University of South Carolina Libraries
HOTT & CO, Proprietors. ANDERSON, S. C, THURSDAY, JULY 1, 1869. VOLUME 5.-NO. 1. The Present and Future of Southern Cot? ton Production. It is now generally admitted, (saya tho Hew Orleans Commercial Bulletin) by the most experienced observers, that the ag? gregate breadth of land devoted in tho South to the cultivation of cotton the present year, is something short of what it was last year. This does not result from a less inclination on the part of plan? ters to produce cotton, or to less capital at their command to assist in producing it. On the contrary, thanks to the remu? nerative results of their last year's opera? tions, they were in an improved financial condition and an eager mood of mind, such as would unquestionably have led them to undertake to plant more largely of cotton, but for the interposition of a single diffi? culty, that of procuring an adequate sup supply of labor. It is interesting to ex? plain, and important to understand, the precise nature of this difficulty; and tho stubborn fact in which it has its root can? not be too often or two vividly impressed on tho commercial mind. If cotton planters in general did well in 186S, the colored employees in general prospered in an equal measure; and, rela - lively to their needs and expenses, per? haps in a still larger measure. In propor? tion as their pecuniary condition was bet? tered they were indisposed to hire them? selves as field laborers, and ambitious to set up farms of their own, on which little or no cotton would be grown, or to en - gage in some business requiring the least amount of hard work. Some went so far as to dream of an indefinite vacation from labor of any sort, a period in which they would abandon themselves to a delicious insouciance in a life of independent leisure. Here is the seeretof the stringency of the labor market which was experienced by planters in preparing for the operations of the present year; and here is the prin? cipal reason wl>3r it would bo rash Lo ex? pect the growing cotton crop to exceed, or to reckon with absolute confidence on its equaling the preceding crop. And, in the nature of things, this shrinkage of agri? cultural labor, at about tho same rate must go on from year to year as long as the bulk of its supply is confined to the freed man population. It is tr-ao that Chinese laborers may gradually fill up the place in Southern agriculture vacated by the frccdmcn; it is equally true that white labor, either native or immigrant, may Succeed at length, by close and scientific tillage, in making from much smaller sur? face, a great deal more cotton than is now produced. But these arc remote contin? gencies which can not be counted as lac tors in determining the actual conditions of Southern cotton production and, the immediate prospect of the cotton market J as it may be affected by those conditions. For proecnt purposes of commercial cal-) dilations, it is safe to assumo that the I crop of last year touched tho highest tidal mark of production in tho pending indus? trial situation, and that the crop of the present year cannot possibly, exceed it, and will, probably fall below it. And, on the other hand, it would be quilo absurd to construe the state of things above indicated as signifying an nbsoluto limitation to the growth of Amorican cotton in the impending future. Tho passim ist view of any matter is usu? ally tho unsoundest and most pernicious of all. Tho opinion that the magnificent cotton belt of the South is gradually to 6ink into insignificance with reference to the production of this great staple, is no exception to the remark. The waste of war, in spite of many needless obstruc? tions, clear heads, stout and hopeful hearts; and skillful and diiligcnt handsare gradually and surely repairing; railroads will soon be traversing the South in every direction, leaving no productive region, however interior or remotCj without speedy access to market ; and eventually the needful labor, attracted by assurance of profit and facilitated by abundant and rapid means of transportation, will be had. Col. Stobo Farrow.?We learn by pri? vate letter that the above named gentle? man has removed from this State, and lo- \ catcd in Atlanta, Ga., and entered upon the practice of tho law?a great loss to Spartanburg, but a valuable accession to the bar of Atlanta. Col. F., after his graduation at tho South Carolina College, commenced life as tho editor of the Spar? tanburg Express. This position he tilled with marked ability until tho year 1S67, when lie was elected Commissioner in | Equity for his District, by a large majori? ty over his competitor, Judge Vernon. At tho beginning of tho war, ho entered tho Confederate army