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E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY. JULY 19, 187T. VOL. XIII-NO. 1 mt ? per annum, and Ox* I# nNT| H Siibscrlptlona are qJ5* N K Mian ?Ix montas. F&i? Jfe Liberal dt*IucUou?yvV?_ ?E . .?ore subscribers. ?. . g /M ras O??- Anfjr^^ mr i ?piare ol ono inch/Cf-loC^N Ia*- ?Tesis pc ; .uuare Vg>*? ? ree 'nonlhs. ^>/> thsu a square. l.?>?raIcontr*jfv^ <?tf<M i o adrertise for# N/iT*?? '. . TerHaioK br c# X* mediste bus li? X? ' yCituary W o-f . Rt jpecjOT matters ofiy at ?dvftrtUV and dt A ty ?-A, <#tend I I f? ^?>rivile* -the Fairl] the SUA; [fl J. A. Davis!', I-jront grist mUl}> ^ Crvek, in ?avnf? ?/ow prepared to gdK fl . inay^lesire. f; Jl Mr. B. F. Cruyjfef (jr/ nine bushels of on fi had a buncli wilpri heads from a sin? I was a very lino qSBj-J Pendleton is ??tora lb) citizens cen tart; j gi in thc nflcrnooi|^fj| prying youth, S gates in a ,lcatjt^'j?iS -Mr. i/iwardSy'f?fi of cotton pick?S,viM day. Ile reyfoien* very fino, must bc nheafiiw j)( : Rev. (?. WWL1. * sermons on Uwst,\', ing in thc IJajptI} .\tY, Gardener is "?f^'Yi and promises^ ministcrinl wo?^ljji Our iownsni^S j UR a corn tasseUKiflj ?lined car of cor?A- -ti pendant withoiaj^ only a small rt j.-lc( A queer freak in tn. for I , ^VA \ V Mr. Samuel If t?. sulTering from ^.?tii lind another se\ I h.- j Saturday, front ?" j'. I' ) /' ly- Wcaregla^AU fl -i "tfJ '3 mucl1 otAier ftjJul| Tlic citizens Hitaoi J?^*"^ pleasure of 8w'l,c Blooming ^r^et well's on last TO<^C ladies and genQj the privilege ?g nocturnal llow? S j A colored nft(1|', Reid Watson'sa-: tcrnoon. He w|S< t in swimming, ja V have been seizon was drowned ba ing at thc samqj ^ The meat ho^. Hopewell Tow%*-f last week by.lftfo I * walls and carried o I hai>s some o?ior . should, if lMj*ttbl< , . brought to pupfabJ \{ Mr. A. B.lfewK tomato last Frida (| \. season. It waa ol ?'j^f': was perfect lalla ? inches and??Vjn.? weighed^ ao^^^ . .this Grang?J???^\ .'III.. term. AftJH. ladies and jB&&n' meeting will bo ?I Cudgo Trains olfijc lastJjF fi j thc mil tuWc^|t '; . fall upon it in' n Littlo . last wee?||w?r ^^^^ i sponsihility fox'; "What is ' . Hj after unittt^^fj have neve??sc4 i . j Wa regitW-i?: I M Della, in|K?iT'j Jcptlm V. l^^^^ ^^^^^^^ subsoiling will bo necessary to n tbo primerai looseness of thc far 1 mal soil. (4*V*hilc canvassing for tho stock law I 6otn?a83ert3d that the enclosed region wouj soon bo without laborers ; that rent's would bare no place for their atoe anti would move out. But, as soo) of us believed, the thing works just the>ther way. With us, and I suppose wit' you, renters had to repair fences to prcect their crops. But they soon saw tbs it was much easier to move old rails an fence n pasture than to repair fences ar md all thc fields. Nobody has ever tb tight of refusing them a pasture any avro than a house. Nor are the rents ??y higher.than when they bad fences to repair. Take a case illustrative of many ; *r. G., a renter, was much opposed to the p-oposcd change. He and his son went t> nu election and helped to defeat it for : timo in our township. Ho boasted that e and his son could kill tho votes of the and-owner and another tenant as often is they wished to try that thing. But he law provided for it, and it was c^n ,'cnieut to take that and a few other farms, vhore owners wero willing, within tho ;ncIo3uro of another township. Mr. C. vas furiously mad, and threatened to eave, though it was the first of April, fly moving about sixty panels of old "once he got an excellent and convenient pasture, much better than tho land-owner ind. Still, ho grumbled ; he did not ?ko to be beat in that way. Towards :ho close of thc year it was signified to lim that he might go out to whero ho ..mild find things as he liked them. But ie made a contract to rent over in the :ownship which had voted for the stock aw. However, before he moved ho and tis man disagreed, but not about a pas ;ure. Then ho had to move out on a arge old place, where he could repair ences to bis henri's co?tent. Now, ;ucss what he did 1 Ho and an ndjoin ng land-owner, who had also been op posed to the change, resolved on having a "xltle fence lato between themselves. Ac :ordingly, they put up gates, threw an xitaide fence around both places, and ?ade them a pasture. A mighty revolu tion bf thoughts and feelings in one ?hort year wno that. But this year they ire- b'appy in having tho groat enclosure ;r.tcnded far beyond them. And many if ch cases have we. (5) When moving for the change, itt^fetlaw would enable not a fe?,* to hold K^tn farms from which the old fence law mjRKmt to drive them. Now, we aro to know that wo were not mis ai?"; Almost overy neighborhood fnr E^/pne or more cases to the point. i ?ne as a fair sam n o. Mr. H. owns 1 I sixty acres. He had cut his last ??C3 to repair his fences. His neigh- J ?i the brothers G., had talked the i ?r over, not very recently, that he 1 d not "hold the fort" much longer; tSk the placo would be of very little use , Minny one who did not have adjoining ; .md ; that they would take it at last and 1 livide it between them in a certain man aor. But thc stock law came to tho res- ? |up of IL, and the brothers G., who fa- i VaVed th? law, have candidly acknowl- < \4ed that "that game is spoiled." ? hu the (ame principle the law facili- , tis the dividing up of largo old farms, i mfr unwieldy aud unprofitable to their > olrters. Moby of these have several j liudred acrca of cleared land nil in one . Ij?y ; and sjiirting around thia, itt ono j ! j ?lie thirty*fi another forty, in another ' j ^fi, in anothu} sevrnty, and in another ' I hundred acriv of wood land. These, some-of th! old field, could bo read- i iljsold under he no fence law system. 1 Bi tho owner ciinot do that, because it ] j wold render moa than half of his land prctlcklly wortlifcss. The stock law, < ?: - hu. ev*-, has begin a chango already. < ITbro aro men w.p\ prefer an exhausted 1 ? fielt, that is patty level and clear of ? Arnpsjand stone,1 to tho best heavily Snoorll forest. 