University of South Carolina Libraries
An Independent Family Journal?Devoted to Politics, Literature and General Intelligence. _ _ _?a_.b?cs - .1- . . i . ? --? : " "' " ?' ? ?? ,'\uru-*tvrnsr-tm' .mini* txaBBaj^aMBntoaaBaaESaacaa g HOYT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON C. H., S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 8, 1870. VOLUME 8?NO. 24. GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives : In transmitting my annual message to the General Assembly, I take pleasure in congrat? ulating you upon the gratifying evidences of material progress and improvement surround? ing us, aud the general indications of the pre? valence of peace and harmony within the State. Health and prosperity have generally prevailed during the past year, the earth has borne a most bounteous harvest, and I am hap? py to say that,. with but few exceptions, per? sonal and political animosities, the eradication of which is necessarily the work of time, are being gradually ameliorated, and a very gene? ral desire is manifested, especially among the more thoughtful and responsible, to obliterate old animosities, and, by co-operation and har? mony, to manifest the power of a united people in a united purpose to give their State promi? nence and themselves respectability. The following statement exhibits the indebt? edness ancLassets of the State, October 31,1870: Funded debt of the State, Octo? ber, 31, 1870.$7,665,908 98 Assets held by the State on that date.. 2,290,700 00 $5,375,208 98 For a full and detailed statement of the fi? nancial condition of the State, I would respect? fully refer you to the reports of the Comptrol? ler and Treasurer. the sinking fund. From a report of the Secretary of the Commissioners of the sink? ing fund, it will be found that of the unremunerative property of the. State, there has been dis Sosed j of 21,698 shares of the rreeaville and Columbia Rail? road stock, at $2.75 per share.$59,669 50 240 shares: of South Carolina and Southwestern Railroad stock, at $4d per share. 10,800 00 Building material in State House yard. 3,014 70 Real estate?four acres on Arsenal Hill, and one acre on Main street, rear of State House. 6,965 00 4,000 shares of Cheraw and Coal? fields Railroad Company, at $3.75 per share. 15,000 00 Amount realized..$95,449 20 expenditures. For$l00,000 of South Carolina bonds$81,937 50 For commissions^advertisements, &c, 855 CO $82,792 50 Balance on hand.$12,656 70 The report of the Secretary of State presents an epitome of the labors of his department for the current year, and gives a lively idea of the amount of labor transacted in the Executive Departineuts. In addition to the usual amount of work, the Secretary, in his present report, has prepared a careful compilation of all the election returns in tabular form, presenting the names uf all the parties voted for, and the number of votes they received. the penitentiary. The report of the Commissioners of the Pen? itentiary presents the affairs of that institution in a highly favorable aspect, and it is fully borne out by the annual report of the Superin? tendent which accompanies it. Since his last annual report, the Superin? tendent has received in the institution... 2S0 Inmates at that date. 295 Whole number during the year. 575 Of which number there have been dischar? ged bv expiration of sentence. 23 Pardoned.". 205 Died......:. 24 Escaped. 6 Insane... 1 259 Leaving a balance of 316 in confinement, of | which 309 are males and seven females. Such us are enumerated as pardoned mainly consist? ed of those whose terms were about to expire, and who were recommended for their good be? havior by the Superintendent By anticipa? ting the expiration of their sentence, the crim? inal generally avoids the deprivation of his civil rights, many of which would be forfeited by- their consummation. The effect of this leniency is stated by the Superiutendent as be? ing most salutary in promoting good behavior among the convicts, and enabling him, from day to day, to designate large numbers of the convicts for work as laborers, teamsters and mechanics, without the preseuce of a guard, outside the enclosure of the prison, and not one his betrayed the conlideucc thus reposed. The Superintendent makes a variety of sugges? tions for the extension and improvement of | the institution, which arc respectfully commen? ded to your favorable consideration. agricultural statistics. The report of the Commissioner of Agricul? tural Statistics contains much valuable infor? mation in relation to the soil and productions of the State, embracing the various crops and modes of cultivation, the value of the numer? ous fertilizers, the culture of fruits, and of the grape, and the formation of roads. I recommend that a liberal appropriation be made, to be distributed in premiums as prizes for excellence in agriculture and mechanic arts among the several Counties and the State Fair at Columbia, with the understanding that an equal amount from private sources be raised for the name purposes by the State Fair, and County Fairs respectively. LUNATIC ASYLUM. I submit for your consideration, the report of | the Regents of "the Lunatic Asylum, accompa? nied by the annual reports of the Superinten? dent and of the Treasurer of the institution. The report of Dr. Ensor shows, that at the commencement of the year, the number of pa? tients was 232, to which was added 90, making a total of 322 under the treatment during the year. Of this number, 30 have been discharged cured; 16 have been removed; 31 have died, and 4 have escaped, leaviug in the institution at this date 244 patients; of whom 112 are males and 132 are females. The Treasurer's statement shows that, during the year, the re? ceipts and disbursements were as follows: Collections.