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BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY, AUGUST 23, 1877._VOL. XIH-ffO. 6. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION.-Two Dollars per annum, and Oxe Dollar for six months. Subscriptions are not taken for a less period ?Iban six months. Liberal deductions made to clubs of ten or ?*iore subscribers. RATES OF ADVERTISING.?One Dollar per quare ol one inch for the first insertion, and Fifty 'C eats per square for subsequent insertionslessthan three months. No advertisements counte less than a square. Liberal contracts will be made with those wishing *o advertise for three, six or twelve months. Ad? vertising by contract must be confined to the im ?tn ;liate business of the firm or Individual contrac? ting. Obituary Notices exceeding five lines, Tributes ?of Respect, and all personal communications or matters of individual interest, will be charged for sat advertising rates. Announcements of marriages and deaths, and notices of a religious character, are (respectfully solicited, and will be inserted gratis COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. An Essay Read Before the State Orange at Anderson, S. C, August 9lh, 1877, by Col. Thomas Taylor, President of the State Agricultural and Mechanical Association. Since the early settlement of this Con? tinent the products of the soil have been the basis upon which our prosperity rests. We ore an agricultural people, and re? quire peace and quiet for the pursuit of agriculture. Originally, the natural fer? tility of the soil was very great; the tim? ber was cut down and destroyed to ena? ble the farmer to grow those products which fed and clothed the people of this ?country and a large portion of the people ?of the world. The system pursued by the farthers was to cut down the timber -and plant the same crop yearly without ?any rest to the land, until it became al? most unproductive; then they turned their attention to clearing more land, and the same ruinous system was pursued until the whole country was cleared and ex* hausted -in what are known as the old settled States of this Continent. So soon as this system of cultivation had exhaus? ted the'most productive land in South Carolina, our people began moving to new States, which were represented as more fertile, when the same system of j planting and cultivating was pursued, until they, too, became exhausted to a great degree. It is apparent to us all that the result must be the same so long as this system of agriculture prevails. Peace and quiet reigned over the land for almost a century; then came about a sectional trouble, which upset our State government and changed our system of | labor. It then became necessary to re? sort to a different plan and mode of pre? paration to make the products upon the exhausted lands pay the producer. How was this condition of things to be re? lieved? That was the question to the farmers. He felt very little disposed to make an effort with almost a certainty of | failure. Still, something must be done to enable' him to support and educate his children. It was impossible to make enough manure on his farm to supply to the exhausted land what the plant re? quired, and he felt disheartened at the prospect. The improvement in agricultural im? plements had been very great, and he naturally turned his attention to supply? ing this .defect in a measure by ploughing and better culture. In some instances this proved successful; in most cases it was ruinous to tho land, burying what little soil was left in the land to such a depth that the plant could not reach it to make use of it; for observation proves that the plant does not penetrate beyond a certain depth to find and take up its nourishment; thus the land became less productive than before. A few years ago the whole country went wild upon results of experiments by Mr. Dixon, of Georgia, and without cal? culating the effect of deep ploughing upon the different grades of soil that ex? ists in each State, many planters adopted the plan laid down by Mr. Dixon for all soils; they made many failures, de? nounced improved implements and deep ploughing, and went back to the old shovel plough without knowing why they had failed. A friend of mine had a plantation on which he thought Dixon's ploughing and culture would produce similar results. He read Mr. Dixon's articles with great care and attention; he bought the mules and ploughs, and he ploughed and sub soiled until he could almost see the glit? ter of gold with each furrow the plough turned. He had his land ploughed and harrowed and ready for the seed before his neighbor commenced work. About this time his neighbor, who had the same kind of soil, thrashed down his cotton and corn stalks, and with the old short shove! plough reversed the old beds and planted his 'rop. My friend, whose place looked like a garden, could not but feel a pity for the failure that was ahead for his neighbor. Both-crops were plan? ted, and both came up. My friend's heart went out in sympathy over the feeble effort made by his neighbor. But lo ! the neighbor's crop soon passed his in size, and continued to do so up to har? vesting. The result of harvest was still greater than between the growth and fruiting; and he, disgusted with im? proved implements, went back to the old shovel plough, and pronounced Dixon a humbug. Here is a case where all the bearings were not taken into considera? tion. My friend attempted to accom? plish in one year what Mr. Dixon had taken probably five years to do, turning the land shallow at first, and increasing the depth gradually, by which means he preserved what there was of soil left upon the land for the use of the plant. The success of the farmer has been the result of experiment, and not of knowl? edge; and so long as we work in the dark no specified result can be certain. It is self evident that all land must be ploughed, but how should it be ploughed depends upon the character of the soil. Sandy soil should be ploughed shallow first; it may be subsoifed to any depth, and the ploughing may be deepened each year without injury to land or crop. Clay and bottom land can be ploughed deeper, following with the subsoil, and increasing the depth in ploughing yearly. All land should be ploughed in the fall and winter, and get the benefit of frost and ice; land gets a great deal of fructi? fying power from ice and frost. We now have exhausted land and improved im? plements which enables us to prepare the land thoroughly for the seed. We need something more. We get that in the commercial manures, which supply to the plant those chemical properties which have been exhausted by long culture and injudicious management. We now have land and implements but we need something to make the land productive to a sufficient degree to pay the producer. We find underlying some of the land and waters in the lower part of the State a phosphatic deposit, which, upon being ground and rendered soluble, forms the basis of a manure, which sup? plies to lands those properties which have been exhausted. These mixtures, known as commercial manures, have become generally used, and have even, with our experimental applications, paid the pro? ducer in some instances. The vast source of wealth to the State and farmer seems to be providential, and is?