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TTOTT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON, S. P., TTflflESBiY, NOVEMBER ?, 1869. VOLUME fr-NO. 80, From the Southern Cultivator. Jar. Diekson on Immigration Again. Sparta, GA;, Oct. 7,1869. Editors Southern Cultivatot:?I conld bot finish what I had to say on immigra? tion in my first article?will close, bow ever, in this. I will not reply to any criticism on ray views hereafter, as I have no interest to serve that is not common to every planter, to-wit: the prosperity of the South. I have never held any of? fice, and do not wish to do so. I speak and write simply what I believe is the the t.rae interest of the cotton planter, Without regard to pleasing or displeasing. I will use round numbers?tbeea will be near enough for all purposes. It has been about ninety years since the close of the Revolutionary War. The population then was estimated at about three mil? lions ?to this original number a fow have been added since, by purchase of territory and annexation, but not enough to alter tho results materially. During about ninety years we have been engaged in wars (including the Indian wars) as much as one-sixth of the time, and what is the result? The population of the United States has increased thirteen fold, reach? ing now., probably, thirty-nine millions. Taking the ninety years together, there has been increase of population equal to the original number, once in about every seven years, including the limited immi? gration. Who can want a greater in? crease of population than that ? And us long as there is sufficient room to pro? duce all the necessaries of lite, tho in? crease will keep up to those figures. Is there any one that wishes to encourage a -system that would stint the food of their own children so as to stop the natural in? crease oi a well provided population ? Taking thirty-nine million as the number of persons in the United States at pre? sent, let us see what they will be in nine? ty years more, or in 1959, (and some who are children now will bo alive then,) 13 times c.9,000,000 makes five hundred and seven millions of persons. Messrs. Editors, we will try the figures in the case of Georgia, and what is true of Georgia is true ot the Cotton Slates. ^The population of Georgia is now about 1,200,000?thirteen times that amount is fifteen million six hundred thousand.? Now, is there anything that will prevont the ratio of increase for the next ninety years being equal to tho past ninety years, but a scarcity of food and clothing and room ? It is often said that the South is tho garden spot of the world. Heretofore we had permanent and limited labor, and the cotton plan i, together with an extensive forest before us. All is changed now?the best of tho forest is gone, and it requires a greater number of acres in the South to support its pooplo than in regions farther north. It is much more difficult to retain the soil and improve it. Here the land is not frozen and covered with snow six months in the year; the summers are much hotter and longer; heat hastens exhaustion when tinder the plow; and the boavj' rains damage the land tho year round; there? fore, we need more land, that wo may ro? tate the crops and give the soil rest. La? bor is chiefly valuable, not on account of the aggregate of what it produces, but the money value, after paying for labor and all expenses. The amount of labor that wiJI produce the greatest nett profit, is what 1 Waht. I contend we now have it in the cotton States. The laborer and bis family has to bo first fed and clothed, no matter what the price agreed on for labor, before capital gets anything. It is said we want more labor. Can we get more laborers without at the same time getting more consumers; or is it meant we want more persons without capital? If so, I am opposed to that plan. I had rather have less labor, and nave a majority of the people interested in property, morals, true religion, and everything that Is desirable. A large population has a tendency to develope a central government and a standing army. I will leave it to some divine to say what effect tho introduction of Chinamen would have on religion and morals, &c. Had it not been for the clause prohibi? ting slavery, which Virginia put in the articles ceding the North-West territory, and the immigration ot Europeans, we would not have had the late war and its results; and even if the war had come, there would have been no " lost cause." Immigration is the chief cause of the changed character ef the Government of the United States, and a continuance of the former will hasten the overthrow of I $he latter, with all its attendant conse-1 quencos. Cotton planters! the whole capital of Europe, including mortey and machinery, together with that of the North, is stri? ving to increaso the quantity