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An Independent Family Journal?Devoted to Politics, Literature and General Intelligence TtOTT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON C. H., S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 19, 1870. volume 5?isrb. 47. BQHGBATION CONTENTION. REPORT OF OOMMITTBS8. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE .ON IM? MIGRATION. ' The Committee to whom was referred the subject of Immigration, with the accompanying ?papers, feel the responsibility which devolves Upon them. The'Committee have addressed themselves to the work of placing before this 'Convention a programme of action at once simple in details, practical in character, and ?effective in operation; and they hope that the ?eherne which they have adopted will be found to embrace these elements of success. As to the paramount importance of immigration to South Carolina and the South in general, the Committee deem it useless to waste the time in Words. We ace, we know, we feel this great need. - Material development is the great work t>f the day. It is the source of wealth, and Wealth brings in its train power, happiness, and ?11 the concomitants, moral, mental and physi? cal, of a solid civilization. As one ot the means to this great end of thorough develop? ment of all o?r varied resources, the introduc? tion into this State and the South of a hardy ?and thrifty population is a consummation of prime importance. What immigration has ac? complished for the North and Northwest, we Want done for the South and Southwest. The Committee are not unmindful of the ?great value to this State, and the South in gen? eral, of its present and resident laboring class. The labor of this class is of decided advantage. They desire to recognize its importance, and ?unite in the general sentiment that it should fco fostered, and in every way utilized for the .eeseral good. But it is insufficient. It should be supplemented. We desire to place South Carolina in the line of progress. We desire to place the prosperity of the Commonwealth upon a solid basis. ' But to do this we need ac? cessions to our population, to the end that we mry Btaotmd the -State with the Enduring mu? niments of wealth and numbers. God in his providence has blessed us with a genial climate and a teeming soil, and with abundant water . tfower, and with varied resources. Immigra? tion is one of the means whereby these advan? tages are to be utilized for the good of the citi? zen and the weal of the State. With these general propositions, thus briefly Bet forth, the Committee address themselves* to a specific scheme, and have the honor to report that the various papers and resolutions referred to them have been carefully considered, and that after -as full an-inquiry into the whole matter of im? migration as the limited time given them would permit, they. respectfully propose the following as practical measures, viz : " . 1. The establishment of direct steam com? munication-with Europe, The ports of Trieste, Havre', Liverpool and Antwerp, have been suggested, but your com? mittee are of opinion that the choice of a Eu? ropean port will depend upon commercial con? siderations presenting themselves whenever the enterprise is About to be begun, and that the Convention seed not how enter upon that ques? tion. 2. The establishment of rates of railway transportation for immigrants from Charleston to the extreme Northwest. This measure will, it is represented, show this to-be the cheapest route for immigrants ' destined to the Northwest?it is certainly the pleasantest route in winter; hence if suitable arrangements are made it is reasonable to sup? pose that a portion of the great tide of immi? gration flowing in upon the continent may be led into this channel, providing at once profi? table employment for steamers coming direct from Europe, and opening the way to such im? migrants as may desire to stop in this or other States. 3. The formation in this city, and at the principal points along this proposed route of unmigration travel, of societies on the plan of the German Society of South Carolina, now in ?existence here. These societies would be simply benevolent associations, designed to give to the newly ar? rived immigrant all necessary information and assistance) to help his difficulties by honest end kindly advice, and to protect him from im? position and wrong. 4. The formation in all the healthy counties of this and other Southern States, of "County Land and Immigration' Societies," having for their, object the settlement of immigrants upon free farms, embodying the joint stock principle of Dk EvB. Turnipseed. It is essential to offer immigrants as good terms as they are offered in the West; besides, the better the terms, the better the class of people we will get. A plan for a complete or . ganizatior of this kind for the State of South Carolina, has been laid before the Committee, and is appended hereto, it has been carefully considered, by the Committee, and is believed to embody the true principles of practical suc? cess. - 5 5. The establishment in Charleston Upon the broadest and most liberal basis, of a Board of Immigration, provided with sufficient means to enable them to disseminate abroad true and Useful information as to the soil, climate and resources of the South, and with authority to provide fo? the comfort, health and