University of South Carolina Libraries
- t 1 BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 9 I860. _VOLUME XVI.-NO. 9. THE NEW BIBLE. Changes, Omissions and .Alterations In the >.*.?. Scrip tores. A correspondent of the Chicago limes, from London, under date of July 21, says: .... The Queen's priuter,.who alone by an? cient Btatuto law is permitted I to publish Bibles within the realm, has put his sig? nature upon the last proof sheet of the new revision of the New Testament, and within a week the first shipment of the bound volumes will be made to wherever the English tongue is spoken by Protest* ants. For many reasons the new revis? ion is an epoch in Frotestism and a red letter day in all Chistian churches the world over. Its advent, looked forward to for over a decade, and the hope of thousands of Christian minds will be a subject of absorbing interest. ' The revision is catholic in its. nature; cathedral in its form. It is the joint work of the new and old worlds ,* of all branches of the Protestant- Ohurch; of learning and piety joined hand in hand; priest and laymen, prelate and scholar, workingrtogether. The necessity for a revision of the present text has become . imperative?and for many years pre? viously there had been careful inquiry and discussion., in regard to the best means by which it ought to be brought about. The plan that has been slowly maturing under the advice of the most eminent minds iu this country and America was presented to the convoca? tion May 6, 1870. The plan met with prompt approval, and the: work now com? pleting was begun without delay. The scheme could never have had'any hope of success had it ..bach confined to the: Established Church, and it therefore con-' . tcmplated a union of learning and special. ij fitness for the labor that would embrace the whole world;, that would unite all English-speaking races and all denomi? nations that would produce a text to be ! accepted in all lands and among all peo? ple as an "authorized version" and licor? rect rendering of the original text so far as the Originaltext could be agreed upon ?by scholars. The English Committee appointed by the convocation comprised the venerable Archbishop French, of Dublin; the Bishops of- Lincoln, Winchester, St. David'?, Durham; Salisbury, Bath and Wells, Llandaff, Gloucester and Bristol, and St. Andrews; the Deans of West? minister, Ely, Litchfield, Rochester, Lin? coln, Canterbury and Peterborough; the . Archdeacons) of Dublin, Canterbury, Bedford and Mainstone; the Professors of Hebrew Greek, Arabic and special theological' branches- in the universities ; of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Lon? don, Glasgow and of the'Wesleyan Col? lege at Demb\?fy/;-the Baptist Colleges at London. and* Bristol, the Congrega? tional Colleges at Glasgow, and the Free Kirk*(Presbyterianl College at Glasgow, . Aberdeen and Edinburgh. To these were added eminent Laymen adapted to. the work. The American Committee was organ ?ized in 1871, chiefly from professors;in the leading theological seminaries of the different ^denominations; the divinity schools of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Naw Bruns wicks, Andover, Rochester, New. York, Philadelphia, Trenton, Hart? ford, Alexandria ana other cities furnish ~1ng their ablest scholars. ? Bishop Lee was the only Trans-Atlantic Episcopa? lian. ?_. In addition. to these committees, Tscheadorf, Kennen, Ewald and nearly a hundred other eminent Bible scholars of the" Continent (including several Cath? olic prelates) placed their special knowl? edge, their time,and their manuscript treasures at the dispounl of the commit? tee, and, as correspon Jing members, have rendered assistance of the very highest value: The principles of the revision were markedly conservativ 2. "As few altera? tions in the present text as faithfulness to the original would permit" was ;he first and great commandment; but it was understood that "faithfulness to tbe orig? inal" required a great many changes. No change was retained without a two thirds vote in each .committee. The "original text" was selected in the same manner from the oldest and best uncial manuscript. In America and here, following in p,arl. the plan of the King James translators, the committee divided, the Hebraists taking the Old Testament, the Hellenists the New Testament These did not sub? divide the work, however, and each mem* ber Of the New Testament Committee became responsible fbr the correctness of the entire work. Great as has been the . bulk of infor? mation disseminated concerning the Scriptures, some facts of the first impor? tance are little known. One of them is that there never has been a standard text. The editions printed by the Queen's printer for the Bible Society have widely varied, and since King' James's day there have been many unauthorized .and no authorized veroion strictly so-called. The American Bible Society is even in worse plight, and has of late years been adher? ing to a text of its own, while the other societies do not even adhere to one text. The present text of the English ver? sion is over three centuries old, and du? ring that time the Janjjnage has net aloDe taken-on many new words, but it has also dropped, many then in use, and found new meanings for old words' which" have lost theiroriginal . aigaifican.ee. Let .me instance, a few obsolete'-wprds: "Doves tabering on their breasts/' instead of drumming; "The lion filled his den with ' raving*instead of plunder;. "Nei ther.. is.j there any daysman," instead of umpire;; -f'Ouches,". for?- sockets; "clouts/* for patches; -'earing/*- forplbughi ng^bra-' it/' for report; "bowjed/? for^swayoiFjt! are other examples. ; The changes'' Im I signification, however, are much more important, and lead to error, contradic? tion, dispute. When we read that the daughter of Herodias said, 'Give me, by and oy, in a charger, the head of John the Baptist," it is natural to think that she was in in no great hurry. But three hundred years ago "by and by" meant instantly, immediately, forthwith, and a "charger" was not a "war horse." but what our housewives call a dish and yours a platter. :"Giva me instantly in a dish the bead of John the Baptist" is quite different from the old form. The "artillery" so often spoken of in the 1 Bible is not our artillery, but literally ] bow? and arrows, *Go to" then meant j come. J ' The correctness necessary to bring the English text into accord with the lan- j guage of to-day, many as they are, are Significant, however, when compared j with the errors of early translators. In I many cases, so weak were they in He- j brew, they were compelled to leave He- i brew words untranslated, not knowing or j being unable to guess their meaning. A familiar instance is the word Belial, j which is supposed to