University of South Carolina Libraries
ANDERSON C. H., S. 0., THURSDAY MORNING, APRIL 11, 1872. VOLUME VII.?NO. 40. Farn Labor. Such a demand for farm labor has never been Irrjown in this country.. Many of oar fields are 1 ving idle for the want of hands to cultivate wem? 8ome of oar houses, tots and fences are jroing to waste for the want of repairs. Sorry plough gear, broken wagons, the dusty remains .Of oid carriages, and the scattering fragments of mouldering timbers, show unmistakable ji$BB ? ^f labefaction. Weeds and grasses, liners and bushes, thorns and thistles, are visi? ble proofs th&t the forest is making encroach? ments on the rightful domains of previous industry. But few clearings are made. New grounds ure.generally small. Not many long fences of fresh appearance meet the eye. Expansion is ine agricultural policy in these days. No ob? jection if the land is made so much the richer, if evetfy" acre is required to produce a propor? tional increase, ana the whole farm made to yield us much as in former times. ? But as this is not. the case, except in a few instances, it shows that the" same quantity of labor has not been employed.- The hands have died or-gone to other sections, or engaged in other business ithore agreeable to their feelings or lucrative to their purses. As a consequence, farms dwindle i_n size^ original outfit decays, and the mind 15roo3sm melancholy reverie over the rains of .'former wealth. . Many who once labored in the field are work? ing in shops, in factories, or on railroads. More hmds are employed, more means con? sumed, and harder efforts now made to build ridfways than at any former period of our his- j $?iy; Almost every newspaper gives account of some road spanning a river, tunneling a !Hcuntairi, or reaching *a city, where such an landertaking a few years ago would have been considered absolutely infeauible. Let them go with, speed and power, wealth and fame, inter? locking every town and neighborhood with the arms of commercial interest, and diffusing a spirit of enterprise and intelligence among all tne^ebple for aught we care. Ah I we wish ?Aer werb more numerous, finished in better ijtyfe^ paying larger dividends to stockholders, und making oar country the glory of all the ?Barth. Bat what are wo to do meantime for farm .labor? How are we to raise and educate our children ? If the plow stops what is to become of schools, factories, railroads, and all our oth er.inatitutions? Will they not give way, col? lapse, and fall back to fragmentary heaps, like the costly piles of Greece and Borne, when the tillage of their fields stopped ? This reasoning is so plain, as well as some of the signs already mentioned; that many of our wisest men see j the danger, and are introducing every plan they j can to save the country from it Perhaps some of them will find the secret of success. The! solution of the problem is not impossible. If] they will unite, work in concert, and persevere, J tifey will accomplish their end. Combinations achieve victories that individuals cannot win. I uIn the multitude of counsellors there is safe? ty." Success m this case does not depend on one thing. The day of single feats is gone. Once a single combat decided the fate of a nation, but such is not the case at the present time. Once'a solitary wanderer, as Abraham, became the.fouuder of an empire; but now, if a new country, as California, is to be settled, colonies come from every part of the civilized world. We most have hands, white and black, native aod foreign, laying to and working witn ener? gy, before our mountain slopes and rolling plains will ever produce the immense crops of corn and cotton, that the God of nature de? signs for oar people. The day, no doubt, is coming, when burdened Europe, Asia, and the Isles of the ocean, will pour their emigrants into New York, Philadelphia, and aft our ports; send them up our rivers, along our rail? roads, and4hrough all oar neighborhoods; and find homes for them to sell goods, to work in shops,'and- to develop farms, until this land will teem with such an intermixture of races, such productions, and stich wealth, as future historians will never record but once. In the meantime, the labor of the colored l??n must not be undervalued. He can stand | the climate'better than any man of a fair skin and straight hair. His experience is also north something. Our staple productions are familiar to him. How long would it take a rrifm from a trans-Atlantic State to acquire the same knowledge? What would he be worth during his pupilage? As much as the negro? Kot unless his superior mind compensates for the difference. Bat, the fact that the black man's intellect is not so angular, nor his per? sonal ambition so great as the white man's, is one of the reasons why he is so suitable for the j menial labor of a farm. Born to ignorance, raised to coarse fare, and used to plain talk, it is natural for him to yield obedience to higher talent* and attainment. As the laws of nature are superior to acts of Congress, he mast yield this obedience in one form or another, as long as- he" lives. All the political lexers in the world cannot greatly elevate his status. Give him the elective franchise, put him on a throne, and fill his exchequer with the golden sands of ancient Pactolus, and it would not much effect his normal conditrOB: This being true, as a