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Popular Orators. The commencement exercises of the University of the South were held last Thursday at Sewanee, Tennessee. An address was delivered to the graduating class on the "Defects of Public Speakers, and the characteristics of Popular Ora? tors;," "by the Hon. T. L. Clingman. This address contained many interesting ?e?nniscences of the great orators of this country, with descriptions of their styles of speaking, and personal anecdotes con? cerning them. A large portion of the address is given below. "WEBSTER AND CHOATE. ?Let us, however, now consider the pe? culiarities and characteristics of some of the most distinguished orators of the ?country. I will in the first place call your attention to two prominent senators of .the same State, Daniel "Webster and ?ufus Choate of Massachusetts. Among ?orators deservedly eminent, I can recall too' more striking contrast than they pre? sented. When I first heard Mr.Web stef/his voice, though not in any sense melodious, was strong, clear, and very masculine. At times it reminded me pleasantly somewhat of the ringing tone of a raven's note heard at a great distance ?through the air. During his latter years it lost much of its strength and volume, ?but was always distinct and pleasant. In he made an elaborate speech on the j eubj[ect of the proposed acquisition of territory, from Mexico. He differed with I Iiis colleague, Mr. Davis, had much feel- I ing on the subject, and only spoke after thorough preparation. That speech may I he renlemoered as the one in which he I said, "Politicians are not sunflowers ; they do not turn on their god when he I sets the .same4ook they turned when - he I rose:" ?: On f?is occasion- he spoke with unusual earnestness, and was very im? pressive; There were several of the new members of the House present, listening J to.Mr. Webster for the first time. To? ward the close of his speech a member j from one of the Northwestern States said to me, "What is the matter with the old fellow? what makes him. so dull?" "Why/' I answered, "he is to-day speak? ing with very unusual animation." "Heavens!" he exclaimed, "if he were to speak to one of our Western crowds in I that manner and they did not know who he was, they would go off and leave him." It was then the custom of certain Wes? tern speakers in the House to declaim j with great vehemence of manner, clinch- j ing their fists and marching forward and j backward with a formidable aspect, and when' they reached the most eloquent J part of'their speeches the cravat was pulled off with a sudden jerk and the vest was unbuttoned and thrown open, partly to diminish heat and perspiration, J and doubtless also to impress the audi? ence with the greatness of the effort then j being made. To persons accustomed to j such speakiag it seemed very strange J that Mr. Webster should sometimes speak j for several minutes without making a gesture. In spite, however, of his usual want of action, he kept the attention ofj his auditors, and his speeches had that remarkable quality that when one looked j backed them from week to week they j seemed to stand out more prominently J and loomed in the distance. REMARKABLE SPEECH BY MR. CHOATE. Early in 1844, in the Senate, he spoke j on the Oregon question. Several Demo? cratic Senators, following in the debate, j assailed his speech with remarkable ve-1 hemence. It was evident that they in- j tended to make party capital by attacking Great Britian. Conspicuous among them were Messrs. Benton, Silas Wright and J Buchanan. Though denouncing the pre- J tensions^ the injustice, the arrogance and j the insolence of Great Britian, they dis? claimed any purpose to go to war with her. While these speeches were being made, one evening at a social party, on J meeting Mr. Choate, I said: "Why has j not your Oregon speech been published ?" J He replied: "I have not yet made a speech J on the Oregon question, but I mean to j make one. Soon after he delivered J probably the finest effort of his Senatorial career. After discussing for perhaps a couple of hours the merits of the ques? tion with an earnestness, a beauty and J an eloquence seldom equalled, he turned J his attention to the Senators who had J assailed him. Quoting in succession the j words of each one, denouncing the op? pression, the insolence and the arrogance j of Great Britian, he exclaimed: "But I the Senator wishes for no war with her." I Then, with, consummate skill, he repeat- J ed Mark Antony's oration over Csesar's J body, drawing a parallel between each J Senator and one of the conspirators. "Great Britain," said he, "has always j been our enemy; she was' arrogant, j domineering, and insolent, but the Sena- j tor wishes lor no war with her." Pur- j suing the parallel, he exclaimed, "there j the well-belove4 Brutus stabbed, but I Brutus is an honorable man." Then quoting another Senator ghe cried out, 1 "See what a rent the envious Casca made ; but he, too, is an honorable man." So J admirably had Mr. Choate, prepared the j m,inds of. the auditors that it is difiicult to give an idea of the effect of these quo- j tations. As-one looked over the Senate, it seemed -ready- to burst into laughter, but in fact every one restrained his feel- j irtgs lest he might lose some of the speak? er's! words. The effect on the Senators arraigned was not less striking. While Mr. Benton strove to throw it off, with a poorly assumed air between indifference and defiance, Mr. Buchanan hung his head with the sheepish look of one who has been detected in a shallow stratagem. After getting through with his adversa? ries, Mr. Choate drew himself