University of South Carolina Libraries
BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. -Mjg^^^jw^li^i^? ANDERSON, S. O, THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 18, 1880. VOLUME XVI.?m. 19. The Judge's Surprise. The day was bitterly cold in Virginia City, as winter days most generally are in that Alpine town, and though the sun was bright, its rays were as cheerless and chill almost as moonbeams. Wild gusts whistled through the streets, breathing icicles and frost in their furious course, and driving every living thing away to seek shelter from its biting, penetrating breath. And yet not every one was sheltered from the pitiless gale, for he who had work to do or business to trans? act was summoned, by inexorable duty, to come forth to Iiis post, or else, when the day of reckoning came, abide by the consequence?. Of tha?e luckless excep? tions, AbeDanning, the baker, was one. In sunshine or storm, hail, rain or snow people must cat; eat, in fact, all the more voraciously becauss it does hail or snow, as if to perpetrate an unseasonable joke upon the baker, who, especially, in appe? tizing weather, must see to it that his customer's larders ba properly stored with the rarest and best productions of his oven. Even such cold weather as thu did nob* deter Mr. Denning from attending to the wants of his customers with the assidui? ty and attention characteristic of his class. While disappearing into a customer's house with an armful of bread, a girl of some fifteen years of age, emerged from a miner's cabin close by, and first casting wild and hurried glances around her, rushed to the baker's cert, and had just ab? stracted therefrom three loaves of bread, and was carrying them oft", when the baker returned and caught her in the act. Unfortunately, an officer was passing just at the time, and the. baker, on the spur of the moment, and without giving the case that consideration which be otherwise might, gave her in custody on a charge of theft. The girl, without any attempt at expostulation or explanation, burst into an agony of tears?a sufficient evidence, perhaps, that sho was but a novice, after all, in the art of stealing. "Oh I" she exclaimed, ""don't take me in this way. Let me wrap a shawl around my head, or the people will know, me." The officer, consenting, accompanied her into the cabin, while the baker drove away, telling the policeman he would in court the next day to prefer the charge before the police judge. The officer, on entering, fouud no one in the cabin, but three children?the youngest about three years old, and the eldest six. The hut was cold and cheer? less ; there was no fire. The two elder children, alamed at the presence of the officer, exhibited discolored eyes and faces, which bore evidence of suffering and re? cent tears; while little Willie-, the young? est, was cryingand inappeasable, moping aimlessly around the cabin, looking into the empty closet, and putting his little hands mechanically into the empty dishes on the table. "What made you steal the bread, my girl?" asked the officer. At mention of the word "bread," little Willie looked tearfully and'piteously in the man's face. The girl hugged the little felbw frantical? ly in 'her arm.*, covering him with tears and kisses. "0, my poor little brother I" she cried, bitterly. "What will become of you now? This man is going to take your Lena away with him !" Here the child threw his arms around her neck, as if to detian her by force; nbile the other two children screamed piteously. The officer, * suspecting the actual state of affairs, began to investigate. "Is there no coal, or nothing at all to eat in the house ?" said he. "No coal, no bread, nothing to eat!" replied the girl, wringing her hands; and poor Willie and the rest of us have had nothing to eat since yesterday morning." Here the officer went away, saying that he would be back again in a short time. "Is the man gone for bread ?" asked the oldest of the children. "Huslr, Mollie,dea'r!" said Lena. "I don't know what he is gone for. He's not a bad man, anyhow, for he hasn't ar? rested me, as I thought he "would." In a very few minutes the officer re? turned, with bread and groceries, not forgetting some cakes and condiments for the smallest children ; while another man at his heels carried a big sack of coal on his back. At the sight of the bread the children screamed with delight, and while Lena cut up large slices of bread, nnd helped the children and herself, the two men set to i. ork and made a large fire in the stove, the glow of which soon diffused warmth and comfort through the cabin. Then they cooked the meat, and made tea, and spread a steaming meal on the table for the four orphans, while they carved and and attended to their wants till they were fully satisfied. Happy, happy childhood, whose pre? rogatives are inuocence,mirth and joy! The children, after their dinner, didn't look like the same children at all. Their facc3 were bright and joyous, happy and handsome; and in a few minutes they were playing and laughing and romping, as happy as if they had never felt t he pangs of hunger. "And now," said the officer, delighted at seeing the children so happy, "sit down, Lena, and answer me a few ques? tions. Have you no father or mother ?" "We have no mother," was Lena's re? ply. "She died about a year ago, and father went away to Eureka to work, about eight months ago, and we hain't seen him ever since." "What is your father's name?" "Dawson?Jim Dawson." "And he has sent vou no money?noth? ing?" "Nothing. Never heard of him since he went away. But when he was going lie left us a Dag- of flour, and lots of gro? ceries and things?as much as would last us for six months; and said iie'd be sure and be back before the provisions were all out." "And you got no letter from him at all." "Not one," replied L3na, with a deep sigh. Poor Dawson had written to his chil? dren, however, but, postal communication being at that time very irregular and un? certain in the Silver State, the children did not receive his letters. "Well, I must go now," said the offi? cer, after a pause, "but I will call for yon to-morrow, and you'll ha7e to accompany me to the police office, for I must do my duty, you know. Good bye." And Le? na Dawson was left alone with her little brothers and sisters. She felt sad and lonesome after roe departure ot her kind benefactor, but the buoyancy of childhood soon gained the ascendancy, and before bed-time the orpans were as happy as any group of little children in Virginia City. Meantime, the report about the steal? ing of the bread and thc'de3titute condi? tion of the children got abroad. Jim Dawson, a miner himself, was well known and popular among the miners, and the case created such sympathy, and ?elicited so many reminiscences and commentar? ies that a crowd was af:..;lcd next day to the police court. Judge Moses presided. The judge