'i?ere they eau use the - ll ir pi ov^! iinplcmcits of culture. And jj tjcy chlo that witi'-khe same outlay of ?? .ltbor t$ty can pajfor their fertilizers, BrJ&a'lay &> more rao4y than they could Spearing pnd, rollin/iand burning hvj* fir n dofeu of yeanwiitching on roots W.^aVhoefag around 'Joes and stumps, w??abo, tiaro is at isl ip a class of enter f j^Jmg famers who, i'ltot able to buy a ":;')h . --.lion wil! buy a dd, or what will <;nak|||A fild. Far 163 importanco J ( nor.-.-,-.trailed to havitr hind all in ono * *50d^y>v?jpnly there isa road from ono ^j&MB¬her. It'W?&M to tho grasses I have this to V>y.: I '.'ive rode about ;-itt!o this spring l3?cf?i|?mnr. s-n? hc?r.?.rba?> o? thc- pio Sne^r? tho grass bus??sa, I have no gtioewarofully tho cloner, millet and glwjBp (which is tho belt of all tho for ^?gs.ynts) that have bin sown, and I ) tJilmA I hazard nothiig lu saying that J U?M**? ncr&fivo or sfc.wears ago there . ?.Ive n ty now. It. ia True, tho stock if Auas made it a ncccssty. But human fjflHo ts a curious thing It is hard to ; j^Mp out Of old ruts. Vhen ou?' judg 9?fflB? is convinced that it vouid be to our ?tffl?Bt to tnako some Ciango, we still j; -.oniothng to push i?? iv little. Ten "MtjMBlgo thlro were very few among us JUHid not say that we ought to BOW ^orbvef, and Vioan, and. corn, nud euch iflBflbat wk ought w^eep .legs Btock iHHft H better. Bu^inCttenthB of "$rj&crs dVd not dp it ; J^ptk ?o mf$h Cv^T .'^ce the change rias^^ tusni iiij?t o?lfc no one regrets haw made A jffigSnpf any ktoi. AU swt is the rHHHBttment- they have, ttl roany ?rtm'd?jt' ^by they dui not ^ it it to idi 'w^Hfto the improvement'?oclr, it t?'aO?u for marked resulte.r?Ht even Vo?Wr* opposed tho change? with tho opinion that aa fatter T^^^Kfflp^tely under couti^wiU ll^S^P^^ a^ bo/thls 1 ? i to get lt, though you may bo defeated tb? flrat tria!. yVe were tbo first election, ! and in ?otne of tbe townships at tho sec ond tr?r.?. I nevor knev.' anything to bo inore unpopular when it was first men tioned ; nvrcr anything to make friendu 80 i i i ^t r0 U at a11 practicable, I would be mud, pleased to spend a few ??c,? .u? 1 e ?Id o^0. ?nd canvaaa for thia thing, r was identified with tho movement !?r? fr0m tho finjt j 8tualed tho subject, ,nrl wroto 8everai articlea for . 5?,?ntr/r impera. I tblnk I under stand it. II you cannot carry tho Btato, go lt by COlntiea ; tr you cannot carry any county, go? into lt by townships. Take old raili and enclose a singlo town ship, if tvo or more cannot go together. You will never have tho fetfee to repair. Having seen tho working of it for ono or two years, tho adjoining townships will como in. It worked ao here. Yours truly, A. HANSON. Rainfall. liv request we publish an essay deliv ered: by Major T. W. Woodward, of Winusboro', S. C., before the Agricultu ral Congress in St. Louis on tho *?7th of May, 1872, and pronounced by 1'rof. Maury to be the beat article on tho sub ject of "Rainfall" that he had over heard. This article appeared in tho Eural Caro linian of August, 1872. We will publish in a subsequent issue an article on the opposite side of tho same question, which we think -presents the subject most forci bly. Our readers can .read, meditate and draw thoir own conclusions: RAINFALL fuSSENTIAL TO PLANT LIFE. To dwell lipon tho importance of rain fall before abody of agnculttri ta, would be like argujng the necessity ot* the pres enco of aotl jtaelf in which to plant seed for thc future crop. It! is of no less im portance, fo, without jain thero would not even be facilities for artificial irriga tion. Physiologists assert tli.it animal lifo is alono begun and developed in water. Botanists ma; nive greater claims to tho Ercsence of I lis indispensable element, otb for germinating tho E?ed and per fecting tho belies of thc vegetable . orld. Thero is, probably, not la farmr f hore who has not experienced la spell o * dry weather, during which BC WOU 1 most willingly havi exchangedall that.'" had accomplished by deep ploughing and ro tation of cropL or by tuc skilful applica tion of tho met scientifically manipula ted manures, rta the benefice to be derived from ono rainal!. A rainmaker, wheth er from the pliins of the iVest, or from tho jungles ol Africa, wnp could have substantiated tis pretensions, even in a limited way, cadd last ycaihave exacted from our peono all over|ibe South a willing tributoof tho milli-ns expended in the purchask and application of ma nures, whose presence' in n?st instances for want of waiter, was a fcurse rather than a benefit io our crops. ?How vitally important, thef, the consideration of all causes that ap calculated to diminish actual rainfall, or to interfere with its regular rccurrtucc, or to dpi pate ita effect. 1 DROUGHTS MOIin FREQUENT KEAN FOR MERLY. I In discussing tho subject aligned me, should I be able rt the outset?oestablish tho fact that droughts occur afUner, aud are severer than -.hey were Bormerly, I shall feel that I have not jbrJy made strong presumptito orgumer&that the actual rainfalls hai diminish^,but that I have conclusively prove?