phosphoric acid to thc soil would demand per acre a little moro than 17 tons of pure bone phosphate. A soil, then, containing no phosphoric acid, is agriculturally worthless. To attempt tb supply four-tenths of one per cent, of phosphoric acid to such a soil would nost more money thnn the value of tb? heav iest yield at the highest price* of white Burley tobacco in the limestone regions of Kentucky. A soil containing no pot ash, no soda, no chlorine, no lime, no sulphuric acid, no phosphoric acid, ail of which added together mako only (see table) seven percent, of the weight of tho soil, ts no soil at nil ; it ss simply a des ert. But, as we have remarked, the plant makes its heaviest demands on those constituents of thc soil, which constitute such a small- part of its weight. For instance, thc ash of thc grain of wheat contains 49 per cent, of phosphoric acid ; in other words, wheat and the cereals generally tuko up from the soil about as much of phosphoric acid as of all tho other substances furnished by the soil put together. So, also, moro than half the weigi t (51 per cent.) of the ash of potaiow .* potash ; nearly two-thirds (64 per cent.) of tobacco ash is made up of potash and lime. We might continue the illustration to any extent, showing that pluma moko upon the soil tho heav iest demands for those substances which it contains in tho smallest proportions. Hence the intelligent farmer seeks to add these substances to "he soil hythe ap plication of various fertilizers, particular ly commercial fertilizers; and sims, by deep plowing and fullow crops, to hasten the disintegration of mineral masses, and bring their soluble constituents to the surfuce for admixture with the soil prop er. In tho light of theso fact?, we see the philosophy of a rotation of crops. If a soil bo cultivated for a succession of sea sons in the cereals, there will benn ex haustion, greater or less, of phosphoric acid ; and tho constant cultivation of tobacco on the samo laud will causo a deficiency of potash and lime in the soil. What is th? true indication, and what sort of crops rhould follow each other in rotation* 'Ii. ?u that n ahe demands as different os possible upon the soil, so that one or two constituents shall not bo _i.:_.,i t~_l-l -?_- - A uut.ji.\ 1 v M %\? n-n t lin i-i i .11 ii jicai ni LC 1 year. For instance, tobacco will take up potash and limo largely aud very little phosphoric acid. Let it be followed by wheat, which will demand phosphoric acid largely and very little'potash and lime. By tho timo tho land is again planted in tobacco, too ?necinl exhaus tion of potash and limo caused by the first tobacco crop has been repaired by the disintegration of the purely mineral mutter of the soil, or by tho addition of limo and potash in tho form of manure, or as is usually the case, by the combina tion of theso processes. Wo see also why a soil, if let alone, always reverts to ita natural condition. Let us consider two arcas : One natu rally poor, bas been KO fertilized that it produces five barrels of corn to tho nero; the other, naturally rich, bas been so exhausted by constant cultivation, that, though once producing ten, it also now produces only five barrels. Tho produc tive capacity of each is now the same; aro tbo two tracts of equal value? By no means. Tho tract originally poor, if let alone, wit) fall back to its original barrenness ; tho tract, naturally rich, if let alone, will regain its original fertility. The former bas to be constantly nursed and doctored that it may hold its own ; the latter, without assistance except from tba recuperating powers of nature, will become rich again. Why so? A soil is only disintegrated rock mixed with vari able amounis of organic matter. This rock underlying the soil is always break ing down. It ls reduced by tho plow, by the roots of plants, by the solvent power I of water, by tho disruptive effect of frcez [ ing water, by alternations of beat and cold, and by the chemical action of the atmosphere. Thc composition of the soil j depends upon the composition of tho underlying rock.** If tho'rock contain, ia sufficient quantities, all the necessary constituents of a fertile soil, its reduction and disintegration will produce a fertile eoil. By n?l??H?!t-n oumoatinn WA rnav remove these constituents more rapidly than they can he set free, and hence reduce tho productive capacity of tho soil, or make it poor. But if we will only stay our hands, '. ie to: c, crumbling under tho silent action o? tho great forces of nature, will ngaiu giv? UR a soil a? rich os it was when its virgin bosom was first torn and tortured by tho plow. The soil, naturally poor, made rich by artificial means, left to itself, reverts also of necessity to its original condition. Tho underlying rock is deficient in some essential constituent of a fertile soil, per haps potash, perhaps phosphoric acid. To cr .