up to his full height, with an air of great dignity, and said: "But, Mr. President, there is one great and striking difference between Mark Antony and these honorable Sena? tors, and it is due to their high character as well as to the courtesy of the Senate that I should state it." " As he uttered these words in a fine, manly tone of voice, anh with an air of generous courtesy, the Senators raised themselves up in"their seats with a countenance and manner | which seemed to say, "Well he has hit us rather hard, but he is about to make amends handsomely." Mr. Choate said, with striking emphasis : "Antony was a viliian ; Antony was a hypocrite; these honorable Senators are perfectly sincere." Had he swept the chamber with the keen scimitar of Salndin it would seem that heads could not have sunk more suddenly. When the speech was concluded, Senator Foster, of Tennessee, and George W. Summers, of Virginia, both fine speakers and orators, with whom I happened to be standing, began to express their ad? miration most warmly. If that man," said one of them, "only had the manner of Clay, or Webster, or Calhoun, he would universally be regarded as the greatest orator in the world." "I differ with you," I said, "it is his fine manner that in a great degree makes him so im? pressive, but his ideas are not in them? selves as large as those of the men you mention, and are not calculated to make so great an impression." They, however, reiterated their opinions with much em? phasis. Some weeks later on speaking to them again, I found that the effect had been greatly diminished. mr. "Webster's greatest effort. I regard Mr. Webster's greatest effort as that delivered on the 7th of March, J 1850. No mere report of it will give one an idea of its greatness without such a knowledge of the circumstances under which it was made, as perhaps none but J those present could realize. Intense anxiety prevailed in Washington in the I minds of men of all shades of opinion. I The shadows of those events' which oc- J curred a dozen years later seemed to op? press the minds of all present. With this anxiety there was a nope that Mr. Webster might solve the difficulty. He j spoke to such an audience as had never j been previously assembled in the Senate I Chamber. All felt the truthfulness of Senator Walker's words when, in moving j to postpone the subject on which he had j the floor, to take up that on which Mr. j Webster was to speak, he said there was j "but one man in America who could have j drawn that audience together, and he! alone could satisfy it" It was not merely that all the sitting and standing room in J the chamber was filled with a brilliant j throng of ladies and gentlemen, but the I distinguished character of the persons as- j sembled was most remarkable. Being fortunate enough to get a seat on the arm of Mr.' Ccrwin's chair, and thus being quite near Mr. Webster, I had a fair view of every countenance turned to? ward the orator. There appeared in every face anxiety and intense earnest? ness. He had been speaking for nearly an hour on the subject in general terms before he indicated the position he meant to take. Every face retained its intense anxiety of expression, until at the close of one of his sentences, he said, in an j emphatic manner, "I will not vote for the Wilmot proviso." There seemed at once to be a sense of relief in the audience, accompanied by a slight rustling sound, I caused by the revelation. He proceeded, j and fully met the public expectation and hope. It was a purely intellectual j impression made on the minds of all present, and yet the effect was greater than any mere oratory alone could have produced. I never witnessed such a scene of relief in the public mind. He had drawn from the dark cloud the light? ning which seemed ready to burst on the country. But for this effort we should then probably have had, with what result cannot now be known, the collision which occurred a dozen years later. Of those resembling Mr. Webster in the largeness and power of their thoughts, I can recall no one so remarkable as Geo. McDuffie. I once asked Col. Wm. C. Preston, of South Carolina, whom he re? garded as the greatest orator he had ever heard. He instantly replied, "McDuffie." Of Col. Preston himself it is but just that I should say, after hearing him under favorable circumstances, I have never doubted that he was by far the greatest orator that I ever listened to. _ His thrill? ing voice, his whole action suited to his impassioned eloquence, his bright and noble sentiments, his wonderful and im? posing attitudes, placed him far in ad? vance of any orator that I ever knew. When for the first time in Rome, my eyes fell on that colossal statue of Pompey, the base of which was bathed with the blood-of the great Dictator as he expired under the thrusts of senatorial daggers, I was instantly reminded of some of Pres? ton's attitudes. As often as I afterward looked on it the same impression would strangely come over me. After the tor? rent of Preston's impassioned eloquence was fairly under way he had a complete control over his auditors. When, for ex? ample, warmed with the vehemence of his action, as graceful as it was impetu? ous, he would sometimes as it were un? consciously take off his wig with his left hand and place it beside him, so as to expose his head, which was entirely bald, there was in the audience no more of a tendency to smile than when Chatham for the third time pronounced the word "sugar." McDuffie, with thelargeness of thought which characterized Webster, possessed the earnestness of Choate, ana a vehe? mence and force immeasurably superior. The array of his arguments