fif cotton, and to reduce the prico. You ha7e no concert of action?a panic increases yoor Anxiety?this feeds the panic still more. Your only remedy is to make only what is wanted, at paying prices?keep out of debt?be the creditors?make tho most of your supplies at home; then, and only then, will you have power. Messrs. Editors, there is a great deal said about the capital the immigrants bring to this country. I do not think they bring any, except enough to ex ohange during the first year's residence,' for articles that would be exported during that year, if not consumed by the immi? grants, such as bacon, cheese, oorn, flour, lard, Ac. The gold returns to Europe in place of the above articles, to pay for their clothing, &c. A country being rich is a very different thing from a population being rich. Sup? pose Georgia had 500,000,000 of taxable property, and one million of inhabitants, und you add 200,000,000 taxable property and 1,000,000 population, the people would be poorer than at first. Population does not lessen lazes. Thirty years ago, with one-half of the present 'population, we did not pay more than one-tenth of the present tax. Under the Adams' extrava gant administration, a tax of abont two dollars and fifty cents per head, with a population of 5,000,000, was paid. Un? der Mr. Johnson's administration, with an average population of 35,000,000, nearly 500,000,000 was paid to the government, or sixteen dollars per head. Let each reader figure for himself, and make up his mind accordingly. Messrs. Editors, I would not reply to my friend's review of my letter on immi? gration, but through courtesy to him, as he has asked it. lam willing to go be? fore the cotton planter and take a vote, without rejoinder. I will reply without quoting him, referring tho reader to his letter. One of the benefits of scarcity of labor is, it gives high priced cotton, and thereby gives us a monopoly of all com? mercial manures; and only one-halt the land being required to produce the same amount of cotton, deeper plowing can be done?this will hold moisture, to keep the manure soluble and make the insoluble soluble. More care in cultivation follows; the best and most level lands will be se? lected?the worn and gullied lands will go into forest again, to equalize the sea? sons as to tho cold and hot, wet and dry. The very scarcity of labor will enable planters to acquire a cash capital, and with that, if they are true, they can dic? tate terms. I feel no apprehension that the negro will or can force the planter to sell his lands. Mr. Moore, I do not believe that the increase of price of grain in tho great North-west, is due to the hundreds of thousands of immigrants annually set tling there. If it was true, I would not want such immigrants; they could not make bread for their own consumption. It must be found in other causes, as de? preciation of the currency, conversion of grain into meat for cities, for export, and the gradual impoverishment of land. I take issue again, Mr. Moore, on the amount of labor that can be spared from a dense population, compared with a sparse one. European experience shows that only about one man out of each hun? dred of the population can be spared, without creating a scarcity ot the neces? saries of life. The United States taking both sections, furnhh from six to eight to tho hundred. If the South, previous to the war, had taken the native white man and negro to build her Railroads, in? stead of employing immigrants, cotton would have advanced to such an extent as would have twice paid for the whole work, thus getting the roads for nothing, and still have enough to pay for all iron, &c. Georgia for the last four years, has repaired and made more miles of new roads, built more factories, shops, houses, &c, (all with Georgians,') than any 1,200, 000 people ever did, since the creation of the world, and in this lies tho secret of our successi I will only touch upon one more item, viz : low rate of interest. Dense popula? tion has a tendency to centre property in a few bands?properly in the hands of a fow, has a tendency to lower theintorest, becauso the few do not consume the whole interest; if more generully diffused, all would be consumed. Low interest at home caasos capital to ?:eok Investments, where interest is high. For instance, Europe purchases bonds here that pay 5 to 7 per cent, interest, to be re-invested year after year, still making money cen? tre to the lowest point of interest, and rendering it more difficult for those to live who have no money. This country in less than ten years will pay a tribute in interest to Europe of more than one hundred millions of dollars, for goods consumed. I am no apologist for tho negro. I would be glad for him to feel the stimu? lating effects of immigration, if it could be done without injuring the white race. I shall now take final leave of this question, recommending it to the calm and thoughtful consideration of tho thou? sands of planters at the Sonth who havo as deep an interest in it as I have. My object has not been to provoke contro? versy, btit to caution my fellow country? men against a policy which, in my hum? ble judgment, is fraught with ruin to the South. Yours truly, David Dickson. "Put More Money Into It."