general thing,-we should control his labor as far'as we can with-wisdom and discretion. He who studies his nature cloisely, and controls his labor wisely; will be the most successful farmer in the country. Considering all things that go to make up efficient labor, the colored man is the cheapest hand- we can employ. Needing food, clothes, house, and all the outfit for comfortable living, heTWl be easy to pay. Unable to cope with his white brother, in law, medicine, arid the fine arts?practical, theoretical, aestbetical? raising cane, corn, or cotton, potatoes, peas, or pindars, will be the means of his .daily liveli? hood; The number may not be as large as we wish; nor sufficient to supply half the demand, btrt there will always be aome to hire on rea? sonable terms. Owing to their indisposition to bear' the temperature of a higher latitude, moat of them will remain among us. Like in? digenous plants, they will flourish most in this climate. Here they will bear the finest fruits of their industry. And here their labor will he cHwtf?oTwlth the best consequences. We should never take the least advantage of HheirTgn?rance. In all our business trans? actions we shonld gladly pay them according to contract. If we actually feel an interest in their' welfare, as-every gentleman .should do, we shall have to manifest it. Dull as they are, they will perceive it, and give us more credit fornt than some of us are wont to be? lieve. In spite of the' clandestine' renegades who-; are trying so hard to stir up sectional strife between us, many of the more sensible ones among them have more confidence in our veracity than in the fairest promise of a yan kee. We are glad to sse the reaction. It fore? tokens prosperity. It is the prelude of a better day than-we have seen in this country for some time.' We should seize upon it immediately as a golden opportunity to improve our mutual condition. Will not our people meet the de? mands of the case with urbanity, energy, and financial acumen ? How many of our farmers will observe all the signs of danger that threat? en to cloud our future prospects, and "make hay while the sun shines ?" But, after all, we must depend chiefly on ourselves. We must do all the work we can and wait for better auspices. Labor from the Celestial Empire is not here, nor acclimated, nor acquainted with our modes of culture. Hands from Europe are hardly coming in suf? ficient numbers to make any appreciable dif? ference on our farms. The blacks are here turning up their native soil, and making some? thing lor man and beast But the most of the women who can get other places are hot wil? ling to go to the field. Many of the men (?s already remarked,) are engaged on other works. The demand for labor, therefore, increases on the supply. The cry for help, like the garru? lous tongue of a politician, never stops.? "What shall we do ?" ia asked at every turn in life. "Shall my fields lie idle when cotton is worth twenty cents a pound V Not all of them, we hope. If you will go to work yourself, you can make a handsome sup? port. Push up your lazy neighbor to the same task by the force of example, and yon will do him good. Be instrumental in bringing the J'oung loafer out of the village saloon?in re ieving him of his fine kids and cane?in put? ting his hands to the plough and hoe in grace? ful torn, and you will deserve the highest hon? ors. There are plenty of these dandy loafers of fine cloth and empty purses to make a won? derful difference in the farming interest of the country if the right men were only in the right places. Bot how these wiseacres are ever to be put in the very place nature intended for them is the most important question we have I asked. Would that some one could answer it while their presence on the plantation is so much needed. How fine would they look with hardened hands, tanned faces, and dusty clothes I Never did they look bo grand on a promenade, at a dining, in a ball-room, nor anywhere, in life. Almost every one who is getting a very scan? ty allowance in some other business would do well to go to farming. This class is too numer? ous for detail at present. We cannot specify without taking a heavier risk than we are wil? ting to do on the instant. Some of us would fall into this class in less time than we are writing this article. But let us go if it will benefit all parties. The wonder is that we do not elbow each other off more frequently than we do. Why not scatter out from close retreats, enter the broad domains of nature, and see the fruits of the earth yield their increase ? How much better for our health, our families, and the whole country? Streams of agricultural wealth would run through this happy land in every direction. Every old field, and every desert rock, would be redeemed by the hand of culture, bloom with fresh beauty, and groan under its fructiferous burden.?The Field and Factory. A Trial foe Witchcraft.?A trial for witchcraft under the old Mosaic law has hardly been heard of in this country since the days when divers old crones and grannies were put to death by the Pilgrim Fathers on that hill just outside of Salem, Massachusetts, where the goats and children of Irish laborers now dis? port; but those good old times have come again in Louisville, Kentucky, in the case of a lady summoned for trial before a Presbyterian session in that city. Tbe lady in