bore the name of being upright and honest, kind and benovolent, and if fault he had at all, it was thought to be somewhat uncom? promising rigor in the discharge of his official duties. It was hard to say how the case would go. After the transaction of some preliminary business, the case was called. The baker swore to the steal? ing of the bread, and identified the de? fendant as the thief. The officer testified as to the famishing condition in which he found the children, but said not a syllable about what he had done to re? lieve them. Poor Lena stood trembling before the judge. Thereupon a miner rustled through the crowd and stood be? fore the bencb, eyeing the judge with a deprecating look. "I declare to the Almighty, jedge," said he, "I uever knowed the state of Jim Dawson's chil? dren, and if I did-" he dropped a twenty into Lena's trembling hand. "You jest knowed as much about it as other folks," exclaimed another miner, excitedly walkiug up and putting another twenty into the girl's hand with an in? dignant air that flung back any latent suspicion that he knew anything of the children's distress any more than any? body, else. Here Long Alec, a miner?so called on account of his height and size?slid timidly and bashfully up to Lena's side. "Leeny," he said in a half whisper, "hold yer pinafore," he slipped two twenties into her apron, and then slid back be? hind the crowd into a corner, and hold? ing his hat to his face, glanced timidly around, to see that he was completely out of sight. Theu came Wabbling Joe, who was far more bashful than even Long Alec, but put on a bold face, and laughed and talk? ed loud to make believe that he was not bashful at all. "Jedge,'-' said Wabbling Joe, laughing and nodding familiarly at the court to disarm that functionary of possible rigor in the trial of the case in hand?"jedge, let the girl slide. She ain't done nothing but what you or I would do if we was hungry!" And poor Lena was once more the recipient of another present. The court held down his head and smiled gravely at Wabbling Joe's defense of the accused ; but immediately recov? ering his gravity, said: "Gentlemen, I appreciate your liberal? ity and generous sympathy for the young offender, and I am particularly impressed with the ingenious defence made by my friend, Wabbling Joe"?hero a good natured laugh escaped the whole crowd, as if to put the judge in good humor? "but," continued his honor, "whatever might be the sympathy of the court for the sad condition of the accused, there is a public duty to be performed, and the case must therefore proceed." "What is your name, my little girl? asked the court. "They call me Lena Dawson, sir," was the reply. "Call you Lena Dawson! And I sup? pose Lena Dawson is your name, is it not?" observed the judge. "No, sir, it ain't," returned the girl. "My father died when I was only three years old, and my mother'got married to Mr. Dawson some time afterward. My proper name is Madeline Winters, but they call me Lena, for short." "Madeline Winters! Where were you born ?" asked the judge. "In Kansas City," was the reply. "In Kansas City!" echoed the court, in a voice of still deeper gravity than before. "And what was. you mother's maiden name, do you know ?" "Madeline Moses, sir," responded Le? na. "Madeline Moses! My God!?my God ! She was my sister!" And Judge Moses, overcome with emotion, bowed his head on the desk while a torrent of tears flowed down his face. Just as the crowd, in obedience to the dictates of delicacy, were emerging from the police court, to let uncle and neice indulge the sacred joy of mutual recog? nition, Jim Dawson appeared at the door having just returned from his prospec? ting tour in Eureka, and, with an innate sense of propriety that did honor to his acquaintances, who were rejoiced to see him, was quietly permitted to join his relatives inside.?San Francisco Argon? aut. Census Meditations.?South Caroli? na has long been a relatively decadent State. During the ten years ending with 1860, the increase in its population was only 5.25 per cent., while the gain for the.whole United States was 55* per cent. During the decade ending with 1870, the increase was strictly nominal, being only about one-quarter of one per cent., while the increnss for the Union was 22.63 per cent., the rate of progress having been seriously interfered with by the war. Within the last ten years, however, pop? ulation within this State has taken a bound that will be generally |regarded as surprising. From a total of 705 606 in 1870, the number ha? risen to 955.306 in 1880, an increase at the rate of 42.05 per cent., or con? siderably larger than the average rate for the whole country is likely to prove. Of^this increase, 101,404 has arisen in the white population, and 188, 421 in the colored, or, to state the facts in the percentages, the increase in the white has been 35 per cent, and in the colored 45.31 per cent. These figures are the more remarkable because South Carolina during much the better hal f of the last decade has been rep? resented a- in an intensely suffering con? dition, its land and property owners hal! bankrupted by excessive taxation, and it colored population driven Co other States to save themselves from starvation. It has also been freely represented that the negroes were subject to a political op? pression, which had driven large numbers to spek refuge outside the borders of the State. The fact, however, appears to be that during this period the class that might be expected to suffer most severly from these influences has increased its numbers by nearly one-half. During the decade ending with 1860, the white race in that State was increas? ing more rapidly than the colored, the gain in the former being 6.06 per cent., and in the latter 4.66., whereas, during the last ten years the comparison is re? versed, the colored having gained very considerably upon the white. It is impos? sible to evade the conclusion to be drawn from these facts as'to the effects of the abrogation of slavery. Instead of the colored race proving to be unable to take cars of themselves and decaying in the abscence of the supervision of white ownership, their emancipation ha3 been followed, by amazing development of fecundity and growth, suggestive of new reflections as to the possible destiny and importance of the negro race on this continet.?N. Y. Commercial Advcr tizer. Humbugged Again.?I saw so much said about the merits of Hop Bitters, and my wife, who was always doctoring and never well, teased me so, urgently to get her some, 1 concluded to be humbugged again; and I am glad I did. for in less than two months u?c of the Hitters my wife was cured and .