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BT E. B. MURRAT & CO. VOLUME XVI.?NO. 2. PROGRESS OF THE STATE. The Resources and Prospects of South Car? olina?A Review of Per Fortunes and Mis? fortunes Since the "War, and of the Causes have that Helped Her Restoration. &, W. Dawsatt in Frank Leslie's Newspaper. To appreciate what bas been accom tisbed since 1865, and to understand oiv well grounded are tbe present an? ticipations of continued progress and in? creasing prosperity, it is necessary to de? scribe briefly the losses tbe State has sus? tained and the gigar tic difficulties which have been already overcome. The value of the real and personal property in South Carolina in I860, according to tbe United States census, was $607,818,288. In 1869, only nine years later, the entire value of the real and personal property, as assessed for taxation by the State Government, was $168,484,653. At this time gold was at thirty premium, so that the gold value of the entire taxable property of South Carolina was less than $130,000,000. The loss in nine years in actual money value reached, therefore, the enormous sum of $477,818,283. In this is included, of course, the loss by the emancipation of the slaves; but there was a deprecia? tion of over $120,000,000 in the value of real estate alone. The banks were in solvent; the railroads were worn out; little remained save the land and such outbuildings as bad escaped tbe torch of invading armies. It is doubtful that the extent of their disaster was realized by the people of the State. The negroes were still here, and excluding the value of their incre? ment as property from the account, it was evidently cheaper to hire negroes than to own them. In hiring free negroes the whole expense -is for wages and food. There are no women or chil? dren or aged persons te support. There are no doctors/ bills to pay. If the la bore-; dies there is no loss of capital on the part of his employer. These things, no doubt, encouraged the people to re? sume their agricultural operations, with no other change than was involved in having freedmet] instead of slaves to work their crops. Tbe high price of cotton was a great temptation. They who had sold their cotton satisfactorily five or six years before in slave times at six or seven center a pound, saw no difficulty in quickly realizing a fortune wbe,n the staple was selling at thirty and forty cents. Tbe mistake was in not taking into account the difference in the efficiency of the labor, the disturb? ances caused by political agitation, the inflated price of provisions, the high rate of interest and the onerous commissions and expenses charged by those who made advances to planters. Year by year, with occasional fluctua? tion)*, cotton steadily fell in price, and tbe result of tbe agricultural operations of the six or seven years from 1866 to 1873 was widespread failure and embar? rassment both for the farmers and plan? ters, and for those who had provided cap? ital for them. It should be noted that the difficulties of the agricultural as well as the mercan. tile classes were aggravated by the intol? erance and extravagance of the State gov? ernment. For the ten years prior to 1860 the amual expense of conducting the State Government was $400,000. In the year 1872 the Legislative expenses and the salaries of State officers alone amounted to over $800,000, and in 1873 the cost of the public prin ting was $331, 090. Otherwise stated, the expen? ditures for salaries, public asylums and sundries, were $261,000 in 1865, the hist year of the old State Government, and in 1872 amounted to $1,356,000. Five years of Republican rule cost South Carolina o er$22.000,000, includiug taxes araouut ing to $8,825,000. It is not strange, there? fore, that the number of delinquents was enormous, In the years 1872 and 1874 no less than .848,657 acres of land, equal to 1,326 square miles, were sold by, or forfeited to, tbe State on account of un? paid Ui.es. This, too, was in only twenty-two of the thirty-two counties in the State. One acre in every nineteen acres of land in the State was in these two year? confiscated under the guise of taxation! ? The State could go no lower. The peo? ple in 1874 touched bottom. Tbey had learned by experience that they must keep within their means; that they must pay attention to making their own provi? sions; that they must diversify their crops and redouble their efforts to raise live stock. The rule had been to raise cotton to the practical exclusion of everything else. Inexorable necessity bad now taught tbe people that their maxim must be to "make bread and meat first and cot? ton last." They were encouraged, like? wise, by a decided improvement in the teudet.-ies of the State Government, and were inspired with' new hope by tbe prom? ise of reiorm under the administration of Governor Chamberlain. Additional help was given t hem by tbe circumstance that the decline-in the price of provisions far exceeded the decline in the price of cot? ton. In January, 1868, middling cotton was quoted in Charleston at 15 cents; corn ^1.20 a bushel; flour, (N. and W. super) $11 per barrel; Western rib sides 13\ aud 14 cents a pound. In January, 1874, cotton was still quoted at 15 cents, while corn had fallen to 96 cents, flour to $6.50 a barrel and bacon to 9 cents a pound. From 1874 to 1876 the State at least held its own, and the result of the State election in the fall of the last named year gave a fresh start to industry. It gave the people as well the assurance of just and equal government as of security for person and property. There was likewise an instant decrease in taxation. Com? paring tbe expenses of the State govern? ment as met by taxation for the years 1876-7 and 1877-8 with the four previous years under Republican rule, it is calcu? lated that thxj saving to the people amoun? ted to nearly one million and a half dol? lars a year, as tbe first result of the election of a Democratic State govern? ment. Iodeed, in 1877-8 the whole ex S?ense of the State government in every ?rauch?exclusive of the iuterest on the public debt and the appropriation for public school?was $343,723, which is less than the average annual expense un d'-r the same head from 1850 to the break? ing outol the war. It was shown also by reports of the judges and the State solici? tors that in the years 1877 and 1878 there were only two cases of crime com? mitted by white persons against colored peritons. The records of every couuty allowed that crimes had decreased both in number and degree. Punishment swiftly and surely followed every offence. The pardooing power was no longer a shield to the criminal classes. Justice still was bliu 1, but Mercy saw extenua? ting circumstances, which gave an oppor? tunity forajudiciousdisplay of Executive clemency. In 1877 and 1878, of eighty one persons who were pardoned by Gov? ernor Hampton sixty-two were colored persons. From 