?It is said that many years ago tho Proprietor of the American Agriculturist asked a friend of his, an old experienced Publisher, how he should promote the welfare of his jour? nal. After sundry remarks, to the effect that people would in the long run patro? nize that journal which really contains the most valuable reading matter, and that the only way to socuro this was to spare no labor or expense in obtaining the best men and tho best information that money would buy, hig friend closed by saying1 ne would sura up his advico as to the way to make the American Agricultu? rist the best and meat popular paper in the country?under three heads, vizJ: '1st Put money into it.?2d. Put more mon? ey into it.?3d. Put some more money into it.' That advice ?eoms to have been followed. No other monthly journal or Magazine is got up at greater expense of labor and money than the Agriculturist Every page shows this. Its beautiful, pleasing, and instructive Engravings cost about 81,000 in each number ! Its ample pages are filled with carefully prepared reading matter, abounding in information useful to all olasses, whether in City, Vil? lage, or Country. A largo force of the best practical men and women are con? stantly employed in gathering, and sift? ing, and condensing information. Yet while prepared at a eost exoeeding that of the $4 and 85 magazines, tbe American Agriculturist, owing to the large patron age it enjoys, is sapplied at $1.50 per an? num, or four copies for 85, and at still less to large Clubs. And those subscribing now get the paper from date of subscrip? tion to end of 1870 at the price of a year. We advise all our readers to avail them? selves of the opportunity, and subscribe now. Tbey will find it a good invest? ment. The Publishers are Orange Judd & Co., 245 Broadway, N. Y. City. -4> Important Decision by" the Supreme Court of the United States. Washington, November 1. A case of peculiar interest to the peo? ple of the late Confederate States was de? cided in the Supreme Court to-day. The facts in this case may be briefly sta? ted as follows : In the month of November, 1864, Smith [ & Hartley, of Montgomery, Ala., purchas? ed of one Thorington, of the same city, a I tract of land, for which they agreed to pay $45,000. Tbey did pay him $35,000, and their note for the balance $10,000. To recover these 810,000, Thorington brought suit in the United States Circuit Court for Alabama. The defence insisted that at the time of transaction the authori? ty of the United States was excluded from that portion of the Stato of Alabama, where all the parties resided, and the only currency in use consisted of Confederate Treasury notes. It was also insisted that the land purchasod was worth no more than $3,000 in lawful money; that the contract price was 845,000 and this was to be paid in Confederate noted; that 835,000 were actually paid in these notes, and that the note given for the remain? ing $10,000 was to be discharged in the 6ame manner; and it was claimed on this state of facts that the vendor is entitled to no relief in a court of the United States. This claim was sustained in the lower court, and the bill was dismissed. Thorington then carried his case to the Supreme Court. The questions before the Supreme Court upon the bill were these : (1.) Can a contract for the paymont of Confederate notes, made during the late rebellion between parties residing within the Confederate States, be enforced at all in the courts of tho United States ? (2.) Can evidenco bo received to prove that a promise exprosscd to be for the payment of dollars was in fact made for the paj'tnent of any other than lawful dollars of the United States? (3.) Does the evidence in the record establish the fact that the note for 810,000 was to be paid, by agreement of the par tics, in Confederate notos? It cannot bo questioned that tho Con? federate notes were issued in the further? ance of an unlawful attempt to ovorthrow the Government of the United States. Nor is it a doubtful principle of law that no contracts made in aid of such an at? tempt can be enforced through the courts of the country whose Government is thus assailed. But was the contract of the parties to this a suit a contract in aid of the rebellion ? [Tho Chief Justico hero sketched in a few graphic sentences tho origin and character of the Confederate Government, and the difference between a de facto Government and a Government