-5110 has remained so for eighteen months since. I like such humbugging.? II. T., St. Paul.?Pioneer Press. A SCOUTS ADVENTURE. Tom Wood's Narrow Escape from Cap? ture. "Well, now, tell us, old friend, wben scouting insido of the enemy's lines, did anybody ever detect you a3 a Confederate spy?" "Never. But I was mighty near being caught up once, and the only way I es caped'wasby being mistook for my broth? er Jim," Here the smile on his face spread into a broad grin, and the old man chuckled as his mind went back to the serio-comical adventure. Tom Wood, or "Uncle Tom? my," as he was known in .General-Lee's camp, had never been with the army in Flanders, but he had learned their hab? its all the same and perhaps as wick? ed a hunter as ever shouldered a rifle. "But I'll tell you about how I liked to have been caught. It was late in Decem ber, aud it occurred to me that I would take my Christmas frolic by making a little scout out to my home in Randolph County. We were camped at the Warm Springs, and had nothing to do in camp and I felt lonesome like. As Christmas drew on I got to thinking about my old woman aud the children at home; they were away inside the lines of the enemy, and I thought that Christmas would be more-like Christmas to them if I could unexpectedly drop down among them. So I shouldered my old gun and away I went through Pocahontas and down into Randolph. I got along first-rate on my way out; saw no Federals; slipped around their pickets; saw my family, and after enjoying myself for a season started back. "Of course I kept out the way of all the settlements and stuck to the moun? tains I stopped at nobody's house unless I knew them to be true-blue Southerners. One night I came to the Greenbrier, and just as dark came on a heavy sleet set in. I was cold, tired aud hungry, and the on? ly house where I could find shelter was the house of old Billy Johnson, whom I knew to be the most ultra Union man in' all that region. I had no personal ac? quaintance with him, and didn't think that he had ever seen me, so I concluded to risk myself under his roof that night any way. It was my purpose to give him a fictitious name, for I felt pretty sure that if he discovered that I was Tom Wood, the rebel scout, I would not live to see daylight. Mustering up courage, and helped along by the wet and cold, I sought refuge under Johnson's roof, and was hospitably received. While sitting by the fire warming myself, Johnson kept looking into my face very earnestly, when all at once he arose from bis seat, ap? proved, and standing directly in front of me, says : 'Ain't your name Wood ?' "Here was a noser, and I thought I was caught. I knew that if he recog? nized me that it would do no good to lie about it, and so I owned up and said that was my name. 'Well,' said he, 'this is Brother Jimmy Wood, ain't it.?' This relieved me. You see, he mis? took me for Brother Jim, and seeing how it was I humored the mistake, though Jim is a blasted sight uglier man nor me. But I wasn't standing on looks then; the circumstances didn't admit of it. 'Well, really,' says he, 'Brother Wood, I am glad to see you. I ain' t seen you since the camp meeting on tbe hill, nigh on to twenty years ago.' And he took my band and shock it like be was glad to see me. But I could hardly keep from laughing in his face at being taken for a class leader. You see, Jim is a Methodist and a leader in the church, and so is 'Johnsen, and that's how be called me 'Brother Wood.' And then he sat down aud talked over old times and the camp-meeling in the hills, and as the old man wai< willing to do most of the talking, I was billing for him to do it. "1 got along very well until we sot np to supper, when Johnson called on me to say grace. I had done many a hard day's work; had been on many a long scout; have been in some mighty hot fights ; but I tell you honestly, boys, the hardest and hottest work I ever done was to get out that blessing in a genteel way. But this was no time for flinching, and I got through with it. Everything moved smoothly until bedtime came around. Brother Johnson put the Bible on tbe stand, snuffed the candle and asked me to lead in family worship. I had brokeu the ice by asking the blessing at the sup? per table, so I read a clnpter in the book, and kneeling down offered up the first prayer of my life. By jings, it was a good one. I didn't forget to pray for the restoration of the Union and the de? struction of its enemies. Maybe it was answered. I had a good night's rest, and when I left in the morning felt better than I ever did in my life. In fact, boys, I believe it does a man .good to pray a little once in a while, even if he is force to do it. I mean to do more of it hereafter. But that is the way I escaped, bv being mistook for my brother Jim." * And the grin broadened again on the old scout's face, and the chuckle sounded louder and deeper as he mused on his ad? venture.?Philadelphia Times. ' "Let Us All Hang Together." The future is by no means so dark and hopeless as many seem to think. It is only necessary for the solid South to pur? sue a pacific course and hang together with greater tenacity than ever, and her redemption from Radical rule is certain at no distant day. Who can tell what political changes will be brought during the uext four years? Thesingleque?tion of the tariff'is more than likely to prove a most distracting element of division be? tween the agriculturists of the West and the intolerant protectionists of the East. But this issue will make no impression upon the united South. Here, the advo? cates of high protective tariff arc a mere handful in number, and likely to contin? ue so for many years. Financial ques? tions, also, may prove disturbing agen? cies, to say nothing of railroad complica? tions and the commercial rivalries between the two sections. If, through ail these agitations, the South remains true to itself and as solid as ever, who can reasonably Joubt that she will hold the balance of power and regain her pres? tige and rights in the Union ? Again, if the Democratic ascendancy in the Senate (as is most probable) should be continued, the gratifying fact remains that Garfield's election will be powerless to do us harm. That conservative body will effectually block the chariot wheels of Radical progress. On the whole, therefore, though smarting under defeat and greatly disappointed at the results of the Ir.ie general elections, our people should not despond, but, thankful for tho blessings of local government, hopefully reman in their lots and await with pa? tience the issues of coming events.? Macon Telegraph and Messenger. ? Secretary Evan's believes that the Republican victory was due to the Solid South and the tariff. He appreciates the advantage accruing to the Republicans by the nomination of Mr. Grace. He anticipates quiet, peaceful times. The bitterness of the campaign, he says, will be forgotten in a month and good nature will prevail. [almost a million'. L?j 5.Thc Official ;Cfiisus of South Carolina. The following official statement of the population of South Carolina has just been published by the Census Bureau. The county with the largest population is, of course, Charleston, with 10L,S25 inhabitants, and Edgefield is next, with 45,846. Pickcns has the smallest popu? lation, 14,391,'and Horryjthe next-small? est, 15,574. Outside of Charleston the largest white population is in Spartan burg, 26,370. The smallest.white popu? lation is in Beaufort, only 2,438 to 27,752 colored. The largest colored population outside of Charleston is in Edgefield, 29,825 to 16,921 whites. Edgefield, Barn well, Colleton and Horry have each a few more males~lhan females, all .the rest have a feminine majority. The greatest disparity between the sexes is in Charles? ton, where the (emitting majority mounts up to 4,521. The statistics published do not enable us to state in which race this disparity chiefly exists. The folHwing are the official, figures : TOTAL POPULATION. Stale and Counties. Total. Male. Female. The State.995,300 490,327 504,979 Abbeville. 