was most powerful, and his denunciation of wrong absolutely terrific. He had not the poe? try of Choate and lacked the polish of Webster, but his massive thoughts, thrown out with tremendous energy, seemed to fall among his auditors like thunderbolts. His whole manner was that of a man calling into action every faculty he possessessed, not to save his own life, for a brave man could not plead earnestly for himself alone, but as one who was making a dying struggle for tho life of his country, or for truth itself. It would be interesting for one to compare Mr." Webster's speech, delivered in the House of Representatives in 1824 against the tariff, with one of McDufhVs on the same subject made in 1832. McDuffie's speech against the removal of the dc Eosits, delivered in 1834, bears marks of igher degree of finish and greater polish in its language than most of his efforts show. It is, however, lass forcible and vehement than some others. mr. clay's oratory. Entirely different from any one of those speakers was Henry Clay. When in the meridian of his powers his voice was per? haps unequalled. Both in the richness and melody of its fine tenor and in the grandeur of its deep bass, it seemed ca? pable of indefinite modulation and ex? pansion. Perhaps the nearest approach to it in excellence and compass that I can recall was that of Gentry, of Ten? nessee. But even his voice, remarkably musical and varied in its tones, was scarcely equal to Mr. Clay's in compass, was not so emphatic, and could not strike with so much force, nor was it capable of so great expansion in its deep organ tones. Though Mr. Clay was very tall, and usually stood very erect, he never scorned stiff, as Mr. Calhoun often ap? peared. His gestures were abundant, easy, appropriate, very impressive, and I yet always graceful as well as dignified. I He never strove as some speakers do to make an impression by the exhibition of bodily force. He was always animated, often impassioned. Whether he seemed to be addressing himself wholly and earnestly to presiding officer or threw the glances of his bright blue eye over the audience, by his animated, varied and earnest tones, and by his graceful and sometimes commanding gesticulation, he kept the undivided attention of his hear? ers. He appeared like a champion in battle, delivering his blows right and left, and enlisted the feelings of Iiis auditors on his side so completely that they I seemed to regard it as their right, and I were ready to shout over each success won. Mr. Clay was perhaps least felici? tous when he attempted to utter merely handsome things, and to mako poetical quotations. He did not use well such prettinesses as Sargent S. Prentiss would cull from poets and novelists, and with them entertain an audience, without ever producing a deep impression on it. Mr. Clay appeared to the greatest advantage when repelling personal attacks or when discussing topics directly connected with the honor, the safety, or the liberties of j the country. His high sense of personal honor, his dauntless courage, and at times haughty daring, with his great public spirit and ardent patriotism, rendered him often imposingly grand. It was not the possession of these powers alone, re markablo as they were, that made him the greatest parliamentary man in the world. He was a good fighter, and could take care of himself in every kind of de? bate. That at times he was as great an actor as Lord Chatham himself, will be evident to one who merely reads his elo? quent and patriotic appeal to Mr. Van Euren in 1834 to use his influence with President Jackson to induce him to re? store the deposits, or at a later period, his description of the interview between the Democratic senators and John Tyler. These men whom he could not drive by force he often won by his unrivalled tact and address. He, however, lost nothing in the estimation of the country by the occasional exercise of these powers; for his perfect frankness, high courage and public spirit relieved him from all cen? sure. Such means, used at times to se? cure great and "honorable objects, were viewed merely as we do the efforts of a skillful horseman, who, to.manage a fiery steed, is equally ready to use the spur or to coax the animal. No man ever lived who was more prompt to repel all that was not alike honest, honorable and manly. The session closed on the 4th of March, and owing to the pressure of Congres? sional business I had not seen Mr. Clay for many days. Such was. his health, that it seemed doubtful if he would again return to Washington. The Senate was detained by some Executive business, and was for a while sitting with open doors during the consideration of a contested election case. Not being willing to leave without seeing Mr. Clay, I walked in, and after the usual salutation, said to him, "I called last evening to sec you, but you were out." "I am very sorry," ho replied mentioning where he had been; "come this evening. But no," said he, seeming to recollect suddenly, "I am to dine with Sir Henry Bulwer; but you must come and see me to-morrow evening." "No," I replied, "I leave in the morning. I only called to bid you farewell. I shall be a candidate for re? election, but you know that politics are uncertain and we may not meet again. I wish you to know that, though I have of late opposed some of your measures, the greater part of my life has been de? voted to the effort to make you President." A wonderful change instantly came over his countenance. It seemed as if that re? mark called up to his mind the. images of | thousands of friends who had labored so long, so ardently and so vainly for his promotion. The