University of South Carolina Libraries
BY E. B. MUEEAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 24, 1880. VOLUME XV.?NO. 50. JAMES ABRAHAM GARFIELD. I A Stalwart Pen-Sketch of the Nominee for President. [By E. V. Smaltey a Republican Journalist.'] James Abraham Garfield was born No? vember 19, 1831, in the township of Orange, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, about fifteen, miles from Cleveland. His fath? er, Abraham Garfield, came from New York, but like.his mother, was of New England, stock. James was the young? est of four children. The father.died in 1838, leaving the family dependent upon a small .farm and the exertions .of the mother. There was nothing about the elder Garfield to distinguish him from the other, plodding farmers of the rather sterile; township of Orange. No one could discern any qualities in him, which, transmitted to the next genera? tion, might help to make a a statesman, unless it was industry; but his wife, I - who is still living at an advanced age, was always fond of reading, when she could get leisure from her bard house i hold duties, and was a thoroughly capa? ble woman, of Strong will, stern princi? ples and more than average force of character. . Of the children, no one be? sides James has made the slightest mark in' the world. The older brother is a farmer in Michigan, and the two sisters are. I.,believe, farmers' wives. James . hada tough time of it as a boy. He toiled hard on the farm, early and late in Summer, and worked at the carpen? ter's bench in. Winter. The best of it was that.he liked work. There was not a lazy hair on his head. He had an ab? sorbing ambition to get an education, and the only road open to this end seem? ed that of manual labor. Beady money was hard to get in those days. The Ohio Canal ran not far from where he lived, and finding that the boatmen got their pay in' cash and earned better wages than he c ould make at farming or carpentry, he hired out: as a driver on the towpatb, and soon got up to the dignity of holding the beim of a boat. Then he determined to ship as a sailor on the Jakes, but an attack offerer and; ague interfered .with his plans. He was ill three months, and when he recovered he decided to go to a school called Geauga Academy, in an adjoining county. His mother bad saved a small sum of money, which she gave him, with a few cooking utensils and a stock of provisional He hired a small room and cooked his . own food to make his expenses as light as possible. He paid his own way aller that, never calling on his mother for any more as? sistance. -By working at-:he carpenter's bench.mornings and evenings and vaca? tion times, and teaching country schools in the Winter, he managed to attend the academy during the Spring and Fall terms and to save a little money towards going to college. He had excellent health, a robust ? frame and a capital memory, and the attempt to combine mental and pyaical work, which has broken down many farmer boys ambi? tious to get an education, did not hurt him. GARFIELD AT COLLEGE. When ho was twenty-three years of age he concluded he had got about all there was to be had in the- obscure cross roads academy. He- calculated- that he bad saved about half enough money to get ? through college, provided he could begin, as he hoped, with/the junior year. He got a. life insurance policy and assigned it to to a gentleman as security tor a loan to make up the amount: he lacked. In the Fall of 1854 he entered the junior class of Williams College, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1856 with' the meta? physical honors of bis class. I have seen a daguerreotype of him taken about ibis time. It represents a father awkward youth, with a shock of light, hair, stand iugvetraight up from a big forehead, and a frank, thoughtful face, of a-very mark? ed German type. There is not a drop of German blood in .the Garfield family but this picture would be taken for some Fritz or Carl, just over from the Fath? erland. Before he-went to college Garfield had connected himself with the Disciples, a sect having, a numerous membership in Eastern and. Southern Ohio, West Vir? ginia and Kentucky, where its founder, Alexander Campbell, bad traveled and preached. The principal peculiarities of the denomination are their refusal to formulate their belie?} into a creed, the independence of each congregation,, the hospitality and fraternal feeling of the members, and the lack-of a regular ministry. When Garfield returned to Ohio it was natural that he should soon gravitate to the struggling little college of the young sect at Hiram, Portage county, near his boyhood's home. He became professor of Latin and Greek, and threw himself with the,energy and industry, which are leading traits of his character, into the work of building up the institution. Before he had been two years in his professorship he was ap? pointed President of the college. Hi? ram is a lonesome country village, three miles from a railroad, built upon a high bill, overlooking twenty miles of cheese making country to the southward. It contains fifty or sixty houses clustered around the green, in the centre of which stands the homely red brick college structure. Plain living and high think? ing was the order of things at Hiram College in those days. The teachers were poor, and the institution was poor, but there was a great deal of hard, faith? ful study done and many ambitious plans - formed. The. young President taught, lectured and preached, and all the time studied as'diligently as any ecolyte in the temple of knowledge. He frequent? ly spoke on Sundays in the churches of the towns in the vicinity to create an interest in the college. Among the Dis? ciples any one can preach who has a mind to, no ordination being required. From these Sunday discourses came the story that Garfield was a minister. He never considered himself such, and never bad any intention of finding a career in the pulpit. His ambition, if he bad any outside of the school, lay in the direc? tion of law and politics. HIS HARRTAGE. During his professorship Garfield married Miss Lucretia Rudolph, daugh? ter of a farmer in tho neighborhood, whose acquaintance he had made while at the academy, where she was also a pupil. She was a quiet, thoughtful girl, of singularly sweet and refined disposi? tion, fond of study and reading, possess sing a warm heart and a mind with the capacity of steady growth. The marri? age was a love affair on both sides and has been a thoroughly happy one.? Much of Gen. Garfield's subsequent suc? cess in life may be attributed to the never failing sympathy and intellectual companionship of bis wife and the stim? ulus of a loving home circle. The young couple bought a neat little cottage fronting on the college campus aud be? gan their wedded life poor and in debt, but with brave hearts. In 1859 the College President was elected to the State Senate from the counties of