decent ac? commodation of immigrants on the voyage" hither and after their arrival. Such au organ-1 isation is ascertained by experience to' be es? sential at all ports of immigrant, debarkation, and your Committee are firmly persuaded that it will be more efficient, and less costly, if con? ducted as a private enterprise than if left to be managed by the Government of State or city. 6. The encouragement of publications and of the widest discussions upon immigrants and immigration, to the end that our people, of all classes and occupations, may be fully informed aa to the immense gain to the whole country and to all private interests of a large, increasing, industrious and respectable population. Much has to be learned, too, by our people, before we can attract immigrants to us or re? tain those who may come. 1. -What will attract the best class of immi? grants? - 2. What will best satisfy the needs and de? sires of those who come? 8. What, occupations will be the most remu? nerative for the immigrant? 4.- Whkrf. new industries should bo establish? ed or what, modifications should bo made in our present industrial establishments, in order to fully utibjo the advantages of a larger and a different p>pulation. These questions must be answered, and it would be a. great stride in the direction of hav? ing immigration, if every man in the State was to-day prepared to answer them from his own .information. In connection with this whole subject, your Committee beg respectfully to direct attention to a communication appended hereto, presented to the Committee by Mr. F. Von Santen, Chairman of tho delegation from the German Society of South Carolina, and to recommend that it be published. 7. The encouragement of emigration from Northern States to this State. They recom? mend that the Convention extend to settlers from the North a cordial welcome, and that efforts be requested on the part of the Central Bureau of Immigration, as provided for, to se? cure special rates of transportation for parties emigrating to the South. ? plan. ?1. That in each county there should be form? ed a "County Land Immigration Society.," to j be organized in comformity with the provisions of the Act of the Legislature, approved De? cember 10,1869, and entitled "An Act to reg-1 ulate the formation of Corporations." 2. That books of subscription should be opened at all the convenient points in the coun? ty, and that each subscriber be required to state the amount of his subscription in dollars, with the stipulation that the amount subscribed may be made up }n whole or in part by a convey? ance of lands; provided always, that the lands be taken at their valuation for State taxation at the time the conveyance is made. 3. That each county society adopt a consti? tution substantially the same as that appended hereto: 4. That the lands received in payment of subscriptions or otherwise acquired by each County Society, be laid off in farms of conven? ient size and location with reference to drain? age, fencing and communication by roads?and that alternate farms be set apart to be granted to immigrants in fee, contingent only upon the continuous occupation and use of the land granted for the space of ten years from the date of the grant. Should any farm so granted be abandoned within the ten years, it is to revert to the Society?if not abandoned the proprietor? ship to rest absolutely in the grantee or parties holding of him, at the expiration of that pe? riod. 5. That the lands retained by the Society be held to represent the shares issued to subscri? bers, that they be farm leased, or sold by the Society as may seem best for the common in? terest, that the Society reserve the right to con? vert the said lands by sale or exchange into money or other valuable property as buildings, railroads, turnpikes, bridges, ferries, or shares in such enterprises, provided always that divi? dends may be paid out of surplus income, and that at any time after the lands set apart for immigrants are all disposed of, the Society may be wound up and the money realized from the sale of its lands and other property divided among its shareholders in redemption of the shares. ? 6. That each County Society endeavor to ob? tain the good will and zealous co-operation of all the inhabitants of the County, both sub? scribers and non-subscribers, to the end that new settlers under the auspices of the. Society may be kindly received, and may obtain from all their neighbors good and honest advice and guidance. All interests in the State are so manifestly united in the success of judicious efforts to- increase its population that it will need only intelligent explanation to unite all persons and opinions in the endeavor to make that success secure. 