as a captain, and rising in quick succession to tho rank of colonel, he made a record as an army officer of which he and his native District may well feel proud. At the close of the war Colonel F. resigned tho office of Com? missioner, and became apractioncr at the >Spartanburg Bar. There he mot with that dogree of success which only enlarg? ed experience, sound judgment and raro ability, could command. Wo heartily wish tho Colonel even a larger measure of success at his new homo, but we would much prefer that he had remained in old Carolina, where he had already a place and a name that others of more mature years might envy.?Abbeville Banner. ? In reply to an address of welcome from Governor Claflin, of Massachusetts, General Grant said : "It affords me great pleasure to visit tho capital of a State which has dono so much for my support and for the support of tho Union in the time of tho great rebellion." Grant's motto soems to be that of the renowned {Simon Slings?''First, myself; second, my friends ? and third and lastly, my kintry." Cincinnati Southern Railway. Ko large city was ever known to exist without Laving some special advantages, cither as a commercial mart, or as a man? ufacturing centre. To be a successful competitor in either, the aspirant for fame or profit must possess natural as well as artificial avenues through which commerce may flow, and advantages ei? ther in the purchase of goods or the con? trol of the markets. Or in other words, the dealer and consumer must bo brought into a sort of close communion. Of what value would be the manufactures of Bir? mingham and Sheffield were it not for the facilities of sending them to the great markets and consumers of the world ; or of the millions of surplus products of our own great West, if we had nottho means of sending it to tho open mouths and empty stomachs of tho Eastern States and Europe. Taking this view of the question, and it is the true one, it must bo self-evident to every mind, that the more avenues, either natural or artificial, that we pos? sess, /or commerce and intercourse with dealers and consumers of our products, the more extended will be our market, ant the greater will be the demand for our wares. Row what is the real truth as to the nec ssity for the construction of the Cin? cinnati Southern Railway ? Why it is this?there is a district of country em? bracing nearly the entire Southern States to which wo have either no access what? ever, or a very imperfect and round-about way of reaching it, and the produce and manufactures of Cincinnati arc forced to pay transportation tribute to long lines of railway and other means of transit bo furo it reaches its destination. To il? lustrate what we mean, tho pcoplo of Anderson, S. C, eat Cincinnati flour and Cincinnati bacon, which are now shipped by rail to Baltimore 589 miles, then down the Chesapeake and the Atlantic coast to Charleston, about G?ll miles, and after? wards by rail 257 miles. The result is, as stated by Air. Lalitte, the gentlemanly merchant delegate of Charleston, S. C, to the moetings held at our Board ot Trade rooms, that flour selling in Cincin? nati at 84.75 to $5.25 per barrel, com? mands Si 1.00 to $12.50 per barrel in An? derson, which is a tariff of $0.25 to $7.25 per barrel for transportation and com? missions. The cost of carrying a barrel of flour to Baltimore by rail, 580 miles, is just 60 cents. It is scarcely necessary to say that on the Cincinnati Southern Railway and connections, it could be transported the distance to Anderson, 455 miles, as cheaply or for less than ?o Baltimore, leaving a clear margin to ci? ther the producer or consumer, of from S4.G5 to $5.05 per barrel. The same is true of all other produce. The dealers of Knoxville buy stoves in Troy, N. Y., and cany them 000 miles by rail; whereas if the Cincinnati South? ern Railway was made, the distance would bo but 270 miles, giving 720 miles of transportation in favor of Cin? cinnati manufactures. Mr. Lafitte stated in tho Board of Trade rooms that the South needed one million stoves to-day. What is true of stoves applies with equal force to all manufactured articles of which tho South now stands in need. The South presents an open market for our wares in which Cincinnati would have by the Cincinnati Southern Railway the advantage of the short route and cheap fares. lu one word, by the construction of the Cincinnati Southern Railway we com? mercially conquer 200,000 square miles of market, and make customers of 4,000,000 of people. This is not all. It is said to bo a poor rule that don't work both ways. Tho construction of the Cincinnati Southern Railway will bring us, by tho same ad? vantage of cost of transportation to the