^ that the change is attributable to the toetruction of forests, for which I expect tl?ow that 00 other material ?hange h?s saurrcd in Lhe physical ieatuea of tho ccftntry. I commence the| by say-L'gfihat it is matter of general opinion, admitted by the most ignorant negro tenant as well is by the scientile agrjcuhirjst, that iro'.sgbts are more prevalent. Eho con tinual decreasing ? yield per tero, not withstanding increased facilitijh for tho manufacture and application or lanurop, argues the presence ? increasinrJKroughta, Tor defects in laborand scarcitjof labor ers, by causing coicentration tepon our better lands, would;rather ten? to aug ment than d?.0?Ca=v? eomparat?e'statis tics. Tho ir^tisstentire faii'tSsf cornj trbeat and oats, ii sections Hut were anco proverbial for the aucceasStf these Hops, is another itotn in the ccfjtat ; but [ propose to adduce some pericial ob servations, which I think e-itabfi?es thc Tact; beyond possibility of doubtg DISAPPEARANCE O Fi CERTAIN SICKIES OF THEES. I Twenty or twentytfive years otk in nry 3Wii county, wero to' bo found <&ititic? >f chestnut trees, constituting in fine sec tions tho principal gtowth of thSbrests ind were plires ot resort by pwons ir learch of tho nuts. I These tress have t5sappoaredjw,irely 1 do not recollect cf having secrfctlivinf. ipecimen withing ter, years, aithj&h th( ground is still strewn with thoir t?fctrnt< Enough indestructible trunks ; c (quent vet silent, witnesses that the law: ?Vgula Ling nature's economy have ho ?beor tampered with.. These trees, v fk thi chinquapin, whWh baa largely ah; |d th? same fato of its more stalely < poner inhabit principally thin, gravellv ledges svhoso soil after i learing and cul|rntioi is peculiarly sens ti ve to drought. Kain tho Spanish oak, which, liko thejaoove icoms to prefer t in ridges, and BB re< Dak, where it is c infincd to the hilfehav tvithin the last d cado showu so l?e ai increase in mort: ity, that many Bcd ic their disappeara co from tho ca&gu af our forest tries, whilst the Srdie species aro not csmnt in years ?ftere Irought. In fae* thc r?oiiaiity feon? jaka ot all kindf during theso yeas o Irought since th( war, especially ir ?87] ivhich was thc d rest year over ei bun t?rrcd in my Sta b, waa fearful, t kugl ininly_ confined <? the hills. [ A friond, and t planter of close psci vntion, informa io that he has c [rio two different yoi rs noted that Bridle sized oaks upon ?vhich tho leave! ha ictually been pt ched by droughtlftc remaining appa? jtly dead for somei?mi igain renewed t?ir foliage with ta t\ appearance of BBWC-S. Hero, th??, i food for rcflcctio&vorthy the moBt nuil philosopher, and fct, in my opinion] n< beyond thc ken catho intelligent labore who walks betwcl tho plough "janelle There must bo i causo for every effc? produced, and wotiust look it up Vi th instance, and bear us for a romc&y, < wo shall continual} note th? nyuing r iciufcys o? the agSuHurists of our cov try. \ It will not servAur purposo to say th these trees, like iperannuatcd and di jasod members oftho animal kingdoi *?S?jKed ?ut allotted time; ft vith this Bolution^bnly tho older chef mts would have jerfehed and tho tl truction of oakslbeen tfioro geuen vhercas tthas amluntcd to oxtermin ion in tho one insfMCc: whilst the mc ?!LJ ? u??"?tber 'was principally co inrS i? .h/Il8'"rttrf1y ^tending to t i ?Z ^"LT^loya. Nor.dowocxpla by admitting the #At ?ia! trees li W upon thm billa ^???tQ Mahla 4111 '"VOIHH^K? -j-:-: wish to bo understood aa advancing tho idea that crops upon thin billa aro moro liable to drought thou thoao iu richer valleys solely because of the superior fertility of the soil of tho lutter, for, by appli 's.tion of manure, hills arc frequent ly richer in all tho chemical elementa of the plant ; and yet how rare ia it, except in tho moat aeaaonablo yeara, tb ut they eau cons pate at all favorably with tho moro luxuriant yield of tho valley. . WHY CROPS ARE DEBT IN VALLEYS. I I claim, thon, tho following dednc tlona: Valleya oro mainly superior to hilla by virtue of advantages ot location which ennblo them to collect and retain moiaturo. And when treea or crops suc cumb to drought upon hills and aro lux uriant in valleya, their destruction in the ono instance ia attributable sololy to thc absence of moisture, whilst their preser vation in the other eau alone be account ed for by its presence. Hence tho death oftrees upon hills where they have flour ished ?for centuries must establish thc fact that there is now deficiency in mois ture, or more drought, which has so in creased that, in addition to thc consump tion of crops, they now nttack tho more assailable portion of tho woods them selves. DESTRUCTION OF FORESTS IN THE SOUTH. Droughts then have increased, and it ia not necessary to show that there has been an actual diminution in the attitude of the rain gauge before we argue the disastrous eflecta of thc destruction of forests. Nor is it required of mo that I ahall descant upon tho electrical influ ence upon clouds of tall trees upon emi nences ; or of forests and their climatic influences; or of woods as barriers to wind ; or of their properties as condensers of moisture. These, gentlemen, under tho manipu lations of a mau of scienco, would bc highly interesting and could all be made to bear ap important part in this graud discussion. They aro unfortunately above tho scone of my plantation sphere, beyond which human vanity shall not tempt me, even upon so important an occasion. But, if I ahall bo able to show that cleared fields promote general sur face evaporation ano facilitate the escape of rainfall, while forests act in tl. i oppo site direction, I ahall feel that I nave Sioiuted out tho real cause for these more requently recurring calamities. For in all parts of the couutry is visible the wanton destruction of these, Naturo's fairest ornamcrts. Especially is thia the case at tho South, where countless thous ands of acres of thc finest timber in the world havo been felled nt thc imperious mandato of "King Cotton," to furnish re munerative labor for him of "Afric'a Bunny plains," whoso costly Bcrvices in bis former capacity I fear will not now bo compensated for by his recent transfer from the field to the forum. To so disas trous an extent has this clearing been pushed that many plantations fina diffi culty in procuring timber for f;.?icing. Ana thia with its accompanying effects ia tho only change visible in the phyaical features of the general landscape. HOW FORESTS RETAIN MOISTURE. Whatever then adds to the general moisture of a country promotes facilities for rain ; because if the