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by e. b. mueeay & co. . _ - - GEN. GARY'S POSITION. ?Hin Speech Before the Edge field Demo? cratic Convention. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Con-, vention: I am at all times ready to re? spond to any call from the Democracy of this State. The ties that should hind us together are greater and should be stronger than those of ordinary party as? sociations. With os it is not only a con? test for the enactment of a favorite meas? ure or the adoption of a particular prin? ciple, but it is a struggle to preserve the civilization of our race. It was from such an appreciation of the Democracy of this State that I, in obedience to the unanimous voice of the Convention and from a sense of duty that I owed to the county and State, accepted the leadership of the Democracy of this county in the campaign of 1876. Before that year our party had been invariably defeated, but after bur exciting and brilliant campaign we won a grand victory. As your State Senator I have advo? cated the policy of white supremacy, and the principles of Straightout Democracy, as received from Jefferson, Madison and Jackson, the great leaders of the party. . I opposed the secession of the Demo? cratic Senators from the Senate, against the wishes of the leaders of the party, on the ground that such a step would be in violation of the Constitution of the State, would be revolutionary, and would be in effect to throw away th* fruits of our splendid victory at the ballot-box. Time has vindicated the wisdom of those of us who refused to recede, and thereby j saved the State from lapsing again under Radical rule. I favored a restoration of the usury laws in order to protect the poor and needy from the unlimited usury of the money; lenders. I opposed the amend?! meut to the Constitution which levied annually not less than two mills on the dollar for educational purposes, as being without precedent, in conflict with other j portions of the State Constitution, and against the spirit and letter of the Con? stitution of the United States, and for the further reason that this iniquitous measure was conceived by the leaders of the Radical party. I strenuously opposed the education of the children of the whites and blacks in the same schools and colleges. I favored the passage of the act that prohibited the intermarriage of the whites and blacks. I approved the passage of the act that gave to the Governor the right to not. pros, indictments found against Radical violators of the law. I was in favor of "putting into the hands of every honest man a whip to lash the rascals naked through the world." I opposed the pay of either the prin? cipal or interest of the fraudulent bonds issued during the eight years of Radical rule in this State. I favored, retrench? ment and reform in all the offices of the State. I advocated the election of new judges, and the throwing ont of office all judges who held office under a Radical administration. I advocated the reduc? tion of county and State taxes within five milts on the dollar. I am satisfied that a prudent and economical administration of the finances of the State will reduce our present enormous taxes, which are about one per cent, on $120,551.624, the amount of the present taxable property of the State. Before the war the aggre? gate taxable property of the State was $532,580,552. Our taxes then for State and county purposes were from three to four mills on the dollar. The valuation of property ander the present Radical system is an unjust, unequal and a ficti? tious one; the value given to property by the auditors is not upon the present standard of the value of the property, but it is referred back to what it was worth before the war, and is usually val? ued at twice the amount it will Bell for in open market.at the present time. The practical Operation of this system is to cause the taxpayers of the State to pay about twenty-four mills on the dollar in? stead of eleven and three-quarter mills, the amount of the tax imposed for the county by the last General Assembly. The system has driven capital out of the State,* and has prevented capital from coming into the State. This is a dread? ful and oppressive evil upon the poor taxpayer, for the last analysis of taxes makes those who cultivate the soil pay the taxes of the Government. This hid' den and insidious system of taxation can bnt alarm all who are acquainted with the laws that should regulate taxes, for they can but see that it will absorb the property of the taxpayers and ruin every interest of the State. Within the last three years the shrinkage in the value of the taxable property of the State has been about fifteen millions of dollars. Unless a proper and wise remedy is ap? plied, it will continue to decrease in this jwprecedented manner. Instead of put? ting men who cannot manage their own small finances successfully in charge of the finances of the State, you must place practical, level-headed men in the Gen? eral Assembly, who will be able to solve this vexed and important question of tax? ation. If a man cannot manage his own business successfully, you may rest satis? fied that he cannot comprehend or man? age the aggregate business of the people of this State. In my capacity as State Senator I have labored for all these measures, and I have met with opposition in the party and out of it. Some of the measures that I have opposed were the pet meas? ures of the Radical party, and they were boldly and eagerly advocated by these . men, who are known as the Fusion element in the Democratic party. The question of Straightout Democ? racy is to be fought again in this cam? paign ; the battle of 1876 is to be re? newed. It will be the great issue of the canvass. If the Straightout policy and Sarty should fail, the civilization of this t?te will be again imperilled, peace and prosperity will be unknown, the great agricultural and commercial industries will become paralyzed, and a gloom will again settle upon us, and the dark shadow of misfortune will envelope the entire State. The Iliad of woes that will flow from it cannot be enumerated or an? ticipated; our Women and men will again bemoan the Radical rule that will ruin and desolate the country. Tbe names of some of the Fusion lead? ers of 1876 have been put forward by the Press of the State for the highest offices of the State, and the choice will again have to be made in the convention of the party or by the primaries of the party between the advocates of Straightout Democracy and Fusion Democracy. In the August convention of 1876 the Straightout party, after defeating the Fusioniats before the convention, in a spirit of fairness and generosity endeav? ored to divide equally the State offices between the two wings of the party.? The result has been that, although the State whs in 1876 and in 1878 in favor of the Straightout policy by a large major? ity of the electors, we have had during all that time a