above, rice, sugar, coffee, cotton and tropical fruits on better terms than the} can now be had, and enabling Cincinnati to supply the markets of the .North-west with those articles; thus again extending tho area of her tiaffic over a field now in a great measure barred to her cnterpriso by cheaper freights from other points. We will not have to wait until the road is finished to feel its influence on the traffic of the city. Tho expenditure of ten millions of dollars in construction of tho road must necessarily givo an impe? tus to tho manufacturers iti tho produc? tion ot tho various articles used in tho construction and equipment of a first class road, that must enliven the mcny ring of the hammerand incrcaso the hum of busy lathes, and these again react on every other department of industry.? Railroad Record. Personal Influence.?Blessed influ? ence of one true, loving human soul on earth ! Not calculable by algebra, not tlc ducible by logic; but mysterious, effectu? al, mighty as the hidden-process by which tho tiny seed is quickened, and bursts forth into tall stem and broad leaf and glowing tasseled flower. Ideas aro often poor ghosts; our suntillod eyes can not discern them as they pass athwart us in thin vapor, and can not mako thsmselvcs felt. But sometimes they are made of flesh ; they touch us with soft responsive hands ; they look at us with sad eyes, and sneak to us in appealing tones; they aro clothed in a living human soul, with all its conflicts, its faith, and its love. Then their presence is a power; then thoy shake us like a passion, and we are drawn niter them with gentle compulsion, as flame is drawn to flame.?Blackwood. ? The greatoBt wisdom of speech is to know when, and what, and whero to sneak?the time, matter and manner. The next to it is silence The Southern Historical Society. A regular.meeting of this association was held in New Orleans en tho 14th of June. Tlio meeting was well attended, and much important business was trans? acted. . Tho permanent constitution and by-laws were read and adopted. The following is an official list of tho officers : OFFICERS OF PARENT SOCIETY, NEW OR Rev. B. SI. Palmer, D. D., President; Gen. Braxton Bragg, Vice President; Joseph Jones. M. D., Secretary and Treas? urer. VICE PRESIDENTS OF STATES. Gen. R. E. Lee, Virginia; Hon. S. Teaklo Wallis, Maryland j Gen. D. H. Hill, North Carolina; Gen. Wade Hamp? ton, South Carolina; Hon. Alexander H. Stephens, Georgia; Admiral R. Semmes, Alabama; Gov. Isham G.Harris, Tennes? see; Gov. B. G. Humphreys, Mississippi; Col. Ashbel Smith, Texas; Gen. J. C. Breckenridge, Kentucky; Gen. Trusten Polk, Missouri; Hon. A. H. Garland, Ar? kansas; Hon. S. P. Mallory, Florida. The annexed able and elaborate ad? dress, fully explaining the objects and scope of the organization, was unani? mously adopted: On the 1st of May, 1SG0, after several preliminary meetings, a number of gen? tlemen in the city of New Orleans formed themselves into a permanent association, under the stj-le of the "Southern Histori? cal Society," with tho following general outline: A parent societ}-, to hold its scat and *its archives in tho city of New Orleans, with affiliating societies to be organized in all the States favorable to tho object proposed, these in their turn branching into local organizations in the different townships?forming thus a wide fellow sliip of closely co-ordinated societies, with a common centre in tho parent associa? tion in this city. The object proposed to be accomplished is the collection, classification, preserva? tion, and final publication, in some form to be hereafter determined, of all the, doc? uments and facts bearing upon tho event? ful history of the few years, illustrating the nature of the struggle from which the country has just emerged, defining and vindicating the principles which lay beneath it. and marking the stages through which it was conducted to its issue. It is not understood that this as? sociation shall be purely sectional, nor that its labors shall be of a partisan char? ade r. Everything which relates to this criti? cal period of our national history, pend? ing the conflicts, antecedent or subse? quent to it, from the point of*view of cither, or of both the contestants ; every? thing, in short, which shall vindicate the truth of history is to bo industriously collated and filed ; and all parties, in eve? ry section of the continent, who shall de? sire to co operate in the attainment of these ends, will be welcomed to a share in our councils and our toils. It is doubtless true, that an accepted history can never bo written in the midst of the storm}' events of which that histo-1 ry is comprised, nor by the agents through whose efficiency they were wrought. The