-the means by which we will be enabled to recover our losses in a great measure. If the farmers had known how to make proper use of this discovery, their lands would have improved yearly, instead of failing, after repeated applications of fertilizers. It is almost the universal system of the farmer to apply the cotton seed, with its increase by the use of commercial manure, to some other exhausted land, instead of re? turning the same to the land that made it. Thereby they render the land less productive each year, after the first or second application. This system will not build up our exhausted lands, but have the reverse effect. The rotation of crops in some degree removes the difficulty, but even that will not effect it entirely. You must return all the increased pro? duction of an acre of land, which is used as manure, to the same land, and not at? tempt to build up two pieces of land' with the production of one. No land can stand such depletion and pay the producer. The best evidence of the fer? tility of our lands is that they have been able to stand such a system of culture arid produce anything. I have traveled over some of the best farming lands in the Northwest, the New England and Middle States. The same system would and did, for a time, render these lands very poor. The owners, however, saw the error of their culture, and adopted a system of rotation?planting a piece of land once in three years, sowing grass and limeing. What was the result? Their lands increased in yield steadily until they surpassed their virgin state. The same thing can be done here, with equal success, by a rotation of crops? sowing peas and clover and turning in the same. Do not take these from the land because they look so fine and you are short of rough food for your mules and cattle. The natural fertility of our lands cannot be disputed. No State has riiore natural advantages than South Car? olina. We can grow all the crops that are grown on the Continent, from the olive and banana down to the most sub? stantial needs of a people. Where can we find such an Eden ? Yet, with these natural advantages, we are poor. Gen? tlemen, the remedy is within our reach. First, we must settle in our minds that we will stay where we are. There is no better place to move to, and then we must work in the constitution of the land. The land holds the power to pre? pare the food for the plant, but you have to put the material into it, just as you supply the stomach with food, which is then churned up and distributed to make blood, bone ana muscle. How is the fertilizer to be used with the largest result to the farmer ? Is it by applying large quantities to the acre ? I emphatically say, no. You require only what the land will utilize for the plant to consume, and all over that sup? ply is wasted for that year, and I think is lost to the farmer. How will you as? certain the quanity the land will enable the plant to use? Up to this time that has been experimental and calculated by the result obtained. In some instances it has been remunerative, in others the reverse. I assert, without fear of contra? diction, that fertilizers cannot be used successfully without ascertaining first, what the ' land has been exhausted of; second, what quantity of fertilizer the land will enable the plant to consume. This can be obtained only by analysis. This would be expensive to the farmers singly, but not so as a whole. There is one fact to be kept in mind. The consti? tutional tone of the land must be parti? ally restored before you can reap large results from the use of fertilizers. Land that will produce 600 pounds of seed cot? ton without the aid of fertilizers will cer? tainly produce from one-third to one-half more by their use. It may double the yield. That, however, would" be too large an estimate as a general rule. I have had, with the application 'of 200 pounds of Pacific guano, on river land, a yield of 1,200 and 1,500 pounds per acre of seed cotton, which did not yield more than 500 to 600 pounds without it. I have also had the same result from the Etiwan, both beating Peruvian guano. This land, however, seemed particularly adapted to the application of fertilizers, and the crop has never fallen back in the past four years.' These lands were cleared by the Indian, before the white man settled the country. The manner and mode of applying fertilizers is very uniform; it is sowed in a deep furrow.and the dirt lapped npon it?the cotton being planted upon the top of the bed. Sometimes a second application is made after the cotton is thinned to a stand by running a furrow close to the cotton, sowing the fertilizer and throwing a furrow upon it. This second application gives a new impetus to the plant, and goes far to perfecting its fruit if there is enough vitality in the land to give sustenance to the plant for so long a time. There is very often visi? ble in the month of August upon the cot? ton what is called rust by many, farmers. The leaves decay and drop off and the plant dies. I say it is not rust in most cases, but proceeds from the soil being unable to supply food any longer, the fertilizer having exhausted all the vitali? ty that was in the land for that crop. The cotton had attained a good size, well fruited, all opened and picked early in September. It may be said by some that preaching and practice are two different things. I admit that you may preach always, bnt unless we practice we cannot expect to cure the land of poverty. The longer the land is without medicine and food for the plant, the more difficult will be the task of building it up. There is no time like the present to begin with the remedy. PLANTATION ENGINES. An Essay Read Before the Summer Meeting of the State Grange at Anderson, S C, on the 9th of August 1877, by Richard Tozer, Esq., of Columbia, Vice President of the State Agricultural Society, Within the last 100 years steam has been used for almost * every purpose where a power has been required. No motive power known to man is equal to it. Engines of every form and size have been made and used. It has aided man? kind in spreading civilization and Chris? tianity to.the most remote part of the known world, and without it the com? merce of the world would be brought to a standstill. The plantation engine may be said to date from 1849, when Mr. Wm. Libby, of Charleston, built the first plan? tation engine that we have any record of, and was used on a rice plantation on the Cambahee Eiver. Previous to the war between the States, this class of engine was unknown in the upper part of this State, but the change in our labor system compelled our planters to adopt labor saving machinery, wherever it could be adopted. And I know of no machinery that has responded more profitably to the farmer than the steam engine. No in? vestment will pay a better interest for the amount invested. To gin cotton with horse power, it takes four good horses to run a fifty-saw gin, and if they turn out four bales per day they are do? ing pretty well. It costs about $2.50 per day to feed this stock. A good six-horse engine is capable of running txoo fifty-saw gins, and if the gins are in good