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Announcements of marriage? ?"5 deaf ha. aj"i notice? of a reilxioua character, are jSpffiuUv aiHclud. and wlfl be Inserted gratia I HAMPTON AND HIS WORK. A NEW HNGXJaND VJBYV OF TUB FIBST V?AB OF BOMB BULB. Xhe Beniarayanl? Changes of av Twelve., month-The Han ytho Rsa Made Him.' erlf Oovernor of the Whole Feaple Vfhat K?pnbllcajua Say About Him-The Prospect for th? Future-No,, Opposition to Hampton's Bo-election. {tir. B. P. Clark, In Ike Springfield lUpubltcan.] CHARLESTON, 8. C., April 10. It is one year this week since the Uni ted States troops were removed from the p State House, Chamberlain formally sur rendered, and Wade Hampton became ?universally recognised as Governor of South Carolina. The changes that have been wrought) in this twelvemonth are' nothing.?ess than wonderful, and chal lenge the attention of the whole country. A year ago'found the people of the Pal* metto State, after months "of the most in tenso political excitement, divided into two ooposlng parties-tue Democrats flushed with their long-delayed victory, the Republicana embittered by their Anal defeat and genuinely distrustful of the future. The negroes saw at lust tho suc cess of that party which they bad been sedulously taught for yearn would signal ize ita accession io power by relegating them back into slavery, and awaited ita course with the most serious apprehen sions. The wjiito Republicans witnessed Ithc triumph of tho 'party which num bered in its ranis the Bourbons ?aid irre concilables, and looked with dread to the future. . The more ?nj?lHgent,^ be sure, listCS?d With CSSdo. t? TV ?u? iijirnnion^ prcm?see/gave him perhaps' tho credit of sincerity, but still doubted his ability to fulfil his pledges and control his party. The close of the year finds everything absolutely changed. The political ex citement which had long kept tho State in turmoil hasdisappeared, and complete peace prevails. Financial distrust bas Siven way to a feeling of growing confi ence, as the stability of government has beeu restored and affairs nave Bottled into; their normal condition. The rela tions of the two races have steadily im proved, till a far better feeling is already reached than was over before known. Th? people are working more generally ?ni energetically, and the universal tes timony of all employers is ?hat they have never had BO little trouble with their hands since the war as. dunne tho past year. The Democrats have had full con trol of tho government for twelve months, and Republicans are free tb confess that their rights wero never so, well guarded. The negroes find their fears ot a hew ?lavery groundless; they see none of their rights curtailed, and special pain.) ??ken tfj develop their militia, which was to be at once mastered out with the ac cession of the Democrats. The Bourbons and irreconciliables have been sup greased, and tho liberal policy of Wade lampton hos triumphed over all opposi tion, till he is tr day, as truly cs was ever any man in American history, Governor cf the whole people. The success which Governor Hampton has thus achieved is only to be described as one of the greatest personal triumphs of the present generation, j Indeed, i do not recall another case in our history where a man has made wLiiin the brief space of a year co complete, a conquest of the party ?nat opposed him, at the same time that he has retained, and even strengthened, his hold upes - his own original followers. The testimony freely aaa heartily volunteered .by Republicans all over the State surprises even one who felt somewhat familiar with the cou 1^0 of events, and would be nothing less than startling: to tba average Northern parti san. Within the past week I have talked with c number of the leading Republi cans both in Charleston and Columbia such men as. ex-Judge. Melton, of this city, the most eminent native Republican the party in South Carolina ever had attorney-general under Chamberlain ana also circuit judge under Republican rule \ Chief Justice- willard, the Northerner, whom tho Republicans made associate justice of the Supreme Court, and thc Demo?ratWy legislatura .?last, year, ?aj Illamplou'u itLj?mc?j prcnio'.cd to the highest : placo , on ?no bei.ch; C M Wilder, tho postmaster cV Columbia, e colored man of good standing and much shrewdness; Collector of Internal .Reve nue Brayton, whose headquarters are ii this city; Benjamin A. JBoaemon, thc postmaster of Cnarieston, a colored mac of good Northern education and high personal character ; C. H. Baldwin, tin collector, of customs at Charleston, t Connecticut mad by birth, and G sorge I Cu nu ingham, Republican ex-Mayor o Charleston. . besides these, I have ques tiont-d the negri whom Imijht chaua to have for my'drive;1 'or who carried va) bag, BO I have sounded all phases of Ru pubUc^foeUng' Tbs concurrent Cesthnonv of all th es Republicans, wMto and clack, is tb moat sweeping commendation of Gov ernor Hampton's course, and tho moa implicit confidence in the man. Sait Dr. Basemen, of Charleston, (ha was ed . ucated as a physician i t ern Btrndbis:) "You may ciU?.t?.rno as eat pressing absoluto confidence in Governo Ha^pt#ti, and entire satisfaction wit! his course, Wo have no complain whatever to make. Ho has kept all hi pledges," Said Postmivater IVilder, 0 Columbia: ''Governor Hampton ha dono everything that we could bav asked;'.v.He promised to protect us, ROI he has If opt jhis word." By au odd coin ciderice these two negroes, as good reprc sentativea of their race as are to bofoun in the Statv the one in Columbia, th other tiri |Charleston, added to their uc qualified praise of Hampton the remar in almost the aame words ? "I can't hel .fegardlng, it jw providential that Wad fi???Pj(pn,, bsca^e. Governor of Sont ifew^Uie^w?re gbt?g.? The atrikio te?flmrf?y. of v these colored men is r< echoed by their white associates iu th -f^y-I^s party. Judge Moiton heart ?y-. accords 'Hampton tho high^d^if t?ftAtyMi pobc? urTN^rth. ab?ut Tl .^nnhlif^^^ggsr^aft-b??fcg ?> a^r?g j novar had such ' ?Pgoi H|meVe ?ince tho .war.? And tht bo went on. to say tba? he felt the chanj peraonallv in mom hindiv relations fch? ever before withrhis old "neighbore, nc withstanding thcf&c^hal he consider! and avowed hiintei?as*Btropg a Republ can as ever;?