strong passions which are evoked in eve- J ry human conflict disturb the vision and warp the judgment, in the scales of whose | criticism the necessary facts are to be j weighed; even the relative importance of these facts cannot be measured \>y those 1 who are in too close proximity. Scope must bo afforded for the development of their remote issues before they can be brought under tho range of a philosophic apprehension, and tho secret thread be discovered, running through all history, upon Which its single facts chrystaliao in tho unity of some great providential plan. The generations of the disinterested must succeed the generations of the pre? judiced before history, properly termed such, can be written. This, precisely, is the work we now attempt to construct, the archives in which shall bo collected these memoirs to serve for future history. It is believed that invaluable documents are scattered over the whole land, in loose sheets, perhaps, lying in the port? folios of private gentlemen, and only pre? served as souvenirs of their own parts in the historic drama> Existing in forms so perishable, regard? ed, it may be, only so much waste paper, by those those into whose bands they must fall, no delay should bo Buffered in their collection and preservation. There is, doubtless, too much that is yet unwritten floating only in the memo? ries of tho living, which if not speedily rescued, will be swallowed in the oblivion of the grave, but which, it reduced to re? cord and collated, would afford the key to many a cipher, in a little while to be? come unintelligible for want of interpre? tation. All this various material, gathered from every section, will need to bo industriously classified and arranged, and finally depos? ited in tho central archives of the society, under the care of appropriate guardians. To this task of collection, we invite the immediate attention and co-operation of our copatriots throughout the South, to facilitate which, we propose tho organi? zation of State and district associations, that our whole peoplo may bo brought into harmony of action to this important matter. Tho rapid changes through which the institutions of the country arc now pass? ing, and the still more stupendous revo? lutions in the opinions of men, remind us that wo stand to-day upon the outer verge of a great historic cycle, within which a completed past will shortly bo enclosed. Another cycle may touch its circumfer? ence; but tho oventB it shall cmbraco will bo gathered around another historic centre, and the future historian will pro? nounce that in stepping from tire one to LEANS. the other he has entered upon another and separate volume of'the nation's record. Let us, who are soon to be in that past to which we properly belong, sec that thcro are no gaps in the record. Thus ?hall we discharge a duty to the fathers, whose principles we inherit, to the children, who will then know wheth? er to houor or to dishonor the sires that begot them ; and above all, to the dead heroes sleeping on the vast battle-plains, from Manassas to Vicksburg, whose epitaph history yet waits to engrave irpon their tombs. The funds raised by the initiation fees, assessments, donations and lectures, after defraying the current expenses, will be appropriated to the rent or purchase of a suitable fire-proof building for the safe keeping of the archives. For the accomplishment of these ends contributions aro respectfully solicited from all parties interested in the establish? ment and prosperity of the Southern His? torical Society. Contributions to the archives and libra? ry of the society are respectfully and ear? nestly solicited under the following specific divisions. 1. Tho histories and historical collec? tions of the individual States, from the earlie*^rpcriods to the present time, in? cluding travels, journals and maps. 2. Complete files of the newspapers, pe? riodicals, literary, scientific and medical journals of the Southern States from the earliest times to the present da}' includ? ing, especially, the period of the American civil war. 8. Geological, typographical, agricultur? al, manufacturing and commercial reports, illustrating the statistics, climate, soil, re? sources, products and conuuetee of the Southern States. 4. Works, speeches, sermons and dis? courses relating to the recent conflict and political changes. Congressional and State reports during the recent war. 5. Olficial reports and descriptions, by officers and privates and newspaper cor? respondents and eye witnesses of cam? paigns, military operations, butties and sieges. G. Military maps. 7. Reports upon the munitions, arni3 and equipment, organizatioiviumbers and losses of the various branches of the Southern armies?infantry, artillery,cav? alry, ordinance and commissary and quar? termaster departments. 