order they should turn out from ten to twelve bales per day, at a cost not exceeding fifty cents for fuel, for an engine con? structed on proper principles should not consume over half a cord of wood to per? form the above work. So you can readi? ly perceive that there is much advantage in using steam over animal power. The same economy is obtained at whatever work you apply the steam engine to? threshing grain, grinding corn and sugar cane and sawing lumber, for even as small as a six-horse engine can be made to saw with a thirty-six-inch saw mill, costing about $200, from twelve to fifteen hundred feet of lumber per day. And here let me say I believe the plantation engine will do more to solve the fence question than all the legislation that can be brought to bear upon tbe subject. It is only tbe scarcity of fence material that agitates the question so much. With a I good stock of fence lumber on band the farmer can easily keep up his fences. Besides his fences, with a small saw mill and a steam engine, he can always have a stock of lumber on hand for any im? provement he may desire to make. There has been many improvements in the plantation engine since it first intro? duction, but others are yet in store for this little friend of the farmer. When? ever it is requisite to move the present engine from one locality to another, a team has to be taken from the field to move it. This is not economy; for the plantation engine having double the power it takes to move its own weight, should be made to propel itself and draw whatever machine it is to work. This is done in other countries. The arguments that arises here is our roads are bad.? True, our roads are bad indeed, but they can be improved, and there is ample room for our County Commissioners to show us what they know about road making. Gentlemen, give us a good country road and we will give you a plan? tation engine that will move over the country without taking the team from the field at your busiest time, when your crops need working most. A few words on the construction of a plantation engine, and I close: The first and most important part is the boiler; this should be built of the best iron. The locomotive type is the best steam genera? tor that has yet been produced. The flues should, for burning wood, not be less than two inches nor larger than three inches, and a sufficient number intro? duced, with the surface of the fire box, to give from ten to twelve square feet to the horse power, and of a sufficient strength to withstand a pressure of 100 pounds to the square inch. The engine should be composed of as few parts a pos? sible for its proper movement aud made of the best of metal, that it may be made as light as possible. One very essential part is the pump. This should receive the best attention, for many a life has been lost through an engine's pump fail? ing to work and the water in the boiler being allowed to fall below the proper height. Proper attention should also be given to the safety valve, so that, should the engine have to stop working, or be? come deranged in any manner, any ex? cess of steam may be allowed to escape free. A mounted engine should be made to follow in the track of a common coun? try wagon, for by so doing it will be easier on the animals pulling it. In pur? chasing an engine I would advise you to get the best, for it's always the cheapest in the end, and avoid those cheap ma? chines which are a curse to the purchaser and a disgrace to the builder. They are made to sell, and often kill these who try to get work out of them. Purchase your machinery as near home as possible. In so doing you will not only confer a bene? fit on your own citizens, but you will add to the wealth of your State by keeping your money at home, and by carrying out that principle so often talked off?build up factories of your own. Senator Beck on Party Discipline. We invite public attention to the re? marks of the distinguished Senator from Kentucky, on the subject of Democratic organization at this time. His career in the House of Representatives durng the dark days of Radical ascendancy was so marked by consistency and courage, that among numerous eloquent and able men Kentucky chose him to represent her. in the Senate. On the 4th of August he delivered an elaborate and powerful speech on the political situation. We have no room to-day to do more than re? produce the following extract, which we trust our public will read carefully : "Democratic policy is coming to the front, equality of States and people, home rule and local self-government has been conceded already?with a majority of States presided over by Democratic Gov? ernors, with a clear majority of all the people, regardless of race, color or pre? vious condition, on our side; with a ma? jority of white votes larger than the white vote cast for General Washington on either occasion when he was unani? mously elected President of the United States; with the House of Representa? tives in our hands, and the Senate almost so; with the certainty that it will be so at the expiration of the present Congress, it is certain that we cannot only inaugu? rate, but carry out in the near future, all the reforms we demand and pledged our? selves to maintain in the platform of the party as proclaimed at St. Louis. With such prospects, with such a cause, when we all know that success is only possible through unity of action and purpose; when the only tactics left to the enemy is to divide in order to conquer us, it seems to me to be the very extreme of madness and folly for Democrats now to allow anything to separate or weaken them. I can hardly understand how men can run 'independent' or vote for 'independents' at a time like this. I fully appreciate the policy of Radicals, who cannot elect a member of their own party, fostering discontent and placing in office refractory or rebellious Demo? crats ; but how any Democrat can either abandon or weaken the power or the dis? cipline of his party now passes my com Erehension. Kentucky's motto should e held up before the eyes of all?'Uni? ted we stand, divided we fall.' Our strength consists only in our unity. Sepautely we are atoms, combined we are invincible. The single arrow could be snapped like a reed; the well-wrapped bundle of arrows could not be bent. In a crisis like this, it is far better to have open enemies than secret foes. Those who cannot act with the Democratic or? ganization had better join the Radical party. "The organization and discipline of a party must be as compact as that of an army. Our strength in Kentucky is our most dangerous source of weakness. Per? sonal wrangles for place rarely divide us when our opponents are equal, or nearly equal, in strength ; they spring up and destroy us when the opposition can only be felt in our dissensions by throwing its weight into one scale or the other. That is their policy now, all over Kentucky. Strict party discipline alone can counter? act it. If a soldier, in time of war, who had enlisted in your army, refused to obey orders, lert the ranks, called him? self independent, and professed to be fighting on your side while he was draw? ing his ammunition, provisions and sup Elios from the enemy, you would drive im from among you or shoot him as a deserter. You know that the enemy would never support a soldier in any conflict, civil or military, who is not in their opinion aiding their cause and weakening the man they are seeking to defeat. 