The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, August 01, 1878, Image 1
BY E. B. MURRAY & CO.
ANDERSON, S. C., THURSO A i, JUNE 27, 1878.
VOL. XIII- NO. 60.
rtATBS, OF 8VB8ORJPT10N.-r?qW Sh\LXJiti
ann Vtvft ?jur? par anuura, in *5rl*c9. . Two
DofXAsI ul' ot"v of year. HETMTY-FIV? CEJCTB
for ?Ix tuontbs. ? , , .
Subscriptions ate not taken for ft leas forlod
th?n xl* month*. . " " j? ,
BATB* OF ADVHRTI8INQ.-On? Dollar per1
square ol one inch for the Ant Insertion,?nd V?fty
Cants per square for subsequent lnscrtionsless than
tiireo mouths. Ko advertisements couuleless
(Usu a bouaro. ...
Ubers!coutracts wlllbe made withtho^wUhJne
fco advertise for. tb reo, als or t weiro months. Ad
vertising by contract must be confined to tho ltn
modlato business of tho firm or Individual contrae
Obiuiaiy Notices exceeding five lines, Tributes
'Of itespcot, and all personal communication or
matters of individual interest, will be chaifV for
'at advertising rates. Announcements of wartages
nnd deaths, and notices of? religious character, aro
respectfully solicited, and wilt bo Inserted yatla
FARMING AND THE SCIENCE*! I
Editor Anderson Inidlujencer :
Several indications have recoutly Up
come prominent to show that the 8tudjy
of thc Sciences is becoming a necessify
foriour people, especially those of theijp
who have a more intimate connection
with farming. - I
I wish to have a familiar talk s Uli my
brother farmers, and show them, if i
can,- how perfectly dependent ever,/|
farmer is upon tho knowledge of tin1
Sciences by Bo.uebody who can make
that kncwlcdge known ; and how impos-l
aiblo it is for fanning to make progresa)
without tho knowledgo in somebody of)
the lawa whl ifc a kind Creator has pro
vided for the benofit of his creature*.
To ahow iu a familiar way how com
pletely dependent mankind is for their
livinj . on somebody knowing and ex
plaining the Sciences, I assort this, and
defy contradiction, that a man who does
not use that knowledgo derived from
those Jaws bf God called Sciences, cannot
perform ono single act, except talking,
that a horse cannot do. Ho can without
science draw his breath and eat euch
fruit as God has made grow wild. Thin
being a fact, I am anxious to dull the
edge of that prejudice which many good
farmers have even of talking on the
subject of the Sciences, by making it so
plnin that any one who can read will
understand mo.
First, then, what is the meaning of
the word Scionce? The word itself sim
ply meatis "to know." But it has been
further applied to a collection of the
lending truths relating to any of the
laws of God, properly arranged and sys
tematized. Thus: Tho leading truths
relating to that law of God which treats
of the internal structure I of the earth,
its various conten tn, ita various elements,
put there for food for plants and trees,
all arranged and systematized, ia called
the Science of Geometry. Tho leading
truths of that law which treats of the
properties of mineral substances, all ar
ranged and systematized, is called the
Science of Mineralogy. Tho leading
truths relating to that law which treats
of all mattera calculated by figures, and
of whatever can be measured and num
bered, all arranged and systematized, is
called tho Science of - Mathematics.
Arithmetic, Geometry, Algebra, &c, are
branches of this. .. The Science of Chem
istry has for ita object to discover the
nature and properties of all bodies,
which is done by decomposition and
combination. By it tho elements of food
which ?ny plant has taken, from tho soil
can be exactly ascertained, and by it tbe
soil can be analized, and whatever food
it has. for plants can be also discovered.
It would seem that every farmer must
see how important this knowledge of
this Science would be to farmers. Men
who have studied the lawa relating to
Geometry and Chemistry tell usthf>.?Gou
bas placed in the Boil fourteen elements
or ingredients for food for plants. Now,
if a farmer can bo told what the corn he
plants takes up by Us roots, and also ex
t.ctly what the soil ho plants tho corn in
has of the . food the corn wants, then
when he knows what tho soil lacks,.ho
will know what to apply.
Hydrology is the Science which ar
rangea and systematizes all the proper
ties and laws which are contained in and
govern water. Mechanics is that soienco
which investigates tho forces by which
al. bodies aro to bo kept still or put in
motion, and put in a particular form or
ahapo. Tho .powers which it uses are
the Idver, pulley, screw,'axle, inclined
plano and wedge. Botany ia tho science
which treats of the structure of planta,
the function of their parts, the latitude
in which they grow, and their classifica
tion and names. Metallurgy io more of
an art than a science, and comprehends
tho whole procesa of separating the ore
from other matten?, and smelting and re
fining the meta). Natural History ar
ranges and systematizes a description of
the earth and all its productions, and in
cludes Zoology, Botany, Geology, Miner
alogy and uah culturo*
The foregoing contains a description
?,of those Sciences.which have a more in
timate bearing on the advancement ol
Scientific Agriculture, and by which all
farmlntr - ohnratlnni? ara ^owlaJ on, in
many cases the farmer not being aware
of it, as I,Will now proceed to illustrate ;
Snpp'csf a beginner to commence farm
ing. Hojmust havo laud, and that clear
ed aud fenced, a horse and plow ready
? for "fork/ Now, think how many of these
Schncesi must be known by somebody
before the plow can be started. To make
. the irani God han modo a law there should
bo placed in the earth the oro of iron ; s
raiacrsiegbt then first finds the ore;
then chemistry must find the composl
tion ipt will make a crucible to statu
beat enough to melt the ore ; tho metal
.* lufgiA must bo at hand to smelt and
separate the oro from earthy and othei
mattera; then mathematica must ahovi
how?the machinery must be made to beal
it ?ito bara ; then the scionce <5f me
chuica muet Bhow how to ahape lt intx
"a inWahare, and mathematica muai
a*in how lo make the atock to suit th<
pjpw. Hero, then, somebody must knott
tils whole array of' sciences before J
r&w can be made and started to work
? ad still more of them must be koowr,
?fore a fence or a house can .be built
flion get your eora aeed and start U
?,_? . u/i.ere at? y .vi i tn nat tn groin
fn the ground or on top ? Ask the geo!