7. That all the County Societies combine in the establishment of a common agency in the City of Charleston, upon the principle of a representative organ, each County Society ap? pointing an agent to sit at the Central Board as vts special representative, each representative to be entitled to as many votes as there are paid up shares in the Society he represents. The Central Board when thus constituted to be in? vested with all necessary power and authority! for establishing foreign agencies, making spe? cial arrangements for the ocean and inland transportation of immigrants, and their recep-. tion, shelter and protection on arrival. The Central Board shall further be charged with the duty of procuring and disseminating correct and useful information as to the special advantages offered to immigrants in each local? ity, and that of taking care that all immigrants be fully and honestly informed as to all their rights, privileges and immunities, and in case of neea advised and assisted in protecting them? selves from imposition. J. P. Thomas, Chm'n. COTTON MANUFACTURE. "The report of tho Commmittee on Cotton Manufacture being called for, was read by Col. J. B. Palmer, as follows: The Committee on the Manufacture of Cot? ton beg leave to report: That it has been* contended for years, by our most sagacious statesmen, tint it was not the policy of the South to export its cotton in the lint. Benjamin Franklin, writing from London, said: "Here in England it is well known ana understood, that whenever a manufacture is established, employing a number of hands, it raises the value of lands all about." Andrew i Jackson, in 1824, advocated, in a private let j ter, the taking "from our, agriculture 600,000 j men, women and children, to be employed in manufactures." Lord Goodrich) in the House j of Lords, speaking of France, said: "If it were freely to ?admit our manufactures it would speedily be reduced to an agricultural, and, I therefore, a poor nationt as all must be that de ! pend exclusively on agriculture." Washing ! ton entertained similar views. While these opinions have been stated by many, most of our people have either consider? ed it entirely impracticable for us to understand the general manufacture of our leading staple, or thinking it practicable, have considered the period when it would be accomplished so far in the future, as to demand no attention from them. Your committee will endeavor to establish the proposition, that it not only can, but will be i done at an early day. First among the advantages possessed by the South over the North for manufacturing cot? ton, and one that it will never cease to hold, is that it is the place of production of the raw.ma j terial. It would be no more unnatural to trans gort the crude ore of Pennsylvania to distant tates for manufacture, than it is for us to con? tinue to send abroad our lint cotton. The Southern manufacturer saves the freight and other charges on bagging, rope and other*wastc. This waste, amounting to fully one-eighth of each bale, can be manufactured into paper at I the South more cheaply than at the North, and is consequently more valuable, though it costs far less here than there. Reclamation on false Sacked or damaged cotton, is with us, easy and irect, and we save the burdensome Northern charges for Storage, insurance, brokerage, &c., and the loss from repeated sampling thefts. More or less cotton can always be purchased ! in the lint, thus saving, to that extent, the loss by bagging and rope. Freights on manufac? tured goods are less than on bulky and hazard? ous bales of raw cotton. Another advantage is to bo found.in our cli* mate. Fire for heating purposes is only re? quired for from one to three months of the year, according to localities. We have an abundance of unoccupied water power in every Southern. State. We have also inexhaustible coal beds, easy of access. Wages are comparatively low. The mildness of the climate, the abun? dance of lumber, and the cheapness of land, enables manufacturers to provide operatives with inexpensive but comfortable houses and large garden plats. The expense of living must always be less here than at the North. The winters being mild and open, we must ever be able to produce our provisions more cheaply than they can be produced in a country where a great part of the six working months are ap J>ropriated to raising supplies fur rann and beast or the remaining portions of the year? I Our operatives are admitted to be remarka4 bly frugal, industrious, easily taught and con? trolled, and we have an unemployed class of many thousands from which to draw in the fu? ture. The North and Europe will contribute largely in operatives whenever there is a de I mand for them, and thus manufacturing will advance immigration. : The English, in manufacturing, mix India and other inferior cottons with the American, while we use the best staple the world produces. The consequence is that where our goods have been introauced abroad they are preferred to the English. The foreign manufacturer has been known to brand his goods?drills, for instance ?as American. Your Committee hav? had before them care? fully compiled statements, showing the cost of manufacturing cotton North and South. They are fully satisfied that yarns can be manufac? tured here, transported to the North, pay a commission of five per cent, for selling, be sold at the cost of Northern production, and vet yield a net profit of five cents $ ib. And that cer? tain classes of colored goods can be produced here'and in the North, at the cost of produc? tion of similar goods there, and yet yield a profit of over ten cents $ lb. English manufacturers have admitted, after inspecting the books of some of our Southern factories," that we produced yarns more cheaply than they did. To test this admission the Sa luda Factory of this State, sent in April, 1869, through the house of W. C. Courtney & Co., of Charleston, some packages of their No. 20 yarn, to Manchester, England. These yarns sold at 16d., which, at the then rate of gold