1876 to the present time lands in the State have slowly but steadily im? proved in value. The people as a whole are better off than at any previous time trince 1865. They are generally out of debt. They know how to work success? fully under the new condition, and they have learned how to take advantage of new opportunities. Two examples will illustrate the progress which has been made. 1. There are in South Carolina seven? teen cotton factories with 95,938 spindles and 1,933 looms. They produce 101,338 yards of cloth and 17,438 pounds of yarn for each workinjg day, and consume for each such day 54,394 pounds of cotton. They employ 2,612 operatives, who sup? port 8,143 persons. The capital employ? ed amounts to $2,293,600. The profits^ range from 18 to 50 per cent, on the cap? ital invested. For those who believe in the economic principle of "bringing the mills to the cotton," there are opportunities in South Carolina that cannot be surpass? ed in any other State of the union. The water-power in the middle and upper counties of the State is immense?enough to turn the spindles of all the cotton mills in the United States. At Trotter's Shoals, on theSavaunah River, Abbeville county, there are twenty-one miles of water-power, with only a single ancient grist and saw-mill! At Mountain Shoals, on Eunoree River, Spartanburg county, there isa fall in the riverof 125 feet in the distance of one mile. At this point there is only one grist and flouring mill. All .through the State there is abundant water-power, with available sites for the establishment of cotton manufactories, offering an open field to the enterprise and capacity of the world. 2. The Sea Islands of South Carolina, which appeared to be ruined beyond re? demption, are so improved by the new system of subsoil drainage and heavy ma? nuring that lands on the islands range in value from $40 to $200 an acre. On James Island, near Charleston, last year one planter realized a net profit of $100 an acre, after expending $80 an acre for fertilizers, labor and ginning. This will give an idea of what has been done, and is at the same time a happy omen of the future. South Carolina abounds in timber. There is an almost inexhaustible supply of pine, hickory, walnut, maple, cedar, poplar and other woods, valuable for use and ornament. The forests abound in game. Fish are found in all the streams of the interior, and are brought in regu? lar supply from the rivers and banks near the sea. Pisciculture is receiving system? atic attention, and young salmon, shad and other fish are being distributed by the commissioner of agriculture. The climate corresponds with that of the south of France and Italy, and even in the low country perfect health may be enjoyed with proper care for personal cleanliness and regular living. The climate, too, is strikingly uniform, being neither so hot nor so cold as in the North and West. Cotton is grown in every part of the State up to the very slopes of the mountains on the borders of the State. The yield ranges from 200 to 400 pounds of ginned or commercial cotton an acre. South Carolina rice is the finest known in com? merce, and its culture is exceedingly profitable. The prairies of the Gieat West do not give a larger yield of corn than can be obtained in South Carolina. Over 100 bushels of corn to the acre have frequently been raised, and as much as 200 bushels have been made. The aver? age is 25 bushels of corn per acre, 15 bushels of wheat, 20 bushels of oats or rye, and 40 bushels of barley. Scientific farming is largely increasing the average crop. For instance, it has been established that on the light, sandy lands of the lower part of the State, which sell for four or five dollars an acre, there can be made from 40 to 60 bushels of oats to the acre, from 20 to 30 bushels of wheat or two crops of fine hay. This is effected by fertilizing with the cow-pea and a mixture of phosphate of lime and calcined marl. The cost does not exceed $15 an acre, and the average net profit will run from $10 to $16. It is easy to see that there is no need to "go .Vest" when so large and sure returns can be made in a State like South Carolina, where the markets are within easy reach, and the newcomer enjoys advantages which can? not be had in a newly-settled State. Besides cotton and rice, the usual pro? duction are tobacco, sorghum, hemp, flax, indigo, hops and all kinds of small grain and peas. The grape grows luxuriantly, and excellent wine is made in Darlington, Aiken and other counties. Fruits of ev? ery kind reach a high state of perfection. On the coast near Charleston the culti? vation of the strawberry js an important branch of trade, as well as the growth of potatoes, peas, cucumbers, tomatoes, beans, asparagus and garden vegetables generally. The value of fruits and vege? tables raised around Charleston every year is about $500,000. Experiments show that the tea plant can begrown suc? cessfully, also the olive. In vegetables South Carolina can grow almost what? ever can be grown in any garden in the world. The mineral wealth of the State even now is not fully appreciated. Iron is found in Union, Spartanburg, Greenville and Pickens couuties. There is gold iu these same counties, and also in Abbe? ville, Lancaster and York. Several gold mines are in successful operatiou. Lead is found in Pickens county and copper in York, Spartanburg and Pickens. Be? sides these, South Caroliua has manga? nese, bismuth, plumbago, soapstone, coal, black lead an asbestos. There is also granite of the finest grain, as well as sandstone, burr-stone, flag-stone and ma? terials for pottery and porcelain clay. The discovery of the value of the phos pbatic rock or nodules as a fertilizer took place in 1866, and was of vast benefit to the low country directly and to the whole State indirectly. The total production so far i3 1,500,000 tons, worth $9,000,000. The accessible deposits cover 10,000 acres, estimated to contain 5,000,000 tons of rock, worth at about the present prices, $30, 000,000. The yield to the acre is at least 500 tons, making lands which werealmost worthless for agricultural purposes com? mand what would have been deemed a fabulous price. The rock is found in the beds of the rivers as well as on land, and the State Government has received as royalty on the rock mined in rivers and navigable streams over half a million dollars. The exports of phosphate rock amounted last year to 210,384 tons, and 40,000 tons of commercial fertilizers, with Carolina rock as the basis, were manufac? tured last ye,ar by the factories around Charleston. These factories have a cap? ital of between $000,000 and $800,000. The railroads, which were in a terribly dilapidated condition ten or twelve years ago are now in good order and projecting Western connections that will cheapen bread-stuffs and provisions, and pour new life through the arteries of the State. Foremost among the public works is