Portage and Summit. He did not resign his Presidency, because he looked upon a few' months in the Legis? lature as an episode not likely to change the course of bis life. But the war came to alter all bis plans. During the Win? ter of 1SG1 be was active in the passage of measures for arming tbe State militia, and bis eloquence and energy made bim a conspiouous leader of the Union party. Early in the Summer of 1861 he w?s elected Colonel of an infantry regiment (the Forty-second), raised in Northern Ohio, many of tbe soldiers in which bad been students at Hiram. He took tbe field in Eastern Kentucky, was soon put in command of a brigade, and, by mak? ing one of tbe hardest marches ever made by recruits, surprised and routed the Rebel forces, under Humphrey Mar? shall at Piketon. From Eastern Kentucky General Gar? field was transferred to Louisville and from that place hastened to join the ar? my of Gennral Buell, which be reached with his brigade iu time to participate in tbe second day's fighting at Pittsburg Landing. He took part in the siege of Corinth and in tbe operations along the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. In January 1868, be was appointed chief of staff of the Army of the Cumberland, and bore a prominent part in all tbe cam? paigns in Middle Tennessee in the Spring and Summer of that year. His last con? spicuously military service was at tbe battle of Chickamauga. For bis conduct in that battle he was promoted to a ma jor-generalsbip. It is said that he wrote all the orders given to the army that day and submitted them to General Rose crans for approval, save one. The one he did not write was the fatal order to Gen? eral Wood, which was so worded as not to correctly convey tbe meaning of the commanding general and which caused tbe destruction of tbe right wing of the army. ELECTED TO CONGRESS. The Congressional District in which Garfield lived was the one long made famous by Joshua R. GiddingB. The 'old anti-slavery champion grew careless of tbe arts of politics toward the end of bis career, and came to look upon a nomination and re-election as a matter of course. His over confidence was taken J advantage of in 1858, by an ambitious lawyer named Hutchins, to carry a Con? vention against bim. The friends of Giddlings never forgave Hutchins, aud cast about for means of defeating bim. The ojd man was comfortably quartered in his Consulate at Montreal, and did not care to make a fight to get back to Congress. So his supporters made use of the popularity of Gen. Garfied and nom? inated him, while be was in tbe field, without asking his consent. This was in 1862. When he heard of the nomina- j tion Garfield reflected that it would be fifteen months before the Congress would meet to which he would be elected, and be? lieving, as did every one else, that the war could uot possibly last a year longer, concluded to accept. I have often beard him express regret that he did not help fight tbe war through, and say that he nev? er would have left the army to go to Con? gress bad he foreseen that tbe struggle would be continued beyond the year 1863. He continued his military service up to the time Congress met. On entering Congress in December, 1863, Gen. Garfield was placed upon tbe Committee on Military Affairs, with Scbenck and Frans worth, who were also fresh from the field. He took an active part in the debate of tbe House and won a recognition which few new members succeed in gaining. He was not popu? lar among his fellow-members during bis first term.- They thought bim some? thing of a pedant because he sometimes showed bis scholarship in his speeches, and they were jealous of bis prominence. His solid attainments and amiable so? cial qualities enabled bim to overcome this prejudice during the second term, and he became on terms of close friend? ship with the best men in both Houses. His committee service during bis second term was on the Ways and Means, which was quite to bis taste, for it gave bim an opportunity to prosecute tbe studies in finance ana political economy which be had always felt a foundness for. He was a hard worker and a great reader in those days, going home with his arms full of books from tbe Congressional Library, and sitting up late at nights to read them. It was then that he laid the foundation of the convictions on the 'subject of National finance which he has since held to-firmly amid all tbe storms of political agitation. He was renom iuated in 1764, without opposition, but iu 1866, Mr. Hutchins, whom be had supplanted, made an effort to defeat him. Hutchins canvassed tbe district thor? oughly, but tbe Convention nominate1 Garfield by acclamation. He has bad no opposition since in his own party. In 1872 the Liberals and Democrats unit? ed to beat him, but his majority was larger than ever. In 1874 the Green backers and Democrats combined and put up a popular soldier against bim, but they made no impressions on the result. Tbe Ash tabula District, as it is generally called, is the most faithful to its repre? sentative of any in the North. It has had but four members in half a ceniury. HIS WORK IN CONGRESS. In the Fortieth Congress General Gar? field was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. In the Forty-first, he was given the chairmanship of Banging and Currency, which he liked much bet? ter, because it was in tbe line of his financial studies. His next promotion was to tbe chairmanship of the Appro? priation Committee, which he held until the Democrats came into power in the House, 1875. His chief work on that committee was a steady and judicious reduction of the expenses of the Govern? ment. In all the political struggles in Congress he has borne a leading part, bis clear, vigorous and moderate style of argument making him one of the most effective debaters in either House. When James G. Blaine went to the Senate, in 1877, the mantle of Republi? can leadership in the House was, by common consent, placed upon Garfield, and he has worn it ever since. In Janu? ary last, Gen. Garfield was elected to tbe Senate, to the seat which will be vacated by Allen G. Thurman, on the 4th of March, 1881. He received the unani? mous vote of the Republican caucus, an honor never given to any man of any parly iu the State of Ohio. Since his election he has been tbe recipient of many complimentary manifestations in Wash? ington and Ohio. GARFIELD AS A LEADER. Asa leader in the House, he is more cautious and less dashing thau Blaine, and bis judicial turn of mind makes him too prone to look for two sides of a ques? tion for bim to be an efficient partisan. When tbe issue fairly touches his con? victions, however, he becomes thoroughly aroused and strikes tremendous blows. Blaine's tactics were to continually harass the enemy by sharp shooting, surprises and picket 'firiug. Garfield waits for an oportuuity to deliver a pitched battle, and his generalship is shown to best advantage when