be a proper name, but it simply means unworthy, aod the ! phrase "sons of Belial" should properly \ read "unworthy men ;" "Jasher" is not ? a proper name, but an adjective, mean? ing upright, and the '"Book of Jasher" was the "Book of the Upright." The "Gammadims" (Ezek. xxvii, 11) are war-1 riors; "Pannag" (v. 17) means a candy; "Sheth" means a tumul; "Bajith" an idol temple. These wild "guesses" often show absurd blunders. The "mules" mentioned in Genesis as having been found were warm springs; "pledges" they turned into thick clay; "fleet" into both piercing and crooked; "curls" into | galleries; "leaders" into avenging; "os? triches" into owls; "goats" into satyrs ; "droves" into linen yarn ; "set up" they render as cast down, and Joseph's "tunic with sleeves" they transmogrify into a j "coat of many colors." Still more important, than either the | changes of the language or the blunders j of translators, have been the corrections j that have been made in the original text,' by the comparison of manuscripts gen? erally, and by the discovery of two very ancient manuscripts of the Bible in par? ticular. A single illustration of this will suffice: Mark says that on the cross the Christ was given wine mingled with myrrh; Matthew says vinegar. The nat? ural inference is that the writers did not disagree, and that the error arose in copying. By comparing manuscripts the inference is found to be correct, the older codices agreeing upon wine. The two words in the Greek are very much alike, of the same length, and differing only in the middle letter. The most violent of atheistical shoemakers, when shown the manuscripts, would not hesitate in bis acknowledgment that there was no con? tradiction, and that tbe cause of the error was to be found in the carelessness of some copyist of the Greek text of Matthew. Reverence -for the Bible, is mbdern It is, in fact, an outcome of the Eefor mation. The Greek and Epman Churches, respect the Bible; the Prbtest ant reveres?sometimes-worships it In old times copies were made with care, but not sufficient to avoid mistakes, and very few agreed.1 Very few agree now, except when printed from the same plates, and it is not safe to cast stones. The denun? ciation of those who "added to or took away" has always been confined to Scot? land. When the present translation was made there had been comparatively no com? parison of manuscripts for the elimina? tion of errors ; there were very few man? uscripts available; no very old manu? scripts were known; the innccarate Vul? gate (Latin translation) of that day was* the staff upon which the forty , leaped, and texts known to be corrupt had to be used for want of better. Tbe oldest copy of a manuscript that they consulted was of the middle ages. Within the present generation two copies of- the .Bible, made about [340 A. D., have been Drought to light, the pages photographed and copies distributed among scholars. . -These are tbe cele? brated "Cc-iez Sinaiticus," found by Tischendorf in a convent on Mount Sinai; and the "Codex Vaticanna," found in the Vatican library at Borne, where for centuries it had reposed unnoticed and uncared for. Those two alone have been of priceless value in detecting errors of transcription and in harmonizing dis? cordant passages . satisfactorily to the skeptical as well as the credulous seeker for truth. The present version of the Bible is based upon a very few modern manuscripts, not exceeding five in: num? ber. That now before us is made from careful comparison of over twelve hun? dred, ninety-eight being ancient?from tbe fourth to the tenth century: la ad? dition all the quotations by tbe patristic and early writers have been collected, and the early "translations into Syriac, Latin, Gothic, Egyptian, Celtic, Arabic and Slavonic. Three centuries ago tbe translators of King James* had few aids and little ma? terial for the work. Those of Victoria have the accumulated treasure of ten thousand able workers, and storehouses filled with material. Astonishment must be expressed that they have found so little of vital importance to Christianity condemu in tbe work of their prede? cessors?not that they have maae ten thousand trivial and one thousand im? portant changes in the New Testament. The translation of King James was more a new revision than tbe ordered translation; tbe revision of Victoria is more a new translation than the ordered revision. In each case the exigencies of the labor compelled a departure from and compromise with the instructions. In the latter case there is less -reason than the former, but after the first excite? ment dies away it will not be regretted. The new revision of the New Testa? ment issued from the University press will at first shock the Protestant world. It is not recognizable as a Bible, j The chapters and verses are gone; the run? ning head lines are gone; verses are missing, changed, pared; familiar texts that have become graven on the minds of church people for generations have disappeared, and in their place are words foreign to the eye aud strange to the ear. Verbal and grammatical changes may be counted by the tens of thousands. The first general idea that will strike the scholar, however, is the delightful faithfulness with which the Greek text has been reproduced for the English reader. The narrative is unbroken by disfigurement of chapter and verse, but tho capitals, punctuation and paragraphs lacking in the original are, of course, supplied, and, for convenience of refer fcuce to the present versiou, the present diversions are marked parenthetically. The misleading head lines disappear finally, without a sign to denote their improper intrusion. The effect is striking, and a marked improvement. The sequence of the gospel narratives, the logic of St. Paul, take on a new-appearance* and force that is not all owing to. the improvement in grammatical -construction :of the .'text, although- in a first reading it is difficult to dhithoguish Low much is owing to the one and how much to the other. Take this illustration (Heb. 6-7j) which is a fair example of this point: OLD STYLE. 6. Seeing there? fore it remainetb that some one must enter therein, and they to whom it was first preached en? tered not in because of unbelief: 7. Again, he lim itcth a certain day, saying to David. To-day, after so long a time, as it is said. To day, if ye will hear his voice hard? en not your hearts. NEW STYLE. Since, therefore, it remaineth that some enter therein, and they who formerly received the glad promise entered not in because of disobe? dience, he again fix eth a certain day, to? day, saying so long a time afterwards in David (as hath been said before.) To? day, if ye shall hear his voice harden not your hearts. Tbe fourth gospel suffers most at the hands of the revisers, the synoptics less even thau the Revelation, and tbe Cath? olic Epistles least of all. The longest excision is from the fifty-third verse of tho seventh chapter to the eleventh verse of the next, inclusive. The passage is that of the woman taken in adultery, as follows: 53. And every man went unto his own house CHAPTER VIII. Of (he Adulterous Woman. 