1 repeat, our only safety is in unity, subordination to party discipline, obedience to the will of the majority; and all who refuse to conform to party orders and support our nominees had best be driven into the camp of the enemy."?Journal of Commerce. ? "Suppose we pass a law," said a severe father to his daughters, "that no girl eighteen years old, who can't cook a good meal shall get married until she learns how to do it?" "Why, then, we'd all get married at seventeen," responded the girls in sweet chorus. The Redaction of the Army and the Establishment of a Militia. Washington, August 2,1877. If tbe strike and riots which have just disturbed the country shall prove insuf? ficient to arouse the American people to a full sense of the dangers upon which they have been driven by the unconstitu? tional and centralizing policy of the Re? publican party, with the habits of profli? gacy its political methods engendered, and the monstrous brood of soulless mo? nopolies its administration created, there is little prospect of peace for us in the future. No such uprising of any class of the population has ever occurred in any civ? ilized country without an adequate cause; and if we are wise and just, instead of expending our resources of denunciation upon the mobs which have already been suppressed by canister and hunger, we will demand of those in authority and entrusted with legislation a remedy for tbe evils in our system which have exci? ted the working people to law breaking and violence. If such remedy be not promptly dis? covered and applied, far deadlier evils will spring up around us and strike their pernicious roots deeper and more firmly into our institutions. The wild riotings which so recently startled and terrified the country were but "the forests of gourds that overtop the infant cedars and aloe trees, but like the prophet's gourds wither on tbe third day." The rioti caused much suffering, destroyed much property, and resulted in the loss of a number of lives. That is all they did in the way of harm, and they are over now; but new life and vigor have been impar? ted to the centralizing ideas of the late administration. We do not hear so much of the measures of statesmanship necessary to control the overgrown corporations and monopolies of the country, and to eman? cipate trade and industry from the special and unwise legislation, which are at the bottom of our late troubles, as we do of the need of a great standing army to suppress insurrection and compel tbe submission of tbe people to the existing order of things. We hear, also, of the necissity of giving the Federal govern? ment control of the railways and tele? graph, and, indeed, of every essential to a centralized government, with an igno? rant and uncouth aristocracy of monopo? lists, with tbe manners of the slums, out of which three-fourths of them sprang; of army officers and corrupt and subser? vient politicians. Many even of the miserable fools who composed the howl? ing mobs of last week, cried out for this combination and concentration of tbe powerful and unscrupulous agencies which had worked their misery, and, combined, would crush them under their heel as though they were worms of the dust. communism and centralization. If in the midst of all the turmoil, and following its cessation, we bad heard only of Communism, there would be little to apprehend. The impracticability of Communism renders its advocates, ex? cept as rioters and robbers, quite innox? ious. But the theories of government, to which the troubles have giyen such aggressive prominence, while threatening to our free institutions and to the peace and security of the country, are not only practical theories, but extremely fascina? ting theories. The policy of largely increasing the army in particular is advanced and urged with renewed pertinacity by many ot the ablest generals of tbe country, and we need not be surprised if, when Congress assembles, we find many half-witted Democrats and Democratic papers crawl? ing on their knees to apologize for with? holding the appropriations for the army asked for at the last session, and ready and eager to concede any demand the administration or the Republican leaders may make for an increase of the army I trust, however, that tbe common sense of tbe people will see the folly of all such propositions. The late riots do not suggest the need of a standing army nor the propriety of turning over to the general government the. control of the railway and telegraph lines, nor of other? wise concentrating power and patronage at Washington. What they do suggest is the necessity of reversing the central? izing policy of the Republican party, and returning to the strict Democratic theory of government. I have never been so thoroughly con? vinced as I am now that the army should be abolished, or at least reduced to the number of men needed to defend the frontier and protect the public property. When it becomes necessary for the gen? eral government to interpose to preserve the peace, maintain the laws and protect Property in the several States, there will e an end of the principle or right of local self-government. The States may continue for a time to exercise by suffer? ance that right, but it will be by suffer? ance onty. The time of the utter de? struction of the right will depend upon the caprice or convenience of the central power at Washington. The surest safe? guard of the public peace, the safest power to aid the civil authority in time of public discontent, and at the same time, to preserve and protect the rights of the States and the liberties of the peo? ple, is a well orgrnized militia. It is a scandalous shame that the Governor of any State of the American Union should have found it necessary to call upon the Federal government to repress disorders within its borders. Such a necessity is a certain indication of the decay of civic virtue among the people of the common? wealth, or of the disgraceful imbecility of its administration. I realize as fully as any one the impor? tance of preserving civil order and re? pressing lawless violence; but I confess that when the arm of the President was invoked by Governors of sovereign States to maintain their authority, and tbe reg? ular army was called upon to fire upon and shoot down American citizens, the Federal government assumed, to my im? agination, at least, much of the grim and forbidding aspect of despotism, and I could not repress a sentiment of con? tempt for the degraded States too feeble and spiritless to maintain their own laws. It is to be hoped that the American people have enough love of liberty re? maining to prompt them to rebuke this senseless clamor for the increase of the army, and I trust that the Democratic press of the country will renew its de? mand for a still further reduction of both the army and navy. These institutions are not needed by the country, and exist? ing in any considerable strength, they are a living danger to the constitution and the rights of the States. Each State should