the fight is a fair one and waged on grounds where each party thinks itself strongest. Then his solid shots of argument are exceedingly effective. On the stump Garfield is one of the very best orators in the Republi? can party. He has a good voice, an air of evident sincerity, great clearness and vigor of statement and a way of knitting bis arguments together so as to make a speech deepen its impression on the mind of the hearer until the cliuax is reached. Of his industry and studious habits a great deal might be said, but a single illustration will have to suffice here. Once during the busiest part of a very busy session at Washington, I found him in his library, behind a big barricade of books. This was no unusual sight, bnt when I glanced at the volumes I saw that they were all different editions of Horace, or books relating to that poet. "I find I am overworked and need re? creation," said the General. "Now my theory is that the best way to rest the mind is not to let it be idle ; but to put it at something quite outside of the ordinary line of its employment. So I am resting by learning all the Congres ional Library can show about Horace and tbe various editions aud translations of his poems." garfield "at home, General Garfield is the possessor of two homes and his family migrates twice a year. Some ten years ago, finding how unsatisfactory lifo was iu hotels and boarding bouses, be bought a lot of ground on the corner of Thirteenth and I streets, in Washington, and with money borrowed of a friend built a plain, sub? stantial, three-story house. A wing was extended afterwards, to make room for the fast-growing library. The money was repaid in time, and was probably saved in great part from what would otherwise nave gone to landlords. The children grew- up in pleauant home sur? roundings, and the house became tbe centre of much simple and cordial hos? pitality. Five or six years ago the little cottage at Hiram was sold, and for a time the only residence the Garfields bad in his District was a summer house be built on Little Mountain, a bold eleva j tion in Lake county, which commands a view of thirty miles'of rieb farming country stretched along the shore of Lake Erie. Three years ago he bought a farm in Mentor, in the same county, lying on both Bides of the Lake Shore aud Michigan Southern Railroad. Here his family spend all tbe time when he is 1 free from hia duties in Washington. The farm house is a low, old fashioned story and-a-balf building, but its limited ac? commodations bnve been supplemented by numerous out-buildings, one of which Gen. Garfield uses for office and library purposes. The farm contains about one hundred and twenty acres of excellent land, in a high state of cultivation, and the Congressman finds a recreation,?of which he never tires, in directing the field work and making improvements in tbe buildings, fences and orchards.? Cleveland is only twenty-five miles away; there is a postoffice and a railway station within half a mile, and the pretty coun? try town of Painesville is but five miles distant. One of tbe pleasures of summer life on tbe Garfield farm is a drive of two miles through the woods to the lake shore and a bath in the breakers. Gen. Garfield bos five children living, and has lost two, who died in infancy. His mother is still living, and has long been a member of bis family. In person Gen. Garfield is six feet high, broad shouldered and strongly built. Ho has an unusually large head, that seems to be three-fourths forehead; light brown hair and beard, large, light blue eyes, a prom? inent nose and full cheeks. He dresses plainly, is fond of broad-brimmed slouch bats and stout boots, eats heartily, cares nothing for luxurious living, is thorough? ly temperate in all respects save in that of brain work, and is devoted to his wife and children and very fond of his country home. Among men he is genial, ap? proachable, companionable and a re? markably entertaining talker. Steamship Collision at Sea. New York, June 15. The steamer "The Queen," which ar? rived here, reports that on June 13, 300. miles east of Sandy Hook, during a dense fog, she came in collision with, tbe steamer "Anchoria," of the Anchor lino, bound from New York for Glasgow. Both ves? sels were very seriously damaged, and for a while it was thought both would go down. "The Queen's" bow was stove in. "The Queen" took off all tbe passengers of the "Anchoria," 180 in number, and brought them to this port. The "An? choria" is still outside tbe bar, waiting for assistance. She has about 2? feet of water in her hold. The passengers state that after the col? lision the crew of tbe"Anehoria" became demoralized, three of them leaping aboard "The Queen" before the vessels separated. The men made no el/brt, it is stated, to save the passengers, but looked to their own safety. Capt. Hedderrick, of the "Anchoria," behaved with great coolness and stuck to his vessel until all of tbe passengers had been safely transferred to "The Queen." Some of "the passengers had to assist in launching the "Ancho? ria' a" boats. As soon as the boats struck the water the sailor- were the first to jump into them. Immediately after the collision a boat was sent to the "Anchoria" by "The Queen," under command of the 3d offi? cer of the night, to tender assistance, and all her other boats were got out at once. During the transfer of passengers Miss Carson, of Rochester, N. Y? fell over? board, but was rescued. This was the only accident during the transfer. Two compartments of the "Anchoria" were filled with water and there was every prospect of the vessel sinking, so it was determined to transfer her passengers, as the injury to "The Queen" was not ap? parently so serious. The transfer was made iu boats. The sea was very calm and the boats performed their mission at little risk. Capt. Hedderrick thought that he could bring the "Anchoria" into port if "The Queen" would stand by mm." Captain Williams, of tbe latter, promised to do so. All the crew of the "Anchoria, except five or six, returned to duty, and a start was made for New York, "The Queen" keeping close by until the arrival. Prejudice Kills.?"Eleven years our daughter suffered on a bed of misery under the care of several of the best (and some of the worst) physicians, who gave her disease various names but no relief, and now she is restored to us in good health by a simple a remedy as Hop Bitterp, that we had poohed at for two years, be? fore using it. We earnestly hope and pray that no one else will let their sick sutler as we did, on account of prejudice against so good a medicine as Hop Bit? ters."