Fusion Administration, and these same men who were ready to run on Chamberlain's ticket in 1876, who did run on the Democratic ticket in 1876 1878, arc again eager for a third term of office in 1880. Do they waut every office ? Is there not some way of satis tying their greed for office? Was one of them ever known to decline any office ? In placing them in power the Straight out leaders made a great mistake, for there is no gratitude in politics. It is said that Gen. Jackson, the greatest of Democratic leaders, applied to party suc? cess the military maxim, "To tbc victor belongs the spoils." If we had followed this maxim the State would have been in better condition, and there would have been greater unity and harmony in the party. Parties are organized by voluntary as? sociation of the members for the purpose of carrying out certain measures and principles. They are not organized for the advancement to office of individuals or certain families. The door must be left wide open to all, and not shut in the face of the most humble and obscure. It must not become the theatre for the grat fication of personal likes or dislikes. The true test should be usefulness and fidelity to the party. We are now on the very eve of a great State and National campaign ; one that will test the great question of self-gov? ernment, and will put to the test the wis? dom, the energy and the pluck of the National Democracy. Are we prepared for the contest? There is no disguising the fact that there is not that harmony in the party as to State and National politics that should exist amongst our leaders. The action of certain leaders has been to declare that they and not the people should rule the party. They as? sert the spirit of autocracy, and the peo? ple reassert the principles of Democracy. The autocratic and aristocratic leaders will be driven to the wall whenever the issue is made up between them and the masses of the people. They will then find out that this is a Government of the people, by the people, and for the people. The rule of the aristocratic oligarchy who governed this State for the last one hundred years is at an end. The parish system of representation has been abol? ished. The Bank of the State, the great fiscal agent through which the taxpayers of the State were robbed by these aristo? cratic leaders before the war, is an insti? tution of the past. The South Carolina College has been or will be opened upon a different basis; it will no longer be supported by taxing the poor roan to ed? ucate the rich man's sons; it will be open alike to the rich and poor white youths, free of charge. The policies, measures and principles of these "rule or ruin" leaders will never be fastened again upon the people of this State. Look, by way of contrast, at the or? ganization of the Republican parly, with a well defined platform, in which the principles of the party are clearly enun? ciated, wi.h no fusion plank in it, no ad? mixture of Democratic and Republican Erinciples, with a well defined policy on nance, with harmony amongst the lead? ers, and with a touch of the elbow of the rank and file of the party, with a great captain foreshadowed as their leader, with the right to send United States mar? shals to every election precinct, backed by the United States troops, with the re? cent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, which declares that judges, commissioners and managers of election, where candidates for National offices are voted for, are subject to indict? ment and trial in the United Slates Courts where partisan Radical judges preside and prostitute the law for party purposes. This is all done despite the tenets of the Democratic party, despite the theory of local self-government or the doctrine of State rights. It is a party with the purse and sword in their hands, and a party who are avowedly ready to use one or both to secure, main? tain and perpetuate their party in power. This startling picture of power and the sinews of party should cause our most wreckless autocratic leaders to pause and consider their line of action, and our most selfish office-seekers to in? quire, Are there not others as well quali? fied as themselves to hold office? In my four years' service in the State Senate I have had to expose those who were high in office, who had banded to? gether to rob the taxpayers by compell? ing them to recognize and pay the $3,608,717 of those bonds that were fraudulent. I have bad to point to the "bond rings" organized to secure pay? ment, dollar for dollar, for fraudulent bonds bought at ten cents on the dollar ; to break up, as far as I could, their ras? cally schemes to rob the people of their scanty sustenance. I have had to oppose the placing upon the Bench of men charged with bribery and corruption, to the exclusion of some of the ablest and purest lawyers of our State. I have had to oppose the turning loose upon our so? ciety the thieves and robbers who de? spoiled our State. The fallacious maxim that universal amnesty was the highest statesmanship is demonstrated to have been not only au error, "tJut a criminal mistake?a grievous wrong to our people. It is said that two-thirds of the members of the recent Radical Convention which met in Columbia were men who had been granted an amnesty-pardon, or who had figured prominently in the reports of the committee on frauds. To compound a felony is against the ancient common law of the land. If these guilty men had been consigned to the State Penitentiary, where they properly belonged, there would not have been a corporal's guard of the Radical party left in this State. My unrelenting opposition to profes? sional and unscrupulous politicians has naturally caused them to antagonize me in every possible manner in the party. I was gagged in 1878, for fear that I would tell what I knew of their bribery and corruption. I can only look to the pure, patriotic and manly element of the Dem? ocratic masses to sustain my course and to vindicate ray record. During the whole terra of my service as Senator I have from time to time been the subject of harsh criticism and unblushing slan? ders. I have borne the criticism with indifference, and refuted again and again their lying and malicious slanders. At one time I was charged as beintr, about to join tfie Radical party, and this vile slander was at once echoed in this county by those who have nursed their personal animosities to keep them warm, and who under cover of political opposition have Siven currency to such unfounded slan ers. Recently they have charged me with having declared that I intended to run as an Independent candidate for Governor. This slander is in keeping with the one that I intended to join the Republican party. It is as fal.se as the rest. I have never announced myself as a candidate for the office of Governor. I have said that it was an office that I would not seek, and that I had rather be politically right than to be Governor of the State; and I repeat