-< t ni j;c vt* So^nuch for Governor Hampton's co quest of hi??ld'opponents. His victo over tho niiilcohl?iifct lp. his own par has been rib loss completo. There a two elements among the ?Dem?crata thia State-the Bourbon and. tho pr gressivo ; the ono which looks regretful und longingly at thc past, tho otb which cu Li loose froth that pat t and fix it? eye on thu fistufo; tho Olio whit would gladly see the negro reduced'to state aa near OA possible like the ancie servitude, the other whick recognizes tl tuuviiuuiencas o? toe CURD gea already ao? complisaed ?od ia ready to accept them. It vf aa the Bourbon element which car? ried through the niovemen* for a "btraigbtout" Democratic campaign in i 1876, instead of helping the better class of Republicans to elect Chamberlain asl a reform candidate, and Wade Hampton has run away with his party in South Carolina in very much the esme way that President Hayes has with his in the *)untry. The Democratic Bourbons were willing enough to have Hampton ?alk fair ia the canvas?, just as the old ^publican managers thought it well enough for Hayes to write sven, a letter of acceptance-for campaign use; bat ueither set espected tho official to live up to the promises of the candidate. The result was that, when Hampton] com menced trying to enforce the liberal pol icy ho baa promised, opposition began to spring np in the )legislature and the presa; when he told the Dem?crata that they, should sive the highest judicial ollice in the Stato to a New York Re publican, there was many a wry face ;, when he took a manly stand for Bute honesty, there was open protest that he was meddling with things that didn't concern him, and trying to dictate to the legislature. ' But, as tune went on, thc Governor steadily gained in strength, and the malcontents lost power, till final ly the opposition in the Legislature was completely crushed out, and -a Demo-, eratic caucus, just before adjournmhnt, gave Hampton a unanimous .endorse ment-at the same time, by .the way, that all the Republicana in the Legislature joined the other party in supporting a resolution introduced by una of tho i rim ing Republicans heartily commending tho Governor. Meanwhile the .opposi tion to Hampton among the Democratic Eress has been swamped by .the irresisti le tide of popular approval, till now it is a unit in his favor. It is simple truth to say that Wade Hampton has to-day more strength with the people of South Carolina thin an? other man ever gained. ' He will be re? elected Governor in November with al near an approach to unanimity as; was ever seen at an election in the United States. It is hard to tell which party will support him with the more enthusi asm-for it is already settled that the Republicans as well as the Democrats will support him. Tho present proba bility is that the Republicana will hold ?o State convention, bat that their State committee will recommend, the party to vote for Hampton. ; But, whatever formal action is taken, or. if there is no such action, the Republicans will, vote for bim, and do it with hearty, eatisfac Lion, too. A colored Republican club in this city held a meeting the other even ing, and the sentiment in favor-of sup portia.; Hampton was simply unani mous; there waa absolutely not a dis? renting voice. . And this tis tho .universal feeling among Republicans throughout j tho State, black and white. Tho Demo srats are equally unanimous, ant? not a voice will be raised in opposition to his renomination ct their convention. In mort, it. is already evident that-Wade Hampton will be elected Governor of j South Carolina for two years, in Novem ber, with scarcely a dissenting vote. ' Nobody who meets Hampton will long wonder at tbH great personal triumph he has achieved. Ho has all the dualities ;hat make a popular hero. Though jost past bis sixtieth birthday, he looks a lumber of years younger, sud is indeed in the full vigor of middle life: Ho has i fine presence, a manly bearing; and limpie bat dignified manners. He loves mature, has a hearty fondness for hunt ing, and never makes a tetter appear ince than when mounted on horseback. ! Fie comes of ene- of South Carolina's oldest and most famous families ; he bas i brilliant record as a dashing leader in | ho war. i More than all else, he has the prestige of success; ho is the only man bat ever has redeemed the State ; he is .vi tho ul much doubt the only man who ? ;ould have carried through the campaign ? >f 1876 to victory. Thus he has ali the Sialities that, appeal to the hero-wor ipper, and tK*> average South Caro hmm is, by nature and training, a hero vorsbipper. Beyond these personal lUuUies he has now the added cr?dit of laving given a weary and distracted State the first period of peace and order bab she has. experienced for nearly a ?core of years. ., All things have thus combined to give Hampton tun support ? of the populace But there is also in the man that which commands the confidence of -ho moat thoughtful and critical. It ia impossible o talk long with him without ? thorough :ouviction that he is a genuine patriot, that ha is inspired in. h,> course by sn overruling desire to serve the State, by such an ambition *.? we are wont to asso nate with "th ) better days of the repub lic." He sees the future, and he is doing als level bes', to bring South Carolina in sympathy with it. The conviction of his sincerity is widespread, and strongest imong those who have watched him most closely. ' As one eminent Republican whom I have already quoted remarked : 'I don't think it is simply policy. It ia policy, of course,'but X give Hampton ito credit of being inspired by patript am." I have spoken of Hampton's work the past year as a personal triumph. It is inch in a double sense. Not only has ho sommanded universal confidence in him ?elf as a man, bat he has carried his par y on to a higher plane than it ever neant to occupy and holds it there. The policy which ho has carried oat the past fear is not the policy of th? old Dcmo :ratlc party of Sooth Carolina; it is not he policy which t?.o : cid leaders meant o enforce when th?y got control of the State. Popular enthusiasm for the man isa finally suppressed all open opposi tion to his coarse, but there is a large ele nent ox the party which at heart does lot like Hampton's liberal course. I isve investigated this point with consid erable care, putting thia queatiCi to a rood many people, How far docs the ac Juiescence in Hampton's policy 'indicate imply personsl confidence in the man, !IQW far the deliberate acceptance of his Ideas as a settled line of party policy T In other words, how many Democrats be lleve in Hampton's policy, dissociated [rem the man, and would support any ither man in trying to carr* oat similar iucaS 7 T?i? aii?wcro I r?rw?vou tfere vi? | rious. Ono Very intelligent Republican said, Not one man in ten ; several agreed in saying, Not a majority. Fair-minded Democrats took- this latter view. The Tact is that there are two strongly oppos ing e?c?nents it* th* Democratic p^rty. irSich divido a good deal on the geo? graphical line of the ''un country" and the "low country." the Utter including the counties JoLjf the coast, with Ohlirleston as the great centre, and^? "up country" th?? more remote parts of the State, including the mountain couu ties ?nd such districts as Edgefield, where Bary, the leader of Hampton's opponents in tho Legislature, UVCJ. Broadly sneak ing, 4he3 weattn!?nd intelligence of the State are itr tho "low country ;" tba ig norance' a?d poverty In tho "up coun try/* As a natural consequence liberal* Ism has ita he? ^quarters in the *'loif ?onnlry :" BourbOnisin in the "op coun try." Yvhiic, wrorefore, Hampton