?The Parents.?Telegram. ? There is at the Sydney, Australia, exhibition a house built of paper. The entire furniture, including chandeliers and a stove, is of paper. So, too, are the carpets and curtains; and there is a bed? room in which is not only a large paper bed, but also blankets, sheets, quilts aud female underclothing, dresses, bonnets in the latest style. It is proposed to give a series of banquets in this building at which the plates, dishes, knives, forks and drinking utensils shall be also of pa? per?everything, iu fine, excepting the eatables. TUE REPUBLICAN TICKET. I Some Interesting Comments from the Leading Journal*. [From the New York Herald.] We do not know whether we ought to congratulate the Republican party or to condole with it. Mr. Garfield is'one of the most estimable and popular men in the Republican party; but he is not a man whom the party would have sponta? neously selected as its standard-bearer in an important Presidential election. He is taken up only because the really strong men of the party were thought to have no chance for the nomination. The weakness of Mr. Garfield's nomi? nation lies in the fact that it is not cal | culated to strengthen the Republican j party in the doubtful States. It is gen? erally conceded that the vote of New York will decide the Presidential election ,* but the selection of Mr. Garfield as the Re? publican standard-bearer has no ten? dency to strengthen the Republican party in this pivotal State. He is deservedly admired in Ohio and the West, but he has acquired no strong hold on the con? fidence of New York Republicans. The Republican leaders in this State, having gone into the third-term move? ment with all their zeal, will be crippled by this tremendous mistake aud by the loss of prestige which atteuds its failure, and if the Democratic party should be reunited the chances are against Gen. Garfield carrying New York, whose loss would be fatal to his hopes. The Re? publican party is weakcrcd by the long contest at Chicago, * wakened by the strenuous efforts lor a third-term by many of its principal leaders, weakened by its nomination of a ticket which none of its members would have recommended or thought of in advance, and it will have a hard battle to fight if the Demo? cratic party should make a reasonably good nomination. GARFIELD NOT A FIT MAN TO BE PRES? IDENT. [From the New York Sun."] In cousidering this nomination we de? sire first of all to thank God for the de? feat of Grant and the decisive overthrow of the third term conspiracy. It is an event on which the American people in a body may well offer up rejoicings to Heaven; and the friends of liberty and of the rights of men in all nations under the sun should join with them in the manifestations of their heartfelt grati? tude. But is Gen. Garfield such a man that, patriotic citizens of the United States can well and wisely support him for President ? Can the Executive authori? ty of the Republic be safely entrusted to him? These are the questions which every voter should now ask; and we an? swer Calmly and emphatically that be 5s not such a man. And yet, notwithstanding all this, the mischiefs of electing such a mau Presi? dent would all seem blessings compared to the results which would have followed the success of Grant and the third term. THE COMING CONTEST TO BE ARDUOUS AND UNCERTAIN. [From the Now York TSmet.] The contest on which the Republican party has entered, with Mr. Garfield at its head, is to be an arduous one. We have not concealed our opinion that it would have been less so with another and very different candidate. Had Gen. Grant been nominated, the undoubted accessions which would have been se? cured in the South would, in our judg? ment, have rendered the result more cer? tain, and have made some of the difficul? ties, which must follow even success, less trying. But our candidate represents, with the clearness due to his own emi? nent qualities and his distinguished career, all of the most valued principles of the Republican party. He is entitled to the cordial and unqualified support of all who cherish those principles, and we have entire confidence that, obtaining this, he will be the next President of the United States. A LOUD CROW FROM THE BLAINE OR? GAN. [From the Ncut York Tribune.] Above all, the unwritten law of the Republic is maintained. Not for a cen? tury can another successful soldier ask for a third term. We mean no reflection upon the great General whom through* out this whole contest we have always endeavored to treat with the admiring respect due his noble service and exalted career. We mean no reflections upon the thousands of Republicans good and true, who longed to follow once more his leadership. But we do say that it is the settled judgment of the Republican party and of the American people that pro? tracted terms of service in our highest office are not in harmony with the spirit of our institutions. Not even the daz? zling fame of Appomattox could blind our people to the lessons of every exper? iment in free government the world has seen. What sufficed for Washington must suffice for the greatest of his suc? cessors, at least for this generation and the next. The man whom we shall thus elect is of almost ideal fitness for the place.? James A. Garfield ie a magnificent pro? duct of our institutions. Born poor, the support of a widowed mother, earning with his own hands the means which carried him through one of the noted New England colleges, he belongs to the very best type of self-made men. A stu? dent all his life, he is to-day, perhaps, the most scholarly among our statesmen. His career as a soldier was without a flaw, and in his last great battle it was well said of him that, at the crisis, when left without orders, he rode toward the sound of the enemy's cannon. As a statesman his record through thewarand since is a part of the history of the coun? try. The Chicago Convcution promptly recognized him as its best counsellor aud easily its first orator. He is even better fitted for the Presidency than for partisan leadership, since the judicial temper which has sometimes hindered him in Congress is precisely what will best com? mand the confidence of the whole coun? try in the White House. With all our heart we approve and applaud the nomi? nation. The ticket tends to harmony on a sound basis, and to right ends; and the campaign of 1SS0 has an auspicious opening. A TRIUMPH FOR JOHN SHERMAN. [From the N. Y. Journal of Commerce.] The nomination is a triumph for Sec? retary Sherman only second to his own selection. It is an out-and-out defeat of the third term idea?a complete frustra? tion of the entire machine management matured in months of weary labor, and an emphatic seal of condemnation on the corruptions that marked Grant's admin? istration. It is well known that, with? out regard to the specific politics of the incumbents, wo have for several years favored a change in the National admin? istration as the only method of effectual? ly cleansing the departments from the prevalent rottenness and corruption. We are still of the same opinion, but a lesser good is not to be despised, and we shall certainly not be discouraged if a man of honesty and ability like Garfield