be able to maintain its own laws, to repress disorders within its own bord? ers, and, in time of public danger, furn? ish promptly its quota of organized and disciplined soldiers for the common de? fence. This can be done and done only with safety by the establishment in each State of a well organized militia. From the New Orleans Democrat. the army. I the curse of nations. Fifteen years of Republican adminis? tration have imposed upon the country a system of monopolies which has been the curse of every nation in which it has ever flourished. The press has been quite exact in fixing the limit of the right of the people to resist the arbitrary and merciless exactions of these corpora? tions. Almost without an exception, every paper I have seen has declared that the men had the right to refuse to work for'the wages offered by the railroad companies, but that they had no right to prevent others from working. In a nor? mal condition of affairs this is an indis? putable proposition. But why has the press been so particular in fixing the limit of the rights of the working people while it failed to note and denounce the notorious facts that the corporations have grown stronger than the laws which they trample upon and defy ; that corrupt and subsetvient Congresses and Legislatures have granted them unconstitutional, anti Republican and extraordinary privileges, which they have increased by unresisted encroachments, and now are to dominate the commerce of the cauntry and to op? press the working people. If the strikers exceeded their right under the laws, in preventing their fellows from working for the wages offered by the companies, it is also true that the corporations are anomalies in our government; that they are the creatures of corruption, that they have held themselves higher than all con? stitutional authority, and have trampled upon private rights, public justice and common humanity. And thus has been produced the con? dition out of which springs insurrections and revolutions. It may be that the strikers overstepped the boundary of pri? vate rights, but the monopolists first dis? turbed the ecouomy of society, and dis? ordered the natural and healthful rela? tions between capital and labor. Let the blame rest upon those who first trans? gressed the law and violated the funda? mental principle of our government and of all free society. During the last fifteen years corrup? tion, favoritism, sectional malevolence and centralizing policies have dsturbed the natural order of our Republican so? ciety, and introduced in our system those obnoxious features which have in all times tended to make the rich richer and the poor poorer, until "wealth has accumulated itself into masses; and pov? erty also in accumulating enough lies impassably separated from it; opposed, uncommunicating, like forces iu positive and negative poles. And the gods of this lower world sit aloft on glittering thrones, less happy than Epicurus' gods, but as indolent and impotent; while the bound? less living chaos of ignorance and hunger welters terrific in dark fury under their feet." Is.it wonderful, then, that there has been an outbreak of the people; Unat ignorance, inflamed by wrong and mis? ery, has riseu up and lifted its brawny arm to strike at the gods whom venality and false legislation have created and set up on golden thrones. Who, indeed, will venture, before he drags down under the feet of the law, and forces into ob? servance of the privileges of humanity and the rights of society, the overgrown and bastard monopolies of the land, to call upon the law to consign to public condemnation and obloquy the revolu? tionists of last week? Revolution, after all, is but "justice reddened into wrath," and the events of last week were a revo? lution. And if those events shall result in arousing the American people to the criminality of the policies adopted by the Republican party, to the folly of a per? nicious tariff which destroys commerce, aud to the political villainy of monstrous ! monopolies which disturb the order of society and ride down the people, the millions they have cost the corporations and the trade of the country will be a cheap price for the blessings they will confer. Transfer Taxes and Freight Discrim? inations against Charleston. Editor of the Journal of Commerce: In the minds of many of the merchants of this city there is great necessity for changes in several matters touching" bus? iness. 1st. A union freight depot near the water, so that vessels can load and unload directly out and in the freight depot, would save the unnecessary expense of forwarding. The expense of transfer under the present system, alone is quite enough to drive from Charleston such trade as that which has the advantage of importing over competing lines. It has been remarked that the Enterprise Rail? road was a great addition to the trade of Charleston in facilitating through freight at low rates. The road, if the road beds are kept in order, as a passenger road, is certainly an improvement. But freight such as is now carried by the Enterprise Railroad can be carried for ten per cent, less by wagon, and if our streets are kept only in reasonably good order, such con? tract would be a desirable one. A union freight depot along the water front, so that vessels can load and unload through freight, or other freight, if is desired, direct out and in the depot, would enable us to compete with Port Royal, Savan ; nah and Wilmington, and also bring back to us from Alabama, Georgia, part of North Carolina, and the upper portion of South Carolina, the business now diverted ?the trade for heavy goods such as bag? ging, ties, phosphate, salt, syrups, and raw sugars and molasses. 2nd. We should do away with the habit of discriminating freight arrangements. This assuredly is killing the goose that lays the golden egg. We are positively driving our very best trade from us, and build other markets in opposition. Fully two-thirds of the very best trade above Columbia have already left Charleston. And, as to the extent our cotton business suffers in consequence of high rates of freights from Anderson and thereabouts, the inclosed letter will explain to you. Will you explain, and in that way con? vince the officers of the South Carolina Railroad, agents of steamers, factors and merchants that in the past the commerce of Charleston has been injured, and con? sequently their own business through heavy freight charges and discrimination in freights on goods from Charleston. It is high time that something should be done. In a few months we can look for the trade to open. What should and could be done without delay, is to re? move the discrimination in rates of freight on such goods as are shipped from Charleston to the interior of our State, and also without the least delay, reduce rates of freight on cotton, especially from the upper portion of our State. This lit? tle change alone will work wonders for Charleston ; and why is it that the South Carolina Railroad works so persistently against the commerce of this city ? Charleston. "I have the promise of lots of cotton here but we must certainly do something on freights. Can't you get the merchauts to hold a meeting and work on the rail? roads? If