tears fell on his flushed cheeks, he covered his eyes with his hands for a moment, suddenly recovered himself, and taking me by both hands, said in a subdued voice, "I know it, my dear fellow, and am very grateful for it." This disappointment was equally shared by Webster and Calhoun. They all, however, had the good fortune to die while their great intellects were still in their meridian splendor, "before decay's effacing fingers" had robbed them ot a single element of strength or grandeur. Mr. Calhoun's last speech ranks among his best efforts. When it was impressive? ly read by Mr. Mason, in a fine mascu? line voice, as Mr. Calhoun sat by his side, thin and pale as marble, the move? ments of his brow, the active and inces? sant compression of his lips, his rapid glances from senator to senator, with an eye as bright as that of the wounded eagle, told unmistakably that there was no cloud on his intellect, and that his noble heart was still unbroken. More than an hour passed alone with Mr. Clay shortly before his death, as he lay on a sofa, because too feeble to sit up, and with a cough so distressing that it was almost impossible for him to utter a com? pleted sentence, showed that, while his mind was oppressed by forebodings ofj great evil to the country, his intellect was undimmed, and the deep current of J his patriotism rolled with undiminished volume. How it is Done.?The Anderson In Ml'ujencer has obtained and published a circular signed by D. H. Chamberlain, in which he says: "The Daily Union-Her? ald is the only Republican daily now published in the State;" and then goes on to state that it is not self-sustaining; that the deficiency has been made up by a very few gentlemen; that it is now nec? essary that others should assume a part of the burden, and that he considers it the duty of all who receive "benefit and profit from official position under Die Re? publican party to aid in sustaining this paper." "I am willing to continue to do this myself, but I cannot do it all." He wishes to sustain it "for the prosperity of the State and for the existence of the Re? publican party." Enclosed in the above circular was one from F, L. Cardozo, requesting the con tribution, and urging an early response It is understood that these circulars have been forwarded to all Treasurers, Auditors and other officers who hold fat offices by executive appointment. Now, though this is a very usual prac? tice in sustaining party organs and aiding elections, it is none the less reprehensi? ble ; and for the Governor of the State to publicly engage in such practices, is, to say the least, undignified and inconsist? ent with the high trust conferred upon him as the head of the State, and more particularly in one who has undertaken to be the Governor for the whole people. This is not the road to reform which the Governor should follow. If public dficials have larger salaries than they need, suitable reductions should be made, and the surplus saved to a people already too heavily burdened by taxes.?Marion Merchant and Farmer. The State Fair. The Columbia Register says: There is no institution in the State more promo tive of its prosperity, and none that bears so profitably upon the city of Columbia, than the fair of the State Agricultural and Mechanical Society. We are pleased to see in the monthly circular of the State Grange of South Carolina for July that Colonel Aiken, the Master of the Grange, formally an? nounces that the fair will be held second week in next November. The rains, which have %> long been withheld in several sections of the State, having now commcuced to fall, the farmers' hearts will be cheered with better prospects than they have been for the last month. The crops, but for the recent drouth, would be considered uncommonly prom? ising, and are everything that could be wished in counties like Anderson and Marlboro, and parts of Newberry and Fairfield, and, no doubt, in others from which we have not heard. We trust that the drawback which has been anticipa? ted to the success of the fair, from the prevalence of drouth, affecting the crops and the spirits of the planting commu? nity, will not be really of any force. Let us have a great fair, and nourish and advance the noble art of agriculture, which the soil, climate, crops, habits, tastes and preferences of our people make so delightful and congenial a pur? suit to them. the joint stock auxiliary company. The monthly circular of the State Grange contains the following earnest appeal to the Patrons to come forward and secure the landed property held by the Joint Stock Auxiliary Company ly? ing to the east of the Fair Grounds, and one of. the most beautiful and productive farms in the State. We trust that it will be heeded without delay. Once more the Patrons of South Carolina are called upon to decide whether or not they are to possess the lauds adjacent to the Fair Grounds in Columbia, which are so desirable to our order, for the purpose of perpetuating our agricultural fairs, and of establish? ing there an exposition depot, where, free of cost to the Patrons, will be collec? ted and placed on exhibition implements of every conceivable description for the inspection of our farmers. It is now proposed that the Patrons of South Carolina buy those grounds, and thus assume exclusive control of our an? nual fairs. Ten thousand dollars is the price asked for them, and they can be sold for more money by dividing them up into building lots, if the Patrons buy and do not desire to hold. One grange has already subscribed $1,000. The shares of stock are $10 each, and any money sent to the chairmen of our Executive Committee, Col. Thos. Tay? lor, Columbia, S. C, will be "deposited by him in bank, and held so deposited until the entire amount ($10,000) is col? lected, before one dollar of it is spent. If the entire amount is never subscribed, the money so deposited will be returned to the owner. 