the graud svstem of jetties in Charleston Harb or, undertaken by the National Government, and confidently expected by the Government engineers to increase the depth of water on the bar to twenty live or twenty-six feet, making Charleston the finest harbor on the South Atlantic cosist. Renewed attention is given to manu t .cttires since the profitable character of cotton spinning in the State has been generally known. Three or four large factories have been organized within the last two months, and Columbia, the capi? tal of the State, is now looking forward to the speedy commencement of opera tions by a Company of Northern capital? ists, who under a grant from the State, propose to put up factories with 26,212 spindles on tbe long neglected water power of the Columbia Canal. The public schools of Charleston will compare most favorably with similar institutions in the larger Northern cities, and afford thorough instruction in tbe lower and middle branches to nearly 7, 000 pupils. The Charleston College" fur? nishes the means of higher education. The last Legislature provided for the opening, in October, of the State Agri? cultural College, a branch of the State University. Claflin Uni7ersity, at Or? angeburg, is also a branch of this institu? tion, and is devoted exclusively to the education of the colored people. In ad? dition to these colleges there are a num? ber of denominational institutions in tbe State?Erskine College at Due West, Associate Reformed Presbyterian ; New berry College at Newberry, Lutheran ; Wofford College at Spartanburg, Metho? dist; Furman University at Greenville, Baptist; Adger College at Walhalla, Pesbyterian. There are also lemale colleges at Williamston, Greenville, Due West and Columbia. Military academies are in active operation ac Yorkville and Greenville. All of these schools are un? der the coutrol of able and experienced professors, and maintain a high standard of scholarship. The total attendance in the public schools of the State last year was 122,463?white 58,368, colored 64, 095. It would take more time than I can give, and more space than you can spare, to describe fully the valid and cogeut reasons for my unshaken faith iu the future of South Carolina. I have said enough, I trust, to show that the State has overcome difficulties which seemed to be insurmountable. That she has largely improved her position in every department of agriculture and manufac? tures, the corner-stone of the social and | industrial fabric, and that, with the assurance of just, equal and economical government and low taxation?with the public debt settled in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Court of the State; with the public school system j enlarged and improved, and an increase of 40 per cent, in the average attendance of the pupils; with the peaceful and con? tented disposition of the colored people and the white to command success? there is no thing to prevent South Car? olina from becoming apowerful and wealthy State; not growing up in a night like Jonah's gourd, but built up stone by stone and course by course, solid, massive and enduring. The Last Battle of the Revolution. Dr. Alexander Anderson, the father of wood engraving in this country, died in Jersey City, in 1870, a few weeks before his ninety-fifth birthday. He was born in New York two days after the skirmish at Lexington, and had vivid recollections of some of tbe closing cveuts of the Revolution in that city. From his lips j the writer heard many narratives of those stirring scenes. One of them was an : account of the last battle of the Revolu- j tion, of which young Andersou, then a boy between eight and nine years of age, ! was an eye-witness. Anderson's parents lived near the foot j of Murray street, not for from the Hud son River. There were very few houses j between them and Broadway. Opposite Anderson's dwelling was a boarding-1 house kept by a man named Day. His wife was a comely, strongly built woman about forty years of age, and possessed a brave heart. She was an ardent Whig, and, having courage equal to her convic- | tions, she never concealed her senti-1 ments. On the morning of the day (November j 25, 1783,) when the British troops were j to evacuate the city of New York, and leave America independent, Mrs. Day j unfurled her country's flag over her dwelling. The British claimed the right to hold possession of the city until noon that day. Cunningham, the notorious British provost-marshal, was informed of this impudent display of the "rebel banner" in the presence of. ritish troops, and sent a sergeant to order it to be taken down. Mrs. Day refused compliance. At about nine o'clock in tbe morning, while young Anderson was sitting on the porch of his father's house, and Mrs. Day was quietly sweeping in front of her own, he saw a burly, red-faced British officer iu full uniform, with a powdered wig, walking rapidly down the street. He halted before Mrs. Day, and roughly inquired: "Who hoisted that rebel flag?" "I raised that flag," coolly answered Mrs. Day, looking the angry officer full in the face. "Pull it down I" roared the Briton. "I shall not do it," firmly answered Mrs. Day. "You don't know who I am," angrily growled the officer. "Yes I do,-' answered the courageous woman. Cunningham (for it was lie) seized the halyards, and attempted to pull down the flag, when Mrs. Day flew at him with her broom, and beat him so severely over the j head that she knocked off his hat, and made the powder fly from his wig. "I saw it shine like a dim nimbus around his head in the morning sun," said An? derson. Cunningham was an Irishman, detested by everybody for his cruelty to American prisoners in his charge. Mrs. Day had often seen him. He stormed and swore and tugged iu vain at the halyards, for they had become entangled; and Mrs. Day applied the broomstick so vigorously that the blustering provost-marshal was compelled to beat a nasty retreat, leaviug tho American flag floating in the crisp November air over the well-defended Day castle. This was the last battle between the British and Americans in the old war for independence.?Benson J. Lotting. ? It isn't every orator who has the self-possession and tbe control over his audience that a military officer recently exhibited. A flag had been presented to the battalion in the presence of a large number of persons and with the ortho? dox speech. The officer, in the name of his comrades, received the standard, and was in the midst of his reply when there w88 a disturbance in the crowd, and the attention of the auditors was turned from the speaker entirely. Facing his command, he cried, "attention, battal? ion!" and in an instant attention was secured, and soldiers and citizens awaited further commands. Then the officer re? sumed his remarks, and held his hearers spell-bound to the end. A Fool once moke?For ten years my wife was confined to her bed with such a complication of