something is not done, we will lose 25,000 bales of cotton and any quantity of trade. With low freights we can regain all of this trade." A NEW ENGLAND TRAGEDY. Druthers Shot on a Sunday Under the Shadow of a Church. North Adams, Mass., Aug. 4. Savoy is one of the smallest towns in Massachusetts. It lies among the moun? tains near the Hoosac tunnel, and the people are all farmers, but its reputation is very bad. Many of the people are Spiritualists and Adventists, and it was in front of. the Adventist Church that a tragedy took place last Sunday that reads like a story of Southern or frontier life. On the greensward by the church door, while the congregation were standing by, a young and desperate fellow shot two men and fired his revolver at another, threatening a woman's life, and then forced the son and nephew of the men whom he had shot to drive him to a place of safety. The terrified congregation stood by and let him escape, and "as he disappeared over a hill he turned and waved his hat. This happened in a New England village on Sunday, under the shadow of a church. In Savoy two brothers, Albert and Francis Starks, live. They are both farm? ers and have the reputation of being peaceable men. Francis has a family, including a boy and girl about fifteen years old, who are twins. The little girl, Clara, is the innocent cause of the tragedy. Some time ago Herbert E. Blanchard returned to Savoy from California, and, according to his own story, he has seen a good deal of life for a man just turning twenty-three. During the four years that he lived in California he appears to have learned all that life in the mines can teach; but there is rather too much brag fadocio about his confessions of bloody eeds, of shooting scrapes, and other crimes. Since he returned he has been at work on different farms in Savoy, and for the last three weeks has worked for Philo Tower, and was a good farm hand. '. A few weeks ago he, as he says, formed an aitachment for little Clara Starks, and was paying her honorable attentions. Clara appears to have received his ad? vances favorably, for she met him many times. Stories, however, reached her father's ears about Blanchard's former life. It was said that he already had two wives, that he had boasted of his conquests of young girls' affections, and that, more? over, he was a bloodthirsty fellow who went about with revolvers and knives, which he would not hesitate to use on the slightest provocation. This is probably net true. Blanchard was fond of "talking big" and making the eyes of the Savoy youth open with astonishment as he tola of his wild adventures, but no authentic report of his ever before having shown any violence to any one can be obtained. He admits having* been married twice, but says that he is divorced from one wife and that the other is dead. Mr. Starks, however, did not wish him to pay any attentions to little Clara, and tola him so. He also told several people in Savoy that "Herbert Blanchard could not have his Clara." Blanchard says that when Starks told him his visits must cease he yielded, only writing Clara asking for a final interview, which was granted, and that then he confessed his love to her, and obtained her promise of marriage, but that this promise she afterward revoked in the presence of her father. At one of their last interviews in a little pine grove near Savoy, little Clara's brother being present, somebody in the grove fired a pistol and the bullet whizzed close by Blanchard's head. He says that he started to find the assassin but was not able to catch him, but believes the man was Leman Blanchard, who is a brother in-law of Francis Starks. An account of I this shooting appeared in the local paper f a day or two afterwards as follows:" "Considerable excitement is manifested over the recent shooting affray, from which we learn the following facts: Her? bert Blanchard of West Hawley became enamored of a fair damsel residing in Savoy, who received his attentions in op? position to paternal exhortation, conse? quently they had to hold their meetings sub rosa. Wednesday evening, the 18th, they had tbeir secret meetings, and the young Adonis was wending his way home, accompanied by Clarence Starks, when the stillness of the night was broken by the report of a pistol and the whizzing of a bullet uncomfortably near. Blanchard picked up a stone and started in the direction of the would-be assassin, who arose from a thgket of brakes and fired again, but in his haste, the bullet flew wide of its mark, and before he could fire again Blanchard was just in the rear of his flying coat-tails as they fled towards the forest, when all trace of him was lost." After this transaction Blanchard seems to have determined to be revenged. A few days before the Sunday of the trage? dy he was in the neighboring town of j West Hawley, and met there Wm. L. Luce. To Luce he showed a revolver, and said that he had had some trouble with Charlie Blanchard and Francis Starks, and that be was going to shoot them, adding that his name would riug louder in Savoy than ever before. He also told Alfred W. Burnett of Savoy that he had a shot gun, and was then on his way to shoot Francis Starks, that he proposed to settle with him with powder and ball. Starks at that time was away, which probably prevented Blanchard from carrying out his threats. He told Burnett also that the next time he met Starks one or the other of them would sleep cold that night. Nothing seems to have been done by the Savoy people to pre? vent the execution of these threats. On Sunday morning, July 29, the little Advent Church was well filled. Elder Sears preached to the congregation, and during his sermon Blanchard came in and stayed a little while. Before the ser? vices were finished Francis Starks left the chapel. After the morning meeting the people stood on the church steps talk? ing about the bad weather, the crops, &c, while the choir was inside rehearsing for the afternoon service. Somebody at this time showed little Clara the above ac? count of the shooting, and the girl burst into tears. Her father was standing near by, talking with seveial persons, among whom was Blanchard's father. Seeing his daughter in tears, Starks asked her what the matter was, and she showed him the newspaper. Just then young Blanch? ard was seen coming up the road with a friend; and Starks went to him rapidly and very indignant. He accused Blanch? ard of causing the insertiou of the articlo in the newspaper, which Blanchard de? nied. "Go away or I shall hurt you," said Blanchard. "I am not afraid of you," replied Starks. Then Starks wanted Blanchard to step one side with him to talk the matter over, and Blanchard told him that if he wanted to say or do anything there was no better place than where they were. Accounts differ as to what followed. Some of the witnesses say that Starks Bhook his fist in Blanchard's face; others say that he did not; but all agree that Blanchard struck Starks twice, and that both clinched and fell. Albert Starks then ran up to help his brother, and the congregation on the church steps looked complacently on. Albert pulled Blanch? ard off of his brother, ana all three lay struggling on the hank. Then Blanch ard's father tried to separate