0 The ownership of a single share will entitle the holder to all the privileges annually of our fairs, which alone will be a dividend of twenty per cent, on the investment. Any grange subscribing stock as a co-operative body, would be entitled to delegates to represent tbat stock at our annual exhibitions. Granges are requested to take stock at once, but the money will not be called for until 1st November next. Any Patron or grange taking stock will please so inform the Master of the State Grange, Cokesbury, S. C, as he is also the President of the Joint Stock Com? pany. John Randolph.?Mr. Randolph was a great Bible reader, and was deeply concerned about religious subjects. He employed an excellent man, Mr. Adne Cloptou, to preach every Sunday to his negroes, in the large chapel he had erected on his plantation. When at home he invariably attended these ser? vices, taking his seat by the preacher on the open platform, from which the preach? er conducted the services. On many occasions, while kneeling beside the preacher, who was prone to be carried away by the fervor of prayer, Randolph would slap him on the back and call out loudly, "Clopton, that won't do; that's not sound doctrine. Clopton, take that back;" and if Clopton remon? strated, Randolph, though keeping him? self on his knees, was ready at once for an argument to maintain his point. No one but Mr. Clopton, who knew the ec? centricity and honest motives of the man, could have borne with theao irre? verent interruptions while in the midst of prayer; but Mr. Clopton, when he found Randolph determined to argue the point, either gracefully yielded, or pro? posed to note the point and argue it at the dwelling house. To visitors at the chapel, and they were many, theso scenes were exceedingly curious and absurdly ludicrous. But that was Mr. . Randolph's way. It is said that ou one cold Sunday, in this chapel on Mr. Randolph's planta? tion, while giving out the hymn in the old-fashioned way, two lines at a time, and it was being lustily sung by tho ne? groes, Mr. Clopton, the preacher, ob? served a negro man put his foot upon which was a new brogan, on the hot stove. Turning toward him, he said in his measured voice, "You rascal you, you'll burn your shoe." As this was a rhyme of the exact metre of the hymn, the negroes all sung it in their loudest tones. Smiling at the error, the preach? er attempted mildly to explain by say? ing: "My colored friends, indeed you arc wrong; I didn't intend that for the song." But there it was again, another rhyme in good measure; so the negroes sung that too with pious fervor. Turning to his congregation, the preacher said some? what sharply: "I hope you will not sing again, until I have time to explain." But this only aroused the negroes, who sang tho last word with increased vigor. Mr. Clopton feeling that his tongue seemed lobe turned to rhyme, abandoned all efforts at explanation, and went on with his services. ? A lucrative opening for young la? dies has been made by the decision of an Indiana court that the fact of a girl being engaged to several gentlemen at once is no bar to her suing each of them for breach of promise. ? An easy way of taking thecensusof any town or city has been discovered. Just count the Smiths, uiuUiply by 540, and Io! the result gives the total popula? tion. The Danger of Chloral. The London Lancet prints a warning against the habitual use of the new fash? ioned hypnotic, chloral. Because it does not produce the immediate evil conse? quences due to opium, and is a far more powerful sedative than bromide of potassium, it has become popular, and is even, as the Lancet deplores, largely recommended by medical men. It has taken its place in the medicine chest and on the dressing-table, and is often em? ployed without advice or precaution. In some cases, the use of it has resulted in death in healthy persons, and in other cases its action has given play to diseases which have proved fatal, although without its aid they would not have done so. But these cases are too rare to have the effect on the public which in profes? sional eyes should be assigned to them. Still, where no such immediately serious consequences ensue or are to bo appre? hended, the habitual use of chloral can? not fail to be attended by injury to tho nervous system. As the Lancet explains, in sleep the sensory recipient and lower motor centers aro separated from those of conciousness and will, with which during the walking state they are in close connection. This separation can only take place under certain conditions, which vary much in different individuals. Chloral introduces an artificial influence, and separates forcibly those functions of the nervous system which would other? wise have been linked together. It stills unpleasant emotion, removes disagree? able sensations, and paralyzes the will. This can hardly occur repeatedly with out some permanent effect. Each region of its influence presents an example of perverted action. The will becomes weakened; emotional manifestations are in the chloral-drinker more easily pro? duced; the evidence of the senses is perverted, and their action is no longer under the same control of associated im pressious. All influences of a depres sing character are felt more keenly The sufferer becomes "nervous," emo tional, hysterial. Neuralgia and other sensory disturbances becomes frequent, and with them