de jure, illustrating it by interesting examples from English history.] It is very certain that tho Confederate Government was not acknowledged by the United States as a de facto Govern? ment. Nor was it so aknowledgcd by other Powers. No treaties were made by it. No obligations of a national charac? ter wore created by it binding after its dissolution by tho States which it repre? sented, or on the National Government. The central government established for the Confederate States was a government of force sustained by military power, and the rights and obligations of a belligerent power wcro conceded to its military character very soon after tho war began, by the United States, from motives of humanity and expediency. The whole territory held by it was thereupon held to bo enemy's territory. Within its limits the authority of the Confederate Govern? ment was supreme. That supremacy would not justify acts of hostility to the United States, but it made obedience to its authority not only a necessity but a duty. Without such obedience civil order was impossible. It was by this Govern? ment exercising its power through an immense territory that tho Confederate notos were issued early in tho war, and those notes in a short time became almost exclusively tho currency of the seceded States. As contracts, excopi in the con? tingency of successful revolution, these notes were nuliities; for, except in that event, there could be no payment. They bore, indeed, this character upon their face; for they were mado payable only "after the ratification of a treaty of peace between tho Confederate States and the United States of America." While the war lasted, however, they had a certain contingent valno, and were used in nearly aH the business transactions of man}' mil? lions of people. It seems to follow as a necessary consequence from the actual supremacy of the Confederate Govern? ment that this currency must be regarded in courts of law in tho same light as if it bad been issued by a foreign Government temporarily occupying part of the terri? tory of the United Slates. We cannot doubt that such contract? should be enforced in the courts of the United States. The first question, threre fore must receive an affirmative answer. The second question is to be considered. J It is quite clear that a contract to pay do!- I lars made between citizens of any State of the Union wbioh maintains its consti? tutional relations with the National Gov? ernment is a contract to pay lawful money of the United States, and oannot bo modified or explained by parole evidence. It is equally clear that if, in any other country, coins or notes denominated dol? lars should be authorized of a different value from the coins or notes which have been current under that name, evidence would be admitted to prove their equiva? lent value in lawful money of the United States. The same rule must apply in the case of the Confederate Government.' Our answer to the second question must also be in the affirmative. With regard to the third question it is enough to say that it has left no doubt on our minds that the note for $10,000, to en? force the payment of which suit was brought in the Circuit Court, was to be paid by agreement in Confederate notes. It follows that the judgment of the Circuit Court must bo reversed, and the cause remanded for new trial in conformity with this opinion. From the Savannah Republican. Disgraceful Condition of Affairs in Flor? ida. Down in Florida they have a Govornor for whom even decent Radicals appoar to have a most superlative contempt. Some of the carpet-baggers who helped to foist this miserablo imposterand landshark up? on the people are the loudest in their exe? crations of the "man and brother" who spends his time chiefly in New York con? cocting schemes of pluuder, and comes back to Florida to pocket the stealings. We publish to-day an exposure of this roan. It will shock the senses of all re? spectable Radicals, while it inflicts a stig? ma upon Radical administration from which wo have no wender some of the bettor sort of carpet-baggers desire to cut loose. Governor, though his titlo be, it is a little consoling to feol that it is so on? ly by the grace of Radical reconstruction, and not by the sanction of honest and fair voting, even among the Radicals them? selves. The honest people of Florida have no share or lot in the scoundrel, and are mi nowise responsible for his crime. Some of the Florida carpet-baggers seem to have a sense of honor and decency, and would be rid of tho pestiferous incubus upon their own parly if they could suc? ceed against the terrible power of patron? age which they, themsolves, have put in? to tho hands of their own Executive? Wo deeply sympathize with our Florida neighbors and trust that they will find some way of driving tho follow from their State, or, what is better, getting him in the State's prison, where ho pr< per!