and ex? change, was equal to 431 cents currency here. The total cost of the yarns, including freight, insurance, commission on sales, &c, was S9? cents, leaving a net profit of 4? cents ft. In support of the positions assumed, your Committee direct attention to the great success of the Augusta, Graniteville and other factories in manufacturing plain goods,' of the Columbus. Aim a nee and other factories in making colored goods, and the Saluda, Boswell and other fac? tories in spinning and warping fine yarns with profit at.a time when manufacturing at the North and in Europe has been languishing and unprofitable. In further confirmation the fol? lowing extracts from a letter written by a promi? nent manufacturer at the North is submitted : "While I have only met expenses in the North in running twenty frames?about 3,000 spindles?the returns I have from sixteen frames of the same machinery in Georgia for the last six months have been $10,000 clear profit. Our company has determined to sell out their machinery." * * * "The South enjoys the ' advantage of not less than twenty per cent over the North in manufacturing." The writer of this letter has since moved South, and his cotton mill at the North is per? manently closed. A large number of Northern cotton mills are idle. Many of those in operation have re? cently reduced the wages of their hands, and some are running on snort time; machinery is being transferred to the South, and skilled la? bor and capital is beginning to follow. Eng? land is losing her monopoly. France and Germany are yearly importing less of her yarns I and manufactured goods. Her manufacturers j are becoming alarmed, and her operatives are turning their eyes in this direction. There can be no doubt that we will before long supply the North and to some extent the West and East Indies, China, South America and Mexico with manufactured goods and export yarns to the continent of Europe and ultimately to Eng? land. Few realize how rapidly manufacturing has increased in the United States. The first cotton factory on, the Arkwright principle was erected in Rhode Island in 1790. In 1812 there were 38 mills in Bhode Island and 20 in Massachusetts, turning in all 48,000 spindles?an average of about 900 to the mill. In 1850 there were in the United States 1 2,500,000 spindles; in 1868 over six millions, ] showing an Jttcrease of over three and a half millions in Is years?almost exclusively in the North?the South having in the bitter year on-1 ly about 200,000. The wages paid to the factory operatives in 1838, was over thirteen millions. In 1848, over twenty-seven millions?an increase of 100 per I cent, in ten years. The increase in the South must, hereafter, be I far more r?pidihan it has been North. Attention is already directed to our country as the proper field for the cotton manufacturer. I Indeed, we believe no astute business man will engage in it elsewhere, and within a few years most of those already employed at the North in this branch of industry, will, as some are doing now, dismantle their mills and either move South or engage in other branches of manufacturing. It cannot be long before machinery for work? ing long staple wi 11 be introduced; and Savannah, Charleston and Wilmington, with their facili ties for procuring cheap coal, will vie with each other in the manufacture of our sea island cot? ton ; and soon the busy hum of the spindle will be heard on every water-course from Virginia I to Texas. It is the belief of your Committee that the planters mav, with profit to themselves, aid, in producing this result, by combining together in joint stock associations, and erecting cotton mills of sufficient capacity to work up their cot? ton crops. These mills should be managed, not by the planters themselves, but by experienced and capable business men, who will give them their undivided attention, with experts in charge of the mechanical departments. Man? ufacturing comprises so many details, that its successful prosecution requires the most care? ful and systematic management. With all our advantages, inattention to details and careless management cannot but produce loss. From two and one-half to three millions of dollars would be added to the value of our cot? ton crop, if we were to manufacture it into yarns and woven goods. Of this, a large amount would be paid out for wages, and that to a class that is now. not only unemployed in adding to the wealth of the country, but for the most part, a burthen upon their parents or the public. The enormous increase in the amount of money received by the South, would be the di? rect advantage derived from manufacturing. I The merchant, the mechanic, the agriculturist, the banker, the real estate owner, and in fact every citizen of our country would be inciden? tally benefitted. Business generally would be stimulated, and property of all kinds enhanced in value. What has manufacturing not done for Eng? land? To come nearer home?what has it not done for New England? Take the town of Lowell, for instance. Situated in a cold, bleak, unproductive country, with every drawback and I no advantages except its water power, and the indomitable energy of its inhabitants, it has grown, within a few years, from a mere hamlet, with one manufacturing' company (the Merri mack, organized in 1822,) into an active, thriv? ing city, with 50 mills turning over 450,000 spindles, running