-ble it to bring n gi jd trop, these substances must bc furnished in putres cent or commercial manaren. You apply tho manuro, tho crop comes. All right, you say, your land is now rich. Yes, rich for a year or two, rich ns long ni your manures supply tho deficient con stituents. Simply l?t lt alone, and it be comes poor again. The manure is exhausted, and tho rock, as it disinte grates, cannot supply, for it doc- uot contain, sufficient quantities of those euiential constituents*, potasl and phos phoric acid. Hence a pince of land, naturally rich, but now poe. from drastic treatment, will show thc effect for many years of a liberal application of manure. With this help, the natural disintegration of the mineral ic. tier of the soil and sub soil supplies to succeeding crops ail the inorganic food they require. But if the soil be formed from poor rock, the effect of Hie same manuro will bo far less per manen^ for successive crops must depend, as to certain mineral constitu ents of plants, chiefly upon manures and little upon the soil. To know, then, tho history of a tract of land is an important factor in the determination of its value. If it has been nursed from original infertility up to ? respectable productiveness by heavy expenditures of money for manures, it is i nevertheless far less valuable than a tract whose productive capacity was originaly .twice as great, but has been i reduced to tho same point by exhaustive < tillage. Land, then, bow poor Boevcr < now, if originally rich, constantly tends ? to reguin its own, and, with a little extra '. help and kind treatment, will make i sensible advancement every year, and i will soon accomplish the result. Land, ' however, which may bo rich now by ' manurial applications, but was originally ' poor, will demand all tho time the same i generous treatment, or revert to its orig- 1 inal barrenness. Thus wo see that two i given area9 may be equally productive I now, and yet possess altogether different t values. Tho failure to notice this distinction, i to trace the history of a farm, has led to : grievous blunders and irreparable disas ter. To buy poor land once rich is a I wise investment, to buy at moderate rates 1 rich land that was originally poor, may i bo judicious under particular circum- < stance? ; but to buy nt almost any price 1 land that is poor and was born poor, is I simply to get possession of a money sink. I -Religious Herald. The Train and the Trestle. Tho news was received in the city yes terday morning of nn accident on the Charleston and Savannah Railway which recalls a similar occurrence on tho Cam- 1 den branch of the South Carolina Rail road, over twenty years ago, when morn than three miles of trestle toppled over I like a row of bricks. The particulars of ; the occurrence are aa follows : Tho freight train oa the Charleston and Savannah Railway, which left Savan- 1 nab at half-past 7 o'clock on Thursday evening, fell through the trestle near the J ?a-'uniuih River, oil the South Carolina side. The acrider*, is supposed to have 1 been caused Dy tlu creaking of an axle 1 of ooo of ti>e freight cars, which knocked 1 ono of tho clenches of tho trestlework 1 out of its place. This v.-wakened the j connecting benches and caused the col- 1 lapse of about two miles of trestling, 1 which sank quietly into the swamp with 1 tho engine lind train of cars still upon ] the track. No one was hurt, and tho cars escaped with little injury. The train was in charge of Conductor 1 C. C. Murphy, an ". the engine {No. 19) ! was driven by Mr. Janies Wilkinson. There were twenty loaded freight cars 1 attached to tue engine. 