nw jr <???B???fol?R?S receive, as on * recent trip, the heartiest I ovations in the latter region, it ls there very much more the tribute to the per sonal leader than the recognition of an I accepted policy which Charleston yields. I Weighing fll the evidence. I think it fair to say that a majority of the Democrats have supported the man rather than tho policy the past year, and that any other person who had attempted to embody similar ideas would have failed to carry the party with him. I At tba same time a year of Hampton's policy, however and why ever accepted, has an immense educative effect. A Srent many Democrats who did not be ere in such idea* a yea? og0 aja coming tc accept them now. There can be no reasonable doubt that another tenn of Hampton would carry the good work bo >(?nd tho possibility of ever being un done. There is, of course, no question of Hampton's re-election for this term, out Patterson's term in the United States Senate expires next March, and the Gov ernor ip naturally thought of ss his suc cessor; The Change would of course have many attractions for him. He can only continue Governor another two years at a serious sacrifice to his own per sonal affairs j for the duties of the office as he administers it are very engrossing, while a place in the Senate would give him leisure during a ' large part of the year. If ho should express a desire to be sent to Washington, ho could of ; course go, but it is' really a serious1 ques tion whether he could safely leave the Governorship Uext March. Every Re publican whom T questioned on this point expressed gravo apprehensions wnp i ri pr Hamntnn'i werk could as yet ht taken up, ano: carried through by any other mau, 'and a devout hope that he would continue Governor throughout thc entire next terra. Intelligent, far-sight ed Democrats admitted that there would bc much greater opposition to Hampton's policy if Hampton were to drep out, but they regard it as too manifestly the pol icy of the future to be ever''overthrown; Very much fiepende upon the character of the L?gislature that hVtb' be elected next fall. The Governor recognizes the over shadowing importance of this question, and appeals for tho election of conserva tive men were tho burden of his speeches on bia recent trip,. The last Legislature was not such a body ea the crisis de mands; it was largely composed of young and inexperienced men, political acci dents many of thom, who were nomina ted without any real hopo that they would be elected. With another euch body it is doubtful whether any other man. than Hampton could, carry on Hampton's work;, with such,a Legisla ture as the State needs and Hampton urges, a Legislature of Hampton men, the name of Governor will not be of so much importance. In either case, how ever, there is no question. that Hampton could do vastly more for the .State as Governor than any other man, and it may well be doubted whetfie* either thc people or,he himself will allow the man they elect Governor to desert that office for any other before the expiration of hil tenn. Ho recognises the situation very cl early,..and is too true a friend of the State to leave the Governorship if be feels that there is any danger of barm thus coming to the cause he represents. In South Carolina more than in almost any other fe.sn baa survived the ancient sentiment that ts* Governorship of the State ?B the highest i,Wr? ir? ?.?. gifi, ?nd less than anywhere else does a man feel that he is taking a long step up when he goes from the Executive Chamber to the National Capitol. AB already said, the RapublicanB will make no opposition to Governor Hamp ton's re-elcctiou, or to any of the Stato officers, indeed. For Congressmen ?nd members of the Legislature they will make a fight, and with hopes of electing two or three of the former and a good representation in the Legislature. Gov ernor Hampton is statesman enough to recognize the value of a strong minority in every law-making assembly, and would prefer a Legislature with a good repre sentation of honest Republicans to so nearly unanimo.ua a Democratic one as they have in Georgia and Mississippi. On the other ha-.d, there is ur? Republi can, unless it be one of the old Ring thieves, who ever wanta to s?e again one of the old fashioned Republican Legis latures, wherein on one occasion there were 98.negroes, the great majority of whom could neither read no? write, out of 124 u embers, and ignorance under the lead of corruption enacted confisca tion into btw. The'honest Republicans' see ! that even such a Legislature as the last la infinitely better than any that their party could ever hope to elect, and they will not mourn as those without hope if the next one contains no burger represen tation of their o wa party. The negro enthusiasm for Hampton will of course i carry a considerable colored vote over to the Democratic legislative ricket as well, and ii will need no cheating or returning board to elect a majority. Where the Republicans do elect pion, they will be given their seats.; i South Carolina to-day presents, par haps the most interesting field ?*. study io be found anywhere in this country. There are many topics that I meant to have taken un, but this letter is already so long that I must postpone them to an other. Two Bootblacks* ? day or two ago, during a lull in bus iness, two little DootblacsB, one white and ons black, were standing at the cor ner doing nothing, when the white boot black agreed to black the black boot black's boots. The black bootblack was of course willing to hare his boots blacked by bia fellow bootblack, and the bootblack who had agreed to black tbe black bootblack's boots went to work. of the black bootblack's boots 'till it shone in a manner thai wonld make any bootblack proud, this bootblack, who had agreed, to black the black bootblack's boot?, refused to black the other boot of the black bootblack until the black boot black, who bad consented to have the white bootblack black hie boots, should add five cents to the amount the white blootblack bad made blacking other men's boots. This the bootblack, whose boot had been blacked, refused to do, say?Dg ii was good enough for a black bnoth?ft?k to lisV?? ons boot blacked, and ho didn't care whether tho boot that the bootblack hadn't blacked was blacked. This made the bootblack who had blacked the black bootblack's boots as angry ai a bootblack often gets, and ho vented his black wrath by spitting upon tho blacked boot of the black bootblack. This roused the-latent passions of the black bootblack, and he proceeded to boot the. white bootblack with tho boot which the white bootblack had blacked ; a fight ensued in which the white boot black who had refused to black the un blocked boot of the black bootblack, blacked the black , bootblack's visionary organ, and ir which the black bootblack wore all thu blacking off his blacked boot in booting the white bootblack. - Lying about a politician never burts the man lied about. I? is