atmosphere at a certain temperature is charged with vapor, which is moisture, it will bo pre cipitated either in dew, rain, snow or sleet so soon as thia temperature ia low ered, whilst if the moisture he added to, and there be no lowering of temperature, precipitation must result from supersatu ration. Hence ii is pertinent toinquire into the properties of woods a? retainers af water and as developers of vapor. Wo p k fortunate in having some most marked illustrations of the power of forests as absorbents and retainers of rainfall. Select for yourselves some cul tivated field of any area which discharges its HU peril nx of rainfall through a single valley ; then take an equal extent ol tvoods of similar topography, and aftei iome considerable rainfall note tho differ ence in thc discharge of waste water from tho two outlets and you will find that thc Seid loses not less than eight orten ti mei more than runs from the wood?. This it not only plantation observation by ali oi nau, but it ia borne out by reasoning The aoil in the woods is moro porous, The litter upon the surface obstructs the low of water. The root? hy their deep penetration make openings, thereby storing largo supplies in the lower strati which are never again reached after clear ing except during tne prevalence of very long Bpells of wet weather. Whilst it tho moro northern sections thc snows an retarded in melting, and are consequent ly more largely absorbed by thc hills anc mountains for tho summer supply ol wellB, springs and streams. IHE WATER EVAPORATED RY LEAVES AND WHERE IT COMES FROM. In looking up some authority upon UH subject of exhalation of moisture througl: the leaves oftrees, I was amazed in read tug a most masterly effort in which thii subject was treated of by F. Eboner, ol Baltimore, to find that by actual expert mont tho annual evaporation from an or Unary sized peach tree amounted t< sighteen barrels, or over two gallons ii twenty-four hours, and ho goes on to say ''that if we consider tho size oftrees in J well set forest, even of moderate extent wc may sec that the yearly evaporation i something enormous. Tho moro am jreater the leaves, tho greater tho quanti ty of water evaporated." It must bo borne in mind that this im menso quantity of water is not of tho sur face supply, but is principally drawn U] from a depth even of tweuty feet, ii sonio instances, and which., if net s lood would &U navo percolated the cart iud been discharged at thc foot of hill to have made its way to tho sea, or in th first instanco, would have washed rapidl from thc country, had not tho wood been there for thc arresting and storm ap of its volume. Aud thia is the reason why strcatt having their sources in timbored section iro moro constant in tho aupply, an havo clearer waters. Whilst thoao risin where ficlda have taken tho place^ < forests arc characterizer! by di?iinja?ii volume, oy muddy watcre and by higlu freshets. ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. Forests then arc, unquestionably, ri laincrs of water ^rcraotcrs of genor moisture; nor do we lack authority ti saying that they increase or diminish tl annual attitude of thc rain gauge, a cording as th'-.y cxkt, or are wanting. Wc aro told that in tho immcuso fores along tho Orinoco, tho rains are dhu trously heavy and continuons. On tl road to Panama, southward of tho B? of Capica. to tho Provinces of Choco ai Fstracrelua, we meet with impcnetral forests, traversed by innumerable streai and river?; tho popular say'ngiscorre< that tlicro is no day without rain C? 1*000 In upper ^?rpt, bef?ro tho exped? ti of Napoleon . i ita?, it used to raia < casionolly and heavily. The French rfc \rabs cut down tho trees, and m-er sin rains arc of extreme rarity. In lo^ Ezypt, jn^ Cairo, it foimerly rnuw, lippi lr* *" tation, rain is altin-t a wonder, and at tho timo of Bouss?jgalt there had beon uo raiu for seventeen years. In thc whole country front Lach au to Lima, rain is as senrco as tfecs. In France, in tho District of Lcuiocoge in Vendee, while the forests v\ere yet untouched there was a superfluity of moisture in meadows and holds, Ala the roads were never dry. In 1808 lie entire extirpa tion of woods began,'and now rain sel dom falls. Tho fields arc baked and i hard in summer, tho grass upon the meadow is pooj and thc roads aro dry and dusty. Then facts, collated by the j author of thc alicle alluded to, aro all j corroborated by the accounts from the ? prairies of Text? and tho West iu our ? own country. I the Smithsonian Re port in 18GS, it an article from the French, there ii nn account of the Eu phrates which, a.faough rendered for tho purpose of showiff the diminished vol ume of streams Tier destruction of for ests, so clearly shws their decreasing in fluence upon tho iiiifV.il proper, that I will add to it what consider already an ampio list of satistctory testimony. Ile says that SUbo informs us timi it was necessary to fike great precautions to prevent the coutry of Babylonia from being submerged. The Euphrates, which begins to swell n the close of spring, when thc snows iclt on thc mountains of Armenia, ovcrows at the beginning of flummcr, and Yiuld necessarily form vast accumulations f water on tho cul tivated lands, wore not tho supcrflux turned asido by mans of trenches and canals. This state of thirka exist no longer. M. Opncst, who soimyeara ago traveled through Babylonia, rporta that tho vol ume of water convcyu by thc Euphrates is much less than in nat ages ; that in undations no longer occur ; that thc canals arc dry, thc uir&hcs exhausted by thc great heats of stn tn cr, and that the country has ceased ti, bc insalubrious. This retreat of waters.says he in conclu sion, can only bo attriuted, as he found means to satisfy Mmatfftto tho clearing away of tho forests ou .ho mouutaius of Armenia. Now, these forests m. being present to retard thc melting of th snow in thc first instance, nor