again this senti? ment. I have always recognized the fact that the majority should rule as being a part of the Democratic creed, and appli? cable alike to the action of conventions and the result of Democratic primaries, and I pledge myself to abide their action. The recent statement that I was the au? thor or in any way connected with the race for the municipal offices of this town, which turned upon the question of whiskey licenses, is also utterly and en? tirely false. I have hitherto announced that I was willing to retire at any time from public life, if by so doing I could secure the success of the Democratic party, and I am ready to do so to-day. I have never served the party for the sake of office. I trust that I shall never descend to so low a plane of action. In conclusion, fellow-citizens, I avail myself of this opportunity to make a formal avowal that I will under no cir? cumstances become a candidate for re? election to the office of State Senator. My plan of life, my personal interests and my professional duties alike forbid my becoming a professional politician. I thank you as the representatives of the Democratic party, aod through you all of its members, for the past honors the party has conferred upon me, the highest that the county could give. I have endeavored to show my appreciation of this mark of your high trust, by a bold, conscientious and consistent advo? cacy of those measures and principles which I believed would be for the best interest of the people of this county and of the State of South Carolina. I trust in the coming campaign that the Straightout banner of Democracy will be again unfurled, that the Red Shirt men to a man will fall into line and rally under the old flag, and that by a conservative and united effort you will excel your proud records in the cam? paigns of 1876 and 1878, and that when the campaign of 1880 shall close, that the plume of old Edgefield will be waving again in the van, and that her sister counties will with one accord proclaim her Primus inter Pares. Another Veto. Washington, May 4. The President to-day signed the Army Appropriation bill and returned the De? ficiency bill to the House with the fol? lowing veto message: To the House of Representatives: After mature consideration of the bill entitled "an Act making appropriations to supply certain deficiencies in appro? priations for the service of the Govern? ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1880, and for other purposes," I return it to the House of Representatives in which it originated, with my objections to its passage. The bill appropriates about eight millions of dollars. Over six hun? dred thousand dollars is for fees of United States Marshals and of general and spe? cial deputy marshals, earned during the current fiscal year, and their incidental expenses. The appropriations made in the bill are needed to carry on the oper? ations of the Government, and to fulfill its obligations for the payment of money long since due to its officers, for services and expenses essential to the execution of their duties under the laws of the United States. The necessity for these appro? priations is so urgent, and they have been already so long delayed, that if the bill before me contained no permanent or general legislation unconnected with these appropriations it would receive my prompt approval. It contains, however, a provision which materially changes ; and, by implication, defeates the impor? tant parts of the laws for the regulation of United States elections. These laws have for several years past been the Bub ject of vehement political controversy, and have been denounced as unnecessary, oppressive and unconstitutional. On the other hand, it has been maintained with equal zeal and earnestness that the election laws are indispensable to fair and lawful elections, and clearly warran? ted by the Constitution. Under these circumstances, to attempt in an appro? priation bill, a modification or repeal of these laws, is to annex the condition to the passage of needed and proper appro? priation, which tends to deprive the Ex? ecutive of that equal and independent exercise of discretion and judgment, which the Constitution contemplated.? The objection to the bill, therefore, to which I respectfully ask your attention, is that it gives a marked and deliberate sanction, attended by no circumstances of pressing necessity to a questionable, and as I am clearly of the opinion, dan? gerous practice of tacking upon appro? priation bills general and permanent leg? islation. This practice opens wide the door to hasty, inconsiderate and sinister legisla? tion. It invites attacks upon indepen? dent and constitutional powers of the Executive, by providing an easy and ef? fective way of constraing executive dis? cretion. Although of late this practice has been resorted to by all political par? ties, when clothed with power, it did not prevail until forty years afier the adoption of tho Constitution, and it is confidently believed that it is condemned by the enlightened judgment of the country. The States which have adopted new constitutions during the last quarter of a century have generally provided reme? dies for this evil. Many of them have enacted that no law shall contain more than one subject which shall be plainly expressed in its title. The Constitutions of more than half of the States contain substantially this provision or some other of like intent and meaning. The public welfare will be promoted in many ways by a return to the early practice of the Government, and to the true rule ot leg? islation which is that every measure should stand upon its own merits. I am firmly convinced that appropriation bills ought not to contain any legislation not relative to the application or expenditure of money thereby appropriated, and that by strict adherence to this principle, important and much needed reform will be accomplished. Placing my objection to the bill on this feature of its framing, I forbear any comment upon the impor? tant, general and permanent legislation, which it contains, as matters for specific and independent consideration. [Signed], R?therford B. Hayes. Executive Mansion, May 4th, 18S0. Why Grant Voted for Buchanan. ?I never was a Democrat. My father was an old line Whig?he spoke and wrote a good deal on politics?and I had enough confidence in his judgment to adopt his views when I was young, and I never felt like joining the Democratic party. But I did vote for Buchanan. Not because I was a Democrat or because I believed in Buchanan, but to vote against Fremont. I saw the war coming at that time?it seemed to me it was bound to come, and I did not believe Fremont would be equal to the occasion. This is the way I looked at it?if Buchan? an should be elected the South wouldn't have any reason to break loose during his term, and when the four years should pass the right man might be found to meet the emergency. It came out very much as I thoughfit would. I