1. Jesu* went unto the Mount of Ol? ives. 2. And early iu the morning he came again into the temple, and all the people came unto him; and he sat down and taught them. 8. And the scribes and Pharisees brought unto him a woman taken in adultery; and when they bad set her in the midst, 4. They say unto him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act. 5. Now Moses in the law commanded | us, that such should be stoned; but what sayest thou ? C. This they said, tempting him, that they might have to accuse him. But j Jesus stooped down, and with his finger ; wrote on the ground, as though he heard 1 them not. 7. So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself and said unto them, i He that is without sin among you, let ! him first cast a stone at her. 8. And again he stooped down and wrote on the ground. 9. And they which heard it, being con? victed by their oum conscience, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even unto the last; and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst. 10. When Jesus bad lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her, Woman, where are those, thine accusers? Hath no man condemned thee? 11. She said, No man, Lord. And Jesus said unto her, Neither do I con? demn thee; go, and sin no more. The following verse (12) in which Jesus declares 'himself the light of the world, is Joined upon and is a reply to the scoff ot the Pharisees in the preceding chapter, that otit of Gal flee ariseth no prophet. The next deletion of importance is the angelic coloring of the description of the pool of Betbesda, jn the fifth chapter, .f be following passage is omitted by the revisers: 3. * * * Waiting for the moving of iho water. '4. For an ange l went down at a certain season unto the pool, and troubled the water; whosoever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in, was made whole of whatsoever disease he had. The famous text of the three Heaven? ly Witnesses (1 John v, 7, 8,) is of course, '.brown out, the following words being expunged: 7. * * * In heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost; and these Three are one. 8. And there are three that bear wit Less in earth * * * Another notable omission of the re? visers is to be found in the conversion of Paul as recorded in Acts ix, 5-6. The words expunged are: 5. * * * It t?. hard for thee to kick against the pricks 6. And he trembling and astonished s.'.ud, Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? And the Lord said unto him, * * There are many other 'umiliar pass? ages that have disappeared: "Many be called but few chosen," from Matthew xxii, 14; "If any man has ears to hear, let him hear," from Mark vii, 16. Some of the happiest changes are of a single word, as "alive" for "quick." "They had swallowed us up alive" has a very different sense than "swallowed us up quick." Again, "He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet," be? comes mu^h more simple when rendered ; "He that has taken a bath needeth not; save to wash his feet." "Darkness over j all the earth," and "over all the land" ; (Palestine), are very different things. In every change the revisers lessen the j strain upon faith. Minor changes have been hinted at. It would take too long to sort out, arrange and classify them. Here are a few that come haphazard: "As we have ! forgiven," instead of "forgive" "our debtors." "The pinnacle of the temple," i instead of "a pinnacle" (there was but one). "The first fruits of them that are sleeping," instead of "slept." "If one j died for all, then were all dead," instead j of "then did ail die." Paul did not pray j the Lord to avenge him on Alexander, j He said: "The Lord 'will' reward him according to his works," not "the Lord \ reward him." "Supposing that godli-1 ness were gate." instead of "gain is god-1 liness." "The Word became (instead of j' was made) flesh."' "Born of a woman," instead of "made of woman." "For we ! saw his star," not "have seen" it. Such j changes as these are to be found in every j verse, and it will not require a very care* ful reading of either of the gospels to Bee j how many changes have been made that1 do not change the spirit, yet add to its j clearness and force as well as accuracy, j They Had to Stop.?On the train ; coming East over the Detroit, Lansing aid Northern road the other night were two well known politicians of this State, one a resident of Detroit and the other of i Grand Bapids. The seat behind them j was occupied by and ol lady with an j eye like a hawk and a nose as sharp as a j pointed stick, and she had her grandson in charge, a boy about two years old. The boy had fretted and worried for miles, and was feeling sleepy when the politicians dropped into the seat and be? gan mildly discussing the situation. The old lady kept an eye on them and patted the boy, and his eyes had just closed iu sleep when they began to warm. "Hancock!" exclaimed one, "why, he'll be so badly beaten out of sight that you'll never hear his name called again." "Nonsense!" retorted the other, "he'll not only be squarely elected, hut you can't lie him out of his office as you did Tilden." At this moment the old lady r.ave each a dig with her fist and hoarsely whisper? ed : "I want you both to shut up 1" "Hey? What'B the matter?" tbey queried in astonishment. "Matter enough. This young'un squalled, and kicked, aud bit, and howled for more than fifty miles before I could pet him quieted down, aud now I won't nave no jawing around here to wake him up?" "But, Madam, I must convince this Democrat that he is bound for the lunatic asylum." "And I must show this Republican that his arguments are but wind and con? ceit." "And I say I won't have it!" she ex? claimed, as she shook her fist between their noses. "I don't care nothing about Democrats or Republicans, or Unions, or Presidents, or republics, or anybody else. I've got thiB young 'un asleep after two hours' hard work, and the villian who wakes him up has got to look out for me and ft tough old umbrella all the rest of the way to Detroit, and my son in-law will lick him the minit the train gets in! Now jaw away if you dare!" The best they could do under the cir? cumstances was to go forward into the smoking car, leaving the old lady rocking to and fro and singing: "Little Bopecp has lost Ids sheep, And don't know where to find him." _ ?Free Press. Merit will tell; Buy the genuine arti? cle and do not expend your means on vile trash. Shrine:'s Indian Vermifuge i w guaranteed