various perelic phenome na, depending chiefly On defective will Ultimately still graver consequences may result. Delirium, imbecility, and paraly sis of the pharynx and Oesophagus are a mong the symptoms which have occurred iu recorded cases, and which have ceased wheu the habitual dose was discontinued. All the time the supposed need of the sedative increases, the cravings for it may become as intense, as intolerable, as in tho case of opium?the patient moaning for the chloral, which he can hardly swallow, and sleep gradually becomes almost impossible, except under artifi cial iullucnces. On the Point of Success. Jacob S. Barber?he said that was his name?lately went to Newark, N. J., and advertised that he wanted to become a partner in some good reputable business, and had anywhere from $10,000 to $30, 000 to bring into the firm, as might be arranged. Such advertisements are deep? ly interesting reading matter in" a news? paper. He got many answers asking for interviews. He selected one only so far as known?Lewis Brothers, varnish man? ufacturers. It was arranged that Barber should go into the firm of Lewis Brothers as a special partner, with an interest of | $32,000. He exhibited certified checks upon the Worchester Safe Deposit and Trust company to the amount of $36,800, which looked solid, and money bearing. He agreed to deposit these with a haul in Newark, and was to receive, when the transaction was consummated, a check for $2,000 from Mr. Lewis, in change. Barber went to work industriously "to make everything smooth iu the way of identification and confidence. He went to H. H. Jacques, a well known and re? spectable insurance man, and made him believe at last that he (Barber) had worked for him (Jacques) thirty years ago, in fact that the latter had almost brought the former up. Barber knew, too, a great deal about Jacques and his family and affairs, lie made a conquest of Jacques, who took pleasure in introdu? cing his old boy to bankers and business acquaintances. But Barber was a little over-anxious to establish his credit and make everything doubly safe, to get his $2,000 change, which was what he was after, and overworked anil overacted, and excited suspicion. A detective shadowed him, his certified checks were discovered to be forgeries, and about the time the papers in the new business arrangement were ready to be transferred, and before the $2,000 were paid, he was arrested, and is now in jail as a base swindler. Diversifying Southern Citors.? One of the most encouraging circum? stances, says the Baltimore Sun, in the agricultural condition and prospects of tho South is the experiment which it has now successfully made in the way of a diversity of products. Hitherto King Cotton has allowed no rival, nor even accessory, near his throne. A predic? tion ten years ago that any of the cotton raising States would in 1S75 have a sur? plus of cereals would have excited an in? credulous smile. Yet the States of Ten? nessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Alabama will this year have enough and to spare. In addition to this unprece? dented grain yield, the old staple, though reduced in acreage, has by a more thorough system of cultivation rewarded the planters as never before, and they boast of an independence that has here? tofore been unknown to that portion of the country. They claim that with their surplus of bro.idstufis they can obtain the means by which they will be enabled to hold their cotton, take advantage of the market, and sell for cash instead of following the practice that has almost universally obtained of mortgaging then crops early in the season at ruinous fig? ures. The agricultural resources and capabilities of the South have never yd been fully developed, it is able to feed itself as well as to clothe,.in certain essential respects, both itself and the world. The sovereignty of cotton would never have been disputed if it had en? joyed the aid of such auxiliaries as the cultivation of tho cereals and manufac? turing industry. ? "If there is any tiling particularly annoying," says the Milwaukee Sentinel.. "it is to see. an editor walking around without a diamond pin on his;. front." For our part, we have never witnessed so humiliating a spectacle, and we hope the race of editors who would thus wantonly seek to degrade! the profession is long since extinct. The Country Press. There are few people who do the ?country paper full justice. Most every? body is inclined to look away over the shoulders of country editors, to some paper printing more reading matter, and then make comparisons. There are peo? ple who actually believe it impossible to find a person with common sense, with industry or brains in the office of a coun? try newspaper; a newspaper can have no charms for them unless it can be mysti? fied under a strange personality. The country newspaper is one of the most im? portant attributes of every town in the United States. When a colony settles anywhere with the intention of "building a village, the first thought is a newspa? per ; the press is thus in the very van? guard of civilization. It is the*useful agent in every place of progress and growth. There is not another single power that can do so much good patient work in the way of building up as the local newspaper. It is not altogether important how it is edited, whether with ability or not, jso that it bo conducted with an industry and enterprise at least side by side with the town; if it can afford to keep a few years in advance it is all the better. A country paper that had little else than advertisements would be an immense help to place, for adver? tisements constitute