think if Fremont had been elected, the trouble would have come sooner, and he would have been the wrong man to meet it. So I voted for Buchanan. That was the first vote I ever cast for President, and the last. When Lincoln rau the first time I hadn't been in Illinois long enough to vote, and when he ran the second time I went for Lee. ? Senator Beck, ex-Chief Justice Lindsey, Governor Blackburn, and other prominent Kentuckians, are opposed to the nomination of Mr. Tilden. TWO MEN ACCIDENTALLY KILLED. Mr. Thomas P. Tiller, of Hart County, Gn., Loses His Lifo by a Falling Timber. Ilartwcll {Ua.) Sun. On Sunday morning last our commu? nity was much saddened by the intelli? gence that Mr. Thomas P. Tiller had died on the previous night from injuries re? ceived the preceding afternoon. The particulars of the sad occurrer"" so far as we are able to learn, are about as follows: On Saturday afternoon at 5 o'clock, Mr. Tiller was on the premises of Mr. J. W. Reynolds, about 4 miles south of this place, assisting in the erection of an outhouse. He, together with the other workmen, was endeavoring to raise a plate, 22 feet in length and made of green pine timber, to its proper place on the building, when by accident it fell, striking him heavily in the breast and knocking him violently backward to the ground. The plate struck him first in the breast, then ranging downward, in? flicting, it is supposed, some internal in? juries. Medical aid was immediately sum? moned, but nothing could be done for him that would alleviate his suffering, and at thirty minutes of one o'clock on Sunday morning, May 2d, he breathed his last. During the interval between the accident and his death he seemed conscious of all that was going on, but bis faculties were so benumbed that he spoke but few words. Mr. Tiller was in the 65th year of his age, and leaves a wife and five children to mourn an irre? parable loss. a colored max has his head crushed and neck dislocated by a falling tree, in hartwell. Creat consternation and excitement was caused in our town on last Saturday, about noon, by a shocking and fatal ac? cident, in the Bobo House yard. Mr. Bobo, with several hands, among whom was Sing Mantz, colored, was engaged in digging up a large mulberry tree, which stood on the proposed site of the new hotel. They had dug about a foot deep, cutting the surface roots, and had pre? pared skids with which to prize the tree over. A very large dug-out trough lay immediately across the ground where they wished to throw the tree. This Mr. Bobo did not wish broken. So all hands took hold of the trough, with their backs to the tree, and commenced rolling it. Just at this juncture, without any premo? nition, the tree noiselessly but swiftly fell, coming down upon poor "ng Mantz's head, crushing it into a mangled mass upon the trough. One of the large limbs bruised Mr. Bobo slightly, but it was a miraculous escape as he stood between the narrow fork of two huge limbs, and shoulder to shoulder with Sing Mantz. Mr. Bobo yelled out at once for assistance, and only five men under .he intense ex? citement lifted the tree from the unfortu? nate colored man. Wo doubt if ten men could have lifted it under ordinary cir? cumstances. But Sing Mantz's spirit had fled, arid thus in the twinkling of an eye was a soul ushered into eternity.? No blame can be attached to anybody. It was an accident that no one could foresee. They thought they had but fairly commenced the job, but the tree had no sign of a tap root, which was contrary to all reasonable expectation, and consequently when the surface roots were cut, the lap being large and full of foliage, it required but a breath of air to throw it over. Much sympathy was ex? pressed by our good people for the un? fortunate man and his family. A strange fatality seems to have pursued Sing in connection with trees, as he was badly crippled by one before the war. He leaves a wife and six children. A Settler's Thrilling- Escape from In? dians. Just below Kenawha Falls, in West Virginia, writes a correspondent of the Louisville Courkr-Journal, is an over? hanging rock of immense size jutting out about one hundred feet over the seething whirlpool, and about the same height above. This was once the scene of a re? markable adventure. The Indians were in hot pursuit of a man named Van Bib? ber, a settler and a man of distinction in those early times. He was hard pressed, and all access to the river below and above being cut off he was driven to this jutting rock, which proved to be the jumping off place for him. He stood on the rock in full view of the enemy above and below, who yelled like de? mons at the certainty of his speedy cap? ture. He stood up boldly, and with his rifle kept them at bay. As he stood there be looked across the river?saw hi3 friends?his wife with her babe in her arms, all helpless to render him assistance. They stood as if petrified with terror and amazement. She cried at the top of her voice: "Leap into the river and meet me!" Laying her babe on the grass, she seized the oars and sprang into the skiff alone. As she neared the middle of the river, her hus? band Baw the Indians coming in full force and yelling like demons. "Wife, wife," ho screamed, "I'm coming; drop down a little lower." With this, he sprang from his crag and descended like an arrow into the water, feet foremost. The wife rested on her oars a moment to see him rise to the surface, the little canoe floating like a cork, bobbing about on the boiling flood. It was an awful moment-; it seemed like an age to her; would he ever rise ? Her earnest gaze seemed to penetrate the depths of the water, and she darted her boat farther down the stream. He rose near her. In a moment the canoe was alongside of him, and she helped him to scramble into it amid a Bhower of arrows aod shot that the baffled Indians poured into them. The daring wife did not speak a word; her husband was more dead than alive, and all depended on her strength being maintained till they could reach the bank. This they did, just where she had started, right where the babe was still lying, crowing and laughing. The men pulled the skiff high up on the sand, and the wife slowly arose and helped to lift Van Bibber to his feet. He could not walk, but she laid him down beside his babe, and then, seatinrr herself, she wept wildly, just as any other woman would have done un? der the circumstances. The babe is now a grandfather, and that rock is called "Van Bibber's Rock" to this day. Timely Caution.?Genuine Hop Bitters are put up in square paneled, amber-colored bottles, with white label on one side printed in black letters, and green hop cluster, and on the other side yellow paper with red letters ; revenue stamp over the cork. This is the only form in which genuine Hop Bitters are put up, and the sole right to make, sell and use them is granted to the Hop Bit? ters M'fg Co., of Rochester N. Y., and Toronto, Out., by patents, copyright and trademark. All others put up in any other way or by any one else, claiming to be like it or pretending to contain hop?, by whatever names they may be called, arc bogus and unfit for use, and only put up to sell and cheat the people on the credit and popularity of Hop Bit? ters. The Whittaker Mystery. Some contradictions in Cadet Whitta ker's account of the West Point "out? rage" are worthy of note. Whittaker said on the next day after the outrage that he was awaked by a man "jumping i right on" him in his bed; he looked 1 sharp and saw three men, two tall and j one short, and all masked; he fought, j but was choked until "almost suffocated" i (no marks on his throat.) He was struck "a heavy.blow on the left temple" (no marks there); also "on the nose" (no physical evidence of it), with "something hard," presumably the same thing for both blows; and the man who hit him "shouted" that they would kill him if he made a noise. Then they cut his ears with what he thought was a knife."