question, it seems, has avowed a belief iu modern Spirit? ualism, and for this the session cites her to ap? pear, stating her crime to be violations of the first,-second and third commandments. No re? sponse having been made to this citation, the session serves a formal notice that if accused does not appear at a certain set time an advo? cate would be assigned her by the body and a trial be proceeded with as if she had appeared and denied the charge. To this the lady re? sponds she will appear at the time set if she may have the benefit of counsel, but otherwise will deem the affair a sham trial and refuse to have anything to do with it. Whether the ses? sion will permit of counsel does rot appear; but it is quite likely such will be the case, and an interesting trial may be thus expected. A Discovery about Corn.?In this think? ing and observant age, new ideas and discov? eries are constantly being made known, many of which, if true, are never after heard of, while others pass into the treasury of estab? lished fact, when their merit has been proven. We have inst met with the following paragraph in an exchange: "An intelligent and reliable farmer, who has for many years been making experiments with corn, has discovered an importance and valuo in replanted corn which is quite novel and wor? thy of publication. We have always thought replanted corn was of little consquence; he replants whether it is needed or not?or rather he plants two or three weeks after crops are Slanted, about every fifteenth row each way. le says if the weather becomes dry during the filling time, the silk and tassel both become dry and dead. In this condition, if it should be? come seasonable, the silk revives and renews, but the tassel does not recover. Thus, for want of pollen, the new silk is unable to fill the office for which it was designated. The pollen from the Teplanted corn is then ready to supply the silk, and the filling is completed. He says nearly all the abortive ears, so common in the corn crop, is caused by the want of pollen, and that he has known ears to double their size in the second filling." A New Cultivator.?Mr. J. R. Minter, of TJnionville, has patented an improvement in cultivators which promises to be of great im? portance to farmers and planters. It consists essentislly of three working parts or ploughs attached to a suitable stock, and adjustable by means of a very simple arrangement of slots and bolts. The central piece is a small shovel plough, attached to the standard; the side pieces are winged scrapers, fastened to slotted oars; the whole being calculated to stir the entire space between the rows at one passage, the adjustment rendering it capable of being adaptea to rows of different width; but the crowning excellence of this new implement, as claimed by the inventor, lies in its use as a scraper at the first working of cotton. For this purpose, the central plough is taken off and the two side scrapers made to straddle the row; cutting as close to the plants as is desired, cleaning the whole bed at one movement, and leaving little work for the hoe, thus making an immense saving of labor. ? The United States' Census; when com? pleted, will fill three volumes of the size of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. The first volume will contain the tables of the popoula tion, churches, schools and colleges, school at? tendance, libraries, newspapers, pauperism and crime, and persons of the Bchool. military and citizenship ages. The second volume will con? tain the tables of mortality, dumb, blind, in? sane and idiotic. The third volume will con? tain the records of industry and wealth in the United States, and also tables,of wealth, taxa? tion and general indebtedness; of agriculture, of manufacturing and mining industry ana fisheries, and also the tables of occupation. J ? The children say, it's scold weather always when house-cleaning is going on. i The Cultivation of Tea. The leaves of quite a number of. shrubs are in use in different parts of the world for making the teas which have become so universal a bev? erage. The most common of these shrubs is the China tea plant. It Is quite uncertain when this first began to be used, but tradition, fixes the period as early as the third century, though it seems certainly as late as the seventh that the use became general in China, where the plant is a native growth. Early in the ninth it was introduced into Japan, but it was not brought to Europe till the sixteenth or seven? teenth century. It was considerably past the middle of the latter that the East India Com? pany thought it a rare gift to present to the Queen of England two pounds of tea, while, about; the same time, it seemed a thing worthy of record that the Russian Embassadors brought back to Moscow some carefully packed green tea, which was received with great acceptance. But probably the use of no article has ever ex? tended itself more rapidly, and it is now a common beverage, not only in Europe and America, but in almost every country of the world. Indeed, it i3 believed to be used at present by five hundred million people, or half the inhabitants of the world. Though indigenous in China, the native growth there is not much depended on for a supply. On the contrary, the plant is moat carefully cultivated, and affords one chief em? ployment to the people of that vast