1 At the place of the accident lhere are 1 altogether four and one-third miles of 1 trestling, about two-thirds of which is on tho South Carolina sido of the river. Where tho train fell in tho height of the trestling was about ten feet from the ground. The train was about two hun dred yards from tho solid ground when the crush came, and it is said that the en gineer saw the track giving way behind him, but too lalo to Eave hts train. Mr. C. S. Gadsdea, thc Superintendent of the Road, went to the scene of the accident by the 7 o'clock train yesterday morning, but had not returned to the city last night. From such information os could be de rived from thc officials in this city it is impossible to make any correct estimate of the extent of the damage, tho cost of tho trestling or the length of time that must elapse before thorough travel by rail can be resumed. A force of five hundred hands bas been put to work, and tho break will be repaired with all The tresillos which fell in ?ras built about the year 1869. It was well put to gether, of good pino timber, and was constructed of benches held together by long wood stringers or sills, the wholo braced with crossties. This superstruc ture waa supported by piles well driven into the marshy ground oelow, and form ing ? substantial and steady foundation. Tho connecting limbers were so strung that when one hcuch of the trestling gave way it pulled with great force upon the other benches and, destroying their perpendicular, caused tho two miles to give way.-News and Courier. - Mr. Carlyle is believed to have be queathed tho greater part of his large and valuable library to Harvard College. Ho had signified such an intention before his death. - The Mentor correspondents have about exhausted Cabinet possibilities, but one inventive fellow says that Gar field is looking after the wives of candi dates and will accept no man wedded to a busy-body, or one who has a raft of poor relations to bc provided for. - Little Minnie Lee, the ten-year-old daughter of Charles F. Lee, of Newark, N. J., who was bitten by a mad dog last New Year's evening, died Thursday. She passed adrcadful night, frothing at the mouth, snarling and straggling so that it required several men to hold lier, and finally died in great agony. - In a case at tho last term of Abbe ville Court an appeal was taken from a conviction under tue stock law, the pris oner's counsel holding the law to bo in conflict with Section 20, Article II, and Section 10, Artie's I. Tho Judge sus tained tho constitutionality of tho Act, and the case goes to the Supremo Court. WHAT MAY BE A TRUNK LIRE? A Project Which inny holp Cincinnati Southern lo Ileach the Sen. Trie Blue Ridge- Railroad Company ol South Carolina iras chartered In that State, Georgia, North Carolina and Ten nessee in 1852. This road w.;n to extend from Anderson, 8. C., to Knoxvillo.Tenn., a distar*? of 196 miles. Tho enterprise eras tho business dream of John C. Cal houn, and has been the pct scheme of thc Trcnholms, tho Gouidins, tho Hamptons, and the leading men of South Carolina ever since thuruna was first pro jected. The object 1*1 tho incorporatorti was to connect Charleston with the ?reat Northwest by a direct lino of rnilB which would shorten tho distance to Chicngo and Cincinnati over tho existing lines by rubout 200 miles. On tho South Caroli na and Georgia end of thc linc over ?4, 000,000 we?o expended before the civil war put au end to thc work. Of this sum, the State of South Carolina and tho city of Charleston contributed $3,000,000, and tho wallanee was raise, hy voluntary subscriptions and mortgage bonds, which aro now tho only existing lieus on tho rond. In South Carolina 43 miles of tho road were completed, connecting .'nder son with Walhalla, and this section of the road has been in good runnig order over since. Beyond Walhalla tho road was graded ai faros ihe Blue Ridge Mountains, and a tunnel, 6,000 feet in length, was begun through tho mountains. About 4,500 feet of litis tunnel were completed, 450 feet being bored through rock. By means of tunnel the grade over the moun tains wns reduced lo 70 feet to tho mile, which is an easier grado than that of any of thc other ruilronds cro-sing tho Blue Ridge and tho Allegamos. In the Stnto of Georgia two small tunnels wero part of the original plan of tho rond. Ono of them i-i t ntii ely completed, and tho other is very nearly so. A largo part of the grading in Georgia is aleo completed. Tho road runs directly through tho Rabun Clap, which admits of a passage through the mountains nt a comparatively trilling expense. On the north-western cud of lite line 18 miles of road were completed, from Knoxville lo Marysville, Tenn., and this portion has been in running or [1er over since it was built. At this cud of tlic road about $1,000,000 were expen ilcd by ibo State of Tonne oe, under the internal Improvement net. Ono buudred ?ind thirty-li .