if taken according to the j directions. THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Commissioner Butler's Report of the Work of tlie Bureau. Columbia, Aug. 31,1880. Tho Board of Agriculture met in the office at 10 a. m. to-day with a full at? tendance. The Commissioner of Agri? culture was instructed to correspond with a mineralogist for the purpose of ascer? taining the cost of a laboratory of work, &c, and to report the result of his in? quiries. The Commissioner read a re? port showing the work of the Bureau up to this time, which may be summarized ns follows: First. The collection of such statistical information showing the resources and advantages of South Carolina, as will tend to induce immigration and attract capital. Second. The analyses of fertilizers, thus giving our farmers absolute protec? tion from spurious guano. Third. The analyses of phosphate rock, marls and mineral water, from various sections of the State. Fourth. Tbe prompt and accurate re? turns of phosphatic deposits lawfully mined, tbe prevention of unlawful miu ing, and the securing a prompt collection of the rovalty due the State. Fifth. 'The distribution of 1,130,000 shad, 15,000 land-lock salmon, 100,000 California salmon, and 3,500 California trout. Sixth. The building of ponds for breeding pond fish. Seventh. The publication of monthly reports giving the condition of the grow? ing crops, and illustrating matters of general interest and benefit to our far? mers, with such information as has been obtained in reference to our resources. Eighth. The registration of lands, with other matters of minor importance. The Commissioner was authorized to purchase an acre of land near Columbia to be used for the building of 6sb ponds for propagating carp and native varieties of lish, and was further authorized to construct an aquarium in the Depart? ment rooms of the State House. He was instructed to obtain full information in reference to all lands now owned by the State or individuals, suitable for settling immigrants, and report the same to tbe Governor in order that the Executive may make such recommendations in his aunual message to the Legislature in re? gard to immigration as he shall deem advisable. The Commissioner was requested to appoint, when the fertilizer seasons be? gins, one or more authorized agents of tbe Department to draw samples of guano from the various brands sold in the State, and to prevent any violations of the law which may be made by tbe dealers in guano. Chancellor Johnson, Col. Lipscomb and Col. Jeter were appointed a commit? tee to prepare such amendments to the Act creating the Department as will facilitate the work of tbe Bureau. The Commissioner put tbe Board in possession of all tbe information he bad obtained in reference to immigration, but uo action was taken in regard to tbe matter, as tbe act creating the Agricul? tural Department does not confer upon the Board the power of appointing an immigration agent. An amendment to tbe Act covering tbe wishes of the Board iu this respect will certainly be presented at the' next session of the Legislature. Iu the meantime the Commissioner is instructed to obtain such information as will facilitate tbe work when the amend? ment, as is confidently expected, will be made. After this business tbe Board ad? journed at 2.30 p. m. to meet at 7 p. m. At the appointed hour tho Board re? assembled, and the Commissioner was instructed to notify such County Auditors as had completed* returns for tbe Agri? cultural Department to forward them to tho Commissioner, and the Board at its next meeting would decide which returns were valuable, and such Auditors as had complied with the law would be com? pensated. The Board declined the proposition of the Agricultural College in reference to making tbe Commissioner the professor of practical agriculture of that institu? tion for several reasons, one of which was tnat his labors in managing the agricul? tural, the phosphatic and fish interests, together with the preparation of the hand-book, did not allow him sufficient time. Resolutions were unanimously adopted regretting the necessary removal of the chairman, Gov. Simpson, from bis duties iu connection with the Board, commend? ing him highly and tendering the kind? est wishes. Gov. Simpson responding made a short but finished speech, thanking the mem? bers warmly. He said that one of his chief regrets iu resigning the Executive chair was the severance of his relations with the Board. He had beard letters from immigration agents read to-day which had convinced him of the fact that South Carolina, possessing far supe? rior advantages to any Southern State, was probably the least known of any. The Board ho considered vastly more important than any yet established by the State, and he regretted leaving when its labors were approaching fruition. Concluding, be paid a hearty tribute to the unflaging and intelligent labors of Commissioner Butler. The Board then adjourned, subject to the call of the Chairman. Desperate Fight With Rats.-?A German named Grossman keeps a lager beer saloon in Franklin, Pa. Two of his sons were sent into the cellar a few days ago to get some Swiss cheese, which was stored in a vault formerly used by a brew? ery. An army of starving rats disputed their passage, and while the elder of the children fought the animals with a piece of iron, the other returned to the saloon and screamed for assistance, saying that his brother was in the vault surrounded by rat?. Mr. Grossman and two neigh? bors armed themselves with clubs and hastener' to the rescue of the boy. The Bight that met their eyes as they had en? tered the vault was one such as they had never before witnessed. The army of rats seemed to number thousands. Tho men joined in the contest, but so numerous and persistent were the rats that they were more than an hour in conquering them. Dead rats lay piled on every side, and their number was so reduced that their survivors were driven to their holes. Eight hundred and nineteen dead rats were carried from the vault. The car? cases filled a large two-horse wagon box, and were'a large load for a good team to draw away. Seed Potatoes.?The committee of the International Potato Exhibition de? clares that the practice of planting small refuse seed has contributed in a most material degree to the deteriora? tion of the potato, not only iu Ireland, but throughout Europe. Any seed tuber weighing less than one ounce and a half is unfit for planting, and it is to be preferred that tubers averaging from two to four ounces should be selected. Seed that has sprouted but little or not at all, is to be preferred to that which has made much growth in store. GOY. SIMPSON'S FAREWELL. Ho Iteilgni. His Office to take the Chief Justiceship. Columbia, September 1. At 8 o'clock to-night