empire.? The region adaptea to its growth is very ex? tensive, reaching through more than twenty degrees of latitude, and, more than twice as many of longitude^ though the more important district is near the coast about Shanghai and Southward. The phnt is grown in almost every variety of soil, but that best adapted to it is a light loam, more or less stoney, abound? ing in vegetable mould, and moist but not wet. The seeds are gathered in October, and kept in sand till the following spring, when they are sown, either in rows in the field where they are to grow, or else iu beds, from which they are transplanted; if the latter, they are put out the second year in rows three or four feet apart. In growing, they look not unlike a fiela of gooseberry bushes with us. They are hardy, yet if the weather is very cold they need protection; if dry, the cultivators resort to irrigation. The gathering of the leaves sometimes commences the third year, though often not till the fourth. There* are three or four harvests?the first, of leaf buds, early in April, though many prefer to forego this, and allow the leaves to grow. If gathered, these buds make the choicest variety of black tea, known as Pekoe. But new leaves soon appear, and a second gathering occurs the last of April, or early in May. which is the principal har? vest, and affords a fine tea as the product A third gathering occurs early in July, which furnishes leaves of an inferior quality, and sometimes there is a fourth gathering in Au? gust or September, which furnishes leaves still coarser and poorer. The plants rarely last more than eight or ten years, when they are dug up and replaced with a new stock. In gathering, the leaves are stripped off without much care, and carried to a building where they are assorted and dried. The drying process varies according to the kind of tea to be produced, for our varieties of green and black tea are not so much the product of different species or regions as re? sult from different ways of curiug the same leaf. The green teas are cured almost as soon as the leaves are brought from' the field, being allowed to remain not more than an hour or two thinly spread upon trays, to dry off any superfluous moisture, before they are put into the roasting pans. These latter have oeen in the meantime heated by a brisk fire, and into them are throwu a few of the leaves, which are allowed to remain four or five mimutes, rapidly shaken and stirred, when they are thrown out upon a table and rolled with the hands. Afterward they are again thrown into a pan heated by a slow steady fire, and allowed to remain an hour or an hour and a half, being kept all the time in motion by the hands of the workmen. Sometimes they are thrown upon a table to be rolled a second time. This com? pletes the chief part of the operation, though afterwards, when a considerable quantity has thus been finished, it goes through a further f>roccss of winnowing and sifting to separate mpurities, and assorting into different varie? ties, and reheating also to be sure that the dry? ing is complete.?Grocers' Price-Current. A Falsehood Exposed.?We make the following extract from the proceedings of Con? gress on the 2nd inst, in which the libellous accusation against Gens. Hampton, Kershaw aud Butler, made some time ago by Senator Edmunds, of Vermont, has been fully exposed and refuted : In the Senate Mr. Robertson submitted a let? ter addressed to himself and Mr. Sawyer, from Geucrals Wade Hahiptou, Kershaw and M. C. Butler, of South Carolina, denying that they were connected with the Ku Kluxorganization,, or ever had been. Sanator Blair remarked that the Senator from Vermont, Mr. Edmunds, had in the same debate, and at the same time that these gentlemen were referred to, charged that tho counsel employed to defend the prisoners in South Carolina, the Hon. Reverdy Johnson and the Hon. Henry Stanbery, had become dis? gusted with the crimes which were proved against their clients, and had abandoned the case. He then sent to the desk to be read a let terof date February 19th, 1872, addressed by Mr. Johnson to General Wade Hampton. In the letter, Mr. Johnson refers to the statement of Mr. Edmunds, which he says is utterly iucor rect and unfounded. So far from having aban? doned the case, he says that Mr. Stanbery and himself remained at Columbia until their mis? sion was consummated. He also says that there was neither the slightest testimony nor suspicion to connect the three gentlemen to whom allusion was made as having any con? cern with the K? Klux movement, and he is satisfied that Mr. Edmunds, whom he knows would not consciously do an injustice, had been egregiously wronged. Edmunds said that com? mon report had Baid that Messrs. Johnson and Stanbery had abandoned the case, and he be? lieved it then, and, with all due deference, he believed it now. Concerning his statement as to the three persons all uded to, he had been credibly informed that evidence to criminate them was iu the possession of the officers of the government and would be produced at the proper time. Senator Blair said he was satis-i lied that there was no such evidence, and that' these gentlemen had come to Washington de? manding to be confronted with the charges. Edmunds said that he only repeated what he had been informed^and that if the gentlemen could prove their innocence he would be very