LrM ?ud ue t,lu y?a that aU lho cl*
/menu which God has made for food fa
f plants are placed in the soil. Thet
I there ia another law that talla os tba
f God na? given to eeod a vitality tba
/ when placed in tho ground and bavt
J moisture and heat? will aend o0* wt
to keep weeda and grasa down and stir
tho soil raako corn grow. Well, when
you hsve corn ripe and shelled and sent
to mill. Here you have to cult on math
ematica to mafcp tbe gearing, on hydraul
ics to tell you the nature and power of
water for the wheels, on mechanics to
execute the work, and on mineralogy to
tell you the right kind of rock lo moke
the mill-stones. Thia ia not all yet.
Before you can make the meal into
bread there Ls the mineralogist to find
the oro, tho chemist to compound a prop
er crucible to melt it, tho metallurgist to I
smelt it, mathematica to prepare a foucV
dry, and mechanics to make tho oven tl
bake your bread. Now, you will perl
reive that each one of these sciences is a]
?decree which God has made and partic
ularly adapted to a designed end ; and
Its they are all intended for our instruc
tion and benefit, it would ree m that
pery farmer would bo bf.nefitted just in
proportion to his knowledge of them,
t1 do not wish to be understood, how
euer, as intending to say that all these
sconces must bo understood before a man
op rais?- corn or cotton. No, there is a
I gnat deal wo learn from observation and
[ ctjerienco. This is a valuable part of a
farr.cr's knowledge. The soil so varies
in cur county you cannot find any two
adjdning farms, with soil exactly alike,
ana even in every singlo farm thero is
som! red land, some sandy, and may be
sont bottom. Here each funner must
lean by observation and experience
whfc kind of land is best suited to a
pariiular crop. Then ho must learn by
triritvhat kind of plow is best suited to
his toil, and each kind of plant, how
often and when to plow, and how to suit
his ftr.rk so as to adapt it to the seasons.
Wogarn, 'oo, by woeful experience that
if yat plant corn in the same field for a
longEtme, without putting back the food
tho fen has taken out, tho product gets
and poorer, and the corn will
pr?t?? much all rot. AU these things
and Suny more might bo mentioned
which must be learned by observation
nonce. AB I montioncd nbovo,
tell us that our kind Creator
in the earth fourteen elements
for plants, and that every plant
a must take up its proportion
one of these elements or the
reduces will not- germinate. ?
'elements tho lime, sulphur, pot
esia, phosphorus, &c, as these
are named. Now, our ohser
1 convince us that if we kee^.
dipper after d'pper of water
UH pail, we rall come to the j
time, DO if we continue" to
he same field and put nothing
he plant has taken out, that
in time become not worth
Different plants feed on dif
ents-that is, they take differ
ion*, some more of ono and
ht" Observation has taught
?wc plant that same field in
grain it will do better, and
ve learned that rotation in
rili keep our land in better j
say. Here science and our
act together. Still, it won't
all the time satisfied with
ing we have got. Wo must
if we expect to improve
Hold fast to what we have
study to get moro..
card that a man made 200
ern to the acre, another two
n, another made 43 bushels
ho acre. These are exam
D aim at ; and to ?nieceed we
9 find out how they did it,
se, not forgetting that the
we become with tho lawe
'has made for our use, the I
rill be ablo to realise their
and
seien
has
as fe
that
of ev
seed I
mean
ash,
eleme
vatio
liftin
from
DQttOI
plant
back t
field
plan ti
feront
ont pr
lesa o'
us taut
some o|
thus w
our ero
heart,
observa
do to B
what 1
make p
in farai
learned,
Web
bush MS
bales of
of when'
plea for
must stu
and do 1
more in
our Gre
bettor
benefit.
In wb
to try an
of the n
humbug,
generali
progress
which a
lute and i
Now,
said bas
give you
boldt's
will questi
oay n : "Til
part in t
monts, and
of natural
tlc of m
among who
ciated by olt
libly see th
in prop?rtio
strengthene
general influ
If by xvii a
dice to seien
people shall
and the ene
in any dr ?ree
exertion
where scicnti
to all, then I
and oven mo
lave said my object is first
btise tho minds of farmers
that scientific farming is a
next to encourage a belief
the only true way to make
tiing is to study tho laws
Creator has made to regu
vc the growth of all plants.1
?ow you that what I have
vise'man to back it, I will
extract from Von Hum
, whose authority no ofte I
fiat reids his works. Ho |
glues ?hieb take noactive j
g?nerai industrial move
file choke find preparation
nces.lpr in the applies*
?cs anti chemistry,' abd ]
this activity is not appro
ve* ef society, will infal
prosperikr diminish, just 1
it adjoining States become j
lad invigorated under the j
? of artsind sciences.1
i have writcn the preju
agriculSue among our
my degrk bo softened,
of our iWisI atora shall
quicken!! to increased
provide al institution
' tgriculturlcan be taught
havogaStod as much,
Otan I. haft hoped for.
'p u ft
is the timo
we glvo
preparing
TQMATO CA
;t.r enjoying
the following
it for Ubi?
skinned to
vinegar, one
a pound ol
ounce of cloves
sugar. Boil th'
barning. When]
fine or coarse eli
tight for usa. Ml
gay IQ thia prepar
ti ty can be made ?j'u-ing i
lion of tho materlr"
As there issomltrouble in^klnninr:
the tomatoes, theyfcay be merckrnasbed
before comaencinitbe boilio^In this
ease it ie beat to Biffa twice, S& with ft
Miera? cloth, end
THE CHARLESTON COUPON CASES.
CHARLESTON, July 19,1878.
Editor Ander ton Intelligencer :
.When I determined to reply to your
first article upon thia subject, I had
neither the desire nor tho intention to
enter ?nt o a prolonged controversy with
you. Such cor'roversiea nre of little
practical benefit, the good they accom
plish is seldom sufficient compensation
for the bad temper they so frequently
excite.