over 12,000 looms, giving em-1 ployment to i4,000 operatives, supporting^seven national banks, with an aggregate capital of $2,350,000, and four savings banks, with an ag? gregate deposit of about $6,000,000, principally savings or operatives. Of the entire products of the United States exported to foreign countries, the South has at times contributed as high as 55 per cent. Double and treble the value of our products by manufacturing before exportation, and we cause a flow of wealth from the North and from abroad that must produce almost unparalleled prosperity. If we desire to fhlly participate in that pros* Eerity and hasten its consummation there must e no folding of the arms on our part. We cannot afford to stand idly by while foreign capital and energy, attracted as it will be?in? deed as it is?by the wonderful advantages we possess, gradually occupy the field to our ex? clusion. Then, indeed, would the sceptre have departed from Israel. But rather let us, while heartily welcoming the Northern business man and capitalist, join -in generous rivalry in the great work of developing our resources. A new era is upon us. The policies atten? ding the institutions of the past no longer con? trol our actions. The industrial pursuits to which we were wont to devote our energies no longer claim our undivided attention. . NO COUNTRY EXCLUSIVELY AGRICULTURAL EVER GREW PERMANENTLY RICH. We have shown the world that we could per? form the full measure of our duty to our coun? try during a long, bloody and disastrous war. Property and life were freely^urrendered. No sacrifice was too great to be cheerfully ? offered. Farthers and sons, mothers and daughters vied with each other early and late, hi season and out of season, in acts of self-abnegation. Let the same spirit actuate us now. Let each one of us rise to the mission before us. Let there be no idlers in our streets. Let honest, manly labor be clothed with its proper dignity. Let agriculture, manufacturing, mining and com? merce alike command our efforts. Let energy,, method and careful close management, attend us in our various pursuits. In building up our waste places, and in secu? ring that prosperity a benificent Providence has placed within our reach, we are firmly convinc? ed that the cotton manufacturer will perform a prominent part, and we express the nope that the Southern people will give this matter then serious attention and do what they can to fos? ter and advance this branch of industry. We append detailed statements in support of the propositions advanced. Respectfully submitted :? John B. Palmer, Chm'n. INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES. Your Committee, feeling assured that the 'very comprehensive character of tho duty as? signed them, viz.: that of reporting on the in? dustrial resources of the State, is, itself, an evidence that no exhaustive treatment of the subject' is expected by the Convention, nor even a specific account of what has been done towards the development of their resources, limit themselves to a few general considerations,: as to their nature, and the great policy for pro? moting their development. From South Carolina to Texas inclusive, the climate.of the Atlantic and Gulf States is of that intermediate kind which embraces the features both of the tropic and temperate zones, and while exposed to many of the ev?s of both, likewise enjoys in combination many of the advantages of each. It is precisely in such a climate that the utmost diversity of industries can most easily flourish', provided the markets of the world be open to it, anti there be a pop? ulation sufficiently dense to make division of labor possible. Indeed it may be safely said that no other climate but one offers equal op? portunities for "diversifying labor. The natural products of our country exhibit this diversified character; we have here side by side, the ani? mals and plants of the tropics, and those of the temperate zone, pines by the side of palms,, wheat growing in sight of rice fields, apples ri? pening in the same orchard with orauges, crows, bears and foxes inhabiting the same swamps with the ibis, the vulture, the parokeet and the crocodile, though our forefathers, unacquainted with tropical animals, gave them the names of cranes, buzzards and alligators, which make us forget their equatorial character, and prevent us from reflecting when we read of such things in books of foreign travel that they are, in truth, nothing but what we see about us every day. In our waters is found equal variety.? The herring, which is peculiarly a Northern fish is sold in our market by the side of the fishes of the Carribean Sea, and the muscle, the clam and the oyster, all useful as food, are found even where the Peninsular of Florida is built up of coral reefs, like the South Sea Islands. Even in the domain of the miner there is something to remind us of this com? mingling of temperate and tropical features in the aspccts.of nature by >vhich we are surround? ed. For d5es not the guano of the equatorial islands find its counterparff'in our phosphate beds ? And does not the coal, which is rather characteristic of temperate climates, show it? self not far from these highly prized depos? its? In short*, the climate of the Southern States, their geological structure, their great rivers, and the seas by which they are washed, offer every incentive which