}7 be? longs. This charge upon "His Excellency1' of Florida, is not of Democratic origin. We cannot be abused for "rebel calumny" against him. We have often denounced the immorality and corruption of the carpet-bag governments generally, from onr Conservative standpoint; but now tho Radicals havo givon as ammunition out of their own cartridge-boxes, and come to the rescue of their own reputation when they can no longer tolerate the infamy ef their own chosen loaders. The following affidavit is substantiated by others, that we havo neither room for nor patience to publish. Twelve thousand five hundred dollars in cash, for ivhich re? ceipts can be produced, is a vory cheap price for the conscience of a Chief Magistrate of an American State: in the case of the county commission? ers of jefferson county, vs. george w. swepson', harrison reed, governor, and others. in chancery : State of Florida, \ Duval County, j On this 8th day of October A. D. 18G9, before me, Charle9 L. Mathor, Clerk Of the Circuit Court in and for said county, appeared Sherman Conant, a citizen of the State of Florida, who, being duly sworn, says: That on or about the 15th day of June, A. D. 1809, during the ses? sion of the Legislature, at its special term in Juno, deponent read a letter written by Gcorgo W. Swepson, and addressed to Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida; that doponent knows tho handwriting of said Swepson, and his signature was of the said Swepson; that said letter stated that it would bo delivered to said Reed, Gov? ernor, by Milton S. Littlefield, or by Mr. Littlofield, and further stated that Swep? son had paid the said Reed, Governor, five thousand dollars in New York city, some? time before, for which be the said Swep? son, had taken a mortgage on the said Ree?'ti property in Tallahassee; that said Littlofield would return to him the mort? gage and would pay said Roed seven thou? sand dollars on his approval of the Bill or Act which the said Littlefield would havo introduced into and passed by the Legis? lature; that according to this deponent's best remembrance and belief, the contents of said letter were a9 follows: "You re. member, Governor, on agreement in New York, I was to give you fourteen thousand dollars for calling the Legislature togeth? er and using your influenco to secure the passage of tho bill. Fivo thousand I paid you in Now York, for which 1 hold mort fage on your property in Tallahassee.? wo thousand Mr, Littlofield will hand you when he reaches Tallahassee, When you have signed tho bill, he will give you seven thousand dollars and return to you your mortgage/' That there is a mortgage ort record in Leon county of the proporty in Tallahassee, mortgaged by tho said Reed to said Swep? son and that shortly before the recent departure of said Reed to the North, aooording to tho best knowledge and belief of doponent, the said Reed inquired of the CTetk of the Cirouit Court of said county if the said Swepson bad not sent a release of said mortgage for record, stating that it had been paid, and that bo, the said Swepson, had promised to send the Clerk a release of the same for record; that a true and correct copy of said letter from said Swepson to said Reed was at the time hereinbefore mentioned made, and the same was sworn to before a duly appoin ted and lawfully authorized Notary, and that the same is now in existence. Sherman Conant. Sworn to ?nd subscribed to before mo this 8th day of October, A. D. 1869. Chas. L. Mather, Clerk. Filed October 8th, 1869. Chas. L. Mather, Clerk. State of Florida, "1 County of Duval. } 8 8* I, Charles L. Mather, Clerk of tho Cir? cuit Court in and fbr said county, do here? by certify that the foregoing is a true copy Of" the original now on file in ray office. In witness whereof I have herennto set [l. s.] my hand and seal of said Court this 28th day of Oct, A. D. 1869, Chas. L. Mather, Clerk. By F. B. Knapp; D. C. The foregoing exemplification from the records of the District Court of Duval county can be seen at our office by such as may bo disposed to question its authen? ticity; The Woman of the Future. Women are not so universally beauti? ful so Wise and so good as they might be, and it is to the interest of humanity that they should be beautiful, wise and good. Consider, in tho first place, the question of beauty. The more hopeful look forward to the time when something of the old Greek feeling for physical perfec? tion shall have revived, and a simple and more healthful life shall have fitted wo? men to become mothers of a noble race. In this respect We are wisor than of old, but, though hygieno and common sense have done ranch for ourselves, they have dono much more for our children. We of the present generation are the offspring