I must, however, ask your indulgence
again, in order to enlarge oomowhat up
on several of thc points submitted in my
formercommunication. I If repeat myself,
I do so with the desire to impress and
bring out moro clearly those ideas, which,
[as I infer from y^ur reply, I have pre
viously failed to make sufficiently ex
V.icit.
I Before proceeding, however, permit
rte to say that I do not think your for
nnl introduction of me in your reply,
wrhin the limits of, or necessary to
icetimato comment on what I had writ
ten It leads to the inferenco that
Messrs. Lord and Inglesby, were in some
way concerned in my action in this mat
ter.! It is but justice to these gentlemen
tha^I should state that they were in tui
tiro ignorance of my having written to
you,wntil the paper containing ray com
munication was placed in their hands by
mo. iNor aro my viewB to bo regarded as
in an) way "semi-official." If there bo
any rlsurdity or lack of logical certainty
in them, I alone am to bo charged there
with. .What was written concerning tho
proceedings in question, ?B a matter of
publier record and discussion in open
court, knowledge of which does not de
pend urun the/peculiarity of my position.
That yea should havo called attention to
that posnion was, as I have said, not ne
cessary tj) this discussion : hl!t. T dry nnf
regret your having done so, inasmuch ss
you thu give me the opportunity to state
that you r conclusion in tho premises is
err?neo' s, and enable meto fix the whole
respons: iility of my letter upon myself,
where i properly and only belongs.
The f tat point to which I would again
call you i attention, is that tho cases un
der disc ission were not "rushed to trial
beforo Jadge Mackey."
I aga! s answer your aiiegaron that
they we 3, by stating that it was to
satisfy t e Stace that these cases were
not trice before Judge Wallace. The
Attorne, -General came to Charleston
during t >at term, and earnestly urged aa
a mattenof convenience to him and the
other colnsel with him, that the filing of
the retu n should not be then insisted
on. It ' ras after the most earnest resis
tance cn'.the part of tho counsel for thc
bondholders, that the delay asked for
was graued ; and then only upon the
promise if the Attorney-General that the
Relators ikould not lose that terni of the
court. Ino bondholders and their coun
sel, it wqnld therefore appear, not only
would ijave been willing, but were in
fact very, desirous that their cases should
be argued beforo a judge whose views
were not known, abd at a time anterior
to the ori anization of the special court.
The retu n was not filed during that
term, an the cases were again'continued
for the r ason already stated.
It BUM y must be clear to you now
that Jud ;o Mackey heard the argument
simply ii the course of the business of
his tern, Judging from their previous
conduct, it ia evident that tho relatora
would lu ve pressed for a trial, at every
term of c ie court until some judgo would
be found willing to grant it. They had a
right, pe feet and unaffected to do so,
and not a can reasonably question it.
Tho seco id point and one to which J ask
special at icntion, is that the investigation
of the co ipona, and consequently of tho
bonds co lld have been had before Judge
Mackey 5 s well as it can be had- beforo
tho spec al com t. Juries could have
been emt innelled in the Circuit Court ;
commissi ma could have issued therefrom
for the i lamination of witnesses in r.ny
part of t io country, and' all other re
quisites c mid have been provided there
j for as thc rough a sifting of the actings
and doin: s of the officers who issued the
consolide ion bonds and of the nature of
I the eecu rities, given in exchange for
them, aa un oe had under the omnipo
tent, omi scient, and omnipresent regis
of the cot rt of claims. The investigation
of the cot \fons is the investigation of the
bonds to \ hieb thoy respectfully belong ;
and the State could thus have been
saved the expenso necessary lo tho main
tenance c I a special court. The bond
holders lid not avoid such an inquiry
into their bonds. There was nothing in
the reme y which they adopted which
__j_I t?. TI- _ --i ~e ?t..
?/?w.uuw?a aw 4H nm, 14vs pm? vi fut?
scheme, 11 "harass the State," ruin . her
finances, and cast contempt up
on her extraordinary court, which
with BM much magnanimity you
ascribe * to them, that they
should d >dge tho investigation of their
claims, ly their conduct they showed
that they Hood thon, as doubtless they
stand nc fr. ready to go to trial ?n?ib
every auction of fraud in these claims,,
and lo asi st in furnishing a statement of
facts for i ie Supremo Court as full and
complete is any that can go np from tho
court of < laims.
The St Ac itself declined the investiga
in the Ci tail', Court. In atead of a re
turn whii ti would hare made its defenco
certain a d capable of analysis, it made
no directWlcgation of facts constituting
frahdft, ail Instead contented itself with
a general allegation which waa not a
proper d fence in auch an action, and
which did not open the way for tho ox.
nminatior of any direct <md positive is
sue. I v* reminded that fraud vitiates
every tra ?action, and U ia ?aid that I
must mt ly be acquainted with that
I maxim. Ido know it, but I koo* totf
tba. ?quity will riot declare void a con
tract on tho ground of fraud, where nc
fraud has been proved or attempted to
bo proved. I do know that ho who holds
! a coupon bond, having about it all the
semblance of a good and valid security,
canuot bo deprived of its benefit by the
bare, naked unsupported charge of fraud,
and I also know that it was no defence
to this action to allege the institution of
another court, for tho trial of the issues,
when it was not even pretended that tho
Circuit Court was thereby deprived of
jurisdiction. I know ail this, and it
would bo a matter of astonishment to me
if I should discover that tho INTELLI
GENCER did uot know ii.