$41,002 52 Appropriation. 17,505 00 Total..$58,507 52 DISBURSEMENTS. By deficit in last annual report.$ 154 81 Supplies. 40,994 29 Salaries and wages. 14,482 69 Repairs and improvements. 2,336 25 Balance, deposited. 539 48 Total.$58,507 52 liabilities. For supplies..;..$11,835 00 Salaries aud wages.?. 3,143 50 Total....'.$14,978 50 ASSETS. Due by County Commissioners.$23,519 26 Pay patients, regarded good. 3,924 93 State appropriations, to Januarv 1, 1871...f...... 6,026 97 Extensio?s and repairs. 10,000 00 Total.$43,471 16 The Board of Regents, in transmitting the reports of the Superintendent and of the Treas? urer of the institution, aecomparry them by two important recommendations, viz: L That the beneficiaries should be main? tained by the State, instead of the several Counties; and 2. The extension of the present new building, so as to enable us to abandon the inferior quar? ters used for patients. With regard to the first recommendation, it has my thorough concurrence. The effect of the present system is to throw the entire ex? pense of supporting the Asylum on a portion of the Counties, while a considerable number are largely in arrear of their payments, as will be seen by the table accompanying the Treasu? rer's report.. By apportioning the amount of the tax on the respective Counties to the num-1 ber of beneficiaries accommodated at the Asy? lum, and collecting it with the general tax, a more equitable system will be reached, and the Asylum saved from several embarrassments to which it is now liable*. With regard to the proposed extension of the Asylum, for which an appropriation of $40,000 is asked, I think its propriety, as well as ex? pediency, are matters of considerable doubt. It will be recolcctcd, that for more than twenty years the suitableness of the present locality has been a matter of discussion, while the want of adaptability of the buildings to their pres? ent purposes is generally admitted. In conse? quence of these deficiencies, the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum, which, at its establishment, stood at the head of similar iustitutious in this country, has entirely lost that proud pre-emi? nence, and now lags lamentably in the rear. Among those who have been most urgent for the abandonment of the present site and build? ings, are Dr. D. H. Trezevant, the former, and Dr. J. W. Parker, the recent Superiutendent of the institution, who unite in condemning them for want of space in the grounds and of suita? bleness in the buildings. To these gentlemen, whose long connection with the institution ren? ders their opinion authoritative, may now be added those of Dr. J. F. Ensor, the present Superintendent, who says that, on taking charge of it, (the Asylum,) August 5, he found it tar behind the times in almost everything that is now considered necessary in a well-appointed Asylum; its buildings are uot of proper capaci? ty or construction. Iso greater blunder was ever made in architecture than the plan upon which this gloomy, incongruous pile was erect? ed ; the most of the rooms are mere cells or chinks in the walls, dark und illy ventilated, and those on the ground-floor damp and un? healthy ; that it would be, to say the least, the greatest inhumanity to require the patients to occupy them. In corroboration of his own statement, Dr. Ensor quo.es Dr. Wilkins, Com? missioner of insanity lor the State of Califor? nia, who is now making a tour of the United States and Europe, iu quest of information touching the subject of insanity, and institu? tions for the insane, who spoke of our Asylum "as the farthest behind the age of all that he had visited in this country," with one excep? tion. With these concurrent remarks of medical men of the highest authority, it may well be inquired whether it is consistent with policy or expediency to patch up an old and generally condemned building, by expending a large ad? ditional amount of money on it, and thus per? petuate the institution in its present unfit lo? cality, or to make the necessary investigation as to whether a more suitable location i ould not be selected, where ample grounds could be secured and suitable buildings erected for a moderate sum, in addition to the price obtained for the present premises. I commend the sub? ject to your careful and deliberate investiga? tion. ? QUARANTINE. The annual report of Dr. Lobby, Health Officer of the Port of Charleston, will be found highly interesting and satisfactory, as exem? plifying, beyond all cavil, the importuut fact that with an attentive and vigilant quarantine officer, the city of Charleston may be consider? ed perfectly safe from the visits of tropical epidemics which have occasionally desolated her streets and paralyzed her commerce. Her exemption from pestilential diseases, her gen? eral salubrity, her accessibility at all seasons, with