40,822 20.0G3 20,759 Aiken. 28,122 13.8G0 14,202 Anderson. 33,013 16,587 17,026 Barn well. 39,858 19,910 19,918 Beaufort. 30,190 14.G03 15,587 Charleston.102.825 49,152 53,073 Chester. 24,153 11,850 12,303 Chesterfield. 10,345 8,008 8,337 Clarendon. 19,190 9.G0O 9,590 Colleton. 30,390 18,273 18,117 Darlington . 34,485 17,127 17,358 Edgefield. 45,840 23,022 22,824 Fairficld. 27,700 13,715 14,051 Georgetown. 19,013 9,496 10,117 Greenville. 37,494 18,513 18,981 Hampton. 18,767 9,443 9,324 Horry..15,574 7,804 7,770 Kerskaw. 21,533 10,650 10,888 Lancaster. 10,903 8,417 8,436 Lauren3 . 29,444 14,602 14,842 Lexington. 18,590 9,120 9,404 Marion. 34,107 10,793 17,314 Marlboro'. 20.598 10,214 10,384 New berry. 26,497 13,031 13,436 Oconee. 1G.25G 7,879 8,377 Orangcburg. 40,995 20,389 20,000 Pickens. 14,391 7,149 7,242 Richland. 23,585 13,848 14,737 Spartanburg. 40,408 19,781 20,627 Sumter. 37,037 18,339 18.G98 Union. 24,081 11,872 12,209 Williamsburg. 24,110 11 930 12,174 York. 30,713 15,215 15,498 NATIVITY, Slate and Co's. Native. Ibreign. White. Colored* The State.937,004 7,642 391,071 604,235 Abbeville. 40,099 123 13,180 27,030 Aikcn. 27,910 200 12,944 15,178 Anderson. 33,452 101 18,700 14,847 Barnwell. 39,754 104 13,848 26,010 Beaufort. 29.9S6 204 2,438 27,752 Charleston. 93,542 4,283 30,935 71,890 Chester. 24,019 134 7,638 J6,515 Chesterfield. 16,307 38 9,499 6,846 Clarendon. 19,164 20 6,282 12,908 Colleton. 36,314 76 12,149 24,241 Darlington. 34,363 122 12,927 21,558 Edgefield. 45,771 75 10,021 29,825 Fairficld. 27,622 144 6,885 20,881 Georgetown. 19,565 48 3.401 10.152 Greenville'. 37.289 205 22.983 14,511 Hampton. 18,743 24 6,288 12,479 Horry. 15,564 10 10,639 4,935 Kershaw. 21,465 73 7,892 13,646 Lancaster. 10,885 18 7,937 8,900 Laurcns. 29,305 79 11,778 17,000 Lexington. .18,553 37 11,114 7.47G Marion. 34,042 05 15,879 18,228 Marlboro'. 20,580 18 8,026 12,572 Newberry. 20,383 114 8,235 18,202 Oconee. 1G.049 207 11,955 4,301 Orangeburg. 40,800 135 12J94 28,201 Tickens. 14,308 23 10,079 3,712 Eichland. 28,170 409 9.1S9 19,396' Spartanburg.... 40,244 164 20,370 14,038 Sumter. 36,926 111 9,973 27,064 Union. 24,025 'm5G 10,525 13,550 Williamsburg.. 24,000 50 7,800 10,310 York. 30.G13 100 14,030 10,077 'Including, in Abbeville County, 2 In? dians; in Aiken County, 6 Indians; in Beaufort County, 1 Indian; in Charleston County, 9 Chinese and 1 Indian ; in Chester County, 1 Indian ; in Colleton County, 19 Indians; in Georgetown County, 1 Indian; in Greenville County, 2 Indians ; in Hamp? ton County, 2 Indians; in Lancaster Coun? ty, 11 Indians; in Lexington County, 1 In? dian ; in Marlboro' County, 1 Indian; in Spartanburg County, 2 Indians ; in Union County, 3 Indians ; in York County, GO In? dians. Horatio Seymour on National Prosper? ity. Ex-Governor Seymour, of New York, in a recent conversation on political top? ics, expressed himself as being anxious to dispel the illusion that national prosper? ity was due to the acts of any party or administration, and not to the indus? tries of the whole people. Any such be? lief, he held, was not only untrue in bus? iness, but false in morals. If it were true we ought to look to government alone and not to labor and intelligence for the rewards of business. But the argument was false, aud wuch more familiar in des? potisms like that of Russia than in coun? tries like ours. Wo sell more than we buy ; we are growing rich, not because of things done or left undone in Wash? ington, but because our labors have yield? ed more than we need to consume. Our previous distresses came from the false notion that men could get rich by schemes and speculation in place of hon? est industry. But the panic exploded these; we have learned economy and wisdom, and thus prosperity was brought back. Before the Presidential canvass began there was no thoughtof attributing this to the effect of political measures. Industry had revived and the activity of one branch of trade helped another from the slough. The farmers and their crops restored the railroads, the increasing re? ceipts of these in turn revived the stock markets, and our foreign exports gave the people with which to buy the prod? ucts of manufactories. As the ex Governor said: "The money paid to our farmers for grain and provisions has been expended by them for merchandise, for the improvement of their buildings or other objects necessary to their comfort, or in facilities for cultivating their land.. The cost of these has been paid out to other classes and has giveu activity to mechanical and manufacturing pursuits." Here is a complete circie of mutual helpful industries, in which politics plays no unrts at all, and in which the prime factor in promoting the revival of prosperity, agri? culture, is just the one which has least concern for or interest in the mainten? ance of special legislation,} of veryjhigh and prohibitive tariffs especially, creat? ing taxation beyond the necessities either of wholsomc production or of revenues. ? The oldest house in the United States is supposed to be at Pembroke, Mass. In 1622 Mr. Peleg Barker's ancestors built .1 fort of stone and mortar as a defense against the Indians, and it has been used as a dining-room foryears. The main building is only ten years younger. ? President Hayes was asked by a re? porter of the Washington Post what im? pressions of Washington life ho would carry away. Ho replied : "In the main, very pleasant. The first two years were hard, as hard, perhaps, as any year of Lincoln's administration. I have said this frequently before, and I still think so. The last two years have been as easy aud pleasant as perhaps any President has enjoyed. In my case the sunshine has followed the storm and clouds." HON. BEN HILL. Whttl Uc ThlnfcH of the Lato Election. Washington, November 10. Tlie New York Tribune, to-day, con I tains a private letter from Senator Hill, ! of Georgia, to Hon. J. B. Cbittenden, of j Brooklyn, furnished by the latter for [ publication, with Senator Hill's consent. ' The following are the most significant j ports of the letter: "Well, my friend, the most anxious event in our history has become a fact? J a solid North against a solid South. No j language can express to you the view I I take of this event for evil. It can have no logic, if continued, but disruption into several monarchies or absolute consolida? tion of all States into one empire. In either event our constitutional system will fail. In my opinion the time has come when the great question for real States? men to consider is how to speedily break up this sectional solidity and organize parties altogether on other issues. The Democratic party is hated at the North and, therefore, it ought to be disbanded. The Republican party is hated at the South and, therefore, it ought to be dis bauded. Whether this hatred is just or not, makes no difference. I would be glad to see a great National Union party organized, for I believe that the Govern? ment formed by the Constitution is a Nation; true, it is a limited Nation, but within the powers delegated to it by the Constitution, it is as much a Nation as any on the globe. I really like Garfield. I sincerely hope he will have a success? ful administration. He has ability for a crisis. He must feel keenly the fact that he is elected solely by Northern votes. But he has a great opportunity, and he can, if he will, easily and consistently destroy all sectional animosity and so? lidities, and be chosen for a second term by a majority of the States, North and South. This opportunity is far greater than the office itself, and, if utilized, will givo the fame which the office could not give him and which no previous Presi? dent attained. But will he do it? I greatly hope he will, and I greatly fear he will not. I see a movement to make an issue on the result in New York, with a view to defeat Garfield in the count by Congress. There would be great danger of this but for one fact, and that one fact is the South will not countenance it. The poor, divided and abused South, if neces? sary, will once more save the country from a revolution, and, as before, will get no credit for it. The Republican par? ty will take the Presidency peaceably, because the South wills it, and at the next election the leaders of that party will tell the people from every stump and pulpit in the North that the South must not be trusted. Nevertheless, we shall avert all revolutions?not to win Republican praise, or to avoid Republi? can abuse, for either is impossible; but solely because it is right, and we are de? termined to preserve the peace of the country. How long human nature can bear this I do not know. It is injustice unparalleled, and wrong that ought to cover the North with blushes." Duration of Eternity. Various illustrations have been sug? gested to convey to the mind some idea of illimitable duration. It has been said, suppose that oue drop of ocean should be dried up every thousand years, how long would it be ere the last drop would disappear and the ocean's bed be left dry and rusty? Far onward as that would be in the coming ages, eternity would but have just commenced. It has been 8aid,8uppose this vast globe upon which we tread were composed of particles of the finest sand, and that one particle should disappear at the termination of each million of years, oh how inconciev ably immense would bo the period which must elapse before the last particle would be gone I And yet, eternity would be in its morning twilight. It has been said, suppose some little insect, so small as to be imperceptible to the bare eye. were to carry this world by its tiny mo'uthfuls to the most distant star in the heavens. Hundreds of millions of ycais would be required for the single journey. The in? sect commences on the leaf of a tree and takes its little load, so small that even the microscope cannot discover that it is gone, and sets out on an almost endless journey/ After millions and millions of years have rolled away it arrives back for its second load. Oh, what interminable ages would elapse before the tree would be removed! When would the forest be gone? Aud the globe? Even then, eternity would but have commenced. Riot in Charleston County.?A special dispatch to the News aud Courier, dated Summerville, November 10, says: "Information of a serious riot, which ocenrred at Cooper's Stcre precinct, Charleston County, a few days after tbe election, has just been received here. Isaac Finkly, a colored Democrat, was brought here late this evening by an armed guard of fifteen white men and delivered up to Trial Justice R. W. Perry. His statement is that on the morning after the election ou returning home he found his house occupied by an armed band of colored Republicans and was immediately attacked. In the fight which ensued he shot down one Hamp Williams and made good his escape. Since the occurrence his house has been besieged, obliging him to take to the woods to elude pursuit. Every possible avenue of escape was closely guarded, and when rescued by a party of white men yesterday he was found in a state of absolute physical exhaustion. His state? ment has been verified by the accompa? nying guard, who say that the outrage has thrown their neighborhood into a state of violent excitement. Fifteen warrants have been issued, and the par? ties will be probably brought to justice." ? Mr. Love was married the other day at Ithaca, N. Y., at the age of eighty three. It was an old Love affair. ? No display of strength was made by the Greenbackcrs in Charleston County at the late election. Major Blair, the candidate for Governor, received just 22 votes, out of 11,499. ? Matthews, of Mowryville, Iowa, rises early every morning, and rings a big bell at 5 o'clock to awaken hi3 workmen. Pinney, who lives close by, likes to sleep late, and he begged Matthews in vain not to sound the bell. He never goes to bed until 12 o'clock, and now at midnight he fires a cannon to disturb tbe slumber of Matthews. Between the midnight gun and the 5 o'clock bell, the inhabitants of Mowryville curse both Pinney and Mat? thews. ? Blessed is the man who knows enough to keep his mouth shut. Some people live sixty years without learning the art. Indeed, the older they grow, the wider their mouths open. A man or woman who is a gabbler at forty-five is a dreadful afliction to a house, or church, or a community. There are two things this age needs to learn?when to say nothing, and when it says anything to say it well. "If any man among you seem to be religious, and bridleth not his tongue, this man's religion is in vain."? Murray. 