Is called to the White House. If the Democrats at Cincinnati will give us a man of equally high character, tbe peo? ple of this country may breathe more freely in regard to "their political future than they have before for many years. ONLY ORDINARY SENSE AND PRUDENCE NECES8ARY TO MAKE A DEMOCRATIC VICTORY SURE. [From the New York World.] If the Democrats of the country are not satisfied with the result of the Chicago Convention they are very hard to please. The nominations at Chicago do not indeed justify the Democrats in expecting to win with the tainted candi? date of a divided party. But they do amply justify the Democrats iu expect? ing to win with a real representative of the principles of the Democratic party, upon which this natiou was prosperously governed through three-quarters of its existence, and upon which iu substance peace has been re-established since the close of the great civil war. The nomi? nation of Garfield is not only a compro? mise. It is a weak and timid compro? mise. For several days it has been evi? dent that the contest for the nomiuation lay between Grant and some outsider who had so far developed no strength whatever in the Conveution. Gen. Gar? field was the likeliest mau for the nomi? nation, since Gen. Garfield, besides hav? ing a certain positive strength in the party, has excited no active enmities in the party, and, more important still, since Gen. Garfield is a citizen of Ohio, a generally Republican State, which holds an election in October. The cow? ardice of the compromise lay in this last fact. When the Republicans consider it necessary to nominate a man, as they nominated Hayes in 1876, and as they have now nominated Garfield, for the purpose of making sure of the vote of Ohio in the local October election, they show in the clearest way that they are far from feeling any confidence as to the result of the genornl election in Novem? ber. It would have been idle for the Chicago Conveution to nominate any man who could not hope to carry Ohio. In fishing for a sprat, therefore, the Re? publicans have thrown away their whales. The leadership of Cameron in Pennsylvania and of Conkling in New York has been not only challenged but overthrown. Mr. Garfield being thus merely an average Republican candidate?a man whose strength in no way trauscends the party strength, as does Gen. Grant's strength, for example, and who will'for the reasons we have given fail to com? mand even the party strength in the all important States of New York and Penn? sylvania?it is plain that only ordinary sense and ordinary prudence will be re? quired at Cincinnati to make a Demo? cratic victory sure. But the Democrats will be even more helped by the scarcely credible folly of tbe Republicans in nominating Gen. Arthur for the Vice Presidency. Gen. Arthur is not only as much as Governor Cornell the embodi? ment in tbe imagination of the Republi? can scratchers of tbe machine politics which chiefly excite the aversion of In? dependent Republicans, but Gen. Arthur now does not even represent the Repub? lican machine. He has had a bitter quarrel, as is perfectly well known in bis own State, with those machinists who control the State administration, and the charter by which he proposed, to deprive this city of any share in its own govern? ment was defeated simply because he was known to be in favor of it. It is certain that he will get no help in bis canvass from Governor Cornell, whom he di? more than any other person, except Mr. Samuel J. Tilden, to elect. Ilia nomina? tion simply proves how entirely ignorant politicals may be of State politics in other States than their own. He was nominated, of course, to strengthen the ticket in New York, and there is scarce? ly another conspicuous Republican in the State who could have so badly weak? ened it at so many points. The Chicago Convention, we repeat, has opeued to the Democrats the road to the White House, and only wilful blind? ness can prevent the Democrats from taking it. GARFIELD'S ELECTION IMPOSSIBLE, IF STATESMANSHIP AND PATRIOTISM RULE AT CINCINNATI. [Editorial Letter in Philadelphia Times.] I share the general conviction of most of the delegates who made the nomina? tion of Garfield, that be is not likely to prove a strong candidate. He has been a gallant soldier. He has filled a high measure of civil trust. He has risen to the leadership of the House. He is able in disputation and is justly esteemed as patriotic; but few would single him out as a great administrator, and be follows too closely in the foot-steps of Hayes to awaken either popular enthusiasm or command intelligent trust. He would not be the type of Executive that the humiliating experience of the last nearly four years has impressed upon the posi? tive Republican leaders as an imperative necessity. It was tbe pitiable weakness of Hayes that made it posssble to anchor over three hf^dred votes in the conven? tion in favor of Grant, with all the blem? ish of his administration, and while the party will accept Garfield with mechan? ical unity the desperate courage and un? scrupulous strategy which made Hayes President will not be repeated for Gar? field by the only men who could repeat it. The nomination makes every South? ern State Democratic, makes Ohio doubt? ful, makes New York and New Jersey hardly debatable for the Republicans; and makes Indiana, California, Oregon aud even Pennsylvania depend upon the verdict of Ohio in October. If Gar field's own State shall be lost in the pre? liminary October, the ensuing contest will be ended and his defeat overwhelm? ing ; while if he shall carry it by a re? duced majority, as is inevitable against a strong Democratic ticket, bis election will then be more than possible. He will be assailed in his own Stare and by his political friends with uncommon bit? terness, and his integrity will be as posi? tively questioned as the defamera of Blaine have questioned the purity of his public record. His own constituents and party associates have made this pub? lic by standing out as bis accusers. He will be compelled to wade through a violent flood of partisan bitterness from now until the melancholy days of November, of which he spoke in nomi? nating Shermau, shall come to deliver him from the angry waves of the politi? cal strife. As if it was pre-determined that he should be overweighted in the race, tbe nomination of Arthur for Vice President was loaded upon him to make the battle for the controlling State of New York a hopeless one. It is possible for Democratic lolly to elect the Garfield ticket. Its election will be impossible if statesmanship and patriotism shall be among the couspicuous attributes of the Democratic candidates. ? In Buchanan county, North Caroli? na, the mother of a family poisoned some bread and put it where her stepson had frequently broken in and taken eatables. Two of her own children had the misfor? tune to do exactly as the stepson was ex? pected