her other signal advantages and facilities, present a brilliant future to Charleston, which, if properly improved, cannot fail to place her at the head of Southern sea-ports. Dr. Lobby, in his report, makes a number of suggestions and recommendations, which are deservedly en? titled to the highest respect, and are recom? mended to your favorable consideration. PHOSPHATES. Attention is called to the elaborate and sug festive report of Prof. Charles U. Shepard, Jr., nspector of guano and fertilizers. It presents in a most forcible aspect the magnitude und importance of this new field of enterprise and industry, its rapid growth a:nd probable exten? sion. In this connection, your attention may be usefully given to the law of last session, granting to certain parties therein named, the right to dig and mine in the navigable streams of the State for phosphate. The receipts thus far to the State from that Company have beeu $1,989. In my judgment, further legislation is imperatively required to protect the interests of the State in this matter. It is believed, that with a moderately efficient administration of the affairs of this valuable property, a sum may be realized to the Treasury sufficient to pay the interest on the debt of the State, or its equiva? lent. The Constitution provides for a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation and that only the proceeds of mines and mining claims shall be assessed. The inquiry may be suggested, whether the present mode of asses? sing the phosphate lands is the most advanta? geous to the State, and equitable to the tax Sayer, and whether some change is not deman ed. THE LAND COMMISSION Was undoubtedly one of the wisest and most beneficent projects of the State; but, from the odium which has been brought upon it by charges, freely made, of peculation and person? al purposes in its administration, the results have not been commensurate with the sagacity and philanthropy of its objects. About S600, 000 have been expended, and thousands of acres of land have been purchased, but up to this time only a comparatively small portion of the land has been sold to actual settlers; and the tardiness of the Commission should be a sub? ject of investigation by the Legislature. This investigation should be thorough and searching, by intelligent and honest men, who should ex? amine fairly and fearlessly iuto alleged abuses, which have excited wide-spread comment and denunciation. Desiring to investigate these al? leged abuses myself, I applied to an eminent law firm in this city, but was informed that, owing to the imperfect legislation which char? acterized the Act, my power over the matter was very limited and questionable. Whatever abuses have characterized this agency and paralyzed its usefulness, are mainly traceable to its organization, by which its authority was delegated to five commissioners, and by its di? vided responsibility, in constituting any three of them, whose assent, obtained either individ? ually or in the aggregate, a quorum to decide all questions brought before them, I will make no recommendation upon the subject of modi? fying these provisions, but would respectfully ask that the Executive, be relieved from his share of the control arid responsibility of the management of its ^flairs, of which he is en? titled, under the law. to one-fifth, while, in pub? lic estimation, he is held responsible for all the faults and abuses connected with its entire su? pervision. He would take the liberty, how? ever, of suggesting the entire separation of the Commissioner from politics, and restricting him to the direction or its legitimate operations. Your attention is called to the fact, from the money already received for the land sold, as well as those "which are to be sold hereafter, there is no provisioh Made for its safe-keeping, other than the personal responsibility of the Commissioner, who has them under his exclu? sive charge. Provision should also be made for their deposit in some safe and responsible institution, or they should be used for the pur? pose of the redemption of the bonds issued for the purchase of lands. STATE LIBRARY. The report of the Librarian witnesses his in? defatigable zeal and industry in the discharge of his duties, and the preservation of property I entrusted to him. AUDITOR OF STATE. For information in this department, I will I respectfully refer you to his very full and com? plete report, and call your attention to the im? portance of his recommendations. EDUCATION*. For the operations of the State Superinten? dent of Education during the year, I refer you to the report of that oflicer. MILITIA. The report of the Adjutant and Inspector General is referred to for the operations and proceedings of the military department of the Slate during the year. THE STATE CONSTABULARY. The report of the Chief Constable presents a full and satisfactory account of the proceedings and expenditures of the body under his con? trol during the past year. Captain Hubbard, in the discharge of his responsible and un? pleasant duties, has acquitted himself credita? bly and efficiently. Strong hopes were enter? tained that, after the expiration of the late heated and political contest, it would have been deemed advisable to dispense entirely with the services of this force, and orders