having the truth told that kilb Ulm. Under tho tfopervUIoM of th? Kxecatlya GomntltU? of Pomona Orange. Agriculture as a Science* We oner no apology tor presenting the following extract froia Col. Philpoi's ad dress, ?ately published in the Atnerioan /fainter, and earnestly commend its care ful perusal to all progressive farmers. | Every fact stated here U equally applies* ble to our section of tho country and to our farmers, except, perhaps, that the' improvement observable in our system of agriculture dates from the war. De pressed, harrassed and impoverished as our people have been by reconstruction, (so called) inefficient labor and carpet baggers, there is a very great advance perceptible in our mode of agriculture. "Very little guano, and not much manure of any kind, was used by our farmers before the war. Now no crop is consid ered worth planting without a free appli cation of some commercial fertilizer or homemade compost. And our common farmers speak as glibly of phosphates and superphosphates, of the per cent* of ammonia, phosphorous, potash, nitrogen, &&, contained in fertilizers, and their solubility, as our chemists did fifteen yearn ago. Ali kinds of improved impie-1 menta of husbandry ore used to. some extent by our farmers, and every suc ceeding year familiarizes them with new and. more /efficient labor-saving faffing implements. Reapers and mowers, field threshers and plantation engines aro coming into common use, and often wt . ked with thc strictest economy of skilled labor ; for it is not unusual to see a GP coi men of the fifteenth amendment little over three feet high engineering a plantation steamer with i. :ch moro dig nity than skill. This address was deliv ered on the occasion of the installation of the officers of a sub-Grange, and we think it would prove highly interesting, and not less edifying, if the chief officers Of our sub-Granges would keep up a similar greoting to their brethren at each annual installation of officers. The fol- j lowing is the extract refered to : The Master, saying what ho had writ ten was given with no special claims to piiglokltTy. after a nui table introduction as to the importance of tho, interest of agriculture, said,: Various facts, which cannot now be stated in detail, strengthen the conclu sion that American agriculture, especially during tho last twenty years, bas made great progress. Farms throughout tho country are more thoroughly cleared of stumps and atones ; fences are neater and more durable; farm bouses are more conveniently and tastefully built -nd adorned ; barns are constructed with more' reference to the comfort of stock, to tho housing of produce and to the preparation and preservation of manure; a s?Oi'B ready acetas to markets IB anorded by railroads and canals; improvements are made in the implements in general ase-while a salubrious climate, a pro lific noil, a broad and quiet land, and a beneficent Providence have crowned with abundant Buccess tho labors of the hus bandman. . Having reached thin agricultural vant* j age ground by honeot toil, guided by ex perience and the lights of science, it ia an interesting question to every farmer, what are the conditions of p. still grander progress and prosperity ? Let us, broth ers and sisters, endeavor to make thja inquiry, and see if we cannot find out and explain the conditions so necessary for our prosperity and happiness. The essential conditions, it seems to me, are, in the first place, peace ; second, a con tinued demand for agricultural products, both at home and abroad ; third, an in creased respect for labor ; fourth, a more thorough knowledge and practico of ag riculture as an art and science; fifth, and finally, s more complete education of our farmers in political economy, in taste and general reading. Let us, brothers and Bisters, briefly con sider these conditions. In the first place a state of war is inimical to agricultural ; prosperity. It always (whether domestic1 or foreign) reduces the productive indus try of the country engaged in it, and dis turbs nearly all the great interests of so- ! ciety. We must presorve our normal condition, which is peace, if agricultura is to prosper. The second condition, on which depends our agricultural progress, is tho continued and increased demand fer cur products, both at home and abroad. If our population increases in the ratio of the last decade, 100,000,000? of inhabitants will be under American1 law in the year 1850. Beside supplying this rapidly growing population, Europe and portions of South America will con tinue lo be our customers. The statistics of our commerce prove that corn it king, and that it can always be made aa it Ii now-the great conservator of peace be tween England and the United States. The parliamentary returns of Greet Bri tain for the calendar yt?. even as. far back as 1861 exhibit tho following ire Sortant facts in regard to tho amount in ushcis of breadstuffs imported for that year: Wheat. 86,652,097 bushels, of which the United States furnished 35, 861,675 bushels, or forty-four per cent. ; Indian corn, 20,860,004 bushels, of which the United States furnished 11,705,034 hnahai^ ?r f.ftj- -cen per c?r,:. tmi vast amount has been exported to Great Britain during the, war ?bile all the Southern ports were blockaded, showing that wc furnish even in time of war about one-half of all the food imported into Great Britain, and is immensely in creasing eveiy year. The third condition on which depends our agricultural pro gress, is increased respect for labor. In many portions of the United . States this condition is amply fulfilled, and tho healthful results aro plainly seen in fine ly cul ti vntp.d far rn* }? improved hemes, in education, thrift und all thc honest pursuits of an intelligent and .respected industry. The two prominent canses which have tended to degrade labor in the United States are, first, the many avenues to wealth, respectability^, and position epe-? to Vu?iig wea, iouepea* dent of manual- labor ;. and, secondly, the condition of a large portion of our population. A great point will be gained for agricultural purposes when farmers shall cherish not only a high respect for their employment themselves, but instill their sentiments and convictions into the minds of their children. It is not only a great mistake, but a great i misfortune that yoong men should feel dissatisfied With the comparatively slow gains ? f ag riculture, or that they should vcga.d the farmer's life as' one of ' tameness and drudgery. They notice tho rapid growth of the prosperity of the merchant, the trader or the professional man. and see t?M* is the situations of apparent comfort and ease, limiting, howoyer, their obser vations to the few who are successful, and cot noticing tho many who fail of ulti mate success. Independent of the un rest, the disappointed ambition, the wear and tear ?nd mean rewards of public life, it is said that of one thousand mer chants who had kept accounts at one of the Boston banks, only