of tight-lacing mothers; but small waists, tight shoes and other abominations are no longer universal. Dress is much bet? ter adapted to out of door life than for? merly. Etiquette has been relaxed, and our young women enjoy a freedom from physical restraint undreamed of by their grandmothers. Health has ceased to be the monopoly of the other sex. Still the majority of women !e?.d far from whole some lives; and as beauty is more or less a matter of health, too much can never be said against such abuses of it as are yet in fashion. Tho worst of theso abuses is that they lead to a perversion of taste. Quite naturally the fragile type Of beauty has become the standard of the present day, and men admire in real lifo the lily cheek, sraall-waistcd, diaphanous-looking creature idealized by living artists.? When we become accustomed to a nobler kind of beauty we shall attain to a loftier ideal. Men will seek nobility rather than prettiness, strength rather than weakness, physical perfection rather than physical degeneracy, in the women they select as mothers of their childron. Artists will rejoico and sculptors will cease to despair when this happy consummation is reach? ed. Let none regard it as chimerical or Utopian. A very little rationalism brought to bear upon daily lifo would place physical woll being within reach of women of all ranks; and where health leads tho way, beauty is seldom slow to follow. Few will deny that wisdom, whose es? sence is common sense, has a large share in determining the happiness of social and domestic life. Is it not reasonable to suppose that tho various reforms "in fe? male education will have proportionate effect upon the female character, and that the woman of the future will differ from the woman of the p'resorit, intellectually, as well as physically 1 Steady culture, in? creased habits of self-reliance, wider views of life, and a keener appreciation of the truth for truth's sake, can but en? large and elevate the whole sex. The obvious inferonce is that just as a more healthful mode of existence will invigor? ate and beautify the bodies of women, so a rational mode of cxistonce will strength? en and improvo their minds. Frivolity, pettiness, inactivity, and other faults of which meh most complain, will make room for opposite qrialities; arid who shall aver this to be against the interests of human? ity ? Perhaps nothing causes more domes tic unhappine8s than downright silliness. A foolish wife will often bring about as much mischiof in her husband's home as a persistently evil-tempered one could do, and with the best intentions in the world, is suro to hinder and hamper him upon every occasion. Now silliness is the first] stronghold of evil that a good system of education will storm. Jnstsofongasgirls are trained to frivolity and irresponsible habits from childhood upwards will they I become frivolous and irresponsible wives and mothers. In granting, then, that the women of the future must of necossity inherit a largo share of physical and in fo'Hoc'taal excellence, we are led to extend the sarrid' happy prophecy of tho moral faculties. Womon often oommit grave as well as 6mall errors, not because they are perverse by nature, but because their reason is at fault, and they fail to recog? nize tho proportionate relation of things. Again, habits of subservience induce a cowardly attitude of mind. Very few womon have the courage to be individual. Very few women estimate their own lives of any value in tho fulloet sense of the word. They know well onough that they have somo uso as wives, mothers, daugh? ters ; but that they can have any share in in the well-being of the world does not occur to them. Solf-development conveys to their minds somsthing quite apart from tho duty of wife, mother or daughter, wbilo the truth is that self deveiopraent embraces every other duty. Ill, therefore, does it become those who satirize women, to hinder any effort made in their behalf, whether educational or so? cial ; always remembering this, however, that such efforts are likely to do very lit? tle good which tend to make of womon weak imitations of men.?Pall JHall Ga? zette. Meeting of the Newberry Bar. 1?he 27th October last being the dey npon which his Honor, Judge Orr, pro? posed to adjourn the extra term ot Court which he had been holding for several weeks past, a meeting ot the Bar was held in the Court Room, Col. S. F*ir called to the Chair, and B. M. Jones re? quested to act as Secretary. 0. H. Suber, Esq., stated the object ot the meeting and offered some resolutions for consideration. L. J. Jones, Esq., moved that the resolutions be adopted as read, with an amendment to the second resolution by the insertion of the word impartial; the motion was seconded and tho resolutions as read and amended were unanimously adopted: 1st. Resolved, That the Bar of Newber? ry tender to His Honor, Judge Orr, their sincere thanks for, holding, at their re? quest, the special Term of the Court of Common Pleas for this County, which is now drawing to a close. 