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Tr i - *v %n Igeltet Jf?milg %mnmU-?M? I0 cMtiu$, Ptrata? #t. BY HOYT & HUMPHREYS. ANDERSON C. H., S. C, THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 27, ?. l?he Intelligencer IS PUBLISHED \VEEKLY AT FIFTY CTS. FOE THREE MONTHS LN SPECIE OK PROVISIONS. v JAMES A. H?YT dPW* HUMP?TfEYS, Proprietors-.. i - SPEECH -OF HON. B F, PERRY, At the Public Meeting in the ' Court Hftuse, GreeayilleoS, C, von Monday, the 3d day of July. * 1865. Mb. Cuairman?Tbi? public meeting of tf.lw citizens of Greenville is dift'tff deep humiliation , and sorrow. A cruel and bloody war. has swept over the Southern '^States. One hundred and fifty thousand 'of our braved and most gaflant men have ' fallen on-the field of battle! The land .is tfilleU with mourning widows and orphans! There is scarcely a house in which there has not been weeping for some loved one 'lost? Three thousand millions of dollars " have been spent by the 'Southern "States -in carrying on this warf And now we are called upon to give up four millions of ? stoves,, "worth two thousand, millions of ? dollars more ? Our country has been rav? aged and desolated!'"'Our cities, towns and villages, are in smouldering ruins! Conquering'arntie?'Occupy the country The^Confederacy has falen, and we have been deprived of aM'Tiivi! government and ?political riglTts. We have neither lawjior order. Q?hcre is no protection -for dife, ?liberty ^>r property. Everywhere there' 'is demoralization, rapine "and murder I ?Hunger andstarvation are upon us ! And "now we meet as a disgraced and subjugated, .people to petition the conqueror tf> restore ?our lost rights! Suclfcare the bitter fruits" 1 of Secession !! -How different, Mr. Chairman, in tone, "spirit and character, was that meeting 'of "the citizens of Greenv:ille, just five, years, ago, iu this same building, which inaugura? ted this most" fatal, bloody and disastrous revolution ? Then all was joy, hope, ex -oUement'and confidence. Seated iu my ilW office, looking towards this court ?house, 'T saw a crowd of .persons rushing' in, composed "of -college boys and their professors, merchants, mechanics, doctors, lawyers and idlers from the hotels, with sprinkling of farmers and pUuvters. ?"Soon-d. heard the .public speaking com? mence, and the airAvas rerff with tbe wild and rapturous applause or the excited audience. The more extravagant the de nunenitions of the Union, the louder were ?the shouts of applause-! -I repeated, in "my lieantit'Jo memorable words of Christ, j 'jratJie)\forgive them, they know not what they do!'' My mind was then filled with the worst forebodings as to the future. I '?thought I foresaw all the evils which have since befallen our beloved country. But 'my political influence was gone, and my voice waspoworlesstostaytho ttigry and ^escoited feelings of njy follow citizens. We were at that time, Mr.- Chah-man,'| the most prosperous, free and happy poo plo on the face of the earth. The sun" had never shone on an empire or nation whose future was more bright and glorious. But 'the pr/biic mind had unfortunately, been prepared, in the Southorn States, for thir,;* ty years past, for an effort at disunion. The people had been induced to-believe that, disunion would be a quiet blessing and that it might come without war and bloodshed! The loading politicians of the South were anxiously waiting for some plausible pretext for seceding from the American Union. The election of Abra? ham Lincoln President of the Unitoo States by a sectional party, at the North, DF-as regarded as a favorable opportunity for acconiplis®. their long cherished purpose. ? We?were told, after this event, that there was no longer and safety in the Union for slavery or our constitutional rights! I/et us how see, Mr. Chairman, if there was and truth in this assertion. Mr. Lin 'coln was elected in direct conformity with the Federal Constitution. He Avas elec? ted in consequence of the political divi? sions and dissensions at the South. Had tho Southern States been united on one candidate, instead of voting for three, the result would havo bdfcn different. Mr. Lincoln only received a.little more than one third of the votes cast in the Presi? des Hal .election. He therefore went into ofSco with a large majority of the Ameri? can poople opposed to his administration. There was at that time a majority of twen? ty-seven members of the House of Repre? sentatives in Congress, in opposition to President Lincoln. 