8. Reports of the adjutant general ol the lute C S. A., and of the adjutant-gen? eral of the armies, departments, districts and States, showing the resources of the individual States, tho availablo fighting population, the number, organization and losses of the forces called into actual ser? vice. 9. Naval operations of the Confederate States. 10. Operations ol the Nitre and .Mining Bureau. 11. Commercial operations. 12. Foreign relations, diplomatic cor? respondence, etc. 13. Currency. 14. Medical statistics and medical ro ports. 15. Names of all officers, Roldiers and sailors in the military and naval service of the Confederate States who wcro kill? ed in battle, or died of disease and wounds. 16. Names of all wounded officers, sol? diers and sailors. The nature of the wounds should be attached to each name, also the loss of one or more limbs should be carefull}* noted. 17. Published reports and manuscripts relating to civil prisoners held during the war. 18. All matters, published or unpublish? ed, relating to tho treatment, diseases, mortality, and exchange of prisoners of war. 19. Tho conduct of the hostile armies in the Southern States. Private and pub? lic losses during the war. Treatment of citizens by hostile forces. 20. Number, occupation,condition, and . conduct of colored population. Effects of emancipation upon the negro, and* upon the material prosperity of'the South 21. Southern poetry, ballads, songs, etc. All communications, works and reports must bo addressed (by mail or express, prepaid),, to Dr. Joseph Jonos, Secretary and Treasuror of the Southern Historical Society, New Orleans, La. Give Your Child a Local Paper.?A child beginning to read becomes delight? ed with a newspaper, because he reads tho names of persons and things which arc very familiar, and will make progress ac? cordingly. A newspaper in ono year is worth a quarter's schooling to a child, and over}' father must consider that substan? tial information is connected with ad? vancement. Tho mother of a family be? ing one of tho head, and having a more immediate charge of tho children, should herself bo instructed. A mind occupied, becomes fortified against the ills of life, and is braced against any emergency. Children, amused by reading or study, aro of course moro considorato and more easily governed. How many parents who have not got twenty dollars for books for thoir families would have given hundreds to reclaim a son or daughter who had ig norantiy or thoughtlessly fallen into tomp tation. CovETOU8NEss.?Rich people are like the cypress tree : tncy may appear well, but aro fruitless; so rich porsons have the means to bo generous, yet some aro not so; but they should consider that they aro only trustees for what they possess and should show their wealth to be more in doing good, than merely in having it. They should notreservo their bcnovolcnco for purposes after they are dead; for those who give not till they die, show that they would not then if they could keep their gains longer. The Last Confederate Prisoner.? On yesterday there was in this city a man who claims to be a Conlederate States soldier, just returning to his home. Iiis story, if it be true, is certainly a strange one. He gives his name as W. A. Ellcrson, and says that he was a mem? ber of Cobb's Legion during the war. He is a 3'oung looking man. apparently twenty-three or four years old, and has lost both his right leg and his right e\-e. His story is, that he is a native of Jackson county, in this State, and that ho joined Cobb's Jjcgion soon after the breaking out of hostilities. He served with that command up to the battle of Gettysburg, in the Summer of 1863. where he lost his leg and eye, and was taken prisoner. From tho time of his capture up to the surrender of the Confederate armies in i8G5, he was confined in a military prison at Elmira, New York. Released when the war terminated, ho 6tarted home, but stopping a few days in New York city, ho got himself into a difficulty, which postponed his visit homo for four years. Stumping along the streets with his wooden leg one day he was cursed by a negro for a damned rebel. Johnnie's spirit was not completely subdued by his long confinement, and drawing a knife as quick as thought, he plunged the blade into the body of cuffy and stretched him dead in the street: Of course he was immediately arrested and incarcerated for a second time. His trial for murder followed in a few days, and James T. Brady, the great Now York lawyer, af? fected by tho situation of the soldier, volunteered in his defence. He was con? victed of manslaughter, but through the exertions of his