to oustrut and absorb thc torrent? in their descet to the river, it should, of course, shoi higher freshets occasionally, not only because of thc Greater amount of wate: thrown in sud enly, but also by rcasn of thc filling up of tho bcd by the nud and sands brought down by then Therefore, a decrease in thc altitud: of thc freshets must be attributed to a iilure of rainfall at its sources, caused fr the clearing cf forests. TUE FOREST? AS STt-BEiOUSEB OF MOIS TlTlk? Forests arc promoter of general mois ture by maintaining constancy of st?trains, which, in thc: passage to the sea, servo as canMs of irigation not only to tho lands lj?ng alo-.; their courses, but by supplying the ^mosphcre with moisture, morobe the precipitation of dowa for BOine <f stance up>n thc hills. The usefulmli of woo<i in storing up waters having keen demo^trntcd, I see no objection b considering them the sources of Bprifes; for then ls not a cot ton field negroln thc Soutt, whether he has occupied afceat in thc legislature or not, who does Jot know thi'springs are ruined by clealng away contiguous for ests.^ Springsure the sources of brooks; brookB of cree?? ; creeks of were. The clearing away f forests, then,must affect in the most di :d way thc suj/.ly of these exceedingly 1 loierous canals, which BO much mitigni thc severity ci drought, as is amply BI iwn by thc beau fogs and immense def sita of dews tint aro so often seen ale g their courses, ts well as by thc mora luxuriant appeanace of crops and geri ral vegetation. If authority were needed here,I could adduce morejhan could bs given to provo any other prljosition in this article; hut as I have In ly mind's eye a small creek near me, upri* which I have hunted and fished for tw tty years, and have noted the di m iiuitii of its waters as the forests were felled a?uud its sources, and have, with others, 1 tmrked the re-establishing of its volume ince theso lands were re stocked with ines and old field plums, I shall not now draw upon foreign coun tries, but dil liss tho subject with this single planta jn illustration. IXCKK?8E IK UK ALTITUDE OF FRESH ETS. It is also ti e that thc clearing of for esta increase tho altitude of freshets This result.-, as before noted, from t\v< causes ; and i a matter of observatioi certainly wit nil who have noted th Btreams of tl i South. I will give onl; ono illustrattn of this, although thur are very mily more at my command Wateres Cejkj a stream of my ow; county, aui ?1 .sufficient magnitude t chango the jamo of thc Catawba int that of Wnejee River after its junctior Thirty to fcty years ago the clear, fres! waters of his crook teemed with th finest fish, ad were never failing. It i now ordinaUy a muddy and insignifican stream, witimt even the presenco of th little minow, being frequently dry fo weeks at . time; so dry that a thone who plant upon its banks, probably te miles fronlts source, informs mo that h Baw, duri ff tho summer of 18?G, mornin glories, wuch had sprung up in its bed wither ail die for want of water. An yet at tl? point after heavy rains, it nc unfrcquatly show? a depth of twont feet in>be channel, whilst ita ru-hin waters fe spread from bill ?? hill, devas toling ?ops and sweeping away acres c tho finit planting lnnds of thc conn tn which ?appening along tho thousands i valley that intersect tho South, hos ac ded i? liions of bushels of breadstuff* t our annal importations, for it was upo tho iporior moisture of tho lowlant that do country has been dependent cc: tain' for its superior grain crops fi mai' year? past. It is not necessary 1 purie tho subject further. It wt enogh to havo shown that drought wi up* tho increase: that forests woro ca cuitcd to mitigate its severity, and thi thro had been great destruction of then fbis, whatever might bo the india tins of thc pluviometer in isolated place nuki authorizo tho assertion that so fi 2Agriculture was affected, there hu Vjn virtually, if not actually, a dimiui mx in ita annual altitude. It will n 4*o f*aert tho contrary, beca uso certa: ifcalities maintain or ovin increase in tl jhount of rainfall. There is nothir Sore, common than what aro^known Picky places for rain. In all parts <*' ilantations, oven, which have roi?** j"1 lo not extend often beyoru^.'*]10 "r onces upon oither sidev^*T, !* \8..m01 cmart^ ??-? t?xa^e^SmVnlcn^ Uinll aftbeso bUOSN" :,t^ot materially varie for years. ^PV>: i prC9cnt4 of genctftt^ieSocl house last a,S i*Nj0^J??noo question dis- autborii ?WS?^SW n,,a ,?0,'.Maj- ,atrary I SS'tSiog iH)l?M.?!?yorof Jo?, c stock.There will be a pic JeTCrywj i's ferry Saturday, 2-Sth, ami andJprC , ... ca tuon i invited. r kit Fror* AppUiOnU Journal. A WORK OF BBTBIBPTIOH. CHAPTER IV. ;'I wonder how Virien likes such v. turn of affairs?" So thc inmates of Sana-Souci said to each other, smiling, as tho next few days flow by, and it became hourly moro evi dout "that this irresistible gentleman's star had set as far as Miss Iioring's fickle favor was concerned. "Her caprices are certainly unaccount able !" people agreed. "Who could havo imagined that abo would throw asido An toino Virien for a man liko Colonel Thurston-good ? ?lough tn his way, but not particularly attractive, and altogether apart from the world in which she lives 1" "But that is just what she likes 1" others would chime in. "To bc capri cious and startling, to make a neT -jensa tion at any price-what else docs Agatha Loring desire? Whoever withholds in cense is always tho most important per son of thc hour with her, and you know Colonel Thurston did not bow down be fore her at once." "Poor Mrs. Jennings is really to bc pitied," said some one, with a laugh. Do you notice now anxiously alic watches Agatha's game of fascination? Sho thought she had nrtanged matters nicely to make a match between Colonel Thurston aud Mary Herbert." Min. Jennings was, indeed, very much to bo pitied, Tor she wn? perplexed and greatly disquieted. "With