six died rich. On tho other hand, the farmer, if not absolutely rich, is at le: st independent. He has a home which hit labor and taste bare adorned; he has broad acres, not always held by lease as in many coun tries, but as a freehold-if not at the beginning, this ls generally the final ro MU? In England and Scotland land in the general is in the hands of few, and remains in that condition. Notso in our country. No law of entail or primogen iture fosters the accumulation of over grown estates. It is one of the blcssiugs of the American farmer that be owns in fee-simple the land which he cultiv?t:? ; if he does not, by industry and economy be hopes soon to do so. Labor, for a fair remuneration, whether of tho brain or hand, should be the glory of America; besides, there ls true dignity io labor, especially in cultivating the soil. The object which the farmer bas in view is to subdue tho earth, to eradicate its briars and thorns and to plant in their stead what is useful and beautiful to man. It is to fulfill the original appoint ment of the Creator that man '"shall eat ^read in the sweat of his face." "Labor,'.' ?aya a noble worker, '.'has been made by Providence tho law of man's condition ; it is the price at which whatever is valu able in life iii un I be earned." Whatever, therefore, degrades labor as the business of life, or renders it distasteful or dishon orable, does violence tb our social laws no less limn to a wise economy. Ali im provement, all prognes of tuc asco ol .man in civilisation, has boen the result of intelligent labor. It has.built uni cities, dug our canals, constructed oui railways, developed our mines, built oui steamers and ahips;given life and energy to the industrial arts, and, above all, u feeding and clothing our people and pro viding for their happiness. "The na tion," says Doctor8amuelJohnson,"tha1 can furnish food and raiment (those uni' vessal commodities), may have ber ship! j welcomed at a thousand ports, or sit ai borne and receive the tribute of foreigr countries, enjoy their arts or treasure ni ; their gold." Let labor, therefore, bi crowned with honor-that labor especial ly which contributes so much to the wei fare bf man, and allows him to approacl nearest, through Nature, to Naturo'i God. The fourth condition on which depend our agricultural progress, is a more thor ough knowledge and practice of agricul tore as a science and as an art. And b< this is meant a knowledge of the princi pies, tho whys aqd'wherefores, jfb ich 1; at the foundation of successful farming and of tho practical application of thoa principles, combining skill, economy am all the appliances of art , The grea difficulty- with the American farmer ha been, and still is, that ho hos been nur turca and educated in the habit of culti vating a primitive soil. Thc labor an expenso attending the accumulation an application of manure, with tho?ecessit of unlearning old habits and th?orie! bave mada bim tempt Nature to th verge of exhaustion and degrade a nobl profession to-one of sere routine Whil our people are ever disposed to beast t their inventive skill and teachable dinpc sition, the ol-' fi nations which we a ii ci to despise offer ns some valuable lessor in agriculture. ' Th? Chinese, foreran pie, by minute end careful culture, b rotation of crop- and by the use of ever Dossible- kind or manure, hive rasds tbs! Ianda yield undiminished products fe thousands of years. The northern pro> incas of China produce two annual crop (And it ia bald that towards the sout five are usually obtained every two years This prodigious yield has continued fe ages, and yet the soil is rid and prod ut ti ve, teeming with nearly four hundre millions of human beings. The spade : extensively used, every inch of ground thoroughly tilled, the bills are terrace and the soil irrigated wherever possibl Agriculture is-everywhere honored an encouraged ; the' Emperor himself got annually to the field asd turns the fir vernal furrow. If China or v'apan wei to follow our methods of farming, famir and death would soon sweep millions int their graves/ There is still in our com i try (strange. to say] a large amouut < what may be styled routine farming that is to say, f?;?;!?g as our fathers at grandfathers fiscd to do. In some case where the soil ts inexhaustible, th method may be the best method of faro lng for the present owners: besides, tl example of father to son is invaluabl provided that example bo good. PracI cal knowledge is certainly superior mero theory; but to persist in the san succession of crop*, ^n replanting tl same and often the poorest seed, in pu suing the same methods cf cuitare, rearing the same common stock, in uri: the same poor Implements of husbandi is to deny the value of the aggregate e periesce of mes of similar pursuits, HI to ignore the progr?s? of tho age science and the useful arts. It should the aim of every yoong fanner to do n only as well as his father, but to do I best "to make two blades of grass gn where one grew before." We are all, fear, too apt to ignore to too great an e tent book farming. Books, I know, oft err in their theories and fanciful farmi Erejects ; bot let mo assure you that thc i to be found much of value in th? suggestions, and it becomes the intel gent farmer to select the wheat from t chaff, and not by prejudice reject t whole. Agricul?ire is a growth-li the plant lt cultivates, and like the mh also, the more lt Is developed the more I yioUia; Of ali human pursuits agrie I ture is first in order, in necessity and i Krtance. The best farmer is likely the most intelligent man ; and a co mnnity of knowledge ls one'of the atrot ''est ties that can bind and bless socio Agricultural knowledge, therefore, beg productiveness, and in tho same prop tion develops the wealth, the prosper and the progress of our country. I Humphrey Davy once remarked, speaking of the future influence of ag culture, tbat "nothing is impossible labor aided by science. The objoow the skillful agriculturist are like those the thoughtful patriot* Men value m what thar'have gained by effort, am just confidence in their own powers suits from success. They love til country better because tliey h?ve soej improved by ?heir own taients and ind try, and they identify ?ritb their OT? n terests the existence of those institut! and pursuits which have afforded th security, independence and the mu plied enjoyments of civilized life." B strongly do these noble words from father of agricultural science appca the judgment kiid pride of avery fan to excerin bis calliT? To this *nd farmer should be educated in those atu( which aim to make him" a thoughtful i intelligent citizen. Being tho vast i jority -in? numbers:,and wealth, andi laming tho wheels of finance, of tn manufactures and commerce, the agri< turist has too much at stake to be bob ?ny in education te? l?scente. Fina the farmer should breathe the genial at* caoephere of thought, which, conting te us from distant ages and across tba sea. ia fanned