ailments that no doctor could tell what was the matter or cure her, and I used up a small for? tune in humbug stuff. Six months ago I saw a U. S. flag with Hon Bitters on it, and I thought I would be a fool once more. I tried it, but my folly proved to be wisdom. Two bottles cured her, she is now as well and strong as any man's wife, and it costme only two dollars. Such folly pays.?H. W., Detroit, Mich.?Free Pre-os. THE DEMOCRATIC LEADERS. The Committee of the Cincinnati Conven? tion Wait on Gen. Hancock nod Mr. English on Governor's Island and Make Formal Tender of the Nominations for I President and Vlce-Presldeiit, -which are Informally Accepted. New York, July 13. Gen. Hancock's grandson, named after himself, died this morning from cholera infantum. This event has depressed the Geueral, and the committee's visit to ten? der the nominations was in consequence purely formal Mr. English reached Governor's Island at noon and was heartily greeted by Gen. Hancock on the veranda of his resi? dence. The committee left the New York Hotel in a body with the members of the National committee and other visitors. The party proceeded on board the steam? er Fletcher, and were landed at Gover? nor's Island at 1.40 p. m. The party went to Gen. Hancock's residence, and upon being ushered into the parlors Gen. Stockton, addressing Gen. Hancock, said: Gen. Hancock?I have the honor to introduce to you Governor Stephenson, chairman of the Democratic National Convention recently assembled at Cin? cinnati. I have also the honor of pre s?nting to you the committee appointed by that body to wait on you and notify you of your unauimous nomination for the highest office in the gift of the peo? ple. It is a source of g H satisfaction to the committee in ranging their an? nouncement to you to say that your nomination was not secured by solicita? tions of personal or political friends, but was the spontaneous action of that Con? vention, actuated by patriotic duty. One of the ablest and wisest bodies of our countrymen ever assembled has given you this nomination wi,h perfect unanim? ity. And, General, since that Conven? tion has adjourned we of that committee have been to our homes. We have seen our constituents, the Democratic masses and conservative people of this country, and with one accord they ratify the action of that Convention. So we are bound to believe, as we do, that your election will be an accomplished fact. We cannot doubt, and we believe, that when the election is over the great principles of American liberty will still be the inher? itance of this people, and shall be forev? er. And now in the name of the National Democratic party, by virtue of the power entrusted to this committee by the Con? vention, as its chairman I have the honor to hand to the secretary a com? munication in writing informiug you officially of your nomination. Gen. Stockton then handed to the secretary of the committee, Mr. Bell, an address signed by tbe committee, after which it was handed to Gen. Hancock. In reply the latter said": Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Committee : I appreciate the honor conferred upon me by the Democratic National Conven? tion lately assembled in Cincinnati, and I thank you for your courtesy in making that honor known to me. As soon as the importance of the matter permits I will prepare and send to you a formal acceptance of my nomination for tbe office of President of the Uuited States. Those present were introduced to Gen. Hancock, who had a few words of wel? come for each. After a few minutes spent in hand? shaking Gen. Stockton, turning to the Hon. Wm. H. English, said: "The Cin? cinnati Convention, with a unanimity unparalleled, appointed us as a com? mittee to wait upon you at such time and place as would be most agreeable to you and inform you in person and in writing of your nomination. I now have the honor to present you, on the part of the committee and in the name of the Na? tional Convention of the Democratic party, the official announcement of'your nomination." Mr. English in reply spoke as follows: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Committee: As a practical business man, not much accustomed to indirection of action or circarulocutiou of speech, I will say plainly and in a few words that I accept the high trust which you have tendered me with feelings of profound gratitude, and that I will at an early date formally, and in writing, make an acceptance, which, I am informed, i3 usual ou such occasions. In doing this I fully realize the great responsibility of the situation, tbe care, turmoil, anxiety, misrepresen? tation and abuse which are certain to follow, and I understand thoroughly that all the resources and power of our political foes from all parts of the land will be concentrated against us in Indi? ana, my native State, where the first grand battle is to be fought, and proba? bly the most important of all. But these are great occasions when the discharge of high patriotic duties is to be consid? ered above all personal considerations, and I shall not disregard the unanimous voice of the representatives of the ma jjority of the American people for whom you speak here to-day. [Applause.] I am profoundly grateful for the high honor which has been conferred, aud I have an abiding faith that with the favor j of God and the people we shall succeed j in this contest. | The speaker was applauded at the con- j elusion of his remarks, and then followed another general handshaking, after which the party again boarded the Fletcher and left the Island. The Official Letters of the Officers of tlio Convention. New York, July 13. The president and secretary of the Cincinnati Convention have forwarded the following letter to Gen. Haucock and Mr. English : the letter to gen. hancock. July 13, 1880. To Gen. W. &' Hancock?Sm: The Natbnal Convention of the Democratic party which assembled at Cincinnati on the 22d of last month unanimously nominated you as their candidate for President of the United States. We have been directed to inform you of your nomination to the exalted trust and request your acceptance. In accordance with the uniform cus? tom of the Democratic party the Con? vention have announced their views upon the important issues which are before the country in a series of resolu? tions to which we invite your attention. These resolutions embody the general principles upon which the Democratic party demand that the Government shall be conducted, and they also emphatical? ly condemn maladministration by the party in power, its crimes against the Constitution and especially against the right of the people to choose and install their President, which have wrought so much injury and dishonor to the coun? try. That which chiefly inspired your nomination was the fact that you had conspicuously recognized and exempli? fied the yearning of the American people for reconciliation and brotherhood under