counsel, and his own pe? culiar situation, the Court only sentenced him to four years' imprisonment in the Blackwell Island Penitentiary. He serv? ed here until a few days since, when his time expired and he was released. He made his way to this placo and was fur? nished by the city authorities yesterday with free transportation to Athens, which is not far from his home in Jackson coun? ty.?Chronicle and Sentinel. Reading.?A taste for good reading has long been observed as one of the most effectual safeguards to young men against vice and crime. In the first place, it serves to give employment in those hours of leisure and freedom from work which would be likely otherwise worse than wasted. To tho young man who has no taste for reading, tho evening hours become loaded with temptation. It is tiresome to sit moping bt tho stove, and he naturally drifts to tho tavern, the sa? loon, or the billiard and card table. There he finds others like himself, with vacant hours to while away, and thus grow up those habits and associations which soon eventuate in dissipation or lead to crime. We doubt if one instance in a thousand can be found of a young man's making shipwreck of hopes and character who was accustomed to spend his evenings at home reading good books; and we say to any parent that a well stocked library and an abundant supply of newspapers and magazines, with the habit of reading on the part of your boy, is worth more to keep him out of mischief, and to make a man of him, than any other single influ? ence at your command. . Again, tho habit of reading confers positive strength and elevation of charac? ter. The well-read man is usually the well-informed man? Heading is the great stimulus of thinking. The instances are rare of a great writer and thinker who was not himself a great reader. There is no stimulus of tho mind so powerful as communion with other minds. The mass of young men, especially of tho working mechanic and trading classes, need this mental excitement to preserve a symme? try and equipoise of character. The far? mer is in danger of having his thoughts fall too much into the routine of his daily life. A good book or newspaper expands them, setri them to work upon other top? ics, and gives them a wider scope. The mechanic, after mastering tho details or his business and perfecting himself in it, ought to leavo his trade with his tools when he goes home at night, and in good reading find a wider cultivation of his whole nature The trador who allows his mind to run constantly upon his business soon becomes a narrow one-sided man. He, too, needs to get out of his rut and givo his thoughts a wider range. To all of these the" book, tho magazine, and the newspaper is a necessity.?Lawrence Weekly Republican. It is Dark.?Tho following beautiful sentiments are from Meister Karl's Sketch book, entitled the "Night of Heaven." It. is full of touching tender? ness : "It is dark when tho honest and honorable man sees the results of years swept cruelly away by the knavish and heartless adversary. It is dark when he feels the clouds of sorrow gather round, and knows that the hopes and happiness of others arc fading with his own. But in that hour the memory of past integrity will bo a true consolation and assure him oven hero on earth of gleams of light in Heaven. It is dark when the dear voice of that sweet child onco fondly loved, is no more heard in murmurs. Dark when tho pattering feet no more resound with? out tho threshold, or ascend step by step up stairs. Dark when somo well known atr recalls the strains once olt attuned to a childish voice now hushed in death ! Darkness?but only the gloom which now horalds the Day-spring of immortality, and tho infinite light of Heaven. ? Blushing is a sign that something of tho angel is left to woman, beautiful to the eye and bespeaking the purity of the heart. When a woman ceases to blush, she ha^ lost her greatest charm Thomas Jordan.?The people of tho South will not shed many oceans of tears over the disappointment and failures of Thomas Jordan, quondam chief-of staff to the peerless Boauregard, and now filibus? ter among "the orange groves and vine- ? clad hills of one of Columbia's most love ly isles." This man Jordan is an officer of talent, and performed good service nnder the ill stared flag of our lost, but not unloved, Confederacy. But, the war ended, he must gratify some old personal spite by ? writing a shameless article for the more shameless Harper's Magazine, in which ho vilifies his fallen chief, Jefferson Davis, then a grief-stricken prisoner in the gloo [ my casemates of Fortress Monroe. Mr. Davis may have committed errors: He doubtless did. But they were "errors of the head?not of the heart"; and tbo