? Then they tied his feet. All this had happened on the bed iu the first narra? tive. "Then they tied my feet and my hands with strips of white crossbelts and laid me on the floor with my feet toward the bed in the little alcove you see there and my head toward the wall. Next they tied my feet to the iron bedstead." He asked them to put a pillow under his head. They did this and went away quietly, and when they were gone ho tried to gnaw the straps from his hands, but could not (were the hands marked with teeth?); shouted, but not very loud, and then laid down and remained three hours "in a stupor from blows recived." His stupor was thin at both ends.? He heard his tormentors when they went away, for he says he was afraid to call out last they should return, and he beard Cadet Burnett in the morning and did not answer, because he thought it was turn of his tormentors. It seems odd that though he heard Burnett's voice he did not bear the reveille. To Dr. Alex? ander Whittaker said that one of the men "hit him with that Indian club," and that he was also hit on the nose, and "I knew nothing more until you found me." He received by this account two blows, oue on the nose and one on the left temple, in one account "with some? thing hard," in another with the club. In his testimony four days later he said he was hit on the head with a looking glass, and the looking glass is in fact found broken; also that he was hit "with a fist." He says, "I was struck twice; the first blow was on my forehead; I think it was the blow of a fist, but it may have been an instrument." He explic? itly states on each occasion that he was < struck twice. In his testimony he says the blow on bis forehead was with a fist or club, and this may be the same blow that he refers to elsewhete as delivered on the "left temple" though the left temple is not the forehead. Consequent? ly the blow on his nose mus thave been the one given with the looking glass, though he says explicitly in bis testimony that they nit him "on the head" with the look? ing glass. Perhaps an intelligent cadet may confound his forehead with his left temple, but not to know his nose from his head would be a great reproach to the instruction given at West Point, and not to be able to distinguish between a blow from a fist and a blow from an Indian club is at least creditable to the fist. But from some one of these two blows, delivered in about four places with at least three weapons, he became uncon? scious and "knew no more" till next day. It could hardly have been the blow with the looking glass that did this if he has the lititural cranium of bis raee. Yet whatever other hurt he received was given before the ears were cut, before the hair was cut, before he was put on the floor, before his feet were tied?for alf that time he says he fought. It is strange that Whittaker was not able to untie the bands on his feet. There is not a vigorous human creature (fat men expected) who, with only his ankles and his wrists tied, and he on his back, could not so bend his body as to have nearly the full use of his hands for operation on knots tied at his ankles ; and Whittaker had a light. It is unfortunate also that he has the details of his story a little mixed; that he gives the order of the incidents differently in his testimony and in his first narrative ; because any con? fusion like this clouds the operations of investigators, and it would be a great shame to the government service if all its authorities together, including the Exe? cutive and a grand jury, fail to discover the real culprit or culprits.?Ncio York Herald. All About the Big City. Very few people have a very definite idea of the size of New York city. The home of 1,250,000 persons?the probable population of to-day?is rather a large place. The city is sixteen miles long and four and a half miles broad at the broadest point. The area is fort3'-one and a half square mileB; or 26,560 acres. Of this, a little more than half is on Manhattan Island; tbat is, the Island measures twenty-two square miles, a lit over 14,000 acres. There are some 15,000 colored people, mostly mixed. The city has about 400 churches, with seating ca I pacity of about 250,000 iu the aggregate. There are about fifteen public parks, fourteen public libraries and twenty-four theatres. Central Park is the largest, and contains 840 acres, within which have been plauted some 500,000 trees, shrubs and vines. There are statutes or busts of Shaksneare, Sir Walter Scott, Schiller, Humboldt, Mazzini, Morse, Webster and Halleck; and that of Col? umbus is in keeping in the arsenal build? ing within tho park. There are three lines of elevated railroad running through the city, the main direction of which is north and Bouth. The faro is ten cents, except for two hours in the evening, when it is half that. There are twenty-four lines of horse cars and eight branches, making thirty-two routes; of which twenty-one are up and down town. The fares are three, five, ?ix and eight cents; all except three being five. There are four, lines of omnibuses; tare five cents; Eating houses arc almost innu? merable as to number and infinite as to variety. They rango from Delmonico's, which is high-toned, up to the verge of princely extravagance, down to the filthiest free lunch counter in "Nigger Town," on Thompson street; and be? tween these there are restaurants cafes, chop houses, oyster saloons, pen? ny |restaurants, fifteen cent restaurants, dairies, coffee and cake saloons, Europe? an plan dining rooms, hash houses, and bo on and so on, down till memory fails to recall the names and one's gorge rises at the nauseous recollection. Beer is very much drunk. Two years ago the local breweries turned out 3,000,000 bar? rels a year, and do more now, while the quantity consumed is largely in excess of that manufactured. Probably 5,000,000 barrels of lager bear are consumed yearly in this city of Gotham. The price is five cents a glass everywhere. Bock bier is in season at this time, and will be on hand for a week or two. The custom is uni? versal of serving this for a short period every spring.?Cortair, in Columbia Mer? cury. ? "Silence in the court 1" thundered a judicial Dogberry the other morning; "a half-dozen men have been convicted already without the Court'B having been able to hear a word of tho testimony!" Bishop Simpson and the South. The general impressions which I re? ceived upon this trip were of a pleasant and favorable character. 