-e miles of tho rond, as orig inally surveyed, remain to bo constructed. Thc work was being rapidly prosecuted tvhen tho civil war begun; ?nil ?hat put a reto on thc enterprise which has not been removed up ta the present time. A num- ! ber of New York and Boston capitalists ire now preparing to take possession of the charter, and push the read through to completion. A prominent South Carolina citizen low in New York told a Times reporter yesterday some very interesting facts in in regard to tho Blue Ridge Railroad and the roads with which it will compete for business if it is built as originally de signed. He said : "The mortgage liens sn this property consist of first mortgage bonds to tho amount of $236,000, with in terest since 1861, and second mortgage bondi to the amount of $598,000. In 1854 a first mortgage loan of $1,500,000 was authorized by tho company, but under this authority bonds to tho amount of $236.000 only were issued. In the same year tho Legislature of South Caro lina guaranteed bonds to tho compuuy to complete tho road to tho amount of $1,000,000. This guarantee was uever used, but in 1868 tho Legislature con firmed it and added $3.0?0.000 to the guarantee, provided BO much was neces sary to pay tho outstanding first mortgage bonds, and tho floating debt of Ibo com pany, and to completo the road. Owing to tho panic of 1873, only $598,000 of these second mortgage bonos, guaranteed by the State, were ever issued, and the balance of Ibo State guarantee was re turned to the Stato Treasury and can celed. The Stato guarantee on tho Bec and mortgage bonds was declared consti tutional by Judge Melton, of thc Court af Common Pleas of Richland county, before tho indorsement was made. Those mortgages aro a first and second lien on ibo entire road, with all the rights aud franchises of the company, except on tho Tennessee end of tho line, where the State of Tenuesseo has a prior Hen on the 18 miles of completed road, for the $1,000,000 advanced under tho Internal Improvement act. The importance of the action about to be taken townrd tho completion of tho road will be apprecia ted by those who understand tho system of railroads connecting the great North west with tho Southeastern Atlantic ports. The Louisville and Nashville and tho Kentucky Central Companies have re cently combined with the Kuoxville and Ohio Company, und agreed to build their roads to the Tennessee linc, so as to form a direct connection with Knoxville, and contracts for tho work are about to bo awarded. The Cincinnati Southern finds itself at Chattanooga dependent on tho Louisville and Nashville to reach thc Atlantic ports of tho Southeast ; and in order to make itself independent, tho Cincinnati Southern has already sur veyed a Uno from Emory Gap directly east to Knoxville, a distance or 42 miles. So you Bee the tn?ee great Western and Southern corporations are making haste to reach Knoxville, thc northwestern end nf tb? Blue Ridge Railroad. At Ander son, the southeastern end, there ore two railroad connections with Charleston, Port Royal and Savannah. Ono is over tho Greenville and fTnltimhia Rn?!ro?d, which has recently been nure.hft*pd hy the Clydo party, of this city, and tbo Stewarts, of Richmond, Va. Tbo other is by woy of the Savannah Valley, which is to bo built, and the route tbis way will bo 50 miles shorter than by the Greenville Road. Tho Edgefield, Trenton nnd Aiken Railroad is rapidly approaching comple tion. The South Carolina Railroad, thc great corporation of tho State, is about to pass into the bands of New York and Boston Capitalists. It should be remem bered," continued tho speaker, "that tho only completed railroad from the North west to the Southeast is tho Chattanooga and Atlanta, now controlled by tho Louisville and Nashville Company. The freight business of this line ia so great that tho trains almost touch each other, and the facilities for doing tho business of the section aro totally inr.de ?unte. The completion of tho Blue lidge Road will supply n want that baa long been felt. It will bo a trunk line, fully able to compete with tho Chatta nooga and Atlanta line, aud will reduce tbo distance from Chicago aud Cincinnati to the Southeast ports by about 200 miles. The parties controlling tho Blue Ridge Road at both ends aro now organizing for ita rapid completion." Tho estimated cost of tho work is $8,000,000.