ex-Confederate who could hurl at him tho envenomed spear of slander and detrac? tion while suffering in the prison-house of tyranny, for tho cause he loved so well, is not the man to retain the respect of even those Southern men who could not fully endorse the policy of Mr. Davis. General Jordan's article in Harper's Magazine was doubtless the result of dis? appointed ambition. He probably meas? ured his abilities by a higher standard than Mr. Davis did. But ho can offer no justification for his coarse and vulgar at? tack on his unfortunate chief. Now, he has been disappointed again. He went to Cuba, it is said, with the fond expecta? tion of being made second in command of the Cuban rebels; but that position has been denied him. And, should he escape the clutches of the Spanish troops, and return to the United States, wo shall doubtless be regaled with another charac? teristic Magazine article from his worm-" wood pen. Go on, Jordan, in your career of filibus? ter. The people of the South will try to forget, but they can never forgive you.? Wilmington Star. -^_ An act of Heroism in Presence of two Armies.?At the battle of New Hope Church, fought late in May, 1864; an in? cident oecuired that attracted the atten? tion and elicited the praise of two gallant armies. This incident is rather obscurely hinted at, in an otherwise admirable no? tice of the lato Col. Win. H. Martin, of the Confederate army, which appeared in a recent number of your paper. In the battle referred to, the Federals along one portion of tho line had met with a disastrous repulse. The ground? as is always the case in pine forests?was covered with fallen leaves. These had been set on fire during the action, and the repulse of the Federals having been sud? den and decisivo, they necessarily left their woanded who lay thick in all por? tions of the woods, exposed to a more terrible ordeal than that of battle merely. They were about to die in tho flames, when Col. Martin, taking the lead him? self, ordered his men from their fortifica? tions, wheD with switches they whipped out the fire. At the time they left their position, a heavy firing from the restored Federal lino was going on, but of courso this ceased so soon as it became manifest' that the Confederates were engaged in a work of humanity to tlieirfallen enemies. As we have stated, this act upon tho part of Col. Martin was for a while the common topic of conversation in two great armies, and there arc veiy many who will remember it distinctly. One who knew all things deep and true, and sad and strange in human life, has said that tho word l4Honor" is made a lying tlave on many a tomb, whilo it is olton dumb over the resting place "of honored bones indeed." That it may not be thus with Col. Martin, whose unknown grave is in the sands of a far, foreign river, we seek, in simple justice to his menforj', to recall a gentle and knightly incident of his life, which gleamed out like a star from tbo dec.) murk and gloom of a sanguinary war. Who is a Gentleman??A gentleman is not merely a person acquainted with certain forms and etiquette of lifo, easy and self-possessed in society, able t0 6peak and act and move in the world without awkwardness, arid free from habits which aro vulgar and in bad taste'. A gentle? man is something beyond this; that which lies at tho root of all his pleasiiig is the same spirit which lies at tho root of every Christian virtue. It is the thougbful de? sire of doin^ in every instanco to others as he would that others should do unto him. He is constantly thinking, not in? deed how he may give pleasure to others for the mero sense of pleasing, but how he can show respect to others?how ho may avoid hurting their feelings. When he is in society, he scrupulously ascertains the position and relations of every one with whom he comes in contact, that he may give to each his duo honor, his prop? er position. He studies how ho may abstain from any allusions which may call up a disagreeable or offensive association. A gentleman never alludes to, never even appeal's conscious of any person's defect, bodily deformity, inferiority of talent, of rank, of reputation in the person is whose society ho is placed. He never assumes any superiority to himself?never ridi? cules, never sneers, never boasts, makes a display of his own power, or rank, or ad? vantages?such as is implied in ridicule, or sarcasm, or abuse?as he never indulges in habits, or tricks, or inclinations which may bo offensive to others. ? "Put out your tongue a little fur* ther," said a physician to a female patient: "A little further, ma'am, if you pleasor?. a little further still." ' Why, doctor, do, you think there's uo end to a woman's. ' tongue?" cried the fair patient.