to do, and, eating the bread, died from the effect of the poison. SAM COX AFTER THEM. A Dohc of Garfieldlnn Doctrine Adminis? tered to the Republican Congressmen? They Swallow ,It with "Wry Faces. I The Sun, in its report of Friday's de? bate in tbe House ot Representatives on the Deputy Marshals bill, says that at the conclusion of Mr. Harris'speech Mr. Cox took the floor. Tbe Republicans faced about in their seats towards him. Tbe Democrats poured down the aisles and took seats where they could hear. In the sharp, bitter tone9 which Mr. Cox invariably uses when pouring showers of sarcasm upon his opponents, he accused the Republicans of abandoning their noble standard-bearer. There was suffi? cient inflection of voice in his pronun? ciation of the word "noble" to raise a laugh among the Democrats. Mr. Cox said that he did not approve of tbe pending bill, as he was opposed to all Federal interference with elections in the States, but he should vote for it as a modification of the rigors of tbe present law. For the present bill the House was greatly indebted to James Abram Gar? field. "You," he exclaimed, "are attack? ing him in the house of his friends." Mr. Cox said that Garfield was the author of the essence of the bill, and that opposition to it came with bad grace from those who pretended to support him. He asked the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Hubbell) why it was that he was acting against Garfield. The gentleman had better wait uutil after the Cincinnati Convention, or the Greenback arrangement, or something. Mr. Hubbell?I will take that into consideration. Mr. Cox?Will you vote for this bill ? Mr. Hubbell?No, sir. $?The Republicans had already begun to writhe aud twist at the manner in which the New Yorker addressed them, and Judge Kellcy, of Pennsylvania, arose to reply. "Are you for this bill, my friend ?" asked. Mr. Cox, sharply, pointing his finger at the old gentleman. "No, sir," answered Mr. Kelley, who was quickly put upon the witness stand, before he had an opportunity to say any? thing in defence. "Then you are against Garfield," shouted Mr. Cox, amid roars of laughter. Mr. Kelley took his seat. Mr. Cox then referred to General Haw ley, whom he spoke of as one of the best men in the House, "and as the average honest man of the party.'1 (Laughter.) But yet be (Mr. Cox) could not for the life of him tell on which side of the ques? tion he (Mr. Hawley) was?whether he was for or against tho bill?whether he was for Garfield or against Garfield?a little of both, he imagined. (Laughter.) That gentleman had just made a speech in which he arraigned the Democrats for their course on the tariff. "Don't you know," exclaimed Mr. Cox, "that Gar? field, by his resolute opposition to,the bill to abolish the duty on wood pulp and materials which enter into the man? ufacture of printing paper, stabbed the tariff under the fifth rib? (Laughter.) Don't you know that the newspapers have raised their subscriptions and ad? vertising rates because the Republican standard-bearer and others had sup? pressed all attempts to reform the tariff? Judge Kelley (in his seat)?Nobody in the world knows that. Mr. Cox (affecting not to recognize tbe voice)?Speak tip. Let me see your face. (" aughter.) I think you are a Green backer, are you not ? Mr. Kelley (still in his seat)?In that connection, yes. "Are you for Weaver or Garfield?" yelled Mr. Cox, quick as lightning. Roars of laughter saluted this sally at Mr. Kelley's soft-mouey proclivities. "I happen to be for both of them on this bill," replied Mr. Kelley. "I love to hear the stentorian voice of my old friend raised for greenbacks. Weaver and victory," said Mr. Cox. Again applause and loud laughter echoed from the chamber far out into the lob? bies. "I know that my friend is sound on the tariff," added Mr. Cox, "and that therefore he sustains Garfield. Is not Garfield sound on the tariff? If uot, my friend would not vote for him." Judge Kelley, who had maintained himself upon tbe floor, replied th-. he was satisfied with Garfield, whereupon the Republicans applauded. "Don't you know that Garfield is a member of the Cobden Club ?" exclaimed Mr. Cox. The Democrats applauded, and cries of "No, no," were heard from among the Republicans. Mr. Carlisle asked permission to read an extract from a speech delivered by General Garfield in 1866, and repeated by him again in 1870. In this speech Garfield says: "I am for a protection which leads to ultimate free trade. I am for that free trade which can only be achieved through a reasonable protec? tion." Tbe Republicans cheered to the echo these sentiments. "Are you for a protection that will lead to free trade?" said M,r. Cox, point? ing his finger at Mr. Kelley. The old gentlemau dared notanswer in the affirm? ative, and seemed for once at a loss for words to reply. "You repudiated Gar? field when he was a candidate for speaker and voted for Hendrick B. Wright," con? tinued Mr. Cox, following his solid shot with grape and canister, "and now by opposing this bill you are fighting your standard-bearer. Isn't he good enough for you ?" Mr. Conger exclaimed: "He is the best of us all." But before he had time to continue, Mr. Cox, hastily dropping Mr. Kelley, pointed his finger at the Michigan representative and said: "Now, Btop. You've been in Chicago, and made noise enough there." Continuing plaintively: "We have been so happy since you've been away?so quiet; but we were all delighted to know that you have been making the same old fuss out there." Yells and roars of laughter and applanse broke simultaneously from both sides of the house, and Mr. Conger, laughing himself, sat quietly down in his seat. Secor Robesou next came to the front. Standing in the main aisle and bending toward Mr. Cox, ho began to speak in such low, lugubrious toues that his words could not be heard in the galleries. "Don't be so solemn," snapped Mr. Cox. Robeson's voice was instantly drowned in auother roar of laughter, which lasted at least a minute. Raising his voice to a scream, he said that tho words of Gar? field would live in the past like an an? tique column in the midst of the decayed rubbish which surrounds it. "Regardless of all the distinction which my noble friend gained in the navy department," said Mr. Cox, "I know that all the rubbish is not on this Bide of the house." Robcson sat down. His rosy face turned a shade paler, audit was apparent that Mr. Cox's shot bad gone home. Mr. Cox sent to the ck k's desk to he read another of Garfield's speeches in favor of the bill u::der discussion, and also an editorial article from the New York Times commending the bill to the thoughtful and conservative men of all parties. The article having been read, Mr, Cox said: "After that exhortation, I ask our Republican friends whether they cannot come up to the altar and be prayed for and have a general love-feast." (Laughter.) Mr. Keifer (Republican, Ohio)?Do