by press, pamphlet and printed book*. TOBACCO CULTURE. It* Importance and Kxtcnt aa a Product of this Country. To what extent is the cultivation of tobacco expanding in the United States, and ?hat la the ratio of our production to that of other countries f These and other -interesting questions relating to our cbeji staples are answered by some curious and valuable statistics collected in a late report of Col. J. B. Killebrew, Commissioner of Agriculture for Tennes see, on the cultivation of tobacco in that Stato. Tb? report also contains valuable and interesting statistics, showing its commercial importance, etc.' Colonel Killebrew says that it Is believed that with proper encouragement Tennessee Can bo made the largest tobacco growing Stale in the Union, and that the, exten sion of the area in cultivation would add largely to the income cf h fr citizens and without detracting from tu?? fertility of the soil to the ESIDJ extent that cot Ion or corn does. That its cultivation is remunerative ia? evident from the fact that the peoplo of the tobacco growing counties aro in easier circumstances than those in any other localities. Besides tobacco does not interfere in any consid erable degree with the cultivation of the grasses or the bread grains. The busiest i C aSOn in wbircOG CO tn ca Ou ?ii August and september when tho other crops'are laid by, or harvested. The tobacco crop is in a degree an extra crop which, whilo it Supplies the planter/ ready' money, does not interf?ra with his ra sing abundant supplies. Tho cemsisaioner claims superior qualities for Tennessee tobacco as behm rich in nicotine^ the active principle in tobacco, and that it can bid defiance to that grown in Illinois, Indiana and Mis souri, and says that the effect of increased culturo will be to drive these poorer grades from market and leave a broader field for that of Tennessee. As an article of general use it ranks first, being more generally used than any otb jr. single article, beinr ?med by ;?OO,000,000 ol people or 8-12 of the population of thc world, whilo Chinese tea ls consumed by 600,000,000, Paragua tea by 10,000,000 human beings, coca by 10,000,000, chicory by 40,000,000, coca by 60,000,000, and coffee by 100,000,000, .'hasheesh by 800, 000,000. and opium, in ono or anothci form, by 100,000,000. In tho brie! period of three centuries, tobacco, like the potato, has mado tho conquest ol tho world; and if we accept but one half the amount of per capita consump tion asserted by competent statisticians the total annual dom?nd for -?G wee? from the whole population of the glob* will still reach 2,625,000,000 pounds, oi 1,812,500 tons. Admitting that S0( pounds is raised to the acre-and this ru an average is a very liberal allowance tho stupendous quantity of tobacco jus estimated would require upward' o three million acres cr good land to bi kept under culture. The use of this plan appears therefore to have become uni vcr sal. Iudeed, uext to salt, it ia suppose* by some to be tho article most exten uivcly consumed by man, tea alouo bein; the competitor. Of the 2.625,000,000 pounds require! for the world's consumption, let us se how much is contributed by tho Unite) States. Iii. 1860 we produced 484,209,46 pounds, but ten years afterward th yiolu of our plantations had dwindled t< about 260,000,000 pounds valued at mon 1 thanp>2?,??0,?U0. We add, that accord ing to the United States Bureau of Sta tistics, we sent out of tho country in th year ending June, 1877, leaf tobacc valued at nearly $20,000,000. Thea figures would make tobacco rank oixtl in the list of exported staples, coitos breadstuffs, petrolium and the precien metals alone exceeding it in importance Before making the distribution of on surplus among foreign customers, it ma, be well to note how tar the latter are ubi to meet their respective demanda fror domestic sources. Prussia, for example raise* 100,000,000 pounds ; Austria-Bun gary about as much, and France oom 45,000,000. Among the countries whlc have an excess for sxr'ort msv be name Brazil, which sends out upward of 80, 000,000 pounds;-Japan, whoseahipment have amounted to 40,000,000 ; and Net Granada, which can nparo about 12,000 000. The whole average crop of tb Phillippino Islands is set down at 22 000,000, much of which is exporte! and the samo may be said of Ju va, whoc ?ield is estimated ut 83,000,000. Froi ihina, on the other hand, while tl home consumption is enormous, the e; gort? are only about 2,000,000, and ove luba can spare only about 12,000,OC pounds of leaf tobacco, although al sends out, of course, a vast quanlty i cigars. If we except, indeed, those fit cmalitiea of leaf employed in tho mai tifacture of Cuban, and some would ad Manilla ci?"ars, it may bs said that tl tobacco raised in tho rest of the wor! ls merely grown to supplement tl American crop, Bince no varieties ezce] those of the district named vie with ic richness and flavor. It appears that in 1875 our best ca tonier was Germany, notwithstandit the large quantity grown, as we ba' seen, in Prussia. Our exports of tobac to tho German empire exceed 66,000,0! pounds, while England which prodac none, took only 64,000,000. To Ita we send about 32,000,000, and to Frau 21,000,000. Spain too notwithstandb the inflow from her colonial possea-ior required nearly 14,000,000 pounds of tl American staple, buying for thc most pr of tho \ irgiula ana Aeuue&see ieai. is equally curious that the Netherlant in spite of the large crop of Java, ahou have drawn almost 17,000,000 poun from the United States. Our next Inrgi customers are the Austrian empire, Ca ada and Belgium, in the order nam? In the name year we expoited 8omo4 000 pounds to Cuba, double that arnon to Foto Rico, and considerable qnanit: to all the South American republi We may also mention that the Briti and French West Indies, and even Ha ara r.t.(?..t> ?n . V. ? !.. I.? :--! - w.-.-- ? ?w -V-. ? |fV|lHt.HVU . ? largo wu urn era of our staple. ' In almost all countries tobacco ia ma to contribute a notable shara of the i tional rercnue. In Germany hithei the duty on American leaf has been fo shalera per 100 pounds, but Biamai now propose* to largely augment this 1 post. In Austria, Franco, Italy a Spain the growth, importation, mar facture and sale of tobacco ara control! by that form of government mono] known as a regie. The custom tax American tobacco in England ia tbi shillings per pound. In Belgium 1 impost is TO.40 for 100 kilograms, wh in Holland duty on the same quantity only 28 cents. Leaf tobacco impon into Russia must pay about $3.80 per p (86 pounds) whilo smoking tobat must pay six times as much, and cigi on tho other hand, only $1.66 per pi In Turkey the duty ia 60 cents ior a a of weight equivalent to 11| Amer ic onoce*. Th*1 amount of revenue dra by ibo United States government from tobacco is. o? course, very *erjs?, but up to 1870 ii was' much lesa than the euro derived by the United Kingdom from the same source. Thus in IMO' the tax od ; tobacco yielded us less that eleven and a half million dol?ais, ?ri lle it produced thirty-one millions lo Croat Brittan. Buring tba past seven yean, however, our returns '.ave been much augmented, exceeding $87,000,090 in tie fast year covered by'5?r.' Killebrew's table. Bi view of the remarkable' stimulus lately given to the culture of tobacco in some of oar Western States, and especially in Tennessee- thew is reason to think ->e ibnome from tblsstaple will be materially increased during the next decade. " , ! 