all my knowl edge of tho weakness and folly of men, J. did not think that Philip Thurston would bc such a fool !" she confided to her hus band. "It seems incredible. Ho knows what Agatha is-he resented thc manner in which siie treated Bertie-and now to let her wiud him round her finger liko this! Well, I Hhall never again uclieve in tho strength and stability of any man !" "Man is always weak when woman tempts, my dear, observed Mr. Jennings, placidly. "That is an old story, as you ought to know. I don't thiuk Thurston is Kcriously hurt, however." "Whether he is seriously hurt or not, it is a shame for him to allow Agatha to ilia with him iu this manner. How any man can have so little self-respect is a mystery to me-and there is Mary Her bert, who would make him a lovely ?vife !" "I don't think ho wants a wife, lovely ir otherwise," said Mr. Jennings. "Pray let thc poor fellow entertain himself as ie likes. You must admit that Miss Loring knows how to make timo pass deasantly." "A great deal too pleasantly," said Mrs. Icnnings. "It is no affair of mino, of iourso, liut I shall remind Cousin Philip if the warning I gave him tho first day ie came." Sho soon found or mado au opportunity o do this, and Thurston received her nt cmpt at admonition very kindly. " J?OU aro very good to feel so m;ich in crcst in my behalf," ho said, "but I am n no danger, I assure you. Miss Loring s no doubt a vci fascinating woman, luther fascinations 1>1!harmlessly on me.' "I don't sec how that can be," said tfra. Jennings. "How can you acknowl edge her fascination, and yet find her Harmless?" "I find her harmless because her fasci mtion is ail born of artifice," he an iwored. "I feel, when I am with her, hat every glance is practised, every tono ralculnted-and thia takes away all their harm. If abo could speak, look, or act, rom her heart-granting that she has a icart-thc matter would bo different." "A heart would bo a very great incon enience in aut . a career as Agatha wring's," enid Mrs. Jennings; "but-? ave known her a long time, and she hts ery atrango girl-I should not bo Bur riscd if she had one hidden nway some* 'herc." "1 wish to Heaven sho would find it, Ken I" said Thurston, biiterly. 'Oh !" said Mrs. Jennings. "And yet thiuk you are not in danger !" smiled. is not possible you think I meant hat\l wish Bhf would find it for me f" ic ?ked. "What I meant wau that I yish Vb c would find it in order that abe nightauffcr a little of thc pain elie has io oft* inflicted." "Tut, ls very vindictive. Bat if you feel tohird her in this way, why do you Hirt will her, or allow her to flirt with rou?" "I all kv her to flirt with mc because it scorns toVinuso her, and does not injuro ne." \ * Mrs. J|uiing8 looked nt the apeaker loubtfully! Sho did not bclicvo that ho vas tellinAhc truth, or, at least, not all ho truth^Vit she had no right to quea ion him Hillier. "A willfuVian will not bo warned any coro than Iwillful woman," alie said. "I ban only *mro you that, if you como uiharmed oufcf ? flirtation with Agatha luring, you Itu va tho first man who e?r did BO." \ ihc went hctway then, but her words resaiucd behifcl her, and, as Thurston sUcd where aheVft him, a gravity of ex presi?n scttledlover bia face, which aected liko an Vho of them. He was ab?itly rolling *?> tt cigarette, when a volet now grote familiar, suddenly BOUi?2d behind ft,-,, nnd he Btarted BO that te tobacco scattered from hiB hand over te piazza-floca "Ita not a badltolnny' Mi;? Loring ??.id, ritLin the tftawiug-room. "A chang from our ?dinary rides and drives lill bo pleasant, Wnat ia tho dia tauco? \ "Tetailes," anoth* voice answered. "Wo sid havo to retirte aftcr nightfall ; but theds a moon." y? "It wibe dolightful te r?do ton miles by moondi* !" cried Mk? Herbert, cn thusiastHiy, V "How any horses wS be needed ?" asked MiJ?nninga. 'I&icre aro aix Baddle-hoia in tho stablei-^- on\y tvo cf them nor ladieb' uso.'*^ "Thcro bnjv ono horse ttiut I caro to ride," said rtfta, quickly,^|nd that ia Salathiel. Kay I rido hirty jrr, jcn. ninga ? Pl? shy 'yes I? " % Mr. Jonnrs hesitated. tl i Kw indy has o'ver???^d Salathiel--in fact, he is too apiriW? ho safo for a lady." "I am noM ??10, least afraid," she w?fd. "I i&JWXx* horsewoman, andi like a apiri*? g^ao. . I saw Colonel Thurston JPyPhtthicl the oilier day, ' 1 ' J^?A'Pining over nineo to nount ?^"?S?VCwUvro' Thow?? ??f ti? ? Wuk it wooWP ?Jgjk,^^sTJon* Thurat-on Tgwt^erf<nc drift of lt, ho &^?x\?i?k&&^^?*>cr Vf & I thicl rs victo! :i S^g^C i riosity to know where wo aro going?" "I supposed 1 should hear in duo time.'' "And this is thc due time. Do you know a placo called tho Devil's Gorge, about ton miles from herc?" "Among tho hills? Ye*, I know of it, hut I have never seen it. Aro v/e going there?" "We arc. t According to programme, wc lcn?c here at four o'clock-rather a warm hour, but it can't he helped-reach there by six, spend an hom-exploring tho diabolical wonders of thc place, and re turn by moonlight." "And how about diuncr? Do we tako it along, or omit it altogether?" "Wo take dinner nt turco o'clock, and Mrs. Jennings promises us a supper when wo return. Tho excursion makes a total bouleversement of our domestic liahi'J-but what of that? No plcasuro can ho gained without a (?aerifico." "Quaere: Aro thc pleasures worth thc sacrifice ?" "Ah !" said abe, with tho slight, bitter tingo which her tone sometimes took, "wo won't ask that. Is any game that wc play in this world worth tho candle wo bum meanwhile? Don't suggest such reflections, but let us go to the Devil's Gorge and enjoy-an hour." At four o?clock tho nor??? were brought out, and when Agatha came down-ncr slender, rounded figure showing to even greater advantago than usual in her closo ntting habit-Viricn was standing at the foot of the staircase waiting for her. "I have not been able to ask before," h? said, "but I hopo I may hnvo the pleasure of attending you." "Unfortunately, you