-N. Y. Time*. - Rev. Samuel W. Duke, in a recent Bostou Monday lecturo, ra ii": that in Ver mont the proportion of divorces is one to every fourteen marriages ; in Rhode Island, ono to every thirteen in Massa chusetts, one to overy two ..y-one. The Charleston New? ana Courier oaya that "two men in Vermont found it *asy to twap wives by appearing it. Court and briefly stating their Trish ci and rouons/' General New? Summary. - House-rents in New York city hav ? advanced from ten to twcnty-flvo p< fl -There has loen unusual mortal it , among tho colored people of Pickensthi [ winter. i - It is said that Hayes will nominal , ' Taft for the Supremo Court, if Matthew i.t rejected. - A seat in tho New York Sloe ? Board wos recently sold for thirty thot . sand dollars. I - A son of Henry Ward Beecher hi been appointed an Assistant District A ' torney in New Y'ork. - A man in Pennsylvania has nco , that produces twenty-threo and a ba ' pounds of butter a week. - Abbeville county hoH paid $21,202 48 for Slate, $13,384.01 for county an i $8,917.50 for school taxe*. - Tho inland fisheries of Easter North Carolina yieldi $500,000 per ar ' n ii ni and employ 4,000 men. ! - Mr. John T. Raymond has scored j great success in New York in his ne ' play, "Fresh, the American." - Ti'O State of Kansas is going I I pince n statue of John Brown in tho Ni j lionel Gallery at Washington. - Senator Allison's chief reconuuei ? dation for the Cabinet is that beean bei j General Schcnck nt draw-poker. - A Norwich, Conn., fourteen-yeai old boy is writing and illustrating n po] ular history of the United States. - Amos T. Dwight, one of tho olde members of tho Now York Cotton Ei change, died on Monday, 7th inst. - Mrs. Hayes says she likes to live i tho White House. This, wo believe, also one of Mr. Hayes' weaknesses. - Ex-Governor Tnlbott, of Massaclu j setts, tinnies that women should 1 allowed to vote in municipal affairs. - Every building in the town of Pa Mancha?, Ln., was swept away by a te rifle storm of wind und rain on the 91 inst. - A citizen of Vermont has recoven fifteen hundred dollars from a rail rot company in tb nt State for cutting off h ear. - Henry, tho body servant of Ho A. H. .Stephens, who recently died ? Crawfordsvillc, Ga., wus worth nboi $20,000. - A constitutional amendment is no beforo tho Missouri Legislature prohib? ing tho manufacturo of alcoholic liquu in that State. - Ludlow Street jail, New Y'ork eil has a number of prisoners confined f debt, ono of whom iias boen thero 1 more than fivo years. - A bar-room for women bas be ioprncd on one of Now York's most fa9 onnble thoroughfares, and is reported bo liberally patronized. - Tho storm on the 8th instant causi eight laud slides on tho Air Line Ra road, between Charlotto and Atlant The damage, however, was not great. - A bill has been presented in tl Missouri Legislature- providing that bel after nt all general elections tbe voti shall bo by viva voce, and not by ballot. - A villago is to bo organized ne Boston, tho tillo deeds to which will co tain a clause forever prohibiting t manufacturo or salo of intoxicati liquoiR in tho town. - Col. John 8. Mosby is mentioned Washington as tho next Republican ca didate for Governor of Virginia. It said that a movement already is on f< to secure for him the nomination. - Tho Hon. John H. Dillard, As ciato Justice of the Supreme Court North Carolina, hos resigned his posiii on tho bench. Col. Thomas Ruffin 1 been appointed to fill the vacancy. - Tho dividend declared by tbe less< of the Georgia Western and Allan Railroad at their recent meeting was f thousand for each share. ' On twei shrres they paid out one hundred th? sf nd dol?ais. - Two Senators and six Represen lives were captured in a recent pol raid on gambling places in WaBhingt This is another illustration of tho efl of Washington "malaria" on the C grcasional system. - Tho Masons of Augusta have termincd to build a new Masonic Tem and a fine theatre on the Bite of tl; present lodge room. Tho improvem will cost about $55,000. Tho new thc? will seat one thousand people. - A Galveston widow is about mnrry lier fifth husband. Her pastor bukeil her for contemplating matrimi BO soon again. "Well, I just want yoi understand, if the Lord keeps on tak them I will too," was tho spirited rc| - At the Delaware Breakwater the last week was frozen over for more tl twelve miles oui., and tho mouth of bay from Lawes to tho opposite Jei shore was closed completely, and pera could r-.ro.