you want an answer ? Mr. Cox?Not from you. Mr. Keifer persisted in sneaking, until finally Mr. Cox exclaimed : "I do not yield to you. The gentleman from Ohio is not large enough in brain to wear the mantle of his colleague (Garfield) yet, aud though he may try to fill it, he must cultivate something el?e before he under? takes to interrupt gentlemen so flippant? ly here, because we know his record here on certain things." Mr. Keifer trembled with passion. Mr. Cox continued: "The man who has just interrupted me is the man who attacked General Garfield for his position here in favor of this bill." Mr. Keifer sat down, and from bis seat began to talk. "When the gentleman wants to address a remark he ought to have manners enough to rise in bis place." savagely remarked Mr. Cox. Mr. Keifer entirely subsided. Mr. Cox concluded his remarks by say? ing that the Democrats in the House had been prudent, consistent and patriotic, brigadiers and all. He read the resolu? tion adopted when tbe Southern Demo? crats were in force in the House (which seventeen Republicans voted against) de? claring their opposition to disunion, re? bellion and secession. Their acts bad proved their sincerity. They would staud by their friends and the constitu? tion. "They know," he continued, "what you have done at Chicago. They know that your man is vulnerable. They know that with a good ticket at Cincinnati we can win the day in November (applause on the Democratic side), and then we causing: Wait for your glorious pleiad fled, Wait for your ne'er returning star. Your star will go down in clouds, and once more the good old cause of Democ? racy will be vindicated, in spite of radi? calism and all its abominations. The Dare-Devil Forrest. No man ever exacted stricter obedience or more thoroughly maintained it. He brooked no disobedience of his own or? ders, and he resented their infraction with characteristic fire. When his command needed supplies he stopped on no technicalities of ob? struction to obtain them. The writer well remembers once sending a requisi? tion for food and forage to an officer at one of the railroad stations, and was re? fused on the grounds that the supplies belonged to an infantry command in the rear. Forrest having failed in the same manner to obtain needed provisions, coolly took what he wished without further parley, stating that if any com? plaint was made he (Gen. Forrest) was responsible. His services were so valua? ble that his summary methods were overlooked. He said to the writer in ex planation of his taking these supplies that he never hesitated to override for? malities when he deemed it necessary; that he would break a thousand of them at any cost to himself before bis men and horses should suffer for want of subsis? tence, and that the infantry in camp I could get plenty more, while his men, always in active service on the front, i could not obtain supplies all the time. I Another instance of his disregard of rules was that he allowed his men to ab? sent themselves just when he pleased. He had his troops on band on ail neces? sary occasions for march or fighting or picket duty. He would turn a whole regiment loose for a day or two when in the vicinity of their homes, or when they could be spared, and this when there were positive orders against it from army headquarters. And tbe practical result of it was that it absolutely benefited tbe service; it satisfied and encouraged the men, and made them better soldiers. No General punished desertion more severely or demanded harder service, and none took more responsibility in behalf of the comfort or pleasure of his command. While the writer connected lines with Forrest the scouts of that officer were constantly in front and rear. Forrest not only reconnoitered his own ground, but that of everybody else. His search for information was unceasing. It was this restless watchfulness and inquiry that constituted one of his chief traits. His scouts were ubiquitous. They went everywhere and they exhausted every source of news. Wherever he went he had every road, path, thicket and point of observation or approach, front, flank and rear, picketed, and in addition his scouts swarmed for miles around, send? ing bulletins to him hourly. Just before the battle of Chickamauga the writer was in command of a brigade of cavalry at Alpine, Ga. Forrest passed by going to the front and inquired of the condition of matters and the news of the enemy. He received all of the informa? tion obtainable, and as he started off to the front he bowed adieu and said: "I believe I will go and give them fellows a dar."?An ex-Confederate Officer in the Cincimiati Enquirer. What Becomes of Fijiax Widows. ?There is no uniformity of custom in Fiji, so that no description of what is done by any one tribe can be t aken as applicable to all the others. The strang? ling of widow, however, that they might be buried with their dead husbands, seems I to have been everywhere practiced. The I widow's brother performs the operation, and is thenceforward treated with mark [ ed respect by his brother-in-law's kins? folks, who present him with a piece of j laud, over which the strangling cord is hung up. Should he, however, fail to j strangle his sister, he is despised. When a woman is about to be strangled, she is made to kneel down, and the cord (a strip of native cloth] is put around her neck. She is then told to expel her breath as long as possible, and when she can en? dure no longer, to stretch out her hands as a signal, whereupon the cord is tight? ened, and soon all is over. It is believed that if this direction be followed, insen? sibility ensues immediatly on the tight? ening of the cord, whereas if inhalation has taken place there is an interval of suffering.?Chambers' Journal. The Bottom Out.?Now we have a story of Mr. Neff, residing near Alex? andria, Huntington county, Pa., who re? cently, by attempting to draw water, found his well dry. On descending to investigate, it was related that he was astounded do discover that the bottom had actually fallen out of the well, and, in short the well proved to be the en? trance to an immense cave, stretching miles and miles in every direction.? Stalagmites and stalactites of magnificent gorgeousness lent beauty aud varie :y to tbe otherwise tomb-like scene. Here and there a flowing stream of water rippled over stony beds, while thousands and thousands of bats fluttered their clammy wings surprised at the intrusion of man. Petrified sea-shells of a hundred varieties strewed the floors and protruded from the strata. Among other things, it is said, valuable deposits of metallic ores were discovered, which, with all the rest of the ingenious narative, we hope may prove true, and much to the material wealth of the country. Secrets of the Printing Office. i Printers have never, we think, received due appreciation for the houorable con \ fidence which they have preserved in re? gard to the