had" been giv? en looking to that result on the first of Novem? ber, but the unfortunate and disgraceful occur? rences recently in the Counties of Laurcns, Union, Spartanburg, and Ncwberrv, in which outrages were perpetrated, and valuable lives sacrificed, have compelled the postponement of that desirable result. Recent indications, how? ever, encourage the hope that the postpone? ment will be but temporary,-and that the po? lice duties of the State will soon revert to the local authorities. Up to this time no arrests have been made of the authors and participa? tors in the recent murders and outrages, and, having thus long waited on.the local authori? ties in vain, active measures are now in pro? gress for the arrest of the criminals. TRIAL JUSTICES. Owing to the existing prejudices, and the difficulties of obtaining impartial decisions in lit'-a'cd cases, the Executive has, unfortunate? ly Been thrown almost exclusively upon the members of one political party for his choice of Trial Justices, and, in many cases, persons without the requisite qualifications have been recommended. It is very important that this evil be corrected, and we may reasonably hope that in the future a wider field may be opened to select from, among such of our citizens as arc distinguished for their intelligence, impar I tiality, and love of justice. On a prompt, i equitable and economical administration uf the I laws, depend much of the peace and harmony of the community, by the obliteration of causes of discord and the establishment of friendly I relations between individuals. But essential modifications are necessary in the existing ad I ministration of justice. Complaints are preva I lent that in many cases a spirit of litigation is promoted and stimulated with a view solely to I personal acquisition; and it is asserted that not only individuals appearing before these magis? trates are charged extravagant fees, but there is ! too much reason to believe that in many cases the costs have been not only charged to the parties, but, in addition, have been charged and collected from the State. A correction of these abuses is loudly demanded. There should I be, also, an essential modification of the amount j of cost? permitted to be charged, and the State thoroughly protected against the abuses of un? principled men holding these positions. The ; extravagance of the costs at'present, in cases before a Trial Justice, arc, in many instances, a denial of justice, a?, in most of the cases ta I ken before these minor courts, they are greater I in amount than the sum in litigation. The powers and the duty of the magistrate should be well defined, and the severest penalties im? posed for their violation. None should beheld I more rigidly amenable to the law than those who are chosen to administer it. I would here remark that I must necessarily depend very much upon the members of the Legislature for the character and fitness of Trial Justices, and I am disposed to consider education as an essen? tial clement amoug them. This would not only I be proper in itself, but would afford nn addition I nl stimulus to its acquisition. By making a knowledge of the elementary branches an in? dispensable requisite to appointment for office, a higher grade of service would be secured, as well as a more efficient performance of it. COUNTY COMMIHSIJNKKS. I would direct your attention to the laws de? fining the powers and duties of County Com? missioners, and their perversions and abuses. From the frequent complaints against some of the Boards, it would Ge imagined that they were devoted more to private acquisition than the faithful discharge of a public trust. In neighboring States the ollicc of County Com? missioner is looked upon more as an honorary station, bestowed as a mark of confiden e and trust in the judgment and business capacity of the individual, rather than as a position of pe? cuniary emolument, and, except in the neigh? borhood of large cities, the compensation is but trivial, seldom amounting to more than from fifty to a hundred dollars p*?r annum. Strin? gent laws are required for the prevention and punishment of abuses, which will restrict ex? penditure within legitimate bounds, forbid all participation, direct or indirect, in contract*, for which proposals should be invariably adver? tised, restricting the amount of County orders issued, constituting the County Auditor the permanent Clerk of the Hoard, by whom all or? ders should be signed and issued, TRUST DEPOSITS. Since the Bank of the State ceased opera? tions there has hern no suitable means of se? curely depositing funds held by the Courts. It j is of great importance that provision should be made by law for the security of such funds, I both for the preservation of a pure administra tion of that important branch of Judicial ju? risdiction, and for the protection of suitors. Places ofksccurity should be indicated, and pro? vision made for the deposit of adequate pledges from parties authorized by law to become cus? todians of such funds, and means should be provided for increasing such securities, from time to time, so as to afford sufficient protection to all amounts so deposited, and the control over such ueposits, while in the hands of such depositories, should be further secured by al? lowing to the Courts summary