1 -_-' I HOEING WHEAT.*-A fow weeks ago onoof your correspondents asked whether the wboat crop could bo improved by hoeing. Lot mo1 offer my experience. I say ofl^r, because I have found it diffi cult to get i people to accept unpaid-for oxperieuco. lu this case experience ia asked for, and I hope, I.may bo the means of making two blades grow y/bcio only ono grew bef?-e. Some yeaT ajjo my soba (as now) had t'.a working of roy farm (now a farm for improved sheep.) They put,in n twenty-acre field of wneat. I wauted. them to put it ali in with the drill; usbg only every other tube, stopping np the others,'but they would only put lu ? half jin acre thia way. This made tho drills, fifteen inches apart, and one peck bf ?ecd per aero waa suffi cient. In March following, the ground being dry etiontrh. I paaaed| th rou eh. it pith?? au! old. uvu?u??d shovel plough that was wido enough to disturb the whole width between the rows of wheat -half an hour's work. The result was this half acre produced fifteen bushels of wheat, while, the .rest of. the field pro duced only twelvo bushels per , aero. I*ractical fariner,. The Advantages of Poverty. They are not like the snakes of Ireland. There are some, and they are important One consists io freedom from tho worry of the rich. The poor man has hiu own worries, bat we are not called uponto consider them jost now. ? .We are looking, 'at the other side of,the .shield. -?Espp long ago remarked that the tra velor whoso pocket was empty could whistiVin the face of the robber. It mattera not what sbapo the robber , assumes. ; He may come in the form of fire or flood, of F?anio or pestilence. Whatever his shape, n S J far as ho threatens, only property, he brings'no alarm to the poor man. Such a man does not Jump from hie bcd and sweet sleep at night to consult his fire-alarm card to ace Jf his property iain danger. Tba ice In the winter and floods in the spring timo presage no disaster to him. Men may fail du:ly, but they owe him nothing, nor is his namo on their notes. Practically, for the time, being, be stands aloof and apart from thu busi ness world. It is quits true that .the world's distresses mav come in tims to have an important infiueuca on bim. But at no time does ho read the list of failures with the personal anxiety that a man in active business feels. He is not in the midst of a storm which may strike his ship, and he bas riot to keep bis sails closely reefer1 or to spread them that he may escape ito ni dangerous shoals. The wealthy mau worries about bis idle capi tal. He cab find no employment for the safe in Volmern, of hts money. Only a man who has grown accustomed to the sight of money laboring for him day and night, piling up. interest in an untiring ?rocess, can appreciate tho dismay with Inch one sees that which has been v.'oi'khig quit work. T??e poor man ?us no money, and he is not troubled by losses of time and lesses of .interest Tho man of capital has to protect accu mulations; the man without has only to look out for bis daily needs. -The capi talist, in anxious times, has everything to lose, and at the same time wants to gain a little. The man without money can sustain no losses ; and what be hopes to gain is small as compared with what the capitalist looks for. The capitalist may be the servant of bia money. .Ser vice is well. Ich dien was the motto of ene of the proudest of Princes; BuPto bo a servant of money is one thing, sad a servant with money another. Ho who bas no property runs no risk of confusing the distinction. It has been the fall ot men' who hi?ve been wealthy that has startled people many a time within the last five years. Men .whose renato has been good, who have had t'-e esteem of tho community, have tried to ?ave some thing from the outflowing lido bf misfor tune, and they have'lost their honor and their good names in the effort. It ia a great temptation that ia set. before a man to keep up by unjust means and dishon orable methods tho prestige of his name and his social position. It is a tempta tion tho poor man can never feel ea lt ia felt by thc mau of huge property, ? By aa much as their place was higher, by co much was their fall greater. The moneyless roan runs little danger of the peculiar temptations, that besetj the rich. Goldsmith coupled , with the accumulation of wealth a suggestion of the decay of men, and a prophecy of a land "to hastening ills a prey." ..Mar lowe declared excess of wealth "a cause of contentions," and.old John Haywood said: "Tho loss of wealth ls loss of dirt As sages in all times assart, The happy man's a man without a shirt" And Gray, in the "Odo on Pleasure," spoke of bim who ia "Rich from the very want of wealth." There aro dissipations open to tho' wealthy man which never tempt the poor man, because the poor man is never ? thrown in their way. It ls unnecessary ! to specify. Whit., perhaps, ?o tju?Ce tut important, the poor man's children will not have to encounter them. They ar? bred, from the natara of things, to work, The pursuit of wealth, whatever la to be said of what follows upon gaining wealth, has to be marked by economy, self-denial and struggles. The incentives are before the poor man's children, not before those that aro the children of rich men. Youth is the time for the formation of habits, and the habits of poor children'are those of laborious industry, of unremitting ap plication, and continuous toil. XDo .poor man need entertain no fear that after his death tho doors of the fam ily closet will be thrown opon by eager heirs and tho choice collection of family skeletons exposed to view. There will be no children to exhibit tba weaknesses, bodily -nd menta!, of tbs father. There will be no heirs at law to tell tho world of gossipers what the gossipers should never know. Nitsde mortui* ni*i bonum is not a rule that those observe who think they have been robbed of what should hayo como to them. It is a maxim the world is moro ready to see kept sacred than disappointed, heirs; :1 We doubt if these and other considera tions that will occur to tho thoughtful reader will have the effect of making bim cease in his pursuit of riche*. Wefcel at liberty to say that their force ls not so great aa to Induce any friend to whom they have been communicated to either reduce himself to a poor man's estate, or stop trying to be a rich man. One who presche? thia- kind of philosophy lt apt arti' not t-xpontibto for tW view- ?ha JU?? tJ?SlUMEe?r'" Mrf*jB ebock?, draft-, tcone? orara, &c, aboul? r^^a4e^Tt?