climate can offer to a develop? ment of the utmost diversity of physical and intellectual labor. But it is perhaps feared by some that a cli? mate like this may be incapable of supporting such diversified industry, in consequence of the very variety of its products?that what yields everything with facility will yield the best of nothing. Such a conclusion, however, is for biddenby a simple array of facts. The cotton and the rice we produce are the best in the world, nevertheless the wheat has likewise been recogUized as having no superior. And in the opinion of your Committee there can be no doubt that the difficulty of obtaining the best of any grain product in a climate of so catho? lic a character, is precisely s<>ch difficulty as is necessary to incite the human intellect to the exercise of patient and minute observation, coupled with reflective ingenuity. But that such a climate as we possess is real? ly capable of developing and supporting this diversity of occupation may be established in another way. There is no climate in Europe exactly comparable with ours. If we travel Eastward in search of a counterpart we shall pass over the whole of the old world until we reach China and Japan. Here alone, do we find all our chief characteristics repeated, though, of course, irr forms which, belonging to the old world, are so far different from those of the new. But our extremes of temperature, our cold winters and hot summers, our com? mingled tropical and temperate fauna and flora, are as familiar to the Chinese as to ourselves. The United States and the Flowery Kingdom are what the physical geographers might call homologous parts of the two continents. The same relative situation to the equator, the same coast configuration, the same great rivers, the same warm oceans' current like the Gulf Stream flowing Northward along the coast, the same system of hurricanes, which the seamen of those seas know as typhoons. I And what is the aspect which mdnstrial pur? suits present in that country, physically so like our own." We see there> the densest population on the globe, whose existence in their crowded Btate is only renderedpossibleby the diversity of their industries. There is not land enough in China for its hundreds of millions to culti* vate, and the consequence is that millions are engaged in manufactures of many kinds of rare txcellence, and when even so, ell cannot find the means of living, the rivers and the seas are made to yield tjjeir harvest, whole villages are built upon fhe water, and on the water whole populations are born, live and die, as their neighbors are born, live and die upon the land. Now such is the similarity of climate that it is not too much to say that there is hardly an important product of China which may not be equally well produced in the Southern States. We have already surpassed the Chinese in the culture of cotton, rice and sugarcane, and without 'doubt, whenever, with. the proper means, we set ourselves seriously to the task, we will surpass them in the culture of tea ana silk, both which it has been demonstrated we can prdduce. That the white race is both intellectually and physically the superior of the wonderful Mon? golians of whom we have been speaking, has never been doubted. If in their hands the cli? mate of China can do such things, in the hands of the white race, the similar climate in which we live can do much more. -The difference lies in this, that in China, increasing density of population has created industrial diversity by necessitating it, while we are striving after a ?diversity of pursuit but are foiled by scarcity of population. It may be laid down as a uni? versal economic principle, perhaps without an exception, that no scanty peopled country, whatever its advantages, ever exhibited a really diversified industry. Tne problem We are stri? ving to solve, if it is not insoluble, is atr least one of the most difficult in the whole circle of human endeavors, and if we do solve it suc? cessfully, we shall be greater than success in war, however glorious, could have made us, feeing without that density of population which could of itself create diversity of occupation, arid which our Northern neighbors have nad so long, we are striving to exhibit such a diversity of resources and capacity of development as will attract capital and the streams of immi? gration poured out year after year from Europe into climates more like than is ours to that of the home of the white race. Your committee do not mean to report that the thing is impos? sible, but to point out its true difficulties as the best preparation for surmounting them. If ever we succeed it will only be by the union and concentration of all the intellect and all the capital there is among us upon the one great problem. And it is this very union and concentration which is so hard to maintain, when the few thousands of our population are scattered over so wide an extent or country. Your Committee would then suggest that there iff no way in which our people can so well provide for the future development of the al? most inexhaustible resources of the climate, the soil and the Waters, bestowed upon them by Providence, as by providing for a consistent and permanent unanimity of purpose and con? cert of action, by frequent gatherings, like the present Convention, by forming and sustaining local Clubs and Societies, and by