'Rights of JudgpsLand?Editors. No more important case, affecting the freedom of the press, than that of Judge Patterson against'.Steinman and Hensel, lias ever heen decided, not only in this Commonwealth, but in the country. The decision is favorable to free and un? shackled journalism, in a larger sense than *has ever been admitted/by our jurists; coming from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, being enunciated by so learned a lawyer and so eminent a Judge as Chief Justice Sharswood, will give, it weight and force for many generations to come. The defendants in this gieat test case are Andrew Jackson Stcinman and Wil? liam U. Henscl, publishers and editors of the Lancaster (Pa.) Daily Intelligencer, and both of them lawyers, members of the Lau caster bar. TheofTencelconsistcd in unfavorably criticising the Associate Law Judge of the Common Pleas and Quarlcj Sessions of Lancaster County. The Judge had acquitted onc^ Michael Snyder, an active local politician of Lan? caster, of an alleged violation of the liquor laws. After the case had been de? cided the Intelligencer commented upon it, saying that the acquittal was procured "by a prostitution of the machinery of justice to serve the exigencies of the Re? publican party ; as all the parties impli? cated, as well as the Judges, belong to that party, the Court is unanimous, for once, that it need take no cognizance of the imposition practiced upon it, and the disgrace attaching to it." For the publication of this stricture Judge Patterson summoned the two editor-lawyers before him to answer for contempt of court, and show cause why they should not be disbarred?that is, stricken from the roll of practicing at? torneys?for misbehavior as lawyers, and unfaithfulness to the Court of which they were sworn officers. To this Messrs. Steinman and Hensel made answer, that Judge Patterson's proceeding was irregu? lar; that there should have been a sworn complaint, as 21 foundation for the pro? ceedings; that they had not been guilty of any contempt; that they could not be held responsible as lawyers and officers of the Court for acts which were clone as publishers and editors of a newspaper; that as citizens they would meet a charge of libel, leaving their guilt or innocence to be decided by due course of law; and that they were ready to stand trial in the capacity in which the alleged offence had been committed, that of editors and pub? lishers of a newspaper. Judge Patterson overruled these pleas and disbarred Messrs. Steinman and Hensel. Under an Act of Assembly, passed in 1879, they appealed to the Supreme Court of Penn? sylvania, and a decision in the case was given by Chief Justice Sharswood, at Pittsburg, on Monday, October 4. His Honor took broad ground against the arbitrary action of Judge Patterson. He not only restored Messrs. Steinman and Hensel to their places at the bar of Lan? caster, but he used such unmistakable language as the following: lo say that an attorney can only actor speak on this subject (cases befort a Court) under liability to be called to ac? count aud to be deprived of his profession and means of livelihood, by the very Judge or Judges whom he may consider it his duty to attack or expose, is a posi? tion too monstrous to be entertained for a moment under our present system. Justice Sharswood also holds that, even if attorneys are convicted by a jury of libeling a Judge, the disbarring of him would still remain an open question. There arc technicalities in this masterly and equitable decision; it goes to the heart of the facts of a case that is a sam? ple of many, in which Judges of Courts, where newspapers were concerned, arro? gated to themselves dictatorial powers, disregarding all forms of law in what they were pleased to call the vindication of the Bench. Judges are fallible, just as other mortals are; just as liable to err; just as prone to be governed by par tizan zeal. If a Judge is wronged by a newspaper he has his remedy at law, just as other citizens have; he should receive no less, he should ask no more; nod he is not likely to do the latter in the face of the decision of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in Stcinman and Hensel vs. Patterson. ? Sufficient returns have been received to show that the Constitutional amend? ment prohibiting the manufacture and sale of liquors in Kansas has been adopt? ed by at least 20,000 majority. The friends of temperance made special efforts in favor of the amendment on election day, that being the principal question in most localities. In all the cities, and many small towns, the ladies election? eered for the cause of temperance, and had tempting lunches spread in the vicinity of the polls, which voters par? took of freely, the only consideration being a promise to vote for the amend? ment. The opponents of the measure made no effort to defeat it, and will con? tent themselves with devising means to evade its operation and surmount it with such legislative enactments as will render it of no effect. The amendment will go into effect when the vote is canvassed aud published by authority of the State Board, and in the opinion of many law? yers this will abrogate all licenses hereto? fore granted by auy municipal law. It also virtually repeals the present dram? shop act of the State relating to the granting of licenses. The other provis? ions of the act'prohibiting penalties for sale without authority of law remain in full force and effect. It is not known how the Legislature-elect stands on the questions growing out of the amendment, and a strong fight will be made by the two factions. ? The suicide of Robert Low, at West Albany, Minn., was the upshot of a long struggle between good and bad nature in the man. He was from his boyhood of a peculiarly morose and vindictive dispo? sition. As a man, he quarrelled and fought with his neighbors, was cruel to dumb animals, and became an object of genercl aversion. The community was astonished when Mrs. Gray, an amiable and pious widow, consented to become hi-, wife. She was strongly advised against the step; but she was certain that Low loved her sincerely, and believed that she could reform him. For awhile after the marriage he was a different man, and it was thought that his wife's influence was powerful enough to keep him in good behavior. But at length he fell back into his old ways of violence. She parted from him, and began proceed? ings for divorce. He went to her resi? dence, and begged her to give him an? other trial. He protested that he wanted to bo a kind husband, and felt sure that he could conquer his temper. She re Eulsed him decisively. He had struck er and her son, and she considered him incorrigible. Thereupon he shot her through the heart, killed the sou and then himself. ? During one month this summer the Philadelphia Mint coined $600,000, and how they all go past us without our see? ing one of them is what astonishes us. ? Kissing "U the art preservation of all hearts." 