a reliable index to the character, business and general con? dition of the town. Without a newspa? per, with its local news and business an? nouncements, what would the average American city or village be? It would surely be unknown to its neighbors. The country weeklies ought to be the best supported newspapers "of the whole land, fur they contain news and gossip that cannot be fouud in any of the city dailies. The farmer can learn from his local paper?if he prefers to take it in? stead of some more expensive publication ?how much his neighbor's sixty-acre farm sold for, how the schools are pros? pering, the price of butter aud esrers at the vill age market, and what improve? ments are in progress thro' the section in which he lives. He can get none of this in the city paper, and he cannot be a thoroughly useful citizen without such items of light information. It is not al? ways that the best town supports the best newspapers, but it is strictly a fact that no place ever gets credit for being thrifty or enterprising until it can send out a first-class paper, and that always depends more upon the people than editor.?Fort Scott Monitor. An Important Medical Discovery. ?Dr. Thomas Nicholson, of St. Louis, who has been giving special attention to the study of small-pox for five years, claims to have discovered a specific which is destined to work a revolution in the treatment of this most loathsome disease and rob it of half of its terrors by pre? venting the formation of pustules aud con? sequent pitting of thesurface, while at the same time reducing the danger of conta? gion. His theory is that the surface eruption is not caused by poison in the blood, but is due to the severe inflamma? tion of the skin, which is so dried up by the fever as to cause a total suspension of its excretory function ; and his treatment is to restore as nearly as possible the nor? mal condition of the skin by external application. For this purpose he uses the following preparation, in which it will be seen that gasoline forms the prin- j cipal ingredient: Gasoline, one pint; gum camphor, as much as it will dis? solve ; pulverized sulphate of soda, one drachm; pure carbolic acid, half a drachm. The body of the patient is to be covered with gauze linen, over which the gasoline compound is to be sponged freely, as oc? casion requires, after which the body must be fanned to induce more rapid evapora-: tion. This process is to be repeated till all signs of inflammation have ceased. Not only is the intense cutaneous heat reduced by this operation, and a feeling of great relief enjoyed by the patient, but the disgusting odor of the sick room is destroyed and the danger of infection reduced to the minimum. The Highest Bridge in the World.?The highest bridge in the world will be built at the crossing of the Kentucky river, on the Cincinnati South? ern Railway, near the Shaker ferry. The Baltimore Bridge Company, one of the most noted in the United States, has secured the contract. The bridge will consist of au iron deck truss of three spans of 375 feet each, centre to centre, supported by two piers and two abut? ments. The piers will be built of ma? sonry to a height of 64 feet and 6 inches above low-water mark, and the addi? tional distance below low-waterjraark will soon be determined by boring, under con? trol of the resident engineer. These piers will be 120 feet long end to end of cut water, and 35 wide on the top, built hollow, with the walls 24 feet from the end. Upon the masonry will rest the irou trestle work. The grade line is 275 feet 6 inches above low water. i The abutments will be built upou the cliffs on each side of the river, aud are to be 48 feet high, depending upou the shape of J the ledges of rock. When this structure is completed, Kcntuckiaus can well point with pride to the highest bridge upon this continent.?Danville (Ay.) Advocate. Work for Gov. Chamberlain.? Governor Chamberlain has always vehe? mently denied having had any share in the frauds that have made the Ring no? torious. Had he been in Columbia at the time of the trial of Parker he. could have had an opportunity of vindicating himself. As it is, no authoritative denial of his connection with the coupon fraud has ever been made, and the people arc left in unpleasant suspense. Ibis cannot but injuro Mr. Chamberlain in spite of the fine record he has made as Governor. Mr. Chamberlain owes it to himself and the people of South Carolina to return immediately and vindicate his character from this grave accusation, and further? more to institute proceedings against every member of the late Ring, and every dishonest official, thus proving by his acts that he has no fear of* having his past career exposed to public gaze. Having done this, he will strenghthen himself greatly with the honest people,- and by choking out every suspicion resting upon him will be more powerful than ever in effecting reform.? Winnsboro' News. ? If a spider breaks his thread twenty limes, twenty times will he mend it again. Make up your mind to do a thing, and you will do it. Fear not. if troubles iconic upon you: keep up your spirits, j though the day he dark? "Frwiihlcs never ston forever, I The darkest day will pass away." 1 All Sorts of Paragraphs. ? A certain patriotic young man who intends to visit the great centennial, re* marked the other evening that he had such love and veneration for his country, that- he wouldn't mind embracing the whole thirteen young ladies who are go* ing to represent the original colonies. ? Were we to ask a hundred men, who from small beginnings have attained a condition of comfort, respectability and influence, to what