Governor Simp? son, Maj. Jeter, Attorney-General You mans, Judges Mclver and McGowan, of the Supreme Court, with several others, met in the Governor's office, and Gov? ernor Simpson filed the following in the office of the Secretary of State: State of South Carolina, ) Executive Chamber, [> Columbia, September 1, 1880. J Having been elected Chief Justice of ? the State of South Carolina, I hereby re? sign the office of Governor of the State of South Carolina. This resignation to take effect this day at 8 o'clock p. m. W. D. Simpson. To the Hon. R. M. Sims, Secretary of the State of South Carolina: Dear Sir?You will please file in the office of the Secretary of State this my resignation above. Respectfully, W. D. Simpson. After the filing of this paper the oath of office was administered to Governor Jeter by Judge Mclver, and the office was formally tu-ncd over to the new in? cumbent. Governor Jeter immediately issued hisproclamation announcing the event. The change occurred very quietly, and some time afterward was spent in con? versation. Governor Simpson, in retiring, fur? nished the following to the press: Columbia, September 1,1880. To the People of the State of South Car? olina : I have to-day resigned the office of Governor of the State of South Caro? lina for the purpose of qualifying as Chief Justice of the Supreme* Court. This act lifts from my shoulders the heavy responsibility which has r?:si?d upuu me for the past eighteen months as Chief Magistrate of the State, and in that point of view it brings relief, but at the same time it has suddenly sundered the relations which has existed between you, the people, and myself during this period. These relations havo been most Sleasant and agreeable to me, made so y your confidence, encouragement and support extended to me at all times in the discharge of my official duties, and when the time has come for their sever? ance they have been brokeu with more regret than I bad anticipated. For this your uniform kindness, permit me as my first act after resignation to acknowledge my heavy indebtedness to you and to tender the sincere thanks of a most grate? ful heart, and permit me to sny further that you may rest assured that amid the important duties incident to the high office of Chief Justice which I expect soon to assume, this past confidence on your part will not be forgotten. On the contrary it shall ever be remembered and shall nerve me to the utmost in the faithful discharge of those duties. In turning over the office of Governor to my successor, I am grati?ed to believe that the State is in a comparatively pros? perous condition, more so, I think, than at any time since the war, and with the promise of a still better and brighter future. Peace and good-will prevail generally, the rights of all are secure, the laws are faithfully, fairly and firmly administered, and the people iu every portion of the State, safe under the pro? tecting wing of a just State Government, are bending all their energies with great success towards individual progress and general recuperation. To this end every act and aim of mine has been directed, and no one rejoices more in this success than myself, and while I am not vain enough to believe and do not claim that my administration has been the cause of this happy state of things, yet I have a proud satisfaction in believing that it has thrown no obstacle in the pathway of the State's progress, and at least that the Republic has suffered no" detriment at my hands. The remainder of my term has now devolved under the law upon the Hon. T. B. Jeter, of Union, President of the j Senate, who will conduct it to a safe termination, at the same time reflecting great credit both upon the State and himself by that purity of character, ardency of patriotism and soundness of judgment which he possesses in such eminent degree. Now, invoking upon the people of the State, individually and collectively, the richest blessings of a benevolent Provi? dence, I beg to subscribe myself, very re? spectfully, your fellow-citizen, W. D. Simpson. Plain Talk from Governor Perry. To the Editor of The Daily News : The tone and temper of your article yesterday morning on "Primary Elec? tions" do equal credit to your heart and head, as well as your patriotism and De? mocracy. It is to be sincerely hoped that the Democratic party in every county in the State will adopt your advice and rally to a man, in fighting the common enemy of their country and civilization. The nomination of candidates is nothing more than the selection of standard bearers before marching into battle. Instead of letting their zeal subside after a primary election, they should be encouraged to renewed exertion. For the last four years we have had an honest government in South Carolina, and the State has been peacefully, pros? perous and happy; and it is passing strange that any white man of sense or principle, should now wish to restore to power that infamous black Republican party which for the eight long years dis? graced South Carolina, plundered her treasury and oppressed the citizens with grievous and intolerable taxation. Eve? ry true Democrat and every honorable man should rise up in the majesty of his strength and swear on the altar of his country and his God that this shall not be, let the consequences be what they may. The poor, miserable, unprincipled white man who tries to restore the Radi? cal party to power in South Carolina should be socially ostracised and not even spoken to on the streets. He should be treated as an enemy to his race, "hastis humani geneus." The colored man should be told that his leaders are making tools of him only to gratify their piiiable ambition and hare a chance of stealing his hard earnings. He should be told too, that if he will vote to place rogues and scoundrels in office and power, no honorable Democrat will employ him in any way. This should be.resolved on and adhered to throughout the State social ostracism for the white man and no employment for the colored man. There was never before a political party in South Carolina which had such in? stinctive attraction for mean men, un Erincipled men, poor miserable men am itious of honors and public notoriety. It is well known that if the Radical party are organizing their forces, and it be? hooves the Democratic party tobe united and fight manfully for their property and honor. He who does not and stays at home when the election comes on is a traitor to his party, his principles, and to his country. B. F. Perry. Sans Souci, August 28,1880. THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. Their Origin and Rise and Development In the United States. The ever-recurring fear that "the end of the world" and the day of judgment was at hand, was, in all probability, the ori? gin of Free Masonry. It happened