them, and had just seized Albert Stark's hair when the report of a pistol was heard. This was immediatety followed by another re? port, and the heap of struggling men sep? arated. Francis Starks jumped up and ran down the street, and Blanchard fol? lowed, firing three shots at him. Then he turned back, and seeing Albert stag? gering toward the church, he went to him. "Hold up your arms," said Blanchard to the dying man. Starks did so. "Now go down on your knees," said Blanchard, pointing the re? volver at him. Starks prostrated himself, and then Blanchard, turning on his heel, marched proudly up to the church steps where the congregation were standing looking quietly on this strange scene. Blanchard saw Mrs. Laura Haskins, who is a friend of the Starks family, standing on the church steps, and pointing his revolver at her he said, "Damn you,' Fve a good mind to shoot you too." "Herbert, stop this," said the mild school teacher, Zebu Ion Kemp, and then Blanchard pointed his revolver at Kemp, who struck it just as it was discharged, the bullet ploughing the ground. Just then Blanchard's father seized him from behind and held him while somebody in the crowd at last mustered courage to take the revolver away. Blanchard was then released, and, rushing into a neighboring house, seized a shot gun, and said he was going to get even with some of the rest of them, but the gun was taken away from him. He then walked coolly over to the church, where Albert Starks lay gasping, the bul? let having entered below the left shoulder and passed through the body. Blanchard looked at Starks a moment^andsomeone told him Starks was dying. "Served him right," was the only re? sponse. The men who had stood around and seen all this, who saw Albert Starks, ap arently breathing his fast, and who new in a few moments that Francis Starks bad been shot through the groin, and who had seen the attempt made to shoot Mr. Kemp, and heard the threats made to Mrs. Haskins?these men appear to have done nothing to. arrest Blanchard. He moved around among them without anything being said to him except, per? haps, a mild remonstrance. Blanchard himself, however, at last thought that it would be well to make his escape. He saw Francis Starks' son driving down the road. The boy had been sent by his grandfather for a doctor. Blanchard seized the horse and then got in the wag? on, compelling the son of the man whom he had shot, and who was going for med? ical aid for his father to drive him (Blanchard) to a man who owed him some money. Just at the top of the hill Blanchard turned and saw the congrega? tion still standing on the church steps looking at him. Taking off his hat, he waved it to the crowd, and then disap? peared. Then he told little Starks that he was sorry he had shot his father, and immediately after said he was glad. "It was good enough for the old man if he couldn't mind his own business." Then he added in great glee, "1 made Albert go down on his knees and beg like a beg? gar." It was late on Sunday afternoon before the people of Savoy realized what kind of a tragedy had taken place, and then an attempt was made to find the man, but he was far away over the mountains, the ride which he made the Starks boy give him had helped him a good five miles on his way. But the local author? ities, to show that they were at last alive, arrested two young men who had ex? pressed sympathy for Blanchard. But where to look for Blanchard they did not know. Clear-headed officers in an ad? joining town, who knew something of Blanchard, surmised that he would go to Vermont, where he had relatives, and they went as rapidly as possible to the town, South Readsboro, where these rel? atives lived. Other parties scoured the mountains all night in a driving rain storm. Deputy Sheriff Gould and aposse on horseback rode up at daybreak Mon? day morning to within a short distance of tire house where Blanchard was be? lieved to be. Then one of tlie posse went' to the door and asked if he could buy a horse there. Satisfied that Blanchard was in the house, this man made a signal and the posse came rapidly to the house. Blanchard was found iu a bedroom armed with a shotgun. He had peered through the blinds, and saw that he was overpowered. "I give up; I have lost my deal," he said, as the officers rushed into the bed? room ; "but if the hadn't been so many of you, I should have shot you." The preliminary hearing was held here yesterday and to-day, but no facts other than those given were brought out. The two young men who were arrested as ac? cessaries were discharged, there not being any evidence to hold them. But Blanch? ard will have to stand trial, probably for murder, as there is no possible chance for Albert Starks to recover.' His physician says he cannot live more than two or three days. Francis may recover. Blanchard has a most repulsive face. He has the swagger and loud airs of a country dandy; wears a big silver ring on one of his little fingers; his hair is oiled and puffed out with barbers' curls, and parted very rigidly behind, after the fashion of rural young men. His fore? head is very low, his eyes steelly blue, and he has a very faint moustache ana goatee. The little girl, Clara Starks, is not out of short clothes yet. Her short, yellow hair is cut close around the neck and hangs loosely. She has handsome dark eyes and a fresh complexion, and in her calico dress and straw sun bonnet looked like a romping school girl who hadn't got over her fondness for dolls yet. Blanchard in the court room acted in a reckless, bullying fashion yesterday, laughing with his friends, and apparent lyvperfectly indifferent. His manner has changed completely to-day since the tes? timony has been brought out that he pre? meditated his crime, and he realizes that he is in great danger of being hanged, for he knows that one of the men must die. Some years ago he tried to force his attentions on a young girl in Savoy and was warned away by her father. He went into the woods, took off his coat and vest and smeared them with red paint, and left a dagger beside them. Then he went away. The clothes were found and a party made up to search the woods, and at last Blanchard was found in his shirt sleeves. One of the party was so indig? nant that he set his dog on Blanchard, and the coward cried and begged for mercy. He has been a great reader of dime novels and blood-and-thunder sto ries. Mock Oyster Fritters.?\y?t>h and grate some roots of salsify; sc;?-n with pepper and salt. To a cupln! <>f the grated root add one-half cup ? I milk, a well-beaten egg and prep:> ? ?! flour enough to make a not very si id hatter. Drop a spoonful at a time irto l>?iling drippings and cook until a delicate brown. LEGAL ADVERTISINGy?Vie are compelled to require cash payments for advertising ordered by Executors, Administrators and other fiduciaries and herewith append the rates for the ordinary notices, which will only be inserted when the money comes with the order: Citations, two insertions, .... $3.00 Estate Notices, three insertions, - ? . 2.00 Final Settlements, five insertions - - 8D0 TO CORRESPONDENTS.?In order to. receive attention, communications must be accompanied by the true name and address of the writer. Re? jected manuscripts will not be returned, unless the necessary stamps are furnished to repay the postage thereon. 