the shield of the Constitution with all its jealous care aud guarantees for the the rights of persons and States. Your nomination was not made alone because in the midst of arms you illus? trated the highest qualities of the sol? dier, but because when war had ended, and when in recognition of your courage and fidelity, you were placed in com? mand of a part of the Union undergoing the process of restoration, and while you were thus clothed with absolute power, you used it not to subvert, but to ec ? tain the civil laws, and the rights wbjc'i they were established to protect. Your fidelity to these principles, manifested in the important trusts heretofore confid-id to your care, gives proof that they will control your administration of the Na? tional Government, and assures the country that one indissoluble union of indestructible States, and the Constitu? tion with its wise distribution of power and regard for the boundaries of State and Federal authority, will not suffer in your hands: that you will maintain the subordination of the military to the civil power, and will accomplish the purification of the public service, and especially that the Govern? ment which we love will be free from the reproach or stain of sectional agitation or malice in any shape or form. Rejoicing in common with the masses of the American people upon this bright prospect for the future of our country, we wish also to express to you personal? ly our assurance of the esteem and con? fidence which has summoned you to this high duty, and will aid in its perfor? mance. Your fellow-citizens, John W. Stevenson, President of the Convention. Nicholas M. Bell, Secretary. the letter to mr. english. July 13,1880. To Hon. Win. H. English?Dear Sir : By direction of the Democratic National Convention which assembled at Cincin? nati on June 22J last, it becomes our pleasant duty to notify you that you were unanimously nominated by that body for the office of Vice-Presidentof the Uni? ted States. Your large experience in af? fairs of government, your able discharge of many trusts committed to your hands, your steadfast devotion to Democratic principles, and the uprightness of your private character) gave assurances to-the Democracy that you were worthy and well qualified to perform the duties of that high position, and commended you tr them for the nomination which they conferred, while your public services well merited this honor. Tbe action of the Convention was no doubt designed not only to vindicate the appreciation of of yourself, but as well to testify their profound respect for the Democracy of Indiana, your- native State, with whose manly struggles you have been so long identified and in whose glorious achieve? ments you have shared. The Convention set forth its views upon the leading political issues which are now before the people in a series of resolutions, a copy of which we have the honor to present to you, and to which your attention is re? spectfully requested. It is our earnest hope that these views may meet with your approbation, and that you will ac? cept the nomination which is now ten? dered you. With sentiments of high esteem we are, respectfully, John W. Stevenson. President of the Convention. Nicholas M. Bell, Secretary. A High Horse Indeed. There arrived in this city yesterday by way of the Hudson River Railway from Albany, and was conveyed directly to his quarters in Houston Street, what is be? lieved to be the largest horse that has ever fallen under the eye of an anatomist or jockey?a veritable equine monster? besides which animals of the ordinary height are as dwarfs. The animal was bred in Ohio, from our native draught stock, and certainly no region except one of the limestone bases could have developed such an enormous equine anatomy. His registered height is twenty hands and one inch, or eighty one inches, being a foot taller than an average man. His weight is stated to be 2,450 Sounds ; but all these points will proba ly be verified to-day by competent vet? erinary surgeons. As standing in the stable the color of the animal appears to be a uniform dark bay, without spot or blemish. It should not be judged that this height, although extraordinary, is not altogether unprecedented in horses. At the Centennial Exhibition in Phila? delphia, in 1876, a span of horses was placed on exhibition, each of which was eighteen bands and one inch high. The j animals were bred in Canada, and be? came the property of a Philadelphia j brewer when the Exhibition closed. A [ veterinary surgeon in this city formerly owned a horse that was nineteen hands and one inch high, a giant in anatomical structure, but he found it impossible to correct a certain tendency to emaciation, and the creature was useless for draught or road. The late Pope Pio Nono was the fortunate possessor of one of the largest horses iu Europe?an animal eighteen hands and one inch high, and the Hanoverian stables formerly con? tained another of nearly equal height. ! So far as can be judged, the Ohio raou ! ster is in perfect health and physical i condition, and may live to a good old ! age, notwithstanding his abnormal pro j portions. One of tin} famous European ! animals mentioned was living at thirty ? six years of age?a longevity not often i attained by horses. ! The mouster in Houston street is ac : companied by his owner, but it is under ! stood he has been secured by Barn urn at ] a price of $1,000, and will presently be ' placed on exhibition.?New York Times. i ? Children are great levelers. Did i you ever notice what a contempt they have for social rank. In their opinion the banker and blacksmith stand ou an equality. Often the blacksmith is the greater and better man in their eyes, and justly so too. They never look at clothes and rank, until over-careful parents in? struct them. By nature the little fellows are communists. Who has ever seen an aristocratic three year old? Fastidious parents and maiden sisters will fret and scold at their associations, but all tie time these little children are bringiug parents and sisters down to a level with their neighbors. The positive and neg? ative poles of society are brought in com? munication through tho medium of chil? dren. Married people without children are not in harmony with their kind. They stand alone, looking out on the world in a dazed sort of way, just like a Eerson, unacquainted with music, would e in the presence of a grand orchestra. If we are to have communism, let it be that brought about by children. ? Dr. Farrar, of Brooklyn, says that not less than half a ton of pure gold, worth half a million dollars, is annually packed into people's teeth in the United States, and at this rate all the gold in circulation will be buried in the earth in 300 years. ? In the London Zoological Society's collection there is a black-haired spider which can stretch itself to several inches iu length and eats mice. GEX. GARFIELD'S LETTER. He