The INTELLIGENCER acorn* to imagine
that I take the ground that these bonds
should be paid and their coupons received
for taxes, without any investigation, and
without regard to whether they bo fr&u:
dulcnt or not. Now I wUh it to bo dis
distinctly understood that I assume no
su'?h position. What I did say was that
theso bondholders had a perfect right to
instituto the30 proceedings; that they
were proceedings which had been sanc
tioned by centuries of continued usage ;
that their conduct was not unpatriotic,
because tho proceedings were instituted
when they had no otner remedy, and
that having begun thence, they had a
right to continue them, when they found
the new remedy incapable of giving the
relief which they had been Bceking, I
am quite as much in favor of an investi
gation of the bonds as the -INTELLIGEN
CEE can possibly be, and tho point I spe
cially made, and again urge, is that the
investigation could have been had in the
Circuit Court, and that tho bondholders
were entirely willing that it should have
been had there. I do not wish the State
to pay fraudulent bonds, but what I insist
on is that tho bondholders had a right to
resort to an old remedy which bas served
in hundreds of emergencies Of the same
nature as thc present ; and I protest with
earnestness against the creation of a sen
timent in opposition to their right, and
which holds good citizens forth to thc
community, as wanting in patriotis.?!,
and as injuring the State. They injure
the Stato far more who advocate the crea
tion of a new tribunal, for the trial ol
Buch cases. They declare to the. worlc1
that South Carolina has established
courts, and filled their benches, for th?
trial of controversies between her citizeni
and that abe will not submit to those
same courts, good enough for the citizens
tho adjudication of cases to which shi
is a party.
My letters upon this subject have beer
wiitten solely with the desire to corree
an erroneous impression, and in no spiri
of purposeless antagonism, and I shal
write no moro.
Having full confidence in tho impreg
nabb strength of my positions, I rest sa
tisfied that tho futuro history of thesi
bonds and of the State will be their mos
complete justification.
SIMEON HYDE, JR.
Management of Chickens,
Chickens require neither food or drinl
on the day on which they are hatched
Both aro injurious, as they interfere witl
the natural digestion of tbe yolk, whid
is absorbed into tho bowels nt the porioi
of hatching, and constitutes the firs
food. If grits, oat meal aud the like ar
r.pread before tho hen on the twenty-firs
day, she is induced to leave the nesl
the last-batched chickens are unable t
follow, and boing weakly, frequently pei
i'bh. If undisturbed, the hen ecluor
leaves the nest on the twenty-first daj
. while on the twenty-second day th
chickens will bo fonnd strong enough t
folio?? her. The plan of cramming pep
per corns or grains of barley down tn
throats of newly-batched chickens is es
ceedingly injurious. Tho best food fe
them ia sweet, coarse oatmeal, mixed ir
to a crumbly paste with milk, sud a coi
tain proportion of custard reade by bea
ing together an egg with two tabhspoot
fuis of milk, and "setting" it by a gent!
beat. Custard so made is eaten wit
avidity, and the chickens make rapi
progress upon it. Such a preparation j
far superior to the hard-boiled eggs i
often employed and which is not reliai
ed by tho chickens. Tho young birt
are also very fond of a little cold oa
meal porridgo ; milk is frequently usc
I to mix tho barley or oatmeal, but
j should bo remembered that it soon b
comes sour in summer, and is decide?
I !** :Tj".:r?GU; if ??TJ???/C? in tuai s vat
Nb more food, therefore, should be mi:
ed with milk than can be eaten in a fe
hours. Sopped bread Is by no meai
desirable, since it docs not appear to c
ford the necessary resistance to tho ns
ural grinding of the gizzard, and cons
quently the chickens soon becon
weakly and affected with diarrhea fro
its use. In order to satisfy the hung
of* the hen. which is ? usually very gre
when she leaves tho* nest, it is quite d
sirable to give ber as much grain as s!
can consume. Then, having satiated h
own appetite, and quenched her thin
which at this time is considerable, a'
will brood over her unfledged young ai
keep them at rest whilst they aro di gc;
ing the yelk that baa been absorbed it
before hatching. After the first few da
some whole grain, such as small t
wheat, or some barley, may be given
the young brood, and it will be found
be greatly relished, and doubtless aflbi
a wholesome exerciso for tho extraor
nary gt?adiug; ^ power of the pizza
Cui?k??iD nh vu ul ?Uber have a consti
Bupply of food, or bo fed at very sh<
intorvals. Tho first food should bo giv
at daybreak. With regard to ania
food, there is none equal to tho natu
supply of worms and insects obtained
the nen Vf hen she is at largo; sm
worms or a shovelful of mold, conta
lug an ant's nest, may bo given if !
chickens are in a confined situatioc, a
will be found far superior to boiled ?j
chopped seat, or any cscro ?rtificisi v.
atitute. Cooping, which is frequen
omployed to prevent the wanderings
hens with chickens, ia not desirable, a
though in many cases it ia a neceui
evil, yet not the lesa an evil.-Amerit
Cultivator.
- When kv man goes home at three
ta., scratches a square rod of plaster]
from the wall lo trying to strike a Iq
with1 a hail, throws it down in dbg
OUR FLORIDA CORRESPONDES CE.
From Anderson to Viona*. Through tho
Counti-y- Pleasure* and AnnoyiUic*-..ino* .
dent to tho Trip.
ALAFIA, FLA., June 20, 1878.
Editor Anderson Intelligencer:
In my last letter I took leave of you at
Mr. Henry Hill's, in Wilkes County,
Ga., promising to give you a continua
tion of our trip at another time, which I
will try and hurry through with, so as
not to tire you too much, though I be
lieve it is tho provinco of editors and
newspaper men io be bored !
We left Mr. Hill's Mouday morning,
the 18th of February, and moved on for
Washington, Ga., over some of tho worst
roads I ever saw, frequently up to our
axles in the mud, and sometimes leaving
*J>A4ircct road on account of places dc
scribecru,--^.^ j wag fearftjl of be?
unable to pass, tu^ ^ M look UQ,
reasonable to expect worst ? ; T
, , 1 some 1
had gono over.