secrets with which they have necessarily been entrusted. Such a case as this often happens. An article in a newspaper or magazine makes what is called a "sensation." It is entirely anon? ymous, and public curiosity is excited to the utmost to discover the name of its author. The writer may be a Cabinet minister, a high official, a courtier/or any of the thousands and one persons who, if he were suspected of writing for the press, would at once lose his position, his office ?perhaps his reputation. On the other hands, the writer may be a struggling author, a,hard'working journalist, or a mere literary amateur. In any case his secret is preserved; his anonymity is safe as long as it is confided to the printers. Some years ago there was a great stir made about a book entitled "Ecce Homo." It was a clever work, and had an unex? ampled success. "Who is the'author?" was the question on everybody's lips. Some scores of persons were named, and they repudiated their participation in it. All sorts of conjectures were hazarded, and no doubt large sums have been paid by several conductors of journals for au? thentic information as to the name of the author. Yet that name was known to a master printer, his overseer, and at least some of the compositors, but it was nev? er revealed: When the name was pub? lished, it was not through the instrumen? tality of the printers, but entirely inde endent of them. They had faithfully ept their secrets. Going back a few years, the authorship of the "Waverly Novels" may be referr? ed to as a remarkable incident of litera? ry history. Sir Walter Scott's author? ship, although known by twenty persons, including a number of printers, was so well concealed that the great novelist could not, even in his matchless vocabu? lary, find words of praise sufficient to express the sense of his grateful acknowl? edgement and wondering admiration for the matchless fidelity with which the mystery had been preserved. There is another species of secrecy? that relating to the careful supervision of confidential public documents, bo^-cs printed for secret societies, and the authorship of articles or pamphlets, as already referred to, which has been most honorably maintained. When treaties are prematurely published in newspapers the copy is obtained from some leaky or venal official, and not from any of the printers who set up or work the original. A case of this kind occured a year or two ago, wherein a convention between this country and another power was revealed to one of the evening newspapers. In the foreign office, at Whitehall, there is a regular staff of printers always at work, and if these men liked they might let out secrets of the most momentous kind, any one of which would, perhaps, in these days of journalistic competition, be worth a few hundred pounds. But such a. de? reliction of duty has never yet occurred; it was a clerk, and not a compositor, who betrayed his trust. Most honorble to the profession is the story of Harding, the printer who brave? ly bore imprisonment rather than reveal the aathorship of the celebrated "Dra? pier" letters. The printer sat in his cell, calmly refusing the entreaties of his friends to divulge the name of the wri? ter, Dean Swift, a Church magnate and a great wit, who dressed himself in disguise of a low Irish peasant, and sat by listen ening to the noble refusal and tender im? portunities, only anxious that no word or glance ftom the unfortunate printer should reveal the secret. Swift was bent solely upon securing his own safety at the expense of the printer; he cowered before the legal danger which Harding boldly confronted. The world has une? qually allotted the meed of fame to the two combatants. The wit and the printer both fought the battle for the liberty of the press, until the sense of an outraged community released the typographer from the peril so nobly encountered. Iu thousands of other instances similar fidelity has been exhibited. In short, it is part of the professional honor of a prin? ter not to disclose, either wantonly or from venal motives, the secrets of any office in which he is employed. There is also the allegiance which prin? ters pay to their chief, in not divulging important intelligence. In some cases a compositor is necessarily entrusted with an item of news which would be negotia? ble immediately, and worth pounds to him. Seldom or ever is there betrayal of trust in this way. The examination papers, printed so extensively in London, are of the most tremendous importance to certain classes, who would pay almost any sum to obtain the roughest proof the night before. An instance of this kind occurred quite recently. A printer was "got at," and promised a considerable amount of money for a rough proof. What was his course of action? He simply informed the authorities, and the tempter was punished. It was another and a creditable example of how well and honorably kept are the secrets of the printing office.?London Printer and Sta~ tioner. Intellect in Brutes.?A late num? ber of "Nature" furnishes the follow? ing evidence of intellect in brutes: \ correspondent has a well bred cat, whica never steals food, even when placed in her way?never partaking unless express permission is given. This cat has a kit? ten, less refined than herself, which takes after its other parent, a half wild cat of the neighborhood. One cold morning she was quietly resting herself by a open fire? place, near which was placed a plate of cooked fish to be kept warm for the fam? ily breakfast. The kitten, smelling the savory morsel, was seen to approach the plate with evident intent to steal a break? fast. The mother cat was observed to manifest her displeasure by an angry growl at his offspring, which, not being properly heeded, was immediately fol? lowed by a smart blow with her p?w up? on the chest of the kitten with force suf? ficient to overturn it. On recovering its balance the little creature, with a hu? miliated air, quietly retired to auother part of the room. Another correspon? dent in the same issue of the periodical named has a cat, a great pet of the house? hold, upon the back of which some high? ly inflammable oil was accidentlyspilled. A short time after, when near the fire, a cinder suddenly set poor pussy's back ablaze. The creature, with more intelli? gence than would be manifested by many of the human-kind, made a rush thro'- h the open door for a wateringtrough, which stood some three hundred feet distant, in? to which she plunged, and from which she as rapidly clambered, shook the drip? ping water from her sides and paws, and then trotted gently back to her quiet cor? ner by the fire. Puss was accustomed to see fire upon the hearth extinguished by water every night. A few doses of Shriner's Indian vermi? fuge, given in time, may save you many dollars in money and the life of your child. ? Having traveled around the world, Grant returned to take a trip up Salt river