Accepts the Nomination and Recapit? ulates the Principles of the Republican Party. Mentor, Ohio, July 12. General Garfield has forwarded to Sen? ator Hoar, of Massachusetts, the follow? ing letter of acceptance of the nomina? tion tendered him by representatives of the National Convention : Mentor, Ohio, July 12. Dear Sir: On the evening of the 8tb June last, I had the honor to receive from you, in the presence of a committee of which you were Chairman, the official announcement that the Republican Na? tional Convention at Chicago had that day nominated me for their candidate for President of the United States. I accept the nomination with gratitude for the confidence it implies nnd with a deep sense of the responsibilities it imposes. I cordially endorse the principles set forth in the platform adopted by the Convention on nearly all the subjects of which it teaches. My opinions are on record among the published proceedings of Congress. I venture, however, to make special mention of some of the principal topics which are likely to be? come subjects of discussion without re? newing controversies which have been settled during the last twenty years, and with no purpose or wish to revive the passions of the late war. It should be said that while Republicans fully recog? nize that tbey will strenuously defend all the rights retained by the people, and all the rights reserved to the States, they reject the pernicious doctrine of State supremacy, which so long crippled the functions of the National government, and at one time brought tbe Union very near to destruction. Tbey insist that the United States is a nation with ample power of self-preservation ; that its con? stitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof are the supreme laws of the land ; that the right of the nation to determine the method by which its own Legislature shall be created cannot be surrendered without abrogating one of the funda? mental powers of the government; that the national laws relating to the election of representatives in Congress shall neither be violated or evaded ; that every elector shall be permitted freely and without intimidation to cast his lawful ballot at such election and have it hon? estly counted, and that the potency of his vote shall not be destroyed by the fraudulent vote of any other person. The best thoughts and energies of our people should be directed to those great questions of National well-being in which all have such common interest. Such efforts will soon restore perfect peace to those who were lately in arms agaiust each other, for justice and good? will will outlast passion, but it is certain that the wounds of the war cannot be completely healed and a spirit of brother? hood cannot fully perqade the whole country until every citizen, rich or poor, white or black, is secure in the free and equal enjoyment of every civil and po? litical right guaranteed by the Constitu? tion and the laws. Whenever the enjoy? ment of this is not secured, discontent will prevail, immigration will cease and social and industrial forces will continue to be disturbed by the migration of laborers and a consequent diminution of prosperity. The National government should exercise all its constitutional au? thority to put an end to these evils, for all the people and all the States are members of one body, and no member can suffer without injury to all. The most serious evils which now afflict the South arise from the fact that there is not such freedom and toleration of political opinion that the minority party can exercise an effective and whole? some restraint upon the party in power. Without such restraint the party rule becomes tyrannical and corrupt. Pros? perity, which is made possible in the South by its great advantage of soil and climate, will never be realized until every voter can freely and safely support any party he pleases. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither can be permanently main? tained. Its interests are entrusted to the States and the voluntary action of the people. Whatever help the nation can justly afford should be generously given to aid the Statc? in supporting common schools, but it would be unjust to our people and dangerous to our institutions to apply any portion of the revenues of the nation or of the States to the support of sectional schools. The separation of Church and State in everything relating to taxation should be absolute. On the subject of national finances, my views have" been so frequently aud fully expressed that little is needed in the way of additional statement. The public debt is now so well secured and the rate of annual interest has been so reduced by refunding, that a rigid econ? omy in the expenditures and a faithful application of our surplus revenues to the payment of the principal of the debt will gradually but certainly free the peo? ple from its burdens and close with honor the financial chapter of the war. At the same time, the government can provide for all its ordinary expenditures and dis? charge its sacred obligations to the sol? diers of the Union and to the widows aud orphans of those who fell in its de? fense. The resumption of specie payment*, which the Republican party so courage? ously and successfully accomplished, ba3 removed from the field of controversy many questions that long and seriously disturbed the credit of the government and the business of the country. Our paper currency is now as national as the flag, and resumption has not only made it everywhere equal to coin, but has brought into use our store of gold and silver. The circulating medium is more abundant than ever before, and we need only to maintain the equality of all our dollars to insure to labor and capital a measure of value, from the use of which no one can suffer loss. The great prosperity which the coun? try is now enjoying should not be endan? gered by any violent changes or doubtful financial experiments. lu reference to our customs laws a policy should be pursurd which will bring revenues to the treasury and will enable the labor and capital employed in our great industries to compete fairly in our own markets with labor and capital of foreign producers. We legislate for the people of the United States, not for the whole world, and it is our glory that the American laborer is more intelligent and better paid than his foreign com? petitor. Our country cannot be inde? pendent unless its people with their abundant natural resources possesses the requisite skill at any time to clothe, arm and equip themselves for war, and in time of peace to produce all the neces? sary implements of labor. It was tbe manifest intention of the founders of the government to provide for the common defense, not by standing armies alone, but by raising among the people a great? er army of artizans whose intelligence and skill should powerfully contribute to the safety and glory of the