We passed through Washington about
half hour beforo sunset with tho single
tree of my one-horse wagon so nearly
pulled in too ns to neces?itato a now one,
which I ordered made, and expect to go
back for, as I wish to drive beyond town
to some convenient place near a farm
house, for my lady and tho little boy
must havo a room, though tho others can
camplin fact, rather like it. HUB wo
find at Capt. J. T. Wingfield'e, two miles
beyond Washington from Anderson, aud
a sigh of relief escape us all as wo drive
up and aro told wo will be accommo
dated. Tho wagons aro driven undet
some largo oaks in Capt. W.'s yard about
dark. My lady is helped out and asked
into the house ; the boys unhitch thc
teams and prepare for camp, whilo I ride
back to W. with my old singletree anc
irons, that thero may bo no mn?? delaj
in getting off in tho morning than necea
sary. I regret ita being too late, and w<
too much hurried on account of our ac
cident, to eeo more than a passing glanci
of Washington. I had been there befon
on a visit, (beforo tho war,) and bad BCV
oral acquaintances, whom I should Uki
to seo-among them Dr. Andrews, who
it will be remembered, was stationei
awhile at Anderson Court House, durinj
tue war, on the examining board o
physicians. Rut it will be impossible t
do so, as our stages are necessarily ebor
and time too limited.
This morning, 19th, wo aro delayed ii
making a start until eleven o'clock, henc
make only about thirteen miles to-da}
over roads more cr less bad. I shout
not forget to mention tho kindness c
Capt. and Mrs. J. T. Wingfield, at . hos
house wo stopped last night, and wh
wero exceedingly kind to my lady an
us all, giving us a comfortable room wit
two beds and other conveniences, refm
ing buy renumeration therefor, and cs
pressing pleasure in being able to affor
us accommodation. These attention!
Mr. Editor, to a traveler and a strange
?B true hospitality, and was by me li ?ghi
appreciated.
We Btop to-night ?.t Mr. Moore's, (
forgot to get his first name,) about tn
miles beyond Little River, on which M
Mooro has merchant mills and saw mill
The character of the country throug
this section of Georgia is considorahl
broken but productive, which I judi,
principally from tho ?tubble on tho lani
as it is all cleared up into farms alor
the roads, and no timber growth to jude
from.
Mr. Moore and family, like all Geo
gians with whom we havo come in coi
tact, wore very kind to us, thc latter a
stating my lady in cooking our ratioi
and showing other little attentions th
We Btart thia morning, the 20th, f
WarrentOR, and drive about three- mil
beyond, to Mr. Culpeppors, without n
cident. Hero, wo aro offered our choi
of a room in the house or a uice, cleanl
scoured, vacant cabin in the lot wi
chimney-wood and pine convenient
and wo take tho latter. Mr. Culpopr.
is a paralytic, and, though not bed-ri
den, both bia physical and mental co
ditton give evidence of the inroad* of 1
disease. Mrs. O. and daughter come c
and sit with tis until bed time to-nlg
. '_i ?US- -- - ?1-O?-i *-J
-71- ..--Z -D) -~ - VOL., ~..MB^ US ?
some nico fried hain and biscuit and luj
bread to add to our lunch. Thia is vt
kind, and I should not forget to add tl
in nearly every case there kindnesses i
afforded ua without charge. True, I
ways offer to pay for them, but very t
dom will anything be received.
Leaving you for the present, Mr. E
tor, I will offer as an apology for
dullness of my letters] that I had lit
opportunity in coming on of observ
tba country. It was a chili and bli
Bcoson of thc year, nearly every <
housed, and though not a great deal
rain on us, very littlo sunshine, an
put down in my note book only such
tie incidents as occurred to us, that th
might know what to expect en route \
are induced to follow. Hope they r
be a little more interesting aa I advai
fiore anon. 0. H. ?
-Kate Southern is gratified. iia\
heard her keepers rilitlcd, aha?write
follows to the Savannah Newt: Bell
convict. I might expect the cold embi
of rattling chains, striped clothes, L
labor, coarse diet, and even the la
bnt not so in my case. I am put to ll
work, cutting and making convict clot
not ironed aa others, not draped
convict stripes ; have good aud wh
some dies EUCh aa my keepera have u
the family cabio ; no threats or the I?
no cooking for convicts, ant) no such tl
HUI regretting I had not bren' ht
Please, for the sake of a humiliated i
unfortunate woman, correct the rep
In circulation, so unjust to my dear kt
er?, and yon will receive the thank
one so injured and so disgraced.
Lead, Bismuth and '??nc aro immei
ly useful tn 'he industrial arts: and
HO?K ?B03T SIERRA. ?JE??IE. t!
. (T;
Freetown, a? i? |?le?MK?t Contrant to PU- g
nat Monrovia. rt
7 - ,~ *'
Cunstpontsnee New? and Qjurter. j,
XoNBOVXA. Juue 8,1873. t]
I sent lettersby tb? ?ail eteatner, which 0
towed us boro au*' ?tarted ou ita return n
to Sierra LOOP? before daylight this
morning. Ajf*veryuody doe? when writ
ing in hastj/* omitted several interest
ing poitits4Dou.t Sierra Leone. Ono of c
the prlrn<pal of these was what nearly J
everybody (morc?bame to them) is prone
to onytt, when neccessity compote Borne *
omission- ?
RELIGIOUS MATTERS.
Churches aro plentiful in and about J
Freetown. Tho first one noticed on ar ?
rival is St. George's Cathedral, whicb c
stands near the water Bide, and in a largo
structure apparently of steno, (I had no
opportunity of examining closely,) with ?
a tower and clock. It has that eubstan- 1
liai, solid look common to English
ecclesiastical edifices, (according to I
tho illustrated magazines,) which always 1
impress ono with tho feeling that their's <
is indeed an established church, able to 1
" "r^vd attncks from within and with- <
?? ?A*T* ""Y^Ungs ino-~^ivcs with- ?
stand tho assaults orwimi, weather nun- -
time. Over this presides an English I
clergyman. I met him in tho street and \
recognized him immediately. I had .