^totli8oidor r.f .- ' Andor-rf)-),.'.'C. -:-*---:-;-;-: to bo reminded that there ia another aide of tua shield, The careful reader will remember that this was not only admitted but frankly stated at the outset. If what ?e haye said induces anybody to think tat the shield has too sides, all that we have aimed at will have been accom plished. The great arid uuiversol law of compensation holds in reference to wealth and property aa in reference toevcrything else. There are blessings in the poor man's life in and by reason of his poverty, which in their very nature cannot be to tnt? rich mtm.^ Cincinnati Timcf,. . f'tlttmmmmtm. ?< V '. ''iii ??Ton Beautiful to !*_ye=,, The Columbia Register learns from xi gentleman of undoubted veracity, who conversed wi th, McE voy a few days be fore bia execution, that the unfortunate man,' while .talki&g with his counsel oh the day alluded to, said that bo had always boen indifferent about being ox* . ecuted, and more especially since bb last escape-ey en upon the day on which he was respited by the Governor/ alt which time no expected to be in eternity within fin hour after the arrival of the respite. "But now; slr, life is very sweet to me. Never, never before d:i3 the world i?bk BO.beautiful io m e. Th?' songs of the birds sound sweeter, the leaves on the trees look greener : and fresher, tho ann (in' which I have never seen anything; particularly beautiful) breaks through my cell window1, aridfor the first time in all my lifo I see beauty in thai, too." It ia related of soma distinguished jiureon who had faiien from the faith of hin fathers, and who persisted In his course, that one night, while gaJtingiatO tho Btnyry dome above him; he exclaim ed t "Beautiful heaven I .1 shall never behold tbeol" To tbat unfortunate, man tho heaven he felt he had forfeited waa never so beautiful as when it was, as ho thought, Joel- eternally. Whether the very idea of such an abandonment compelled him to seek the means of re trieval or not, history docs not elate, or if so, we'do not now recall the fact. Bot how true is it that the moatbeautiful of Jail things appear to be those we have lost or oleo are about to lose,. Wo did not value them properly when they were ours, and it may be that wo abused what wc should have cherished. But' when they are'gobo or. are about to go, what ravishments they possess, what novel splendor, what ecstatic lowliness t It may bo' that the phenomenon Mc Evoy'discovered in his own nature was brought about by some' wonderful change which rollgloo Kimatlujua wArVa miraculously upon the most callous hearts and souls. Had this come to him in carly lifo instead bf in lils later man hood, it would perhaps' have made him a bettor individual and spared himself and society souib1 dreadful ?hoek. Th's lessen is ?car at h arid. If we li?tea to the' melody cf the beavens and fix our eyes, upon higher things than this world affords, a brightness will stream upon our lives and illumi nate even the darkness that now and then' falls upon our material being. And then, when we look at the earth in Ita. robe of Boring grandure, listening to the, pipe of bird and bee, and for the last time behold tho sunshine glorifying alp, we may not'regret to leave them, because thoy aro simply the faded and ?a-V-! -, =^_C,?rT -o .?-..-_ * _=? > tf. ? luuuiu o^uimrio vt vuu uJauoi Jua nuu i J?v pasture promised to all who mako tho world'the better for their being, fora moment, pi'ij-rlms upon ita mountain tops or dwc.?rt in itu vales.-Augusta Cnnpnicle., _____ A College Freafe Tho following story of old time? in South Carolina Ia told of the learned Di. Maxcy: .? '? ' On one occasion, several of the stu dents of Sooth Carolina College resolved to drag the doctor's carriage into the woods, and fixed upon a night for the performance of the exploit. One of their number, however, waa troubled With some compunctious visitings, and managed to convey to the wortb ? Presi dent a hint that lt would be well fer him to secure the door of the canlage-honao. Instead of paying any heed to this sug gestios. the doctor proceeded on tba appointed night to the carriage-house', and ensconsed his portly person inside tho vehicle;; D In less than an.hour somo half-dozen young .gentleman came to his retreat and cautiously withdrew the car riage" into tho' road. When" they were fairly out of tho college precincts they began to joke freely with each other by nome. Ono of them complained of the weight of the carriage, ana another replied bjr swearing it waa heavy enough to have tho old fellow himself inside. For near ly a milo they proceeded along the road, and theo, struck into tho woods to a cover which they concluded would effectually conceal the vehicle. Making themselves infinitely morry at the doctor's expense, and conjecturing hov and when b*> would find his carriage, they at length reached the spot/ where they had ro ?O?TC? to ?eave ir. Just as they Were about to depart-having ones more con cluded that "the carnage .waa heavy enough to have the old doctor and all hu tribe in it"--they were startled by tho sudden dropping of one Of tbs glass panels, and the well-known v?ice of the doctor himself, thus addressing them : "So, so, younggentlemen, you are go ing to leave mein the woods, are you ? Surely, as you have brought mo hither for your own gratification, you will not refuse to take me back for mine. Come, Mr.-, andr- and-;-, buckle to and let us return ; it is gettiu? late 1" There was no appeal ; for tho window was raised, and' the doctor resumed his wvw m wura, Ul? uia comfited young gentlemen took their places at the pole and the back of the vehicle, and quite as expeditiously, if with less voice, did they retrace their course. In silcnco they dragged the carriage into ita wonted place, and then retreated precipitately to their rooms, to dream of the account they most render on the morrow. When they had retired, the doctor quietly vacated the carriage and wont to bis house, where he related the story to his family with much glee. AJV ACT to Prevent Fishing with Nets in the Fresh Water Streams of this State at Certain Seasons of the Year. > rSSorrawr 1. Be.U enacted by the Sen ate end House of Kepreseuattvea of tho State of Sooth Carolina,'now metsnd sit ting in uenerai Assembly, and by tho authority of the same, That it shall not be lawful for any person in the Counties of Marion, Horry, Darlington, Claren don. Georgetown and Williamsburg to fish with nets and gigs orsa) traps ia any of tho fresh water rivers, creeks or lakes in said Counties between tho fif teenth day of April tod t the first day of September In any year hereafter. Bm 2. That any person violating tba Previsions of the foegotagSection aboil o deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, aird 'upon conviction thereof br ? Court of competent jurisdiction shall bo fined ia a sum of twenty do'lara or imponed in the County jail for a period Oj&^HSS SEO. S. This Act ekaD lalw^t* flrw? ?nd after its pattago.