remedies against them, to the same extent as if they were the regular appointed receivers of the Courts. JURIES. The attention of the last General Assembly was called to the necessity of a change in the system of selecting juries. As at present con? ducted it is liable to be and is perverted to great abuses, on account of the character of the per? sons placed upon them. It is highly impor I tant that th* jury-box should be placed beyond the reach of political influence or prostituted to the purposes of men who- are themselves guilty of crime. It should be filled with our best and most reliable citizens. The appoint? ment of a Commissioner of Juries has been tried in some of our sister States, and has been found to work admirably. COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS. In view of the frequent expenditures for fur? nishing the public buildings, and the irrespon? sibility of the mode in which public money is disbursed therefor, I would recommend the d>js ignation of some officer who should have a su? pervision of the public building.- and grounds, and of all expenditures for their furniture and improvement. THE BLUE RIDGE RAILROAD. I regret to inform you that but little progress has been recently made upon the Blue Ridge Railroad. The liberal policy pursued by the Legislature was obstructed by parties, prompted by personal aggrandizement and political preju? dices, entering into combination to throw ob? stacles in the way of nogotiating the bonds, which prevented their sale at the time, and be? fore these difficulties were overcome, the war in Europe intervened and rendered their sale im? practicable. I have no recommendations to make on the subject, as all the laws necessaiy are in existence, and will, therefore, refer ycu to the annual report of the President of the Road for all the necessary information to an understanding of the details. It is extremely unfortunate that personal ambition or political rancor should be permited to delay or interfere with the progress and completion of a work of such vital and transcendent importance to the prosperity of the State and its chief commercial city. EMIGRATION AND LABOR. While I am willing and anxious, by all le? gitimate means, to encourage and promote em? igration to this State of all peoples, who are homogeneous in customs and usages with our own, that are willing to labor, as well as those who will bring into it skill and capital, I can? not forego the expression of my opinion that the passage and enforcement of stringent laws j for the protection of life and property, and the free and unrestricted expression of political opinions, is all that is necessary to accomplish that purpose in a State that presents so many attractions and advantages to the emigraut and capitalist as ours, LABOR AND CAPITAL. There has been much discussion upon the alleged scarcity of labor, and a variety of schemes has been suggested for its alleviation ; but thus far without practical result. The im portation of foreigners, cither Christian or Pa? gan, can work but an inconsiderable influence, as these arc as keenly alive to the facilities of improving their condition as the native whom they attempt to supplant, and will dispose of their services to those who will pay the highest prices for them. My own impression is, that the present labor of the country, "native and to the manor born," furnishes the most eco? nomical, the most skillful, and the most effi? cient system of labor lor the South, and cannot advantageously be substituted by any other A true appreciation of the mutual dependence of capital and labor, and a disposition to ar? range, amicably and equitably, terms of agree? ment between them, would go far to reconcile existing difficulties, and remove a fruitful cause of dissension and irritation among our own people. Inducements must also be held out by which the ranks of the productive class may be largely recruited from those who are non producers, and whose complaint is that they can "get nothing to do," and also by grants of land to tenants in fee, the payments, properly secured, running over a long series of years, to those who may settle in families. LANDLORD AND TENANT. Attention is called to the necessity of a cheap and speedy remedy by which the owners of property may repossess" themselves of it by a summary magisterial process. While honest poverty is deserving of our sympathy and enti? tled to all legitimate protection, yet there is too much reason to believe that there arc cases in which the law is perverted, which by their vexatious results compel landlords to enhance their rents, and militate against the interests of the public at large. APPRENTICES. The attention of the bust General Assembly was called to the necessity and importance of a law to regulate and define the relations and obligations of employer and apprentice. An intelligent and industrious workman has with? in himself the elements of independence and respectability. His art is his capital, of which he cannot be divested ; his labor is always and everywhere in ''"niand. As illustrating the effect of idleness as the source of crime, it is stated in the Report of the Prison Association lately issued, that of fourteen thousand five hundred and ninety-six prisoner* confined in the Penitentiaries of thirty States, in 