seen bim a thousand times before, in 1
pictures, in society dramas and elsewhere, <
cleanly shaven face, shovel hat, cravat,
coat and all. Ho bore his profession ali
i over him, and in this regard it seems as
I though the English rot, an examole ;
worthy of imitation by American ect'-?s
iastics, muny of whom seem to drops
with a view of concealing thoir voca
tion ns m'-'ch as possible It is as well
known fact that it is often impossible to
decido on sight whether a man is a min
ister of the Gospel or a sowing machine
agept. Those known as clergymen in
variably command respect from every
body, and it would be vory easy for them
to be always recognizable. I saw a some
what distinguished preacher once at a
secular meeting which he had opened
with prnynr. leaning ever the platform t
railing habited in a rough overcoat and 1
slouch bat, Btnoking a cjgar, and is nc
way distinguishable from Tom, Dick and
Harry, who similarly attired and unem
ployed, Bworo and talked smut all around
Lim, totally ignorant of who and what
he was. Besides tho cathedral there aro
twelve or moro church building in Sier
ra Leone of less architectural pretensions,
belonging to Methodists, Baptists, Pres
byterians, and other d?nominations. AU
of these, I was informed, aro attended
by congregations of fair numerical
?tr?ngth, composed, of course, of ibo
civilized and educated natives, with a
sprinkling in nearly all of Europeans or
their descendants. When I met tho
Euglish clergyman abovo alluded to,
he was apparently returning from
AN EXECUTION
which took place on Friday. The sub
ject of thc operation jv as a civilized na
tive, a member of a r rotes tant Church,
and a man of previously good character,
who bad arisen one night, killed one or
two porsons, and nearly backed the life
out of others. English courts have never
put faith in the temporary insanity busi
ness, and this interesting perBonago was
duly convicted, sentenced and hanged
without fuss, or feathers, He seemed
perfectly sane, and meue the usual
speech declaring bla assurance of heaven.
I heard one ola black woman remark
with manifestations of considerable dis
gust that she could'ut bo made to believe
that the murderer would go to sit down
with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob while
the murdered, cut off unwarned and an
Ercparcd, descended to tho pit of infinite
orrors. At least she tried to say that,
and it does seem as if there was aomo
reason in her remark. The execution
was witnessed by a crowd of about 1,600,
natives, Europeans, Mussulmans. Chris
tians and heathens, all of whom preser
ved tho utmost decorum throughout. In
tho courso of his remarks, just previous
to the falling of tho trap, the condemned
man warned his fellow natives that they
were standing in their own light, and in
juring themselves by tho disposition
shown by some of them to oppose Euro
pean influence. (Everything not pure na
tive African is called "European.") There
is some feeling of this se-t. but I don't
think it amounts to much, although I
heard one native of some promiucuuo
quoted as having said that he hated
everything with a drop of European blood
in it. Such cases, however, are proba
bly very rare. I really cannot see what
tho people have to complain of. They
aro
NOT HEAVILY TAXED, WELD GOVERNED,
protected, given enough to do. if they want
to work, their commerce trade encourag
ed and overy possible measure is ap
parently taken to insure their comfort
and welfare, spiritual and temporal. Be
sides all this they have that crowning
glory and blessing, tho privilege of abus
tog anybody and everybody as much as
they please, which is what I conceive to
\bo the real meaning and intent of thou*
Watch words which have passed about
the camp-fires of humbug from time im
memorial almost-"Free Speech and n
free Press". So, really, it does look as if
they ought to bc reasonably happy and
contented, and I think that they are. Of
course, they don't hang all of tho crimi
nals in Sierra Leono, hut they make
crime a rather serious business. About
tho town, in several places, I met gangs
of men, in blue and white striped suits,
bearing the word "Convict" across the
back ot tho shoulders in largo white let
ters. They were invariably at work at
something, and wero guarded. One
guard. I noticed, boro a "cat," which
[trobaoly helped to koop the prisoners
aboring. Among tho convicts I saw no
white man.
THE PUBLIC FOUNTAIN8.
Another feature of Sierra Leono which
I omitted mentioning is the public foun
tains or hydrants which stand oft the
corners in toveral places. (The idiots
who wrote tl.o English grammars have
failed tu show as ver. how you caa speak
of a number of "fountains," plural, com
posing a "feature," singular, and make a
smooth sentence. The fact is, I have
discovered that when a plural forms a
singular, tho effect is apt to be singular
- a - a - a - that is - the fact is
that exactly how plural fountains can be
made to form a singular feat uro is one of
those singular features of English gram
mar that no. feuloW can find ont. Thia is
a grammatical parenthesis, and may bo
pkippgd by the reader greatly to his owa
edification.) As I was going to say when
interrupted ?by the vision of som o five
thousand mnhonj. hoya end girls, aided,
abetted and incited by parents und teach
ers writing to criticise in? grammar,
these plural fountains form ' quite a. fea
ture, the effectof which Ia heightened by
the continual presence in abd ?bout
Hiern of swarms of half, seven-olahtln And
irice Cf-c?i day. I thiuk they guRorsHy
o in with their clothes (another En
Liah linguine idiotcy: why isn't there a
?gular singular for "clothes" to answer
ie*requirement* of people who wear on
T ono garment" ) on, and either remove
lem, or it. in tho water, or keep them,
r it, on? They, or it, do not, or dues
ot, 'suttor from wetting.
THE TORNADO.
Another feature is tho tornado, which
omes almost every day during too rainy
sinon, from May to October. It rises
way up in tho still mysterious interior
amewhore, and .comes sweeping down,
ametimea hardly stronger than a good
iud breeze, sometimes furiously, bring
ag a driving rain with it. It generally
?ata from a quarter to half ac nour, and
oohs tho atmosphere delightfully. "
TWO BURIAI.S. I
I ?r-kc in my last of the two deaths j
?hich occurred aboard while at Sierra
..cone. The two bodies were taken
shore and buried in consecrated ground,
icing each accompanied by a few monds,
t seems the very essence of tho "sarcasm
f fnto" that these poor creatures should
lave come thousands of mllc3 to Africa
inly to die in sight of its shores, sud find
heir graves in Us longed-for Boil. The
-amii ol au ?nudcrtaker charged ?0.12
about $28) ibr- tho tr.-o burials, which
vero as simple and plain aa could bo.
Seither of tho families of tho deceased
:ould rniBo tho $14 to pay their share,
md tho captain was obliged to advance it.
A VOTE OP TH ANKH.