glad of it. ? That nation will thrive and grow, and strike deep root in*the earth, whose young men and women are taught to cherish happy and honorable homes. And the nation is dying a horrible death, whose young men and women loath home, or know not its value. It is the homes of a pcoplo that give all its character and solid worth. Underdraining for Uplands. Mr. Editor : I was conversing lately with an intelligent practical agriculturist of the. old school on the advantages of underdraining, and when I told him that it should not be con? fined exclusively to wet lands, but that it would be of great advantage to high.lands, even hill? tops, I saw that he thought I was "running things into the ground," and that he had no respect whatever for my advice. He could comprehend, he said,, the good of carrying off the surplus water from low, wet plaees, but could not understand how anything was to be gained from draining land where water never lodges. I- explained to him at some length how draining would benefit uplands, and was pleased to find that I had convinced him of the truth of my reasoning. At his suggestion that "a heap of good, farmers do not under? stand this," and that it would do good to pub? lish the fact for the benefit of the uninformed, I venture to ask a small space in your excellent paper to explain a great truth which may be made of incalculable benefit to our country. For I believe that if we would underdrain more we should. buy fertilizers less, and that we should hear much less of late seasons, droughts, and long wet spells, in explanation of bad and short crops. I am encouraged to make the request because I know that you have frequently advocated underdrainage in the columns of the Farm and Home, and that you comprehend its benefits. But to my subject. I maintain that under draining would render even a hillside more fertile. The following are the reasons: I take for granted that the drains are open at both ends. Where this is the case .the air entering at the lower end and coming out at the upper, is passing through in a continual current. The drain carries of all surplus water, and as it does so leaves spaces or interstices between the particles of soil into which the air penetrates, which being warmer than the soil, is constant? ly furnishing heat to the supercumbent soil, and thus among other things rendering it fit for cultivation much sooner in the spring than undrained soil. The foul and poisonous gases which exist in the soil are set free and given a means of escape. The atmospheric current constantly passing through, carries with it sup? plies of ammonia and carbonic acid, and while the entire mass of earth from the drain to the surface is permeated by this current, moisture is imparted to every particle of it, thus fur? nishing an infallible protection against drought. Then, again, this atmospheric current which the drains introduce into the subsoil makes the inorganic elements of the soil soluble and fit for plant food. Just here my farmer friend remarked that he could see how this might be true just where the drain passed, and for a little distance on either side, but that he could not see how it would affect the space between the lateral drains. I told him that as it must be conceded j that well-constructed drains will carry off all surplus water from the spaces between them, it followed that as the water was removed air took its place, and thus permeated the mass supplying the organic portions of plants, and preparing all inorganic matter for assimilation. Very few know or appreciate the extent and I importance of the agency of the atmosphere in the vegetable world. But when they learn or remember that every particle of the vege? table, with the exception of that which forms its ash when burned, is derived from the at? mosphere, an adequate idea may be formed of its value. Subsoiling land operates to some degree in a j similar manner to underdraining ;* but while it is far preferable to nothing, it cannot be com Sared in value to a thorough system of under rainagc, as practiced by the intelligent agri? culturists of Scotland and England.?Southern \ Farm and Home. The Two Bootblacks.?During a slight lull in business the other day two little boot? blacks, one white and one black, were standing on a corner doing nothing, when the white bootblack agreed to black the black bootblack's boots. The black bootblack was of course willing to have his boots blacked by his fellow bootblack, and the bootblack who had agreed to black the black bootblack's boots went to work. . When the bootblack had blacked one of. the black bootblack's boots till it shone in a manner that would make any bootblack proud, this bootblack who bad agreed to black the black bootblack's boots refused to black the other boot of the black bootblack until the black bootblack, who had consented to have the white bootblack black his boots; should add five cents to the amount the white boot? black had made blacking other men's boots. This the bootblack whose one boot had been blacked refused to do, saying that it was good enough for a black bootblack to have one boot blacked, and he didn't care whether the boot that the bootblack hadn't blacked was blacked or not. This made the bootblack who had blacked the black bootblack's boot as angry as a bootblack often gets, and he vented his black wrath by spitting