that in tho year of our Lord 1,000 the wild lawlessness, rapine and bloodshed of the day was suddenly checked with the mil? lennial panic. The world was to come to an end that year. The doughty baron laid aside his brand and took to his pray? ers ; others did penance by fasting; others made long and dangerous pilgrimages to Palestiue, as expiation for their crimes. By these and similar extraordinary efforts it was believed that the wrath of God was temporarily averted. There followed this panic three or four centuries of religious fever, in which church building progress? ed, aud religious orders were instituted. Of purely religious form were the Augus tinian mouks, founded A. D. 1061; the Gilbertines, for men and women, in 1180; the Cistercians and Benedictines, and others which flourished, held vast posses? sions in real estate, built great monasteries abbeys and ministers, and were a power in the land up to the days of Harry the eighth, the much-married "Defender of the Faith." Of semi-monastic fraternities of Military organization there were two orders, viz: Knights of St. John, or Hospitalers?so styled because they built a hospital at Jerusalem for the benefit of pilgrims?and the Knights Templar, who derived that title from having an asylum first given them by King Baldwin near the supposed site of the Jewish tem? ple, in his own palace erected there. This was about the year 1118, and from it modern Templars date this year (A. D. 1880) being the A. O. 762of the Knights. From being crusaders, that is, soldiers devoted to tho redemption of the Sara? cens, the Knights Templar came back to Western Europe, whence they marched, having atttained naught else but glory. The doughty Saladin and his brave suc cesssors were equal to the Crusader kings, and the crescent drove out the cross and remain in possession to this day. In Eng? land, where they bad settled, the Templars had two centuries of great prosperity. They grew so wealthy and powerful that their Grand Master sat in Parliament, the peer of the highest Baron in the realm. The Temple in London, on the banks of the Thames, was a wonder of architectural beauty, and was the headquarters for England. Here they b; ' c a monu? ment, enduring to our own times, in the shape of the Temple Church, in which some of their tombs may yet be seen. Their wealth and power at last became the cause of their downfall. The Church had long regarded them with a greedy eye, and in 1312 Edward II of Englaud received a bull from Pope Clement V for their suppression. From 1307, when Grand Master Jacques de Molai was ar? rested in Paris, until 1313, when he perished at the stake outside the walls of that city, the Order in France passed through a terrible ordeal, and with the smoke from the Grand Master's funeral pyre the actual medieval Templarism closed forever. Coeval with the institution of military knighthood was that ol Free Masonry. It was an age of religious fraternities. Men banded together for mutual protec? tion against the aggressiveness of the feudal lords or the rapacity of the princes of the church. Necessary as they were to the nobility, the Masons, being trained and skilled in architecture, they soon felt their power and importance, and to maintian it effected organizations as a secret fraternity having three degrees. Into this brotherhood were admitted on? ly those who had devoted themselves to the science of architecture, more espe? cially church building. The three degrees of "Entered Apprentice," Fellow Craft" and "Master Mason" were not attained without due and fitting prepara? tion. Each step was proven, ana in days when diplomas were almost unknown, when few could read, and fewer could write, the catechisms of Masonry, the passwords and signs of rcconition, were absolutely necessary to distinguish the free and accepted Mason from the slave or hiring laborer. Near each ca? thedral in course of erection the brethren erected for themselves a home, where they lodged, where they met after the labors of the day, and which was the or? igin of the speculative Free Masonry of modern times. As the Masons increased in numbers and influence they cut themselves loose from the leading strings of the church, though they still were loyal, and from that time the Bishops and abbots of Cen? tral Europe, as well as the princes, look? ed with disfavor "on the brethren," and persecuted them. Tho "blessed" Refor? mation was not much of a blessing to them, as church building ceased, and men's minds became imbued with incon oclastic spirit which prompted them to destroy rather than to build. Still the Masons preserved their organization, and in April, A. D., 1459, held their first con? clave at Ratisbon, at which the arch? itect of the magnificent Cathedral of Strasburg was made Grand Master, and his lodge the Grand Lodge of the world. From the Continent Masonicism was taken to England and Scotland, where, finding congenial soil, it grew and flor ished for one hundred years, when it ceased to be practical, by the admission of persons not practical builders, and thus became the speculative Free Mason? ry of to-day. Of its rapid rise and development in the United States little need be said here. It has grown up with the country, receiving a severe set back iu 1S32, indeed, in the Morgan anti-Masonio war,? but speedily recuperated, and now number its mem? bership by thousands. Knights Templary originated with the Masons of Scottish Rite. In the language of an eminent writer, "it was introduced in the Masonic body after the establishment of the present symbolic system, the object being to complete and cement the moral code of Free Masonry with the pure teachings of Christianity, exemplified by the doctrines of the early Knightly fraternity of the j Templars." The first conclave was held in New York City in 1816. DeWit Clinton was elected Grand Masler, and there were eight bodies or encampments represented, with a membership of about 200 Sir Knights. From 1810 to 1829 there ; were four conlaves held in New York, at which Grand Master Clinton was re elec- i ted, asaUo at the fifth, wh'ch was held j in Baltimore in 1832. From 1835 to 1853, inclusive, seven conclaves were held. The thirteenth conclave was held ' at Hartford, Conn., September 9, 1856, at. which ninety-five corarnanderies were repor'ed and where the present constitu? tion was adopted. Tho fourteenth con? clave was opened at Chicago, September 13,1859, when the number of command eries was reported at 137, with a member? ship of 5,743. In the interval of twenty one years the order has increased tenfold, there being at the present lime nearly 50,-1 000 active members in the United Slates. I It is a remarkable fact, in these days of materialism and infidelity, that(an order j which claims to have for one of its prin ciple objects the support