1. I am satisfied that the South is grad? ually but surely improving financially; business is reviving, and every indica? tion points to a period of financial ease and comfort. This revival of business has tended to soften and smooth some of the asperities which have heretofore ex? isted. The people are more contended and more happy. The commercial in? tercourse between the North and tbo South, constantly increasing, people know each other better, and find less cause for unkindncss and complaint. 2. While political difficulties have ex? isted, and do still exist, it is evident to me that a day of greater safety and of more expression of opinion is rapidly approaching. I conversed freely with our intelligent colored ministers, and I did not hear from any one of them any expression of apprehension of danger in his work. The only fears which, I think, need to be entertained are by those whose influence is supposed to be exerted in political directions. Our white minis? ters are greatly disliked by some because they are supposed to exercise a strong influence over a portion of the colored population. Those who are unscrupu? lous towards the colored people?as some there are in every community, either mal rr ating them personally, or defrauding '?u?m of the wages for their labor?re? gard our ministers with aversion, as be? ing the friends and protectors of the col? ored race. In South Carolina the color? ed population is largely in excess of the whites, and were elections conducted fairly, their vote would always out num? ber the votes of the whites; but, by various processes, the most of which ate under color of law, this vote is so counted that the colored influence is greatly di? minished, if 'not destroyed. But as time wears away, as sectional differences shall cease, as local issues shall rise on which the colored people, as well as the white people, shall be divided, there will probably be an opportunity giver for a fuller and freer expression of senti? ment at the polls. While I deplore all wrong-doing, and while I sympathize deeply with those who have suffered, yet I can not bul; think it is almost a miracle that even so much of quiet, good order, and kindly feeling prevails so soon after the total revolution which occurred in Southern society. Anti-slavery as I always wasi from early youth, had my friend asked, me twenty years ago to express my ut? most wish for the colored people, J should not have dared to ask for as much advancement.as has been made. Thai: a race, comprising four millions, should be changed at once from slaves to citi? zens, and should be granted, ont only the right to vote, but also to sit as repre? sentatives in the State Legislatures and in Congress, and yet dwell in the midst of their former masters, I should have thought would occasion convulsions of the most terrible kind. To me it is a matter of surprise that, at this compara? tively early day after such a revolution, so little friction exists. It would have been impossible but for the general Christain sentiment of the people, and for the influence of the calming and con? trolling power of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. To-day there is more emnity between the landholders and ruling por? tion of Ireland and its peasantry, though so many years have passed away since the union with the British crown, than there is between the former slaveholders and the emancipated slaves. While I write thus, however, I see there is great, room still for improvement, and years will probably pass before there is that pro? tection of individual rights, and that scru? pulous regard for the interests of the colored people which ought to prevail. Skins, Money.?How were the men to be brought together who wanted each other's articles? How was the farmer to find a tailor who would give him a coat in exchange for a sheep or a sack of corn ? How was he to get furniture from an upholsterer with a calf or a load of hay? The progress of human life would have been brought to a dead-lock. Vil? lage life on a petty Bcale, upon the sys? tem of things made to order, would have been the inevitable fate of human beings. Some contrivance was imperiously called for to clear away the difficulty, aud thus it happened that money was invented. It made its appearance at the very origin of the human race; savages bethought themselves of furs or skins to make trade, the exchange of goods possible. Their instinct revealed to them the principle of money, the principle of all instruments of exchange. They saw that the only way to get over the perplexity was to se? lect some article which every one should be willing to take in exchange for the goods which ho had to sell, and then with it to buy those particular things which he required for the supply of his wants. The path for trade was instantly cleared for the whole human race.? Money was found forever in the form of that primitive period?skins. Its essence and action were discovered for all time. Furs acted as an interposed commodity, as a go-between?between what a seller parted with and what he obtained in re? turn?and this has been the nature of all money down to this very hour. The skins so employed were instruments for exchanging goods and nothing else; and so are sovereigns and dollars and every form of money. The mighty machinery of division of employments was at once brought within the reach of the human race. Progress in civilization was made possible. The hatter and the shoemaker could make hats and shoes for the whole town. The grocer could pile up stores in his shop forpll. The manufacturer could weave cloth for the whole community. They all relied, and their confidence was not deceived, on their goods being bought with money, whatever that money hap? pened to be, and on their being able in return to procure with it whatever they required. And here it was that consent came in for money, and still continues to come in. All the hunters took skins for their money by agreement; no law or force compelled them. The skins came naturally into use as convenient for all. And so it is now. No law forces any shopkeeper to sell his goods for coin. He may prefer barter. He may affix a leg of mutton as the price of one article, a pair of boots as that of another. But he consents to take sovereigns and shill? ings, and what he does every one else does too. So, also, does the government of the nation. It selects its form of moucy at its own pleasure, and every la? borer and merchant adopts it. ? "My friends," said the