upon the blacked boot of the black bootblack. This roused the latent passions of the black bootblack, and he pro? ceeded to boot the white bootblack with the boot which the white bootblack had blacked. A fight then ensued, in which the white boot? black, who bad refused to black the unblacked boot of the black bootblack, blacked the black bootblack's yisionary organ, and in which the black bootblack wore all the blacking off his blacked boot, in booting the white bootblack. The fraternity of bootblacks afterward con? vened and denounced the action of the white and black bootblack as one of the blackest in the pages of bootblack history. KU KLUX AeBESTS IS SOUTH CaBOLINA.? The Columbia Phoenix states that warrants for the arrest of two hundred citizens of Newberry and three hundred in Laurcns counties have been issued. These wholesale arrests wear the aspect of an official speculation. The process we learn is simple and summary. The Mar? shal or representative of the Federal Govern? ment goes before the United States Commis? sioner and makes some affidavit; forthwith he receives a warrant and proceeds to arrest the suspected party, showing only the bach of the warrant. Of course the citizen makes a demand to read the warrant, and to learn what the charges brought against him may be, and upon whose affidavit the warrant has been issued.? This is denied him. If resistance is threatened or attempted, the forces of the United States are called into action. Of course there is no remedy, except in flight or surrender. The 1 number of these arrests must bring a good round sum into the pockets of the officials in the way of costs, &c., to say nothing of black? mail. Grant's representatives in South Caro? lina are making a "good thing" out of the Ku Klux Act. We suppose the process will con? tinue so long as it proves profitable, and there is no interference.?Augusta Chronicle and Sen? tinel. ? "Say, Jones, what's the matter with your eye?" "Oh, nothin', only my wife said this morning, 'you'd better get up and light the fire,' and I told her to make it herself, that's all." General Humphrey Marshall. This distinguished gentleman died at Louis? ville, on the 28th of March, of pneumonia. General Marshall was a native of Kentucky, of the same family which has contributed sev? eral very eminent personages to our history. He was a blood relation of the great Chief Justice John Marshall, and several of his an? cestors were prominent in the public affairs of Kentucky. General Humphrey Marshall was educated for the military profession, and, grad? uating at West Point, served several years in the army as lieutenant. Ambition and high intellectual apdowments, however, drew him to the bar ana to political life; so, abandoning the military, he adopted .the profession of law, and rose rapidly to dis? tinction and a large practice in his native State.' His intellect was equal to any demand, and his learning and great knowledge of men placed him among the foremost of the great lawyers of Kentucky. Law and poHtics are inseparable in Kentucky, and Col. Marshall was drawn into that maelstrom of so many able lawyers at an early age. In the party strug? gles in that State he became a leader, espous? ing at first thu Whig and afterward the Ameri? can parties, by which he was elected to the Legislature, to the State Convention, and final? ly to Congress. Previous, however, to his ap Searance in Congress, he had served in the lexican war, as Colonel of a fine regiment of mounted riflemen, who did good service at Bu ena Vista and elsewhere. In the National House of Eepresntatives there were few abler debaters or more skillful parliamentarians than Col. Marshall. While in Congress he received the appointment of Minister to China, and re? sided tor some time in tuat country, with whose history, government, institutions aud character, he acquired a familiarity which has been at and research, our Government owes almost all the information which has been collected and preserved in our State papers relative to this geculiar people. On his return from China, Olonel Marsball resumed his old position as representative of the Louisville District in Con? gress, and held it almost down to the breaking out of the war. When that occurred, he iden? tified himself with the cause of the South, was appointed a Brigadier General, and served sev? eral years in Virginia and Kentucky. I At the end of the war Colonel Marshall re? sumed the practice of his profession, which he prosecuted for a few months in this city, but finally removed to his old arena, Louisville, where he was actively engaged at the bar at the time of his death. There were few abler men in the West than Humphrey Marshall. His mind was remarka? bly acute and capacious, and his ability as a clear, vigorous, logical writer and speaker was equalled by few. His immense physical frame served to make more impressive the great ac? tivity and brilliancy of his intellectual facul? ties. Withal, kc was a gentleman of great am? iability of heart and and geniality of manners and habits. His decease will be deeply mourn? ed by the whole people of Kentucky, to whom he was always a true and devoted son.?N. 0. Picayune. Death of Prof. Morse, the Father of the The intelligence of the death of Prof. Sam? uel F. B. Morse, which occurred in New York on the 2nd of April, was not unexpected to the