0Thcre was a majority of six member's Oifiho .Senate of^the Uni? ted States opposed i& him. And. sir, a majority of the Supreme Court of tke Uni? ted States were opposed to the avowed"! principles of the Republican party, which electod Mr*. Lincoln. Where, then, was the power of the President to injure the the South, or invade the constitutional rights of the Southern States? -He was in a minorify in both Houses of Congress, ahcl'in the Supreme Court, with a farge majority of, the Amerrcam'people opposed to him. ? He was powerless. l?o legisla? tion could be had, and no appointment -asade^ without the> approval of the South era-States through f;be Democratic party. The^eleetio'n of -Preside?t 'Lincoln was, then, no just ground for secession. But it was urged, Mr. Chairman, that the Republican p&rty$vould soon obtain the ascendency in both Houses of Con | gress, and then the constitutional rights of the Southern States would be destroyed. There "was fib 'rwraOh for this assertion, when we reflect that'b majority of the people of the United States were opposed to theiprinciplos of thie Republican party. Admit, however, 'for argument, that the President and his party might be in the ascendant, and woujd make aggressions on Southern rights and institutions. Then, sir, we Should havo had the whole demo? cracy of the North 'rallying around their violate* Constitution and standing by the South. And if war had come, it would have been at -tlie 2vrorth, where the peo? ple were divided, and not at tho South, where they wcro all united. Jt .would have been a civil, -?s Well as a sectional war, iu the Union, and for tho Constitu? tion of the Union. But, sir, the'ro -Was not. the slightest probability of^such an issue. Tho Republican party voted al I most unanimously, in 'Congress, in I860, that thoy had no power to interfere with slavory in tno States, and no wish to do. so, if they had. When the Southern States seceded from the Union, and withdrew their members from Congress, they took the Fede*ral:-GbvH5rnttu?nt out of the-hands of the Democracy, and turned'it over to the Republican pavt}r. They abandoned their friends and allies, the Northern Demoeraej', who had manfully stood by the South for more than a half-century, to ' tho'teiidcr1?!crcies'of their.political oppo? nents and enemies ? This was nOt in ac-: -Cordana with Southern honor and chiv? alry. What other cause had the Southern. ?"States for their act of secession ? For eight years immediately ?preceding this revolution, during^thc administrations of Presidents Pierce and Buchanan, there wpa nut an act of the Federal govern? ment of which thoy complained. They could not complain, for the Government was in their ?own hands. "It-is true the Northern Slate legislatures had nullified certain acts of Congress favorable to the South. -But was this just catfse for rebel ling- against Ute Federal 'Government? Should they not have adhered the closer to that Govern men t, and assisted in en? forcing its laws ? How strange-to think of tho Southern Statcsrebeliing against a Government of which they did not com? plain ! It is said that the Southern States left the Union to,preserve slavery! How fa? tal the mistake! -Every ono ought to have known that Slavery was Ftrongcr in the Union than it possiby could bo out of the Union. Inclecfd, the Union was 'its' only safely anil protection. Whilst in the Union we had the power of re-capturing our fugitives slaves. Out of tho Union wo could have no such power. Tho whole; civilized world Was opposed to us on this question, and as a slave power, would have looked upon us with scornful jealousy. But,Mr. Chairman, the madness and fol? ly of the Southern States, in commencing this revolution, is n<yv manifest to all. There was fanaticism at the South as well -as at tho North. Politicians did all they could, in both scetKons, to stir up the worst passions of the ataman heart and make the people forget they wcro fellow citizens of one great Republic. We were told that the Northern peoplo would not fight, that there would be no war, and of? fers were made to drink a-Fl the blood that would -be shed! History should have taught them that no great Government, like ours, ever was, or ever could bo, brok? en up without