2d. Resolved, That the manner in which he has discharged the laborious duties which thus devolved upon him, in dis? posing of the business of the vast accu? mulation of business on our dockets, and In the trial of cases of great magnitude artd importance, entitles him to our high? est praise as an able, impartial and en? lightened jurist, and has won for him the admiration and esteem of our people. 3d. Resolved, That tbe patience and courtesy which have characterized his conduct on the bench has made his admin? istration ot justice, and his intercourse with the Bar and community of the most agreeable and pleasant character. 4th. Resolved, That our brother, Col. S. Fair, be requested to present the above resolutions to his Honor in open .Court-, and that they be published in the news? papers. J. M. Baxter, Esq., then moved that the chair be requested, after readingjthe reso? lutions in open court, to ask that a copy be spread upon the minutes of the Court. Motion seconded and adopted. The business of the meeting being fin? ished it was adjourned. SIMEON FAIR, Chairman. B. M. Jones, Secretary, -_j Fencing Stock Out or In. Editors Southern Cultivator: The Liv? ingston Agricultural Club has Tendered the. public a valuable' service by its clear' and able report on the question of "Abiu doning the use offences, and the enactment of a stock law," which appeared in tbe September number of your journal. I re? gard Piie fences, that may be saved by proper legislation, without detriment.to any interest, as eqnal to one half of a fair rent of some farms, taking them as a whole. In other words, relieve Southern farmers of the present expense of fending oat in? truding stock that have no iiioral right to consume or damage in any Way, the crops grown by any person on his own land, and you will doublfe the value of all productive soil. It is obvious, that the higher the tax imposed to keep stock out of a wheat, corn, or cotton field to make a crop, the less inducement there is to culti? vate the same; consequently, there is less demand for labor thau there would be if. this tax were removed. The poor whov now keep a few hogs and cattle at large,, lose farmdre by the depreciation of their wages, whether they work by the month, or crop on shaves, than they .gain by this' uutiraely free stock range. Stock raised! in this w?y in settled counties, costs' the community at large ten times more than it is worth td the owners. This rcro?fk is based on my own experience^ this Summer. I have kept a number of young hogs for a neighbor all Summer in a good clover field' well fenced, for nothing, because it is far cheaper for me to fence them in one small field, than out of several large corn field?. Indeed, to fence many fields against small' shad-bellied swine, jumping Kheep, and unruly cattle, taxes common land more than the use of it is worth. Hence, many million acres lie out as a common waste that would be cultivated, to the incalcula? ble advantages of all classes and interests, if this fence burthen were taken off. Then a poor farmer, who if able barely to pay/ for fifty acres and a mule, could plow, plant, sow and-gather in his crops, with? out the expense of working one pannel of fence beyond what encloses any little stock; be may choose to keep. Give this encour? agement to buy land in the South, .and defend honest agricultural industry from all invasion, by man or his beast, and you* will soon change squatters and bad renters into independent land holders and. conser? vative freemen. It 19 a mistake to suppose a poor labor? ing man in the South can never lay ujs money enough to buy a few acres?far more than tho great Ciudnnatushad when he was called from his plow to save his eountry from the greatest peril. Fence taxes and all others, on land, are now so heavy in the aggregate, that poor men can. hardly afford to own any. In New York State this onerous fence tax does not exist; laboring men receive a dollar a day as farm wages. Here I hire good men atfif- - *y cents a day. There a farmer makes fijf-' ty tons of hay with less labor than I oan<" fence a meadow for such a crop. So long as the poor, unwittingly, compel farmers to throw away so much labor in mauling fence rails, their wages must be low* L\ LEE:, -+ ? As storm following storm,, ?wl wave* succeeding wave, give additional' hardness, to tho shell that encloses the pearl, so do> tho storms and waves of life add force to* character. ? Be neither lavish nor niggardly;:of" tho two avoid the latter. A mean man ia universal^' despised, but public fame is a " stepping stone to preferment; therefore generous feelings should be cultivated.