49** We are not responsible for the views and opinions of our correspondents. All communications should be addressed to "Ed* itors Intelligencer," and ell checks, drafts, money orders, Ac, should be made payable to the order of E. B. MURRAY A CO., Anderson, S. C. A BIT OF SECRET HISTORY. Why Grant's Order Removing the Troops from the Packaid State House was Never Carried Out. Col. W. M. Levy has given to the Nachitoches Vindicator an interesting ac? count of some of the. inside workings of the Grant Administration at the close of its last term. Concerning the order which President Grant issued to General Augur for the withdrawal of the troops, Col. Levy says: On the 2nd of March General Grant showed to us the draft of the order di? recting the withdrawal of the troops, in accordance with his previously declared intention, which he said he would send to Gen. Augur by telegraph. That General Grant did direct this order to be sent I am fully satisfied and convinced; how or by whom it was suppressed or withheld I am unable to state, and in time, perhaps, a disclosure may be made which will fix the perfidy where it be? longs. There are some curious and interest? ing facts connected with this matter which the Times can now properly give to the public. The President issued the order mentioned by Colonel Levy. It was sent to General Sherman at 12 m., March 2nd. For some reason the Presi? dent did not submit the order to the Sec? retary of War, nor did the Secretary know that it bad been issued until by ac? cident he learned that it was in the Ad? jutant General's hands &r transmission to New Orleans. He immediately or? dered the Adjutant General not to send it, as it had not come through "the proper military channels." General Townsend tried to say that "the Presi? dent and General Sherman-"D?n the President and Sherman, too," broke in the angry Pennsylvanian; "I am either Secretary of War or I am not. Grant, who is an older soldier, ought to have known better than to do a thing which is a deliberate insult to me." He directed General Townsend to notify General Sherman that "the order to General Augur to remove the troops from the State House in Louisiana was with? held by the Secretary of War for suffi? cient reasons." General Sherman went at once to the President, and said that while he would send the order himself if the President wished, yet as it was one of great importance, it had better go through the proper channels and be sign? ed by the Secretary of War, and that he thought Cameron had better be sent for. The President himself wrote Cameron a note and asked Mr. Luckey, his private Secretary, to be the bearer of it, as the matter was one of great importance. Mr. Cameron immediately went to the White House and found the President and Gen? eral Sherman awaiting him. "Cameron," said the President, "I is? sued an order to-day for the removal of the troops from the Louisiana State House. I learn that you have suppressed it. Why did you do. this ?" "Mr. Presi? dent," said the Secretary^ "you are an old soldier and a very distinguished one. I do not believe you would put an insult on me; yet I find you disregarding the plainest principle of official etiquette by transmitting orders which should go : through my hands, without my knowl? edge or consent. As the Secretary of War I rank General Sherman. He is my subordinate: He has no right to for? ward an order, not even from you, unless it goes through the regular channels. I Your conduct was irregular. I stopped I the order. If you insist upon its being sent by General Sherman, I shall notify General Augur to disregard any orders [ not signed by me. While I am Secretary of War I am entitled to the considera? tion that belongs to the position. If it is not accorded me by my subordinates I will take care to see that its neglect is properly resented." General Sherman's face was a study. Upon the point of etiquette Cameron was right. The President sat still, his face as motionless and impassive as that of Secretary Stanton that stood near his right hand, carved in stone. As Cam? eron rose to go, he said: "Mr. President, I have only two more days to serve in your Cabinet. If you desire my resigna? tion, it is at your service." There hap? pened to be an old Louisiana college friend and class-mate of Cameron's in Washington. As this gentleman's per? sonal relations with Cameron were of a character that gave him the entree to the war office at any hour, he was requested to find out what the matter was. "Don," he said, "what is the hitch in that order of Grant's. I know it was issued at 12 m. to-day, and I also know that it has never left the city." The Secretary re? plied that Grant had tried to send the order without his knowledge and that he bad stopped it. He said that while he was a Republican, he felt that there ought to be a change in the management of Southern affairs; that he had with? held the order as much from personal rea? son and a feeling that he had not been treated as he should have been in the matter as anything else. Two days after this Cameron went out of office with Grant?New Orleans Times. "Oh My, it's Dad."?A laughable in? cident occurred recently, which caused much sport, and the circumstances of which are as follows: ? An old gentleman who had two hand? some daughters was so cautious of his charge that he would not permit them to keep the company of young men. How? ever, they adopted the following expedi? ent to enjoy the company of their lovers: After the old man had retired to rest, the girls would hang a sheet out of the sec? ond story window, and Jim and Charley would seize hold of it, and with the as? sistance of the girls would thus gain en? trance. 'It so happened last Sunday evening that the girls hung ont the sheet ladder too early, for the old man, by some ill wind, was accidentally out of doors, and happening to come around the corner of the house, and spying the sheet dangling from the window could not con? jecture the meaning of its being there. So he caught hold and endeavored to bring it down. The girls above foppos ing it to be the boys, began to hoist and did not discover the mistake until the old man's bald head was level with the sill, when one of them exclaimed, "Oh my, it's dad!" and let go her hold, which frightened the sister, and she let go the sheet and down came the old man on the stone side walk, breaking his wrist and tearing his unmentionables. His cries brought out the household and several neighbors, (and there he laid jist as fat as mad.) They removed him into the house. He is now busy cogitating whether to let the girls have their beaux in the parlor or to sue the young men for damages. The boys haven't been round to offer any sympathy and probably won't until the old gent feels easier. The comfort of its posseasioajs ,yery, frequently offset by the annoyance occa-" sionedby the continual crying of the Baby. Crying, however, is. the child's only method of suggesting that it suffers with, discomfort and pain, and at once ceases when the cause is (as it should be) promptly removed by using Dr. Ball's Baby Syrup. Sold everywhere. 25 cents per bottle.