nation. Fortunately for the interests of com? merce there is no longer any formidable opposition to appropriations for the im provement of our harbors and great nav? igable rivers, provided the expenditures for that purpose are strictly limited to works of national importance. The Mis? sissippi River, with its great tributaries, is oi such vital importance to many mil? lions of people that the safety of its navigation requires exceptional consid? eration. In order to secure to the nation the control of its waters, President Jef? ferson negotiated the purchase of a vast territory, extending from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean. The wis? dom of Congress should be invoked to devise some plan by which that great river shall cease to be- the terror to those who dwell upon its banks, and by which its shipping may safely carry the indus? trial products of 25,000,000 of people. The interests of agriculture, which is the basis'of all our material prosperity, and in which seven-twelfths of our pop? ulation are engaged, as well as the inter? ests of manufactures and commerce, de? mand that facilities for cheap transpor? tation shall be increased by the use of all our great water courses. The material interests of this couutry, the traditions of its settlement and the sentiment of our people have led the government to offer the widest hospitali? ty to emigrants who seek our shores for new and happier homes, willing to share the burdens as well as the benefits of our society, and intending that their poster? ity shall become an undistingutshable part of our population. The recent movement of Chinese to our Pacific coast partakes but little of the qualities of such an emigration either in its purposes or its results. It is too much like importation to be welcomed without restriction ; too much like invasion to be looked upon without solicitude. We cannot consent to allow any form of ser? vile labor to be introduced among us under the guise of immigration. Recog? nizing the gravity of this subject the present administration, supported by Congress, has sent to China a commission of distinguished citizens for the purpose of securing such a modification of the existing treaty as will prevent evils like? ly to arise from the present situation. It is believed that their diplomatic negotia? tions will be successful without the loss of commercial intercourse betweeu the two powers which promises a great in? crease of reciprocal trade and an enlarge? ment of our markets. Should these efforts fail it will be the duty of Congress to mitigate the evils already felt and prevent their increase by such restric? tions as, without violence or injustice, place upon a sure foundation the peace of our communities and the freedom and dignity of labor. The appointment of citizens to the various executive and judicial offices of the government is, perhaps, the most dif? ficult of all the duties which the Consti? tution has imposed upon the Executive. The Convention wisely demands that Congress shall co-operate with the Ex? ecutive Department in placing civil ser? vice on a better basis. Experience has proved that with our frequent changes of administration no system of reform can be made effective and permanent without the aid of legislation. Appointments to the military and naval service are so regulated by law and custom as to leave but little ground of complaint. It may not be wwe to make similar regulations by law for civil ser? vice, but without invading the authority or necessary discretion of the Executive Congress should devise a method that will determine the tenure of office and greatly reduce the uncertainty which makes that service so uncertain and un? satisfactory. Without depriving any officer of his rights as a citizen the gov? ernment should require him to discharge all his official duties with intelligence, efficiency and faithfulness. To select wisely from our vast population tho?e who are best fitted for the many offices to be filled requires an acquaintance far beyond the range of any one man. The Executive should therefore seek and re? ceive information and assistance of those whose knowledge of the communities in which the duties are to be performed best qualifies them to aid in making the wisest choice. The doctrines announced by the Chi cngo Convention are not temporary de? vices of the party to attract votes and curry an election. They are the deliber? ate convictions resulting from a careful study of the spirit of our institutions, events of history and the best impulses of our people. In my judgment these principles should control legislation and the administration of the government. In any event they will guide my conduct until experience points out a better way. If elected it will be my purpose to en? force a strict obedience to the Constitu? tion and laws, and to promote jus best I may the interest and honor of the whole country, reiving for support upon the wisdom of Congress, the intelligence and patriotism of the people and the favor of God. With great respect, I am very truly yours, J. A. GARFIELD. To Hon. George F. Hoar, Chairman of the Committee. Hancock at Fort Harrison.?In the county of Putnam, in this State, lives now an old soldier who was a gal? lant member of Company K, Seven? teenth Tennessee Infantry, C. S. A. His name is Stewart. He relates a thrilling incident of the "late unpleasantness," in which he played a most conspicuous part on the one side, and General Hancock was on the other. At the taking of Fort Harrison in 18G4 Stewart was stationed at a point in or near the fort, from which he could distinctly witness the move? ments of the Federals, and especially the actions of General Hancock, who was gallantly leading his men to victory. His large figure could be plainly seen as he rode up and down the line giving orders to his men, as he had done on many occasion before. Stewart's eye was kept on the General until he approached within a distauce of 600 yards of where Stewart was stationed, when it occurred to the latter that no better time would be presented to cripple an army on the field by emptying the saddle of its command? ing officer than this; so, without know? ing who the officer was at the time, he fired. From the point where he was thus stationed, he fired fourteen successive shots at the distinguished General, all of which were without effect. Stewart says he continued to fire until his ammunition gave out, and that when his gun was dis? charged the last time the General was Dot over fifty yards from him. He was, after the capture, informed who it was he had but a short time before made a tar? get of. Stewart recalls the story of Washing? ton at Braddock's defeat, and the Indian who fired at the heroic Virginian again and again, and who then threw down his gun, exclaiming, "He has a charmed life!" Stewart firmly believes that a higher power saved the Union General. He will vote for