of the Christian j religion should have become the most j powerful secret society in the world.? i THE CAROLINA CENSUS. President Hajes Sees that its Accuracy Cannot he Very well Questioned. A short time ngo President Hayes was convinced, and it was so stated in these dispatches, that it would be necessary to have the census of South Carolina taken over again. Prominent Federal officials in the State represented to him that frauds of the most flagrant character had been openly perpetrated and the enu? merators had been misled. It is report? ed that just before his departure for Ohio he discussed the subject with Gen. Walker, superintendent of the census, who assured him if the usual tests ap? plied to verify the correctness of the cen? sus of population revealed the slightest suspicion of fraud he would promptly acquaint him of the fact wherever he might be. In the meantime Secretary Schurz, of whose department the census bureau is a branch, would have returned to Washington and he would be able to judge correctly of the demand for a re numeration. After Gen. Walker's visit to the Executive Mansion a Republican ex-member of Congress from South Caro? lina, who has the confidence of the Presi? dent, called to urge a new census in the State. The President frankly told him that he did not believe there was the slightest foundation now for the alleged frauds, and, taking the vote for President in South Carolina in 1876 as a basis of calculation, being three years and seven moths before the enumeration began, South Carolina ought to have in 1880 nearly, If not quite, a million inhab tnnts. The ex-congressman departed bewildered at the President's statement and it is said began to realize that there were too many corroborative facts sus? taining the accuracy or the census re? turns to be disputed at this late day. The total vote of South Carolina in 1876, was 182,776, of which Mr. Hayes received 91,870 and Mr. Tilden 90,906. The pro? portion of the voting population is one to every five inhabitants, an average that holds good throughout the country, and by which the population of any State can he correctly estimated when the full vote of that State is known to have been cast. According to this rule South Caro? lina at the close of the centennial, even assuming that every vote in the State was cast, must have had a population of 915,000, and since then the increase claimed in throe years and seven months is only 66,000. The Congressional vote that year, when three of the five members elected were Republicans, exceeded the Presidential vote, the aggregate being nearly 186,000, representing a population of 930,000. The Congressional vote of South Carolina polled in 1878, when not two-thirds of the Republican vote of previous years was cast, was nearly 175, 000. This view of the census seems to have escaped the notice of the critics, but not of the President, who, as above said, at one time thought it might be nec? essary for the credit of t!:e Census Bu? reau to have the State of South Carolina rccanva&jed, but who now plainly sees that the accuracy of the present returns cannot be very well questioned without charging that the Presidential vote of 1876 was manufactured for party purpo? ses, and that the suspicions would be stronger against the Republican than the Democratic party. Washington Special to the Baltimore Sun. There has been much in the way of foolish insinuations that the census enumerators were returning exaggerated totals of the population in certain sec? tions of the South. Of course it is pret? ty well understood among all people of intelligence that these insinuations are made for the furtherance of partisan purposes, and authorized investigation has invariably discovered that there was no ground for the sinister allegations. To the contrary there is good reason for the belief that owing to the vast extent of territory in the South, which is thinly settled and comparatively inaccessible, the returns of the population have in some cases been under the mark. The Demo? cratic State Committee of Florida have called the attention of the supervisor of that State to allegations, supported on good evidence, that the population of Marion County has been returned at nearly 5,000 less that it ought to have been. The supervisor ha* forwarded the documents to the census bureau, and he ha3 been instructed to make all proper inquiry. Josh Billings' Philosophy. No man kan be a suckcessful talker un? til he haz mastered the art ov listen iuf" Kontentmeut is not happiness; if it iz, who kan beat a Rockaway klam ? Out in the world, men often show us two sides to their karakter ; hi the fire? side, only one. An honest man iz a more div !;ultone to cheat than a cunning one; for the honest one haz got but one to watch, while the cuning one haz gotto keep oue eye on himself and one eye on the other phellow. Hope iz no flatterer; she cheats them all alike. The truly brave are allwuss humble. Hipokrasy. like kounterfit money, in sted ov impairing, enhances the value ov the real. Idleness iz becoming to a fattening pig in a pen, but in a man tbare iz hut one thing more disgrace full, and that iz dis? honesty. I dont kuo that civilization haz in kreased the virtews so mutch az it haz hid the vice. A man iz a phool who undertakes to go thru the world without the aid ov po? liteness ; i should as soon think of travel? ing naked, and expekt to be decent or kumfortable. Kredulity looks well enuffin butterfly, but the glory of a hornet lays in the in kredulity ov hiz stinger. Life iz made up allmost entirely ov little things, and it iz theze little things put together that make the big ones. When yu find a man who sez he iz tired ov life, and iz afrade to die, pure lazyness iz what's the matter ov him. A good maxim iz like a perfekt pin short, sharp, and decisive. Tharc iz nothing so eazy and natral az to advise others when they are in truhble, and bear their bordens like a martyr. The man who haz no kuriosity in hiz natur, mite az well hav no natur at all. ? The strong poiut the Republican papers of Connecticut have against Mr. English, the Democratic candidate for' governor, is that in a recent speech he said: "Friends are friends, and?and d?n the man who won't stand by his friends!" Bribery and election frauds are nothing in comparison with such awful profanity as this.? c\'ew York Siuu. ? Is it possible that a remedy made of such common simple plants as Hops, Buchu, Mandrake, Dandelion, &c, make so many and such marvelous and won? derful cures as Hop Bitters do ? It must be, for when old and young, rich and poor, pastor and doctor, lawyer and editor, all testify to having been cured by them, we must believe and doubt no longer. See other column.?Post. General News Summary. ? The railroad suspension bridge v* Niagara Falls has been