political speaker, with the burst of ingenuous eloquence, "I will be honest?" There were a large number of neighbors pres? ent, and the terrific outburst of applause which followed this remark entirely up? set the point which the orator was about to introduce. ? A writer on style says: "It is the fashion in France for ladies to take tea in their bonnets and gloves." One ob? jection to this is that some of the bonnets do not hold much more than a small lump of sugar. How a Married Woman Goes to Sleep. There is an article going the rounds en? titled, "How Girls Go to Sleep." The manner in which they go to sleep, accord? ing to the article, can't hold a caudle to the way a married woman goes to sleep. Instead of thinking of what she should have attended to before going to bei, she thinks of it afterward. While she is re? volving these matters in her mind, and while snugly tucked in bed, the old man is scratching his legs in front of the fire, and wondering how he will pay the next, month's rent. Suddenly she says: "James, did you lock the door?" "Which door?" "Tne cellar door," says she. "No," says James. "Well, you'd better go down and lock it, for I heard some one in the back yard last night." Accordingly, James paddles down stairs and locks the door. About the time James returns and is going to get iuto bed, she remarks: "Did you shut the stair door?" "No," says James. "Well, if it is not shut the cat will get up into the bed-room." "Let her come up, then," says James, ill-naturedly "My goodness, no 1" returns the wife, "she'd suck the baby's breath 1" Then James paddles down stairs again, and steps on a tack, and closes the stair door, and curses the cat, and returns to the bed-room. Just as he begins to climb into his couch his wife observes: "I forgot to bring up some water. Suppose you bring some in the big tin." Aud so James, with a muttered curse, goes down into the dark kitchen, and falls over a chair, and rasps all the tin? ware off the wall, in search of the "big" tin, and then he jerked the stair door open and howls: "Where the deuce are the matches?" She gives him minute directions where to find the matches, and adds that she would rather go and get the water her? self than have the neighborhood raised about it. After which James finds the matches, procures the water, comes up stairs, and plunges into bed. Presently his wife says: "James, let's have an understanding about money ..matters. Now, next week I've got to pay"? "I don't know what you've got to pay, and I don't care," shouts James, as he lurches around and jams his face against the wall; "all I want is to go to sleep." "That's all very well for you," snaps his wife, as she pulls the covers vicious? ly, "you never think of the worry and trouble I have. And there's Aramenta, who I believe is taking the measles." "Let her take 'em," says James, stick? ing his legs out as straight as two ram? rods. "It seems to me you have no sense or feeling," whines bis wife, "and if you had any respect for me you wouldn't eat onions before you come to bed. The at? mosphere of the room from the smell of onions is horrid." "Well, go down and sleep in the kitch? en, then, and let me alone," says James. Hereupon she begins to cry softly, but about tho time James is falling into a gentle doze she punches him in the ribs with her elbow, and says: "Did you hear that scandal about Mrs. Jonea?" "What Jones?" says James, sleepily. "Why, Mrs. Jones." "Where?" inquires James. "I declare," says bis wife, "you are getting more stupid every day. You know Mrs. Jones that lives at No 21. Well, day before yesterday, Susan Smith told Mrs. Thompson that Sam Baker had said that Mrs. Jones had"? Here she pauses and listens. James is snoring in profound slumber. With a sort of rage she pulls all the covers off him, wraps herself up in them and lays awake until 2 a. m., thinking how badly abused she is. And that is the way a married woman goes to sleep. A Negro's Eloquence.?The Dallas (Texas) Times recites the details of a case that certainly presents some of the most remarkable features known in the history of jurisprudence in this country. This occurred at Waxahachie during the last term of the Ellis County District Court. A colored man was indicted for entering into a conspiracy to murder. He was brought on trial, the evidence was strong, and, in spite of the good fight made in his defence by his attorney, he was convicted. A motion for a new trial was made, and the Judge, seeing that no error of law was made, and believing the evidence sufficient, promptly overruled the motion. When the prisoners were brought in to be sentenced, this negro was among them. When asked if he had anything to say why sentence should not be passed upon him, he said he knew anything he might say would have no weight with the court, as all the forms of law had been complied with, and. he must go to the Penitentiary, but that be had something to say for the benefit of his colored friends, and, with the per? mission of the court, he would make a few remarks. The court told him that he would listen. The negro started off slowly and deliberately, reviewing the testimony, showing the inconsistencies of witnesses' statements, and then, carried aw::y with" the idea of the wrong done him, he burst forth in a strain of elo auence seldom heard. When he sat own the Judge said: "Sain, I thought you guilty ; I don't believe so now, and will set aside the judgment overruling your motion for a new trial and give you another chance." So eloquently had the negro presented his case that the County Attorney dismissed the case, and the prisoner walked out of the court room a free man. This is the first case in Texas, at least, where a man brought up to be sentenced was ever turned loose. Every pereon present says that the effort was the finest one ever heard. The negro is uneducated and a common field-hand. To Our Girls?Now that you are being courted, you think, of course, it is all very well, and that it will be nicer when you get married. But it won't. He thinks he's going to keep on this high pitch of love all the time. But he won't. He doesn't know himself and you don't know him. It can't last. It must cool down. When he sees you as many times a day as he wants to and maybe more, when he sees your head done up regularly every morning in curl papers and the bloom i3 all off the rye, when your home contains a good deal of wash tub, cradle and cook-stoves, he won't stand for one hour in front of the house out in the cold watching the light in your window. He'll be thinking rather, of getting out of the house. Young woman, protect this courtship as long as you can. Let well enough alone. A courtship in hand is worth two marriages in the bush. Don't marry till Christmas after next.?N. Y. Graphic. ? "You just bet your boots, we're a cultured crowd," is what a Cincinnati belle said to her male friend in reply to his interrogatory assertion that "there is much refinement and culture in your