Wc left Sierra Loone with Rome regret,
br wo were treated with great kindness
md consideration by everybody, and had
snjoyod tho abundance of fresh meats,
regotublcs and fruits, and the walks
t'omit tho streets, always full of anima
ion and buRtlo, intensely. Beside this,
?ve received there from everybody the
most discouraging reports of Monrovia.
[ interviewed several ex-Liberians, and
received the most unfavr.,.\blo accounts
af this country, in comparison with which
!,licy seemed to regard Sierra Leoue as an
..?arillly paradise. But wo had to come,
md wo came. I cannot close without
ngain speaking of tho kindsess expe
rienced from thu Governor, and from Mr.
Broadhurst, ibo American representa
tive, an Englishman.. It was unremit
ting, and displayed in a thousand ways,
and everybody aboard the Asor haB rea
son to be extremely grateful to those gen
tlemen. When I hnve gotten my bear
ings here a little, I will write what I
know about Liberia.
A. B. WILLIAMS.
Crop Review.
Tho New York Herald has telegrams
from ail portions of the country, and is
able, therefore, to give nu accurate aaa
thorough review of the growing crops.
Tho outlook is most satisfactory, and
everything promisea cheap bread in 1879.
There is now under plow in the United
States an area of not less than 60,000,
DOO acres, being a greater amount of
land under cultivatiou than ever before.
This land is principally planted in.
grain. Thero is an increase of 2,000,
000 acres planted in wheat over 1877.
Tho crop, moreover, is in a very prom
ising condition. Tho Coast States, Cali
fornia, Virginia, etc., with the exception
of Texas, Arkansas and Tennessee, show
a poor crop, but in ali the Central and
Western States, tho great wh^at growing
States of the Union, tho outlook is grana.
Kansan, it is thought, will lead off with
?5,000,000 bushels, tho largest wheat
srop by 60 por cent, ovor raised in any
3tato of the Union.
Most of the other Western States show
in increase, in tho expected wheat crop :
tu Wisconsin this incrcaso is estimated
it fully one sixth ; in Iowa, at one-fourth ;
in Minnesota at three-tenths; in Ne
braska, at four-tenths. Tho condition of
tho crops in these States is almost without
parallel. It ia estimated that this coun
try will raise between 890.000,000 and
420,000,000 bushels. Of this, 235,000,
D00 is needed for homo consumption,
46,000,000 for aeed, leaving a surplus of
from 110,000,000 to 140,000,000 bush
els for export.
The wheat crop of the rest of the
world this year is poor. Tho crop is a
failure in Germany. Belgium ana Hol
land : is behindhand in Franco, arid is
poor in India. We will, therefore, send
o. larger amount of wheat abroad this
yearinan usual. Itis impossible, how
ever, that we can nhlp os much as 140,
000.000 bushel?.
There are 60,000,000 acres of land
planted with corn. The crop, therefore,
will be larger than last year. The other
grains, barley and rye, are of small im
portance, but of these also the acreage
this year is larger than in 1877, and the
condition far superior.
Tobacco is the only staple that will
show an actual decrease in production
this year. The excessivo crop of last
year and the small prices paid discouraged;
the fanners, and the consequence ia a
decrease in the acreage planted in to-;
bacco.
With thia single exception, the crops
of 1878 will exceed those of any nr??i
om year in tne history of this country.
CHARLESTON'S TRADE WITH AFRICA..
-It gives us great pleasure to announce
the gratifying fact that, as ono of th? re
sults of tue Azor's eventful trip an order I
has been received by T, H. Hall A Co., of
Charleston, for InkJet, sashes, doors,
blinds, nails, and other material for tho
erection of a number of bouses at Mon
rovia. Thia order Was secured for
Charleston by our special correspon
dent, Mr. A. B. Williams, who certainly
lost no time in making known tho ad
vantages of this city a? the shipping port
for African trade.
Such material as is now to be sent out
to Monrovia has hitherto been bought in
England, and there ia no doubt that
Charleston can supply it moroch'japly,
while the cost of shipment will \<i lesa,1
Messrs. Hall & Co. have engaged freight
room on thc Azorf which veasol, accord
ing to the calculation of the Exodus Asso
ciation, may cross* the baran^dny, as she
w*5 ordered tc rcmaia nu mnger than
fifteen days at Monrovia. There is no
reason why tho Charleston merchants
and manufacturer.! should not send out
an assortment of samples by tho Azor,
and iu this way secure a foothold in a
new field. If the action of {h^News and
Oiurier, in sending Mr. Williams to
Liberia, shall cause tho emigrants, in fu
ture, to be property cared for, ana shall, ?
in addition, give to Charleston the Import j
and export of the "Black Republic,"- {
the work of tho News and Cbwux- will
have been richer in . substantial advanta
ge? than we could have ventured to hope.
*~~ It happened in dm wiso t They
Were coming off the steamer across tho'
plank together. She was afraid tho
plant would ?ip ap J.sh o should fall. .He
Muixo cub prfBUDts for ?4? rftittof piertAhy
ad feerewith append the rat?? tor tho H??y
lotte?, .which wUl ODJT bs icoortod V-. "O tbt
ooney cotaco with tbo order :
Citation?, two insertion*, - - - . -
E?Ut? Nolie?*, thro* inWTtlon?, - ? M*
yinal Settlement*, fi?? lowsrtton? ? - M9
TO <X>BJUtWtfosifT^*?r**t to rWfi
mention, tommuDlciiionr mu*t bo ?coo ra pm led
?y tb? tnl? atm* ab?, .*4d***? ?? thej*rit*s. Ke
ected mnnuscrh la will not bo returned,onie? th?
accessary ?tamp? ar. turn tabed to ro poy ibo pocUg .
'kJo^'w* are not totponsible tor th? views sad
)pinIon? of om eorrewndent*. _.
All communications should bo ?ridrOowd tV'Kd
Itor* Intelligencer," and all ehecb*, drano, nionoy
jnuT, dc, .bouia VB 8^BalWc?0^"
Anderson, 8.0.
Xl AS DOLPH OF ROANOKE.