--a cn foot to Capo May, a tance of ten miles. - The South Caroliua Railroad of a rate of $10 for emigrants, from ? York to Columbia via Charleston, route being from Now York to Charlo: by steamer, and from Charleston to lumbla by rail. Thia price includes c dren, baggage, Sec. - It is estimated that it will only t about twenty years to consumo tho oi nal pine forest of Georgia, and i thought to be timo for .tho ndnptio somo effective measure of protect Tl.? />n...i.n.?l!?. Atmmtfm 1 O Of? XOC "SuuwiMp.ivM uuimg .uuv atui*ui to over 250,000 acres. - An ordinance hos been pass?e the Augusta Board of Health requii the vaccination of all children :n I limit* of the city cf Augusta, snd bidding teachers of private and pt schools lo admit any unvuecinated < dren into their schools. - An effort ia being made to ce au increased clerical force for tho AU trostoffice, tho business has grown toi argo proportions. In 187G tho tot? ceipts of the office wore $24,424.35, w in 1880 they were $52,925.28, or i than twice tue amount. - Tho woman's rights movement received a boost in Texas, where a : lution has been forced through the islature, in the teeth of determined position, admitting the sisters to posi in thc Stato departments on an equ with men. The heads of depann havo hitherto denied them employ! - Thc students at Eastman's Cora cial College in Poughkeepsie. New 1 have compelled the exclusion of Fr lek C. Dickerson, a colored young of character and intelligence. Hi had beon paid and he had comm? his studies, when the white stu threatened violence if he cont! among them. - A bill has becn^u&sed by the! Carolina Legislature providing fo fiublication of a roll of the Nortb ina troops in the late war. The di collecting tho names bas been dele to Major Mooro, the historian. In tion to this work, he will add other descriptive of tho movements of regiment during tho war. - In California tho males for outnumbered tho females very la but this disproportion hos beengrat decreasing, and now tho disparity ii paratively email. According to tl census, the population of the Stal ?gnslre of Cbkwe-, who are neat meo, ia 789,086, of which number 443,271 are males and 346,415 females, e - Colonel Jerome Bonaparte and his ir wife are now living in Washington and entertaining a great deal. Mrs. Bena ir parte-n grand-daughter of Daniel Web s ster-is a clever and charming woman. She dresses magnificently, and often 0 wean beautiful jewels, a large share of s which descended to her from the late Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte. V - A tabulated statement of thecondi . tion of tho State Banks of Georgia, which, under tho laws of the State, are s required to make semi-annual returns to - the Governor of their condition, shows an invested capital of $5,487,051.40, with r $7,167,351.91 of discounted papers, of f which only $268,999.27 aro considered doubtful, bad or worthless, - . A party of fifteen Maine mon, rop 1 ii "puting A half million of capital, passed through Chicago a few naya ngo on their ? wnj to Ar'.ansas and Texas. They will . .select and bargain for eligible sites for towna and settlements. It ls proposed to i send out largo colonies from the East, t and arrangemcnti! will bp made by this advance party for the incoming settlers. . - Thomas L. James, tho efficient post ' master of Now York, is the favorite can didate of many of the leading Republi " cans of New York for the Postmaster* '? Generalship. Here is an opportunity to improve tho civil service of tho country by appointing a competent man who is ' an expert, instead of a politician who cannot tell n mail bag from n sack of ' flour. - If a mun bad put ?10,000 ic West ern Union stock when tho company was 1 organized and left it lying tuero un 1 touched and uncared for, his Investment would now be worth $481,700, and the ' cash dividends would have amounted to ' as much moro in the interval. This is rather better than being ono of tbe lilies 1 of tho field which sow not, neither do they spin. - A silver mino bas been located in W i Ikea County, Ga. Somo of its oro has been assayed and yields $112 to tho ton. This is tho richest silver oro yet found in tho South, and there is a sharp demaud for the stock of tho mine. It is owned by Mr. George T. Jackson, of Augusta, and a fow others. It is valued nt $1,000, 000, and several thousand shares have been taken in New York. - Tho Wisconsin Grangers aro rally i ing again ns "Tho Alliance," to regulato railroad, express, telegraph and other corporations and increase their burden ; cf taxation. A bill has been already , introduced into the Legislature lo add 50- per cent, to railway licenses, but a powerful lobby is working against it, and \ it is partly pressed in a spirit of revengo" by dissatisfied