city, I have observed." Havana Lepers. A matter which, from its peculiar hor? ror, I am not likely readily to forget, was a visit made to the Hospital de San Laz aro, at Havana, the home of the lepers. This ancient and terrible disease finds many victims among the low-caste Cu? bans and the poverty-stricken Chinese, though it reaches its gaunt fingers into better society sometimes. Leprosy is either inherited or induced by poor food, and especially by the eating of stale fish. It seems to be a fish-eater's disease; in fact, seldom prevailing at any great dis? tance from the sea. Leprosy, .as seen in the West Indies, is simply a dry rot. The soul of a man is imprisoned in his body long after he is, to all intents and purposes, dead, and, with all his mental faculties intact, he must endure the gradual falling apart of his earthly tene? ment, awaiting with what philosophy he may the hour when the cancerous agent shall touch a vital point. This may not occur for many years; it may happen on the morrow. The traditions of the hos? pital do not point to any individual case of cure whereby the patient may gain ever so faint a hope. It might well be inscribed over the portal: "Let those who enter here leave all hope behind." There were five of us in the party which drove out through the hot streets towards the forbidding suburb facing the sea?Dr. Burgess, an American resident physician and United States sanitary officer; an invalid doctor from Hartford, and three journalists. Sau Lazaro is located just where, in a more modern city, we might look for a big and prospe? rous hotel. It looks out across a few low houses upon the fair prospect of the har? bor's mouth, and the sea seuds its unfet terred waves straight in from the north? ward, dashiug up the spray almost to its walls. The place was founded by a phi? lanthropic Spaniard within a trifle of 200 years ago, and was restored in 1878. A liberal bequest of neighboring property has always afforded an ample revenue for its support, but within a short time the government has converted a portion of its property, and, as one of the officials of the institution remarked, matters were "not so good." In form the hospital is a large quadrangle, centeriug upon a chapel. A high wall divides the wards of the men and the women. We entered the male department first. The leading peculiarity of the first patients met loit? ering in the corridors was a clay-like ap? pearance of the skin and a depression or caving in of the nasal portion of the face. The nostrils and lobes of the ear were globular and boles were formed over the eye-brows. The voices of the men were nearly all changed, sounding indistinct and painful. Patients were bidden to approach, who hobbled to us upon the stumps of limbs long since robbed by the process of disease, of feet and ankles, and they held out for our inspection mis? erable remnants of arms, shriveled, warped and decayed, and yet these arms found cunning enough to grasp and re? move hats from matted heads of hair when we tendered a few bits of Spanish currency. We saw in these lower corridors per? haps forty men. Some were new comers, upon whom the disease had put but few marks as yet. Others were almost ready to go to the hopeless ward above, where we presently climbed. Here, upon beds in a double row, were the vestiges of what had once been men?corpses which breathed in speechless agony through the long week, and which yet clung to life as though even under these conditions it was sweet to exist. Tattered drapings hung from these breathing skeletons, whose every pose was the attitude of de? spair. No picture of Dore's illustrative of the Inferno could overdraw a scene like this. Enough of this. It was with great relief that we walked across a pleasant garden, planted with bananas and figs, and entered the woman's ward, under the guidance of a fat devout mother superior. All respect to her and her staff of nuns, who labor here among the hopeless, pointing their fainting steps upward and slaving through the heat of years to alleviate the sufferings of those with whom they are appointed to live. The scenes amid the women were but a repetition of those across the rectangle. A few were telling their beads, some sewed, and all were neat in person and surroundings to the last degree. r A bright little boy ran toward us with an orange in either hand. He was the pet of the hospital. His mother was an inmate far gone with the disease. He was not yet old enough to know the fate that awaits him. What a pity this bright little chap is not taken as a subject for scientific ex? periment. Can it not be that there exists some means of driving'out the venom and building up the system of the un? happy progeny of lepers with healthy tissues ??Havana Letter to the New York Times._^_ How to be Miserable-Sit by the window and look over the way to your neighbor's excellent mansion which he hai recently built, and paid for, and pit? ted out, saying: "Oh that I was a rich m?.n I" Get angry with your neighbor, and think you have not a friend in the world. Shed a tear or two, and take a walk in the burial ground, continually say? ing to yourself: "When shall I be buried here?" Sign a note for a friend, and never for? get your kindness, and every hour in the day whisper to yourself: "I wonder if he will ever pay that note ?" Think everybody means to cheat you. Closely examine every bill you take, and doubt its being genuine until you have put the owner to a great deal of trouble. Put confidence in nobody, and believe every one you trade with to be a rogue. Never accommodate if you can possi? bly help it. Never visit the sick or af? flicted, and never give a farthing, to assist the poor. Buy as cheap as you can, and screw down to the lowest cent. Grind the faces and hearts of the unfortunate. Brood over your misfortunes, your lack of talents, and believe at no distant day you will come to want. Let the work house be ever in your mind, with all the horrors of distress and poverty. Follow these recipes strictly, and you will be miserable to your heart's content ?if we may so speak?sick at heart and at variance with tne world. Nothing will cheer or encourage you?nothing throw a gleam of sunshine or a ray of warmth in? to your heart. A Woman on the Stump.?In the recent election in England some la? dies took part in the canvass. At Here? ford, Lady Elizabeth Biddulph addressed an immense audience as follows: "Gen? tlemen, these are election times, and un? common times, and we arc at present al? lowed to do things we don't do at other times; so I will make that my excuse for addressing you, and will make you a little speech. Mr. Biddulphjcan not be here to-day, but.iljam here as his wife and representative, and I ?ask youjfo put him at the head of the poll, and make him a happy man^and meja|happy woman. He has your interests at heart, and no? body loves the country more than Mr. Biddulph, I declare to you." Her lady? ship sat down amid vociferous cheering.