changed from : wooden to an iron and steel structure. within the last four mouths, without ai hour's delay to the trains passing ovei it, and the new bridge is said to be th< strongest and the most durable in th( world. ? Misi, Parker of Grantville, Mass., a maideu with 850,000, became enamored of John Field, head waiter at an Ottawa hotel, and offered him her band and for? tune, which he accepted. Their happi? ness seemed complete, but he died a few days ago, and it is said that the unwonted case fretted him to death. ? The cotton produced in the South in the four years of carpet-bag rule ol 1866, 1867, 1868 and 1869 amounted to about four hundred million dollars. In the years 1876,1877,1878 and 1879, un? der Democratic rule, it amounted to over nine hundred and fifty-one million dollars, or absolutely twice as much. ? A committee from Kansas is now at St. Louis soliciting aid for the starving and destitute in the northern part of that State. The lowest estimate places the number of people who are suffering at 25,000 and the cause of the affliction is a drought, which with a visitation from the green .worm and chintz bug, has ruined wheat, corn and potato crops in a half dozen counties. Governor St. John has advised all the people in the drought visited district to leave Kansas, if possi? ble. ? New York Herald special: "There are indications that the Democrats have practically abandoned the contest in Maine, and this state of things is attested by the withdrawal of men and money from the canvass there for more effective use in Indiana. Democratic speakers returning from Maine say without quali? fication that the fusion movement was a failure, and they have no hope of success. The contest will be continued simply by local speakers. ? A close calculation, made upon the basis of a comparison of the census of of 1870 with that now being taken, shows the young men who have arrived at 21 years of age in the past four years, and who will consequently vote for tho first time in a Presidential elec? tion on November 2, will number just about 1,750,000, or seventeen per cent, of the total vote of the country. To this are to be added about 300,000 voters who have secured naturalization in the same interval of time. ? It is customary to mine coal so close? ly as to leave pillars of insufficient size and strength to support the earth which is left on top. The people of the plains, near A/ilkesbare, are greatly dis? tressed by the caving in of the earth beneath them from this cause. The fall goes on piece-meal with a succession of petty earthquakes. These wreck bouses and barns, and produce general alarm among the residents, who cannot tell at what moment any house may be tipped over and demolished. ? Immigrants continue to arrive at New York in large numbers almost daily, and the increase of this kind of travel has been such that the Hamburg-Araeri ?can Packet Company have put fine extra steamers on their line. It is stated that most of the immigrants now arriving have friends in the West, who during the spring and summer sent them the pas? sage tickets on which they now come. The most of them go direct to Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and Wisconsin to work on farms or in shops. ? The first and second volumes of the official records of the late war, the publica? tion of which Was authorized by Con? gress at its last session, have been com? pleted under the direction of Col. Scott of the war department and arc now in the hands of the public printer. Con? gress ordered ten thousand copies of this work and also authorized its sale to the publ'c. These two volumes will soon be issued and copies can be bad from A. S. Childs, chief clerk of the goverument printing office, at $1 per volume. ? Judson Kilpatrick's capacious and active mouth has given out a new story of Garfield. "I once saw him," said Judson, "I once saw him in the house with his head bent on his arm weeping. His mother bent over him and asked, "Whatis the matter, James?" He re? plied, "I am poor. I wear poor clothes, and the boys laugh at me." That moth? er replied, "Put them outside the door to night, and I will mend them for you, to that no one will recognize them as the same suit. When you get to be Presi? dent yon can repay me!'" Judson for? gets to add that it was on this memora? ble occasion the embryonic statesman originated the expression, "Let it go as a loan." It never will be paid. ? The Northwestern Luvibcrman men? tions an experiment which may have important results for lumber and grist millers. Sawdust and bran were compress? ed at little cost into a space which will much reduce the cost of their transporta? tion. Into a block of compressed saw? dust an eight-penny nail was driven so firmly that it broke in the attempt to draw it. Yet the block was easily fria? ble. Three pecks of bran were com? pressed into a roll six inches long by six inches diameter, capable of enduring much handling, yet easily broken up by the fingers. The process will probably bring sawdust largely into use for bed? ding horses, and will reduce the cost of bran to consumers distant from the mills. ? The London World made the start? ling discovery that kleptomania was common in fashionable society, and that thefts of jewelry, furs and wraps were frequent in the ball rooms and cloak rooms of the West End. Instances were given, name and places being suppressed. Truth followed in the same strain, and told how a light-fingered lady of title stole a sable cloak from a ducal mansion ; also how another lady of title lost a dia? mond necklace. It was said these con? veyances of property could not have been inadvertent, seeing that expensive over? coats, costly lace shawls and other prop? erty were invariably replaced by shabby articles. In several cases the thieves were caught in the act, but, protesting error, were permitted to go on restoring the plunder. ? The cotton season is now nearly on us, and we think we do our farmers a favor by publishing the following as the rule adopted by the New York Cotton Exchange in regard to putting up cotton bales. Fvery farmer can see where he will save a few cents on the bale. The rule adopted is this: "The usual side pieces are not to be considered unnecessary bagging. Side-pieces should each con? sist of no more than a single half width of bagging running tho whole length of the bale, nor shall three full widths of bagging be considered unnecessary, pro? vided they only run the length of tho bale, the heads being protected by head pieces of a single thickness of cloth; but three full widths of bagging lapping each other at the heads shall subject the bale to a deduction of two pounds. Unnecessary bagging shall be understood to mcau all bagging not absolutely essential to cover and protect tbe contents of the bale in a proper manner."