countrv, as he had been lying for days in a critical condition. The annexed brief sketch of his life and services is copied from the Charleston New*: Prof. Samuel F. B. Morse, whose peaceful death after a long and honored life flashed in an instant from his bedside to the remotest parts of a sympathizing^ world by the agency of his own immortal invention, was born in Charlestown, Mass., April 27,1791, and conse? quently lacked but a few days of being eighty one years old. In his early manhood he was an artist of repute, and in 1S13 his colossal picture of "The Dying Hercules," and his plas? ter model of the same subject, received the prize in the Roval Academy of England. Fifty years ago he practiced his profession in our own city, and he removed hence to New York City in 1822, where, among other works of art, he executed a full length portrait of General Lafayette, then on a visit to this country. It was in 1832, while returning from a visit to Europe, that he conceived the idea of convey? ing verbal messages from distant points by means of an electric current, and, by laborious study and careful and prolonged experiment, he finally invented the present system of the electric telegraph which has wrought such won? derful results in the history of the world. In 1840, Professor Morse perfected his patent at Washington, and in 1844 the first line of tele? graph in the United States (between Baltimore and Washington) was completed. He lived to see a more ample fulfilment of his immortal conception thau he could possibly have real? ized, and he died full of yeaas and of honor. His has been the lot, rare among inventors, of witnessing the full triumph of his genius, and of receiving the hearty plaudits and the sub? stantial rewards of a grateful world. On his eightieth birthday, April 27, 1871, a beautiful bronze statue of Professor Morse, by Mr. Byron M. Pickett, was unveiled in Central Park, New York, in the presence of the representatives of the telegraphic fraternity of New York, by whom it was presented to the city, and of a large concourse of people, who will not readily forget the imposing ceremonies of the occasion and the venerable appearance of the honored inventor. His last public appearance in New York was at the unveiling of DeGroat's statue of Franklin, in Printing House Square, to which he was attracted to pay his tribute to the memory of the philosopher who first caught from the clouds the lightning flash which he himself had chained to the chariot wheels of commerce and intelligence. Self-reliance.?The young man who starts out in life relying upon others, will rare? ly accomplish much. The men who succeed, are the self-reliant, confident ones, those who have gone forth on their own energies and abil? ities, and who have courage to attack ob? stacles, of whatever character, and persevere in their assaults until they nre overcome. We have a number of such in mind at present* and not a few of the opposite class. It is the sons of wealthy farmers who arc generally the most reliant upon others. Wherever one rich man's son succeeds in business, twenty fail. The large majority of our prosperous men of all pursuits and professions are those who have commenced life with but little bevond a stout pair of hands, a clear head and a confident spirit. They are the ones who suBdue difficul? ties and master situations which to sons of wealth and luxury appear insurmountable. ? Dr. Franklin recommends a young man, in the choice of a wife, to select her from a bunch, for, says he, wherever there are several daughters they improve each other, and from emulation acquire more accomplishments, and know more and do more than a single child spoiled by paternal fondness. This is a com To his profou?d study Telegraph. fort to people with large families. % The* People and the >Tew Taxes. The Charleston News, in noticing the failure of an effort to test the constitutionality'of the License Act recently passed by the Legislature, makes a virtual admission that there is no hope to be expected from any farther efforts to op? pose the onerous burdens put upon the people through the medium of the Courts. Its com? ments upon this failure will be found interest? ing : . The virtual collapse of the popular move? ment in opposition to the license law is terribly disheartening, for the reason that it is an une? quivocal indication that the classes whom tax? ation most seriously affects have come to the conclusion that it is cheaper, after all, to com? ply with the provisions of an odious law than to encounter the unpleasant hazards of indictment and prosecution. It is the opinion of counsel of high position that the license law is as unconstitutional as it is undoubtedly oppressive. All Charleston seemed ready to stand in the breach, and to take the chances of fins and imprisonment. But, as soon as it was known that the prosecu? ting officers flatly refused to suspend proceed? ings, the opinion found frank and general ex? pression that resistance was useless, and that the payment of the license fees could not safely be postponed. Even before the meeting of Monday adjourned a number of persons nad already taken out their licenses, some of them paying the whole annual tax in one lump, in? stead of the first quarterly instalment, which would have satisfied the legislative require? ments. Everybody felt that the law was a monstrous