maintaining periodical publications devoted to the discus? sion of the industrial resources of the South. The attrition of mind against mind attained by such means, while it tends to produce unanim? ity of purpose, conduces also to a division of labor, and diversified industry is only the full development of division of labor. They must also learn to value those scientific methods of investigation which alone can be sure of event? ually reaching precise and trustworthy results. They must, too, be willing to risk something in the investment of capital upon experiments. Knowledge and money are two different forms of power which go on accumulating much fast? er when they work together than when each is left to toil alone. We must learn to organize" for a common purpose the administrative skill of the successful man of business, and the skill in research, which is the gift of the successful man of science. And for this purpose we riiust combine scientific education as far as possible with education in business-. . One of the Ways by which a people may be forced into a full development of its material resources is by foreign conquest, shutting out from it every other avenue of progress?and it may emerge from such subjugation the con? queror of its conquerors. Respectfully submitted, R F. CrAxtost, For the Committee. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. The following report of the Committee on Agricultural Education was read by the Chair? man, Hon. N. R. Middleton: Production, we all know, is the chief element of national prosperity; food and raiment are essential to human comfort, and, of course, the more* directly and certainly these are supplied, the more room and the more encouragement for higher attainments. As a general rule .men must be placed above the pressure of daily need before they can have either the leisure or the desire for mental cultivation. . We are not how to learn that mind rules the world. The history of this country, until the late revolution, has left us no doubt as to this position. It was to the leisure for mental cul? ture which the predominance of agriculture, under peculiar circumstances, afforded to her first men, that our State owes her acknowl? edged supremacy in the Federal Councils. It was the fertility of her soil, combined with per? manence of labor, that enabled her to live and prosper under a system of partial and oppres? sive legislation, to which the world knows no parallel. We have been bereft of our peculiar advan? tages, and are now thrown upon the resources which we share in common with all mankind Nothing is left but our soil, our climate and ourselves; but these are left, and .they consti? tute a fund of material which renders us fully competent to regain our lost position, and com? mand the attention and respect of- the world. Indeed, we are not sure that, in the long run, our misfortune may not prove an advantage to us; for while "Cotton was King," and our great staples were furnished to us with a facili? ty and certainty which defied competition, there may have been, perhaps, too little of mental effort in the department of agriculture, and a sense of security, which tended to foster our natural indolence, and the still more natu? ral pride of our hearts, we had insensibly be? come both dependent add exclusive. This was not a wholesome state of things, and the euer-, gies which are now demanded, and the co-Op eration and mutual consideration Which have become absolutely necessary to our success,may eventually place us upon a firmer foundation, and elevate us to a higher platform than we have yet enjoyed. While the returns of our labors have been so abundant as to call for little or no improve? ment in our system of agriculture, the stimulus of necessity has driven others to exertions, both of mind and body, which have reacted upon themselves, both in character and fortune, and it would be ? matter of stirpris?> and perhapd of mortification to some of 118,10 find the has bandmen of other lands surpassing us, not only in physical energy, but in scientific knowledge 6nd mental ?c^mplishmeht. The farmers of other legions are practical chemists and intelli gent naturalists, and they have thus learned to wring-from rocks and barren sands more abun? dant results than can.be obtained from the neg= ligent and superficial cultiyation of more favor? ed spots. It is important that the standard of agricul? ture should be elevated among us, and that it should be looked upon not only as an econom? ical element of the Coinm on wealth, but as an honorable contributor to bier dignity and pros* perity, so that athletic men" will "not be com? pelled to occupy, behind desks and counters, the .positions which legitimately belong to the gentler sei, but will be able to meet the demands of patriotism, as well as of manhood, by grap? pling with fortune in the hard labors of field and forest. We have lost our differential j element, and now need a substitute, and we doubt whether that substitute can be found anywhere else than in the application of mind to the science of Agriculture. Availing ourserves o( the advan? tages furnished by . chemistry and natural phi? losophy in all its branches, bringing to bear upon our labors the mechanical ingenuity which is so rapidly furnishing' a substitute for manual operations?above all, engaging the in? terest of the operative by according to him the