patrons of thc road. - Benjamin Hendricks, a Newark, Ohio, furmor, seventy-eight years old, who recently deeded bis 100-acro farm to his son with tho understanding that be was to bo cared for tho rest of his life, was turned out in tho cold, barefooted and thinly clad, tho other day, and was badly frozen when tho neighbors finally took him in. The local indignation in duced tho son to toko bis father back, und steps will be taken to Bet tbe deed asido and restore tho property to the old man. - In tho year 1878 tho ..otal receipts of rough rico of all grades at Wilming ton, NT C., did not exceed 20,000 bushels. In 1879 tho receipts were probably 40,000 bushels, or about double thoso of tho year previous, as near aa can bo esti mated. For the present crop year it ia . estimated that they will reach not less than 100,000 bushels, about enc half cf which is upland, while the year to como, judging from the present indications, the receipts will probably be increased at least 50 per cent. - The Supreme Court of Appcala of Virginia on the 10th inst., rendered a decision reversing tho judgment of tbs Corporation Court of Danville in the caso of James Thomas DeJornette, con victed, in September last, of the murder of his sister, Mollie De Jnrnetto. and ssn I fenced to bo banged on tho 29th of Octo ber, but in whose case, a writ of error be ing granted, execution was stayed. De Jaruette shot and killed his sister in a house of ill fame last July. Tbe COBO has been remanded for a new triai. - Homer Jenkins, a young well-to-do farmer, aged 20, committed suicide at his homo fifteen miles from Greenville on the morning of tho 11th, by blowing out his brains with an army musket. No cause is assigned for tho act. He arose before tho sun and loading tao muakot went into a field, ho said, to shoot somo birds. Going sovorol hundred yards from his house bo placed the butt of tho gun on a rock and with a forked stick pushed tho trigger, tho gun firing and taking off a good portion of the top of his bead. - Mrr. Lucy A. Elkins, wife of a once famous Chicago artist, Henry A. Elkins, bas commenced suit against a Chicago saloon keeper named William Cuducy and tho owners of the building he occu Eied for $25,000 for debauching her has and and making bim a confirmed drunkard. Elkins, she says, was earning $10.000 a year at bis profession, whoa Cuduoy enticed bim into his place, and there ho squandered not less than $20,000 of hts hard-earned income, and has since been incapacitated for work at his pro fession ana unable, toaupport his'family. - A Washington letter says : "Tho fact that tho select committee bf the Houso on tho inter-occanic ship canal has, by a majority of one, pgrceu to report a bill to guarantee $50,000,000 of bonds for the j Eada,company is of no earthly signifi cance, as tho scheme cannot get fifty votes in the Houso. In tho meeting of the committee yesterday there was rather an exciting sceno just before tho vote was taken. The peppery Mr. Conger, whose son is said to be tho private secretary to Mr. Fads, favored the scheme. Mr. Hutchins sug?estod^that Mr. Conger's action might DO influenced by personal considerations. Mr. Conger boiled all over and called Mr. Hutchins a liar, ' when tho latter returned the compliment by calling bim a scoundrel. After this exchange of courtesies business was pro ceeded with. Neither of the gentlemen ! are from the South. Mr. Conger is from Michigan and Mr. Hutchins is from New 1 York." - The Washington correspondent of - tho Philadelphia Time* is responsible for i the statement that Mr. Hayes bas, during ' bis four years' fraudulent occupancy of ' tho White House, been indulging in some ? petty swindling in open violation of law. 1 by which he has realized a few hundred . dollars. It appears that a few dava after I his inauguration he demanded the pay ment of a month's salary ($4,166.66) ? advance, and the treasurer, thinking he 3 really needed the money, sent it to him. ' A similar demand was compiled with in f April and knottier in May, but the $ecro 1 tary refused to pay the latter, after noti . lying Mr. Hayes that to do so would be s an open violation of Section 3,<J48 of tho ? Revised Statutes, which declares that "no advance of public monoy shall be rando r in any case whatever." After receiving , this notification Mr. Hsyes temporarily r withdrew his request, hat subsequently . demanded and obtained his salary on the t 15th of every month. Tbls anecies ol - petty swindling readers him liable tfl I topewhaitfnh sv