1 TIic Statistics of Immigration* _ j The last report of the bureau of stalls j tics show that the tide of immigration, ] which ran very slack after the financial j revulsion of 1873, is again at flood. In 1873 there was 450,000 immi? grants, but in 1878 thenumber ! had fallen to 138,000. It is now estimated, however, that for the calendar year 1880 tho immigrants will reach a total of 500,000. This immigration is of a far superior character to that of avcr : age years in the past. Formerly a large i proportion of the immigrants went no I further than the Eastern commercial cit j ies, the population of which they swelled without the assurance of obtaining regu? lar and renumerative labor. During j this year, however, GO per cent, of the I immigrants start for predetermined des . tinalioiH in the West, whither a large j proportion of the remaining 40 per cent, very soon went. The immigration of j this year also includes a large percentage of skilled artists, comprising "the pick and flower of productive European la? bor." This is noted as being particularly the case with the present emigrants from Ireland, the tenant farmer classes expa? triating themselves in large numbers. The chief cause of this great increase of immigration and its improved quality is the larger opportunities men find in this country, our prosperous trade and indus? tries, the greater security of life and property, the greater freedom from gov? ernment restrictions and exactions, the more bountiful rewards of labor, the better chances to make a career aud im? prove one's condition in life. Europe's loss in this excess of emigration is large, and our gains are in proportion. These immigrants bring over much capital with them, all to contribute to swell the coun? try's stock. They not only bring cash, but household goods and credit. In 1856 the average money an immigrant bronght over was ?70. The average now is much greater than this. If we place it at $100 per head it will be seen that immigration adds $50,000,000 a year to our capital deducting from this, of course, the money advanced by residents in the United States to bring over their friends and relatives. This, however, is the least part of the value to-the country of the substantial immigration now com? ing. Their chief worth consists in their capacity to labor and their acquired industrial skill. The proportion of able bodied immigrants is very large. In 1879, of the immigrants who came over, 46 percent, were males between 16 and 40 years old, and 28 per cent, females over 14 years old. The London Econo? mist, writing on this subject, estimates that each actively employed male labor? er in this country adds $125 annually to its capital, besides maintaining himself. This, on the basis of 15 years average duration of active life in the males be? tween 15 and 40 would give the average value to the country of 46 per cent, of our immigrants at $1,875 each. The Econo? mist further nuts the value, as the pro? ducer of wealth, of each female at one fourth as much, and thus deduces, as the average value for each man, woman and child of our immigrants at about ?230 or $1.250. "Of course," it adds, "a de? duction should be made from this esti? mate for the scum of tbe immigrants, who instead of adding to the wealth of the country, detract from it. But on the other hand, a far greater sura must be added as the equivalent for the profit realized from the labor of the children begotten by the immigrants, and also for tbe fact that many of the skilled artisans arriving are able, by their spe? cial knowledge of manufacturing pro? cesses, to add greatly to the efficiency of the native labor. If however, in order to avoid anything like exaggeration, we place the average value as a capital cre? ating force of each immigrant at ?200, we get as the actual or potential addi? tion to the wealth of the country by such a body of immigration as that now taking place the enormous sum of ?100,000,000 per annum." These figures are not ex? aggerated from the Economist's stand? point. They are not exaggerated actual? ly, much less potentially, when we con? sider, as this paper scientifically remar's, how much England profited by tje French weavers who were expatriated by the revocation of the edict of Nantes. These refugees were, many of them, old and feeble. But the immigrants coming to the United States are full of life, strength, health and hope. It is the young and energetic who come by pre? ference. Few are absolutety destitute, and some bring much money. Our im? migration, as the Economist finally says, is an importation which we do not have to pay for, and which is all profit.?Bal? timore Sun. ? It is stated on most reliable author? ity that Gen. Hancock on Saturday ad? dressed a letter to Chairman Barnum in which he said that he had b< consulted by several committtee3 witii reference to a proposed revision of the vote cast on last Tuesday, with a view to contesting the election in New York State in his interest. lie had also seen the same course commended in certain Democratic newspapers. He wished to say that the movement did not meet his approval, as it appeared to be based upon improvable assertions and inadequate grounds, aud further, because the r ovement, so far as it concerned him personally, was open to the insuperable objection that, under no circumstances would he consent to be a technical President. ? It is proposed to establish near St. Louis a National Colored Home for poor and feeble old negroes of both sexes. This enterprise has grown out of a sym? pathetic recognition of the fact that emancipation left without homes and with very scanty opportunities to earn their living a large number of colored persons, many of whom are now old and feeble and without means of support. The association has been incorporated by the State of Missouri, and has secured about fifty acres of good land, with suit? able buildings, at a cost of $8,000, of which $1,000 has been pledged in Mis? souri, ou condition that the rest is ob? tained elsewhere. The object is ap? proved by many persons of national rep? utation. ? California has some very rich es? tates. In San Francisco Leland Stanford is assessed at $19,719,000, Chas. Crocker $19,1S7,000, Mark Hopkins' widow $17, 211,000, James C. Flood $10,600,000, J. W. Mackay $10.600,000, Senator Sharon $4,470,000, and James G. Fair $4,220,000. The Nevada Bank is assessed at $7,600, 000, and the Bank of California $6,900, 000. There arc a dozen or so of estates which range 'ictwecn two and three mill? ions each, i>"d twenty that are one mill? ion and ur yards. This accumulation of great wealth in a few hands, however, is attended with a corresponding great pov? erty among the laboring classes, and this is the secret of the discontent of the Cal? ifornia workingmen and the ill-regulated political notions they cherish. ? One of the steel works at Pittsburg. Pa., has just cast the largest anvil block ever made in this country. It is eleven feet high and eight by ten wide, and weighs 160 tons. It look seven hours to run the metal into the mold, and it will be four months