1870, more, than ten thousand of that number, or over seventy per cent., had tfevcr learned a trade. This pregnant fact conveys a lesson of profound interest to those who have in charge the training of boys and girls for the active du? ties of life. Framing such a law as is suggest? ed, the amplest security should be provided that the apprentice be protected from cruelty and injustice, and that he should receive an adequate amount of education. PRESERVATION OF GAME, AND PROPAGATION OF FISH. Many of tfoe* States of the Union have enact? ed laws for the preservation of game, by the prohibition of killing of thcni during the breed? ing season. As the wanton and indiscriminate shooting of birds and game animals during the breeding season must result gradually in their extinction, and to the encouragement and mul? tiplication of myriads of destructive insects, to the great injury and destruction of vegetation and the crops, I would call your attention to the matter as worthy of your consideration. In this connection, I would also recommend the [>roteetion and encouragement of artificial fish ?reeding, by protecting the owners of fish-ponds from trespasses and depredations. A law was passed by the last General Assembly, authori? zing the appointment of eight Fish Commis? sioners, one for each Judicial Circuit, and de? fining the duties thereof. These appointments were not made, for the following reasons : It was found that competent men could not be procured for the salary authorized to be paid, and no greater results would have been attained by the selection of incompetent men than with* out any. It was thought best to leave the whole subject for additional legislation, in the hope that it would conform to the practice prevailing in those States which have had most experience and success in fish culture, by appointing one person experienced in the business, and known as Fish Commissioner. Mr. Seth Greene, who has been so prominently connected with the artificial propagation of migratory fish, has been, during the past summer, employed by the State of New York, in re-stocking the Hudson River with shad, and has been hatching from one hundred thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand daily. He states, in a published communication, that he can satisfy any person with common sense that all the rivers on the coast can be stocked with shad, ho as to make them equally plentiful with the olden time. national cemeteries, &c. A letter has been received from the Hon. M. W. Belknan, Secretary of War of the United States, in relation to the National Cemeteries at Beaufort, Florence and Charleston, request? ing that the Legislature of this State may pass an Act in conformity with a law of the United States, entitled "An Act to amend an Act enti? tled 'An Act to establish and protect National Cemeteries.'" Information has been received at this office, from Hon. W. B. Shubrick, of the Navy.De Sartmcnt, that an appropriation was made, uly 20, 1868, of $15,000 for Range Lights, on Sullivan's Island, Charleston Harbor, and that it is necessary that an Act should be passed ceding the jurisdiction of their sites to the United States, to which your attention is re pectfully invited. There are a number of provisions in the Constitution which require appropriate legisla? tive action to earry them into effect; such as the provisions for divorce, the appointment of officers and employees of the Lunatic Asylum, time and manner of inaugurating the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, and electing Justices of the Peace, &c, to which I would respectfully call your attention. MISCELLANEOUS. Gentlemen of the General Assembly, taxa? tion is the vital power of all Governments, and I invoke your serious, attention to the necessity of a strict economy in expenditure, so that no more taxes be levied than is consistent with an efficient administration of the Government.? Notwithstanding the constitutional provision for a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation, the taxes on real and personal prop? erty have become onerous, while railroads and other important interests are virtually exempt There is much room for retrenchment in the salary of County officers, and especially in that of School and County Commissioners, whose compensation is greatly disproportionate to the trifling amount of duty performed by them; Having thus submitted to you the condition of the State, and made those recommendations as to your legislation which seemed to me judi? cious, I might, perhaps, properly conclude this Message. But I cannot refrain from saying what I feel deeply. I am conscious that I have been re-elected by a large majority of the citi? zens of this State. A majority so large as to secure my administration against any opposi? tion of practical consequence, and I trust that my conduct in the future, as in the past, will show how thoroughly I recognize the confidence which has been vouchsafed to me. But I can? not refuse to recognize the fact that a largo body of those in whose hands the wealth, the influence and the education of the State has iu former times been entirely placed, and in whese hands, to a very considerable extent, they are still placed, have been opposed to the party of which I am the chosen represeuiative, and* are to-day apprehensive of the results of my ad miuistration. As far as I am individually con? cerned, while I wish it were otherwise, I will bear with patience the denunciation that I know proceeds from an entire misconception of my acts, my thoughts and my feelihg?