injustice, but the majority were no doubt honestly convinced that they could bet? ter afford to pay license fees amounting, for the whole State, to a million of dollars than to run the gauntlet of the courts. The meeting con? tented itself with formally advising the people to contest the law, leaving it with each indi? vidual to decide for himself how this should be done. And here, unless we are sadly mistaken, ends the first serious effort to foil the State Govr eminent in its set purpose of forcing from the people, this year, the enormous sum required to meet both its old debts and current expen? ses. It is useless to shut our eyes to the plain significance of this admission. The meaning of it is that the tax-payers, in their disorgan? ized condition, despair of successfully oppos? ing the stringent and unequal fiscal laws of the State. They will find it hard in the extreme to comply with the demands of the tax-gather? er; but, until there is more unanimity of sen? timent and determination than has so far been manifested, the people must pay, and pay quickly, every dollar of tax levied upon them. And the greater their distress, and the more painful their privations, the stronger will be the motive for bending every energy to the great work of securing a reformation of the government of the State. This alone can give the people complete relief; and, failing an ap? peal to the courts, it is, also, the speediest rem? edy within the reach of the taxpayers. AU Sorts of Paragraphs. ? The best way to get rid of troublesome friends, we are tdd, is to lend them money. ? A celebrated author says that spite and ill nature are the most expensive luxuries in life. ? A miser's first rule in arithmetic is ad? dition, but his heirs generally begin with di? vision. ? Some people act as if their debts were like coffee, and would settle themselves in time by Btanding. ? N. P. Willis used to object to water on the ground that "ever since the deluge it has tas? ted unpleasantly of sinners." ? A cotemporary says of a prominent Gen? eral that "his sword was never drawn but once, and then in a rattle." ? Some one says the lion and the lamb may lie down together in this world, but when the lion gets up it will be hard work to find the lamb. ? A grocer recently had a pou nd of sugar returned, with a note stating that it contained too much sand for table use, and not enough for building'purposes.' ? A publisher sent to a Norristown editor, the other day, a new song- entitled "What shall my love wear ?" The Norristown man regar* ded the question wholly in its moral aspects, and sat down and wrote a kind but firm article recommending her to wear her clothes. ? Au Illinois editor thus sarcastically speaks of the marriage of a professional brother in Indiana: "He stepped upon the hymeneal, platform, adjusted tue fatal noose, and was swung off into that unsilent bourne whence he can never return, save by the Indianapolis con? necting lines." ? A college president met on the cars a stu? dent whose character for sobriety was not good, and whose then appearance evidenced a debauch, approached him, and solemnly and regretfully said: "Been on a drunk?" "So have I," was the immediate reply. ? A pious but uneducated judge closed a sentence with the following touching reproach: "Prisoner at the bar, nature has endowed you with a good education and respectable family connections, instead of which you go prowling around the country stealing ducks." ? The following is the way they call out the figure of a "reel" out West: "Dance to the gal with the yellow shawl; uow down outside and up the middle; turn to your partner, Isaac Smash, and uow to that entire stranger; sach cz to the right and left; ra de tan da du de; now to Peter Schwitchall's daughter; turn to your partner every one; set to the flaring; balance one and spin about to the girl with the hole in heel of her stocking. ? A quiet family in the country was electri? fied the other day by the receipt of a telegraph? ic dispatch from a daughter who was teaching: in a distant city. The telegram was passed, around and duly admired. The dashing bold? ness of the chirographv came in for Its share of the praise. The old lady shook hef head with an air of gratified pride as she ejaculated slowly: "Ann Maria allere did write like a man, guess she's been takin' writin' lessons* this here beats her last letter all holler!" Not the Lowest Cape.?Many of the newspapers referring to the Tichborne case,, speak of it as the longest trial on record, and' of the speech of the Attorney General in oppo? sition to the claimant as the longest speech.? As a matter of history this is not correct. The * trial of Warren Hastings upon articles of impeachment for high crimes and misdc* mcanors, before the British Parliament, was much longer, and the address of Edmund Burke upon presenting the articles of impeachment is probably the longest legal argument on record. This remarkable trial began by the preaentath n of articles of impeachment to the House of Commons, April 4, 1786. The answer, reply, rejoinder, &c, consumed the time until the be? ginning of February 1788. The trial before the House of Commons began February \Z\ 1788, and ended March 17, 17S9>. Edmund^ Burke commenced his opening speech on, the) 15th day of February; 17SS, and closed'Hcv'ei\ I weeljp later4 on, the 7th day of May following