before the metal is cool enough to move. i Our Sea Coast Defences. The annual report of the Chief of En? gineers of the United States army, in ad? dition to giving in detail the condition our various forts and batteries, supplies an elaborate argument in favor of immediate strengthening of our seacoast/lefences J The report contends that the opinion that I the navy is the true defence of the country j is no longer tenable. A fleet can only [ give our seaports security when it is su ! perior to any possible force which can be I brought against it. This is a position i which our navy does not occupy, and j probably never will. The true field of i operations for a'navy which is inferior to j the enemy's is on the open sea, and j against the commerce of that enemy. This fact has been recognized by Russia, which in every recent case when hostili? ties with England were threatened sent its cruisers aboard and to American ports, so as to save them from being blockaded. Had hostilities actually broken out the cruisers would have raided upon British commence just as the Confederate curisers did upon United States com? mence during the civil war. In case of a war with any foreigh power having a navy our ports)are in^danger, not only of blockade, but of destruction. Our sea coast defences are not in a conditiou so as to give us any protection. Our policy towards foreign /powers is characterized by its pacific tendency, its impartiality and justice. We have persistently in [ sulated ourselves, but, as this report justly says: "Neither our geographical posi? tion, nor our forbearance, nor the equity of our policy, can always avail tis^under the relation in which it is our destiny to stand to the rest of the world." Colli? sions cannoCal ways be avoided, and must sometimes be invited for self-defence. "It is certain," this report says, "that in our present condition injuries to our citi? zens aboard and insults to our flag could not be represented with that vigor and promptitude demanded' by the dignity and honor of the nation, and justified by a knowledge that our fine harbors, important navy yards, rich commercial cities and depots for military and naval stores were guarded by impregnable fort? ifications and obstructions." To be pre? pared for war will often prevent it, and in this view of the case such prepa? rations wisely made are not costly. Our seacoast is very extensive and offers many temptations to an en? emy in view of the abscence of these preparations and imperfect char? acter of our defences. As the report notices, any declaration of war would in? stantly be followed by the descent of armed vessels upon our coast, and adds: 'Thirty-six hours steaming could bring them from Halifax, six hours could bring them from Havana and ninety-six hours from Victoria, Van? couver's Island, could bring them in front of san Francisco, the navy-yard at Mare Island and the arsenal at Benicia. There might be very little time for pre? paration to meet the assaults of the fast running, sea-going, armored ships, ships, clad with six to twenty-four inches of iron armor, carrying rifled guns from nine inches to seventeen inches bore, which are more powful than any gun we have in our service. No army would be of service against any such fleet. In case of a war, either Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy or Spain could attack us successfully with their fleets, destroy our naval stations, burn our shipping and levy contributions upon our chief cities. We have no artillery of the calibre necessary for effective harbor defence, our largest cannon being 8-inch rifles, carrying 180-pound shot. In Eu? rope seacoast defences are mounted with 12-inch and 17-inch rifles, the latter of which guns weigh 105 tons and carry shot of 2,000 pounds weight, fired with 470 pounds of powder. To mount such guns, even if we had them, much time and labor are required. Immense para? pets and traverses of earth and.sand need to be built, and special mechanical ap? pliances have to be constructed for handling them. All these are reasons why we should profit by the present time of peace, prosperity and plenty to put our seacost defences in order and pro? tect our large cities against the contingen? cy of war. ? Au upstart?A mushroom. ? The grub makes the butterfly when the grup is hot biscuit. ? Philadelphia has a mendicant who beg3 in seven languages. ? The young man of the period is one whose career has come to a full stop. ? Ten thousand Chinamen are prevar iug to go to the Louisiana sugar fip'js. ? Aud now a physician says tLatlong walks before breakfast bring on dyspep? sia. ? How to turn people's Heads?come to a concert late in a pair of squeaking boots. ?: ? The Prince of Wales' life is insured for ?200,000. His annual premium on this sum is S4,000. ? Senator Chaffee has presented his son-in-law, Ulysses S. Grant, Jr., $400, 000 in Government bonds. ? There is romance *in figures. A young man met a girl, ler, married her, and took her on a wedding 2er. ? Gen. Garfield, President-elect, was chief of staff to Gen. Rosecrans, just elected a Representative in Congress from California. ? John Torrence found the body of his newly buried wife in the dissecting room-of the Kansas City, Mo., Medical College the other day, and one of the faculty kindly explained that they did not usually lake the bodies of those hav? ing friends or relatives in the city. ? A St. Louis family named Boogher claim Baltimore property worth $50,000, 000. and are going to law to get hold of it. The Booghers are descendants of William Richardson, one of Penu's com? panions, who formerly owned 750 acres where Baltimore has been built, and, as the 90-years' lease of the property has expired, they propose to get hold of their own. ? Mary Pyatt rejected John K. Ar? nold's ?fters of marriage for a long time, at Kimbcrly, Pa., but he was persistent, and at length she consented. There was a great wedding, and the couple went off on a tour. After a week the bride re turned~to her home, declaring that she had no recollection of anything between her last refusal of Arnold and her awakening to find, to her great surprise and displeasure, that she was his wife. She insists that she was out of her mind during the interval, and declines to even see her husband. ? A miner had a wonderful ride in a tin pan in Colorado. Being at the top of a mountain, and desiring to get to the bottom of the valley, he knew that a tedious and circuitous walk of fifteen miles was necessary by the ordinary route, while the distance straight down the snow-covered incline was only three. He had such a pan as miners use in washing out gold. Squatting down in this, away he went, faster and faster until the solder of the vehicle was melted by friction, and he was almost insensible from lack of breath. But the trip was quickly over, without any mishap, and 'ho nassenger now declares that he en? joyed it