< But, if I know myself, that which I desire above all things is the restoration of harmony to the dis? turbed opinion of this State, the recognition by all classes in the State of their mutual de? pendence and their common interests ; aud if I could close my term of office knowing that my efforts hnd been successful in making oil men feel once more that they have a common interest in the reputation and prosperity of the State, I should rest content with myself, and thankful to the Cod of Peace, who used me as his instrument. I know how difficult this will be ; but, in conclusion, I will say that I will pledge myself to every legitimate effort for the accomplishment of this dc-siiablc result, and will hail as the best friend of the State and my administration, every and any man, supporter or antagonist, who will aid me in any way to compass this perfect work of Peace. ROBERT K. SCOTT, Governor. Columbia, Nov. 28,1870, Newspaper Protection.?Doubtless nearly all railway passengers in cold weather have ex? perienced considerable discomfort, and some? times positive injury to health, from being ex? posed to the cold air which fofef-s its Way into the cars through the crevices in the windows. This is especially the case with those who sit near the windows. To obviate this, lay a news? paper over the arm and shoulder exposed to the draft. This will protect you from the cold as effectually as would a heavy blanket, and, thrown over the knee, similar warmth will be secured. Person's sometimes lie down on a sofa or lounge, in rooms, the temperature of which is not over sixty degrees. After lying awhile, they find themselves getting chilly. To avoid this, open out a large newspaper or two and spread it over the person, fry it one of these cold days, and be satisfied. A newspaper or two. laid between a pair of sheets, will keep a sleeper as warm or warmer than a pair of blankets. This may scorn strange, but a trial will prove its correctness?at least, such as? surance is given by those who have tested the matter. Musty Oats.?A South Carc4nra correspon? dent, after reporting the lass of a horse, sup? posed to have resulted from eating musty oats, says : "I am certain that more horses die in the South from eating damaged oats than from all other causes. As the oats are cut rathergreen, and often with manv green weeds among them, it is very difficult to" keep them from molding more or less in the center. Many animals die from this cause which arc supposed to have blind staggers, as in the ease of rrrmc. An? other horse recently died near me in the same way, after being led on oats mostly sound but some of the bundles musty in the middle." The Virginia Mother.?We shall never forget that woman, says the Hillsboro (N. C.) Recorder, rvs she stood" by the fence annum? her neat little cottage home and gave out rations of bread to the half starved soldiers returning home from Appomattox. "Sir," said she, pointing to a little hillock near her cottage door, "yonder lays my all; they are buried side by side?four boys?I gave them all." The tears streamed down, her cheeks, and we left her standing there?a Rachel, like the one written of in Scripture. The Corelusion of the Whole Matter of Po* litical Power. Our "New England brethren have heretofore -availed themselves profitably of their great love for humanitarian rights. Possessing a sterile^ bleak, inhospitable land, they have, by daunt? less energy and wonderful cunning, contrived so to wield political power as to make the South furnish them the raw material which gave the busy hum to industry, and at the same time to be her most profitable easterner. The West, by the same ingenuity, was made to furnish the breadstuifs to feed* her dense population with & similar result, as to profitable consumption for her shoes and lawns and brown goods and no? tions. And New England' blossomed as the rose, and became the type of American nation? ality. Hitherto fortune has favored her. The slaves that were captured and brought from Africa by the enterprise of Salem ana Marble head, and Newburyport, and Boston, and sold as slaves to enable Southern plantations to supply New England wants, brought gold for the Afri? can enterprise, and returned cotton, sugar and molasses for New England manipulation. The crime against nature and against Jefferson's declaration for colonial independence gave the political power essential in national economy according to New England's ideas of progress and development, "blave power," "slave own? ers," "the horrors of slavery," all coming in trumpet tones from the stump, the pulpit, the Sress and the bar, re-echoed from Plymouth lock to the Granite Hills of New Hampshire, and illustrated by heart-rending pictures of Topseys at the hearth-stones and Uncle Tomb iu the cabin, were all sufficient to arouse popuj lar sympathy and to minister to New England profit, despite the fact of the origin of slavery, of the continued and the careful and conscien? tious guards of Southern legislation and South? ern desire. This agitation brought out and maintained