arc a little too late," sho answered, with her easy grace. "Colonel Thureton has promised to tako charge of mo, atid sec that Salathiol docs not break ray neck." Tho young creole bowed ; but his face changed, as a man's face does chango under the influenco of passion and morti fication. "My fortune is. indeed, bad," he said. "For some time past I have seemed to bc always 'too late' with you. I am not so dull as to misunderstand what that means. I have had Ihe honor to amuse mademoiselle as long ns she cares to bc amused-by mo." No chango of any kind came to her face ; sho simply looked at him steadily with her clear, haughty oyes. "Let me congratulate you on tho quick ness of your perceptions," sho Bald. "You arc quito right. I havo been amused as long os I care to ho amused by you," 'Iben sho swept on, an?' crmic faco to faco with Thurston, who was isauing from tho drnwing-ronn door. A glance told her that ho had over heard her last njords. Indignation O^A contempt were mingled in tho single look which fell on her as ho passed, with a slight salute, and wont out to tho piazza. No woman over possessed a braver spirit than Agatha Luring, but, as she met that look, her heart seemed to suffer a compression, as if a strong hand grasp ed it. Hatred enough she had known tn her time, and faced unhJonchingly ; hut to he despised was something now, and something which-from this man es pecially- was not easily horne. A minute later tho cn ti re party gather ed on tho piazza, and thc mounting tool place. Thurston assisted Agatha to hoi saddle, and then placed himself by r ll side, keeping a watchful eye on Balathhd who was champing his bit and tossing hi: handsome head, "A light but firm hand on tho rein Miss Lormg-yes, that is it. They hav< put a very severe bit on him, a id injudi cious curbing will fret him exceedingly.' These words were the first Agathf lienrd as they were riding toward th< ;atcs. Sho looked at tho speaker wit! tn appeal in her smile which did not bear reference to Salathiel. "I hope I am never guilty of 'injudi 5?OU3 curbing,' Colonel Thurston-al east I endeavor not to he. A light bul Irm hand is necessary on ail rnins, T be ievo. Ah, see I I havo dropped mj vhip. How careless of me I" As Thurston dismounted for tho whif he rest of the party filed out of thc gat? icforo them, and cantered away dowe ho road. Salathiel was impatient tc 'allow, but his rider held hun with 8 tcady hand. "Thank you," she said, as thc whit iras restored ; then sho added, with ? oft, frank laugh : "I dropped it on pur (ose, as you probably suspect, in ordei hat wc might got nd of the others. J ?ant to speak to you-on an odd subject s you may think. I saw by your fact s we left thc house that you heard what said to Mr. Virien at tho foot of tin taircasc." "I heard it by the merest accident,,' "burston replied, coldly. "I must apol gize-" "Nay," sho interposed, "that is quit? uneccssary. You could not possibly void au accident. Confess, however int you thought mo utterly heartless.' A flush rose to II?B face. You shouh ot pirco me in such a position, Mis; ?ring,1' ho said. "What is my opiuioi ??rou, that you should ask me to deehan in?this manner?" "It is a great deal to mo," sho an vercd, fearlessly. "You oro ono of th< w men I havo ever known whose re >ect is worth winning. I know that yoi m'l respect mc now-I have seen i lainly since tho first moment wc met lt I should Uko to convin.'- -cu thai, '. xi nr.* so blfcck as some of my friend slight to paint mo." "It was not from any of your /riend at I first heard of you. Miss Loring,1 lid Thurston, with the old sternness ii s faco and voico, "but from a man who ko Mr. Viricn, had tho honor of amm g you os long as you cared to b nused-by him." "Ab !" Hno said, "that is why yon du ted mo beforo you knew anything c e. Well, I will not inquire into you ?end's case, or endeavor to dnfend mj If from the general charge of coquct?> it in thin particular matter of Auton. ?rion I want you to understand that th an has no heart, or least fragment of tart, to suffer. An enormous araoun vanity he docs possess, and that ink is properly punished. - He ' 2s i ly-killcr by profession, a man who ha in tho hearts of wo mon by th ?rcs, and who ha'', tho audacity I pe to add me to jia list of victims. Id, therefore, that I waa moro tba tifiod in turning the tables on bira." 'Perhaps so," said Thurston, ruthi viv. "Buob, ethic? art? altogether b na my experience or comprehension. "Why not soy candidly that, deapit 0 explanation, you think no bettor o ? than ron. dlclboibroT" hho asked '.**fj. "Yovr -Weal woman wouh ^ T^Sther f"' amusement orre ^ -?A bien J since .1 can ia pu,??n? Sp* ,' Vi6'c?& ??ched tho LEO AL AD VBBTXSIXCf.-Vft era compelled to require cash p*ytaen.U foi adr?rUslDg ?rdefcd by KxMiriora, AauUnUtr?tota and other Edudtrtee. and herewith append the tate? for thc ordinary notice*, whteh will only be Inserted vasa (he im-oey outwit* t&a*nb>? if] .C' Citation?, two insertion*;; - ... aa.oo eWaio Solides, three insertion*, - - 2.00 order to receive atteatlss, -jf-mwnnineiiftin watt be<aco.ttbtNuiled by tb? true aamo ead add rete of tho writer. Be Jectcd inanuscr!) * t?Ul not. i* Wturaed, unites the ntoeanry stau?