Hancock.?New York Sun Nashville Leiter. ? "Sam," said one little urchin to an? other, "does your schoolmaster give you any rewards of merit?" "1 s pose he docs," was the reply; "he gives me a lickin' reg'lar every day, and says I merit two." THE RECENT FATAL DUEL. A Strong and Manly Letter From Senator Butler. Edgefield C. H., July 13,18c0. Messrs. Riordan & Dawson?DrjiW Sirs: I want to say to you that you have my hearty endorsement in the position you have taken in ie ference to the Cash ?Shannon tragedy. It is no reflection upon the memory of the gallant geutlemcn of the past who resorted to the duello to settle their personal differences to ask that the law be vindicated in this case. In former days the most punctilious decorum and chivalric courtesy distin? guished the conduct of gentlemen in "affairs of honor," and coarse ribaldry and gasconade in correspondence was as odious as the brand of cowardice; but now the "swashbuckler style" appears to be fashionable. The issue is very sharply made be? tween those who trample law defiantly under foot and those who execute it, and I do hope that courage enough may be found to execute it. It will be a sad day for South Carolina when a gentleman, who feels it to be his personal or professional duty to vindi? cate private rights in our courts, is first to be insulted, pursued, villified and goaded to desperation, and then shot. If that is to be tbe plane which our civili? zation is to occupy, we shall all be sleeping on our arms. And there must be something radically wrong in a pub? lic sentiment which can force a man of Shannon's high character and acknowl? edged courage to fight a duel under the circumstances which surrounded him. It is about time we were finding out where we are, and ascertain whether "border ruffianism" is to govern this country or whether civilized institutions shall be maintained. I express no opinion on the merits of this difficulty for I know nothing of it, except what I have seen in tbe public prints ; butl do venture the opinion that it is the first time iu the history of duel? ing in South Carolina that a mau has been shot for doing what he had, in morals and law, clearly the right to do, and for doing what it was his sworn duty to do, to wit: faithfully repre? senting the interests of his clients in the courts against parties who had them? selves gone into the courts. It is with? out a parallel either in the issue made or the manner of its conduct. You are doing your share of public duty in a proper manner?pardon me for saying so?and I believe that nine-tenths or the respectable people of the State will sustain you. You may count on my doing so in any way that I properly may. Very truly yours, &c. M. C. Butler. Ayrshire Cows. The following statistics of this well es? tablished breed, deserve the attention of all who are interested in dairy matters, and clearly indicate that these cows are scarcely yet appeciated at their true val? ue. The Ayrshire cow has been known to produce over ten imperial gallons of good milk in a day. A cow-feeder in Glasgow, selling fresh milk, is said to have real? ized $250 in seven months from one good cow, and it is stated on high authority that one dollar a day for six months of the year, is no uncommon income from good cows under similar circumstances ; and that seventy-five cents a day is be? low the average. But this implies high and judicious feeding. The avcrageyield on ordinary faod would be considerably less. Youatt estimates the daily yield of au Ayrshire cow for the first two months af? ter calving, at five gallons a day on an average; for the next three months at three gallons, and for the next four months at one gallon and a half. This would be eight hundred an fifty gallons as the annual yield of a cow, but allowing for some unproductive cows, he estimates the average of a dairy of six hundred gallons per annum for each cow. Three and a half gallons of the Ayrshire cow's milk will yield one and a half pouuds of butter. He therefore reckons two hun? dred and fifty-seven pounds of butter, or five hundred and fourteen pounds to twenty-eight gallons of milk, as the yield of every cow, at a fair and perhaps low average, in an Ayrshire dairy during the year. Alton sets the yield much higher, saying that "thousands of the Ayrshire dairy cows, when in prime condition and well fed, produce one1 thousand gallons of milk- per annum; that in general, three and three-quarters to four gallons of their milk yield a pound and a naif of butter; and twenty-seven and a half gal? lons of their milk will make twenty-one pounds of full milk-cheese. One of the four cows originally impor? ted into this country by John P. Cusbing, of Massachusetts, gave in one year 3,804 quarts/beer measure, or about 404 gallons, at ten pounds to the gallon, being an av? erage of over ten and a half beer quarts a day for the whole year. It is asserted, on good authority, that the first Ayrshire cow imported by the Massachusetts so? ciety for the promotion of agriculture, in 1837, yielded sixteen pounds of butter a week for several weeks in succession, on grass feed only. These yields are not so large as those stated by Alton; but it should, perhaps, be remembered that our climate is less favorable to the produc? tion of milk than that of England and Scotland, and that no cow imported af? ter arriving at maturity, could be expec? ted to yield as much, under tbe same cir? cumstances, as one bred on the spot where the trial is made and perfectly acclima? ted. The Cork Leg.?Modern science has brought tbe cork leg to a state of perfec? tion which renders it almost impossible for the casual observer to detect the dif? ference between the real and artificial. There was an eminent young lawyer some years ago who had a cork leg that was a triumph of artistic deception. None buthis intimates knew for certain which was the real and which was the sham limb. A wild young wag of the "utter bar," who knew the lawyer pret? ty well, once thought to utilize this knowledge of the lawyer's secret to lake in a newly-fledged young barrister. The lawyer was addressing a special jury at Westminister in his usual earnest and vehement style, and the wag whispered to his neighbor, "You sec how hot old Buzfuz is over his case; now, I will bet you a sovereign I'll run this pin into his leg slap up to the head, and he will never even notice it, he's so absorbed in his case. He is a most extraordinay man in that way." This was more than thegreen horn could swallow, so he took the bet. The wag leaning forward drove it up to the head in the lawyer's leg. A yell that froze the blood of all who heard it, that made the hair of thejury etand on end and caused the Judge's wig almost to fall off, ran through the court. "By Jove! it's the wrong leg, and I've lost my money," exclaimed the dismayed and conscience stricken wag, quite regardless of the pain he bad inflicted upon the learned lawyer.