political power, and with it New England thrift and prosperity. The culmination of this agi? tation Is Known of the world. Its results havr been duly proclaimed. But with these results comes a new era. The slave is made free. But the same ?.ct that struck off the shackles of ne? gro slavery destroyed the bonds that fettered the white tributaries. Hereafter, in all ques? tions of national discussion, there will be neither taunt, nor lash, nor menace, nor threah to be whirled aloft over Southern action. The rich political mine of vituperation and scorn can no longer be brooked by the politi? cian for New England protection. The majority must'rule is the political max im which must govern natural policy. As are the views and the wants of that majority so Will the policy be. Even the slave who first owed his slavery to the euteiprise of New" England and Old England, and his enfranchise' ment to the same cupidity, will not be slow td act upon a doctrine sanctified by so high au? thority. And his wants and his desires have little in common with the close confinement and rigid economy of factory discipline. His wants are the wants of such as follow a long and hazardous field culture?the highest price for the products of his labors, and the lowest price for the supplies for the farm. But this is not all. The West has passed the age of puberty. It will no longer be possible for New England capital to control the de? mands of western interests by questions either of sentiment or of prospective advantage. The West Iras actual iuterests, strong euough to assert their rights, and power enough to demand their1 enforcement?properly enough under the New England dontnne "that the majority must rule" ?without regard to the rights and interests of a minoritv. It is this power that is foreshad? owed by the incomplete ceusus returns for 1870; ! Mr. Boutwell was candid enough to tell his New England constituency this much, dimly and diplomatically it is true, but nevertheless with a candor sufficient to command attention. And now comes the New York Herald with its bold, blunt and assured emphasis, with the con? clusion of the whole matter after a careful re? vision of the drift of population as prefigured by the returns of United Stiles census marshals. The Herald says: "In the decade before us all the Southern States, more or less, Will gain prodigiously in population and wealth, because of their cheat* lands and mineral resources arid fine soil an? genial climate. Meantime, excepting our grei>; cities, the general drift of population has beet to the Northwest and the new States and Terri? tories theuce to the Pacific; and under the next Presidency, if not before, that section of tin' Union will take from New England a?d Penn? sylvania the balance of power, and will hold it in both Houses of Congress, on the tariffand all the financial questions affecting the general interests Of the Union." We demui to but a single point in the Her? ald's summing up. There will be "no balance of power," The interests of the West, and the interests of t he South, and "niggers" and "poor white trash" and "rebels" and all are identical, and neither achool system, nor missionary en? terprise, nor church government, nor heights, nor depths, nor things passed, nor things to come, will change the result?each and both and all want cheaper goods and less taxes.? Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel. A New Issue?Democracy and Free Trade.?Among the most noticeable inscrip? tions on the banners of the National Dem? ocratic party in the contest for the ? Presidency in 1872, will be that of Free Trade, and cm braced under that head will be such a revenue reform as will work to the good of the whole people and not to the advancement, as hereto? fore, of New England, alone. The idea that the United Slates consist of but New England, is fast playing out, for that eepseition, which the South'ga'-e to them, though crushed out by the result of the war, is being espoused ano> pushed forward by the mighty West, which, un the stimulus of wealth, and increasing popula? tion, acknowledges no section as superior, und will tolerate no code of laws which operate as a barrier to her prosperity. We must and will espouse the cause of free trade, both on ac? count of interest in the existence of a low tar riff and because the common interests of the two sections should bind the South and West together in resisting the arrogance of New England in her efforts to run the whole ma? chinery of the government in her own interest. ? A correspondent of the Southern Cultiva? tor imputes rust to the excessive moisture in the soil, as ho has never known it to occur or* wheat on side hills or on that grown on clay lands which were undertfonrrcfl. It is observed that wheat, bordered by a forest on the south side of a field, andi thu3 measurably excluded' from the rays of the sun, shows a strip of rosterf wheat, while t fiat on the north side of the same field is"exempt from it. ? A lazy dyspeptic wkr bewailing his owir misfortunes, and speaking with a friend on the latter's hearty appearance. "What do you dc to make you so strong and healthy ?" inquired! the d vspeptic. "Live on fruit alone," answered* the friend. 'What kind of fruit ?" "The fruit of industry; and lam never trouble&with. indigestion."