Hte- JfertrjwnUn?ry Vigor ot a Vying Mon,
Of John Raudolph's eccentricity bia
tatest biographer, Mr. Boudin, tells many
curious instances. One of these con
corno the visit made by Col. T. 8. Flour
uey and. his father at Roanoke in the
year 1?29, Col. Flourney being then a
(ad. John Randolph's body servant
invited them into a bed-chamber, where
they found the brilliant Virginian ap
parently very itt..1 He said, in response
to Mr. Flourney'e inquiries, "John, I am
dying ; I shall not live through the
night." Col. Flourney odds: "My?s/der
informed bim that we were on our wary
to Halifax court. He requested ta to
say to the people on Monday, court day,
that he was no longer a enndidatcfor the
convention ; that ne did not expect to
HTS through the night, certainly not till
tho meeting of tbo convention. He soon
began to discuss tho questions of reform
and tho proposed changes in the consti
tution. Becoming excited, he seemed to
forget that he was & dying man. In a
short time we were invited to tea, and* *
when we returned to bia room tro found
him again in a 'dying1 condition. But,
au before, he Boon began tb discuss the
subject of tho convention ; and becoming
more animated, he rose up in bed--my
father and myself being the only audi
tors-md delivered 'one of tho most
interesting speeches, io conversational
style, that it was ever my good' fortune
to hear, occupying the time from 8:80
until midnight,
"The nest morning, immediately after
breakfast. Mn .Randolph sent for ua
again. We found him again in & 'dying'
condition. He stated to us that he was
fin tined that he would not live through
the day, and repeated his request that,
my father would have it announced to
the people of Halifax that, he declined
being a candidate for the convention.
Once more he became animated while
discussing the convention, and kept us
till 10 o'ciock at his house. When wo
were about to start he took a solemn
leave of us, saying : In all probability
you will ncT?r see H?C wgainr ? o Toro wo
reached Clark's Farry. five railes distant,
I beard some ono coming on horseback,.
?nabing to overtake us, wrfich proved to
e Mr. Randolph, with Johnny in a
Bulky following. Tbe next morning,
Monday, he rode nine miles to court,
where an immense crowd of people baa
gathered to bear him. He addressed
them ia the open'air in a strain of argu
ment and sarcastic eloquence rarely
equalled by any one."
Why We Have Hot Weather.
The Bun was in apogee and tb-? earth
itt aphelion this morning at 2? minutes
after3 o'clock; thrt the earth reached
the pirt of her orbit! in which she is at
the greatest distance from the sun. For,
strange as it may Boem, the earth ia now
three millions of miles further from the
su u than ehe was On the ist of last Jan
uary. Tak??g ?u? ujost vpproved esti
mation of tho sun's distance,. and using
round numbera to express the same, tbo
distance between the eau and earth is at
present ninety-three millions of miles,
while ic mid winter tho two bodies are
ninety millions of irles apart. The
question naturally arises as to the reason
why we do not have tb j coolest weather
when the sun is farthest away. Thia is
easily explained, for tho sun's rayB fall
perpendicularly upon the earth in mid
summer, and obliquely In mid-winter;
tho intensity of tho heat far overbalanc
ing the difference in the distance. The
summerbeat is, however, tempered by
the grcator distant of tho central' fire,
for in the southern hernia-; vere, where
the sun is in perigee at midsummer, tho'
heat is intensified, and the temperature
is higher in Australia and Statuera Af
rica than in correspondim* latitudes
ncrth of the equator. It is well we .
were not living about thirty-six hundred
years before the creation of Adam for
the sun was then in perigee during tho
northern summer, and in apogee during
the northern winter. Sir John Herschel
estimates that the northern' summerat
that distant period of tho world's histo
ry was twenty-three degrees hotter, and
loo northern winter twenty-three degrees
colder than it is at present.. Every in
habitant of the nnrtb teraperato zone has
thereforo reason to be grateful that the
san is in apogee at this season, for what
would become of the poor mor?ais who
have been simmering in tho Intense heat
of tho last five days if they wero requir
ed to bear a temperature of from ten to
twenty degrees higher than the nine
ties, in which the thermometer has been
mercilessly reveling?
Tho Habit of Beading.
1 "I have no time to read,'-' ls the com
mon complaint, and especially of wo
men, whose occupations are such as to
prevent continuous book perusal. They
cannot devote as much attention to books
as they are compelled to devoto* to their
j avocations, thai t??nv rtAnr?^ -ry
j thing. But Uiis is a great mistake, lt
' isn't the books wo finish at a sitting,
which always do us tho most good.
Those wo devour in odd moments,1 half a
dozen pages at a time, Often give hs more
satisfaction and are more thoroughly di
gested than thoso wo make a particular
effort.to read. The men who have made
their mark in tho world, have generally
been thu men who have in . boyhood
formed the habit of reading at every
available moment, whether for fi yo min
utes or five hours.
It is tho habit of reading, . rather than
the time at our command, that helps us
on the road to learning. Many Of tho
most cultivated persons, whoso names
have been famous aa aluden ta, have gi vee
only two or three hours to their books.
If we make oso of spare minutes in the
midst of our work, and read a Utile, if
but a pago or a paragraph, we shall find
our brains quickened, and our toil light
ened by just so much increased satisfac
tion as ino book gives os. Nothing helps
along thc rnorjotoTiOGS u?ily rounds so
much as fresh and striking thoughts, to
be considered while our banda aro busy.
A new idea from a new volume ii liso
I oil. which reduces tho friction of tho ma
chinery of Uf?. What we remember of
\ brief glimpses into books, often serves as
j a atimub' jt to action, and becomes ono
' of the most precious doposKa in the Creas* '
ury ot our iccolloction. " Ali knowledge
is made up of small parto, which would
asem insignificant .lu themst-! -, . , u:
which iaL-e.n togotlior or* *aIi>aKirt
weapon.'* for the mind, and eut>?i:uitiat
armor for tim'soul. Tho- odd minute
::?rK-.-cd to w?etc, if cure
fuliy husbanded i. . -.'// vUosi, will,
the long ruo, make
golden ?av?, that wo SHAII '