respect due to honest labor arfd his legitimate share in the proceeds of his toil?and we see no reason why our State should not resume her rank, and even, surpass her ancient renown. It is not necessary- to refer again to our soil and r climate, there is -nothing in the world superior,' and for many productions nothing eqczl to tuem, and while our Maker, with one hand has deprived Us of an element of strength, which was - also to some extent a source of weakness, it is a circumstance worthy of special gratitude that, with the other he has laid bare, in our soil, an unexpected treasure far more valuable than mines of gold. We lack now but one thing to ensure unlim? ited success?the application of science and mental cultivation to our unequalled resources. Let Us not tie lay to supply this want* extd in or? der to make a beginning, we propose the fol? lowing' resolutions r . . Resolved, That it is importantto the welfare of our State that her agriculture should hence? forth be regarded as a science. Resolved, That measures be immediately ta? ken to organize agricultural institutes among us. Resohted, Jhat an effort be.made to procure and set in operation a model -farm, in some healthy portion of the State; B. Mtddletoit, : - Chairman. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON DI? RECT TRADE The Committee on Direct,Trade appointed by the Convention, have given the subject, as much consideration as the-limited time allowed them to report, but by no means as much as its importance demands. The city of . New.York has for years been the great emporium and centre of trade for all sections of .the Union, of which She is the metropolis. Thither tend all the streams of wealth to pour their largesses into her coffers, already full to .Overflowing. And it is ? well known fact that the South is more than all other sections a taxpayer to this exacting commercial autocrat \ ear by year as the earth brings forth her increase, and the planter is rewarded for his.toil by an abundant harvest of the fleecy textile by .which humani? ty is clothed, a largo proportion goes as.tribute to the Northern manufacturer, banker, ship? owner and importer. The question arises, why. should this be so ? Why should the' Southern people, with the spirit that animates them, thus supinely submit to a state of things so mani? festly against their best interest*, when, by ac? tion, united, determined action, they may cast off these shackles which have'.hitherto bound them, and become independent of the great metropolis. The Committee on Lnmigratioh^mlly .alive to the importance of the subject, will doubtless bring forcibly to view the many advantages to be derived from an 'enterprise, looking to the. introduction into the South of a class-of thrifty and industrious immigrants) and will point Out the facilities and perfect practicability of such an enterprise. Such a scheme as this will again build up the waste places of the South, and.fill, them with a numerous and happy population, and co-equal with this enterprise in impor? tance, is that of direct trade with Europe, whereby our produce may find a'foreign mar? ket by the most direct and expeditions route, and our imports, from theheu to supply the wants of bhr people be brought direct to our doors, without first paying a tax to the banker, the importer, and jobber of New. York. We would proposed therefore, that a compa? ny be formed, having a capital sufficient to construct and equip four freight and immi? grant steamers, and that the shares in such capital stock be placed at an amount which would bring it within the power of the greatest number to participate. Your Committee have assurances that not only individuals in this country and Europe, but wealthy corporations, are willing and ready to subscribe to this object They therefore recommend. the adoption of the following resolutions: Resolved, That this Convention recommend that a company be . formed for the establish? ment of a permanent line of freight and im? migrant steamers to a point ill Europe, in shares of $25 each.. Resolved, That a Committee lie appointed by the Chair to obtain subscriptions from the va? rious Railroad Companies and Corporations interested in commerce; and also take meas? ures for the establishment of a company on a permanent basis, to form a line to consist of four steamers. Resolved, That, the Chairman of each dele? gation be charged with the duty of obtaining subscriptions, in their section, with power to appoint. snb-Committees. who will report to the Chairman appointed by the-Convention the names and amounts subscribed. Respectfully submitted, Roit't. Mure, Chnfn, REPORT ON CHINESE IMMIGRATION. The special Committee to whom was referred a resolution* oh the subject of Chinese labor, ask leave to report: That the limited time allowed will not permit the preparation of an elaborate report, but they believe the subject well deserves the due con? sideration of the Convention^ Your Committee are of the opinion that the introduction of Chinese labor would be of great benefit to a large- portion of South Ckrotrnir, In the lower partof tiie^itateand on the islands, where rice and long cotton is cultivated, and where it is supposed white labor cannot be per? manently or profitably employed1, it, would seem to be a jrreat acquisition. The (^niuaanis reported to enjoy almost perfect health on the. low river lands in the