they imputed their success in life, the general answer would be. "it was from being early com? pelled to think for and depend on our? selves." ? "James Jenkins," said a national schoolmaster to his pupil, "what is an 1 average?" "A thing, sir," said the boy promptly, "that hens lay eggs upon." "Why do you say that, you silly boy?" "Because, sir, I heard a gentleman say the other day a hen would lay on an average a hundred and twenty eggs a year." ? Bate3 has his religious opinions and they are better than those of many an abler man. He says: "I'm in favor of meetin's, and prayin', and preachin', and Bibles, and the best way of spread in' the gospel, but when a man, with not very much in him, gets up and makes a sermon two hours' long, I jest think he's spreadin' the gospel a little too thin." ? A gentleman from Fairfield states that in eight years there ha#e been eleven burials of whites in Winnsboro' and one hundred and forty-seven of negroes. In a small section southeast of Winnsboro', where there were seven hun? dred and fifty negroes, there are now but two hundred and fifty. The negroes are dying of consumption, a disease "formerly unknown among them. Idleness and bad living seem to be the chief cause of the mortality. ?A young man who was a stranger in Chicago commenced a flirtation with ? girl in Union Park, the other evening, and thought he was making fair progress; toward an acquaintance, when the young lady suddenly startled him by drawing a pistol from her pocket. He did not know what he had done to make himself a target for cold lead ; but was contem? plating a retreat, when she pulled the trigger, and a fan sprung out from the muzzle of the weapon. The young man felt relieved, but says that after this he will keep posted on the latest style in that kind of toys. ? The Monroe (Ga.) Herald, in wick? edly endorsing Gen. Banks for the Presi? dency, says: "How many a ragged Reb has risen in the morning, cold and hun? gry, and at the toot of Stonewall's horn, marched over to the camp of the Federal General and partook of a smoking break? fast, while the redoubtable Banks would quietly retreat, and leave the hungry rebels to enjoy his abandoned stores. We repeat, the* Southern soldiers have not forgotten all these acts of kindness, but have treasured them up in grateful' remembrance, and will show tneir appre? ciation of them by voting for the Hon. X. P. Banks for "President?if they can find no one that suits them better." ? A recent debate in the English house of commons has given Englishmen a peep through the sultan of Turkey's keyhole. England seems to have a right to "look into the sultan's affairs. It has lent him a hundred millions of pounds, has defended him in the Crimea, and has j entertained him in London. The sultan, 1 it seems, appropriates an income of two million pounds, while the income of his whole country is only seven millions. The shores of the Bosphorus are studded with his vast palaces, and every day at I dinner, the sultan, who dines alone, has I 107 dishes provided for him. He main j tains 800 wives, 350 eunuchs, and 350 J oxen annually are provided for the sultan's kitchen, and other live stock and poultry in proportion. ? A Georgia miller in a recent conver? sation with one of our grain buyers, in? cidentally remarked that dealers in his section wouldn't need any of our corn this year. "Well, we have raised it for you," re? plied the Favetteville merchant, "and you arc bound to take it." "No, we are independent now?Geor? gia will have enough corn of her own," retorted the miller. "Well, we'll feed it to hogs and sell you the meat." "We are safe there too," continued the miller, "our people will furnish their own pork." Nothing daunted, our Favetteville friend discharge his Parthian shaft: "Well, we'll make our corn into whiskey, and vou can't get around buving that." Georgia admitted that ho had him there. j ? A curious story comes to us concern? ing Gen. C. A. Evans, of Augusta. At Frederick City, Maryland, while leading his brigade in battle, he was struck in the left side by a minnie ball. The ball passed through his arm, and thence t through his body. In plowing through his coat pocket it tore through a paper of J pins, burying some of them in the flesh. For the past few months he has been troubled with a pain about a foot and a half from the wound. A week or two since a bump about as large as a pigeon egg, was raised on the spot where the pain was most severe. A few days ago three or four pins worked out of this bump, and it disappeard at once. Thus, for 11 years, Mr. Evans has been a walk? ing pincushion. It is a credit to him to say that he made his famous memorial address, which breathed love and for? giveness, while those hostile pins were in his body. A man that can forgive his enemy, with a handful of pins working about his body, is a Christian. ? A Yankee and a Frenchman owned a pig in copartnership. When killing time came they wished to divide the meat. The Yankee was very anxious to divide so that he would get both hind quarters, and persuaded the Frenchman that the proper way to divide was to cut it across the back. The Frenchman agreed to it on condition that the Yankee would turn his back and take choice of the pieces after it was cut in two. The Yankee turned his back, and the Frenchman asked: "Yich piece will you have?ze piece wid zc tail on him, or ze piece vat ain't got no tail?" "The piece with the tail," replied the Yankee. "Den, by gar, ydu can take him along, and I take ze oder one," said the pleased Frenchman. Upon turning around. *he Yankee found that the Frenchman had cut off the tail and stuck it into the pig's mouth.