>. are furnished to repay tho pontage thereon. ?iii1 49- We aro not responsible for the Tlcwaand opinions of onroorrej-pondentn. ' All communication* should be addressed to "Ed itors Intelligencer," and all eberV? draf?n. money orders. Ar ebSMQ be nada payable to tho order or E. B. MURRAY * CO., Anderson, U.C. tho timo ibo party of excursionists cu- . tcrcd, little light. In tho obscurity the. great masses of rock had a strangely-for bidding aspect, as, crowned here uu-i there by a few pine?, they stood motion less above the chating stream. "How cool and dark-the atmosphere ia almost like that of a cave 1" several of tho ladies ez< laimed when-having dis mounted and fastened their horses at B?rne distance-they entered the gorge on foot. "There are several caves hero," said Mr. Jennings. "The largest is near tho . High Fall some distance up the gorge. Now let mo beg you all tn be careful, lor the "recto aro exceedingly slippery, and if you should fall into tue stream you would certainly be drowned." Thia warning was not greatly regarded, but it ia to bo supposed that Providence watched over the reckless,young people who risked their necks so heedlessly-at least there is no other way to account for their safety. Mr. Jcunings trembled as he witnessed tho feats of one or two par ticularly foolish young ladies, nnd re corded a vow in bia own mina novcr to bring another party to tho Devil's Gorgo. It ia hardly uccessary to state that Agatha waa not among these holdens abo was not only past tho ago when ani mal spirits assort themselves BO exube rantly, but sho had Thurston for her ?uidc, his bund to assist her, bia voice to ircct her steps, and it is Bato to say that before any woman under bia charco could deliberately have periled her life, aa many uround woro (toing, she would have had to puah him into tho flood. Though a cautious, ho was an expe rienced climber, M?68 Loring found, and they soon penetrated much farther than tho others into the wild retreats of the gorge. Near tho High Fall-where the stream fell in a perpendicular cascade of about fifty feet-they fouud tho -cave of which Mr. Jennings had spoken-a large, irregular recess, formed and overhung hy ?aggcd rocka, and (roughly speaking) ibout twenty feet Bquare. Tho ontiiinco to it was narrow, for thc stream, in its iddying flow from tho foot of the fall, covered moat of tho mouth ; but onco in side, tho .space was ample. Standing hore, with the fall thunder ing in their ears, it waa not strange they lid not hear tho Bbouta with which tho :lifl-bound gorgo resounded when tho rest of tho party decidod to return. Somo mo had chanced to look up, and on tho itrip of sky ovorhead perceived a threat ing cloud, upon which the cry * 1 o jorsc I" was raised at once. "It will bo no joko if wo aro cough", in i storm ten miles from home, with night io near," said Mr. Jennings. "We muet ?eturn at once. What has become of Thurston ?p.d Mis? Loring?" "They went up to tho rall-we'll Bhout br them," said somebody. Thoy woro accordingly shouted for, vith no reault, as has been already ?aid. Then a volunteer clambered un to a point vhich commanded a viow of tue fall, and eported no sign of them ; and, Binr-o overol of the ladies grew very nervou8ih dew of tho threatening storm, it was de eded to wait no longer. "They'll soon follow," said ono of the boutera, cheerfully. "Perhaps, indeed, hey have ni ready left tho gorge." It waa of course evident that this waa lot thc case when the party reached tho dace where tho horses wcro tied ; L'Ut luman natl rc, which ia selfish nt all imea, ia apt to exhibit this selfishness iu icculiar degreo when a cloud threat ens 0 empty itself on tho defenseless hcada f a plcasuro-party. Tho general cou luaiou waa, that Thurston and Miss /Oring must look after themselves, but hat they would follow in a fow minutes. IuBtead of a few minutes, however, it 'as fully half an hour later before they ame down tho gorge and found it do irtcd. "Why, tho rest must have gone 1" said risa Loring. "How strange of jjient hr?_ ave us in this way !" " "Exceedingly stranger' said Thurston. 1 can hardly think that t hey havo really me so ; but wo shall soon see." "How very dark it is 1" ?aid tho young dy a minnie later. Did you think it as so near night?" "I can't account for tho degrees of ob urity at all-unless it is cloudy," her mpanion answered. When they emerged from tho narrow Yine, tho cauao of this obscuri'y was at icc evident. From end to end tho sky is curtained by a cloud of lurid black sa, the aspect of which was menacing tho oxtrcme. It seemed spread like a ,11 over the earth, which lay as if under spell nf stillness. Not a leaf etirred in 0 forest that atretched around, and thc ly sound that broko the oppressive enco was tho dull roar of wat? in tho rgo. Agatha fairly shuddored when sho :eu this lowering front of Nature. "A terrible storm ia about to burst I" 3 said. "Where can tho others be?" d what shall wo do ?" . "Tho others have played a very un udaomo trick in goiug away and leav : us," said Thurston. "I can scarcely 1 what wo had better do, unless-" The speech was never finished, for at s instant out of tho bonom of tho cloud lied forth not a flash but. a blaze of bining, which lighted up tho, wholb no with a vivid glare beyond all dc->^ iption. Agatha clasped her hands sr her eyes, uttering . cry willoh was I ia tao volleying' crash of thunder it accompanied rather than followed i awful illumination. Tho next moment abo felt Thurston's id on her arm. 'Come !" he said. "This will not do must go back into the gorge, and take age under rocks. Thia ia terrible risk remaining hero." 5he nado no demur, and they ro-cn ed tho gorgo just as a sighing sound of taut wind carno to their ears--a bur ger of tho hurricane Boon to ?weep ongh thc for??t. n tho deep-shaded ravine there bad thia timo fallen a d?rklre^s whick do it dangerous to attempt its plissage. / f vcrtheless, as Thurston recognized at / I e, thero was no alternative. Somo / Itor thoy must havo, and there was / ' ither shelter than this to bo found. . nstin? io. tba capability of seeing in \ ta light which he had acquired aa a \. it, ho guided hia companion along narrow path. Boforo they had ncK, ced very far, there carno anoth*sf id blazo of lightning and volle - ^ lb of thunder, followed hard p- ,f pouring rain. ' 1 0\SEZ Ob I? laid Agatha, stor Egg ec?ug rock. "Let W? ll *S? 1877 go no farther.^ Wo w?ust ^arcJt^J^L ?Ve must go far&tao your hana, Boots ) shall soon hi&Satf imWcn TF you want to I ,pUco whif "\OVL We IL a Tow prico fo ^BPSpPPI m. 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