one and all its dire conse? quences. How W4is it, Mr. Chairman, that the Southern'States failed in their rebellion ? It is true the contest was a most unequal one?eight millions of persons fighting against twenty-millions ! The ono hav? ing neither-government, arm}', navy or manufactures; and the other having all these, with an influx of foreigners and Southern negroes to increase the strength. The Southern people'are an impulsive, en? thusiastic people, but they want the ener? gy and perservcrance of the North. I said to my friends, at tho beginning of this war, that my greatest apprehension was, that our soldiers would get tired of the war and quit it. I did not behove it possible to hold in subjection eight millions of poo plo, scattered over such an immense terri? tory as composod the Southern Statos, if they wore disposed to make any and eve? ry si'eriSce, as tho Dutch Republic did i.i their war Of independence* But, sir, 'the great cause of our failure was, that the heart of the Southern people never was mi this revolution I There was not a "State, except "South 'Carolina, in which there was a majority in favor Of secession L Even in South Carolina there were many Districts in which one half of "foe voters did not go to tho polls. ?Mr. Chairman, I would frankly say, as I havo often said daring the past four years, that there was hot a hmn 'in the United States who more deeplj' regretted tho secession of the Southern States than I did, at the beginning of the revolution ; and there is not now in the Southern -St&tcs, any one who feels more bitterly 'thVhumifiaiibn and'degradation of going back into the Union than I do. Still, I know that we shall be more prosperOU? and happy in the Union than out of it. It has been too common, Mr. Chairman, to attribute the failure of this great revo? lution to'thc PreAidetft?f the late. Confed? eracy; This, sir, is a itiist'ake._ The peo? ple were themselves to blame Yor its fail? ure. They were unwilling to make those sacrifices which were cssontial to its suc? cess. Many who were most prominent in the mbvement, never did any thing for it after the vf?v commenced. Instead of seeking their proper 2>osition, in front of !ih'ebattle,-they sought "bomb-proofs" ?for themselves und their sons; There were others Who got into soft places " and of? ficial position, where they could speculate and make fortunes on Government funds. In fact, towards the latter.part of the war, it seemed that -every bne'v/a's "trying to keep but of the army, and was willing to pay anything,:and make any sacrifice, to do so. When General vFohivston surren dored'liis army-he had bn /his muster toll \ seventy thousand men, but only fourteen' thousand to bo carried into battle ! Gen? eral Lee's army in tho same condition. Where were the absentees ? At home, oh furlough, "Staying over their furloughs, deserted and Btraggling ! At no time dur-: ing the last three ycarj of the war, was thero more than one-third of the army ready to march into battle ! How was it possible for tho Southern 'people to suc? ceed, acting thus ? Congress,-too, Mr.'Chairman, is greatly to blame for their exemptions. All be? tween the ages of eighteen and forty five; should have been forced into the army and kept there. It mattered not whether he was doctor, lawyer,' prcachor. politician, editor, or school-teacher. ' If an able-bod-1 icd man, he should have been sent to the army. But, strange to soy, tlnf three, classes of men who wcro mainly 'instru? mental' in plunging their country into this mad revolution, wore all exempted, by j Congress'from fighting ! I allude to til e politicians, newspaper editors and preach? ers of the Gospel. Tfcis was not fair. The man avIio gets up a fight should al waj's take his share ofit. ' It has been said, and repeated all over ?tho Southcrn States,-that the South hasj sustained a great loss in the death of Pres? ident Lincoln.' 'I do not think SO. Presi? dent Johnson is a m?ch abler and firmer man than Lincoln was. Ho is in every way more acceptable to the South. In the first place, he is a Southern man, and Lin? coln was a Northern man; He is a Dem? ocrat, and Lincoln was a Whig and Re? publican. President Johnson was a slave I holder, well acquainted with the institu? tion, and knows what is piopor to be done in the great change which, is taking place President Lincoln was wholly unacquain? ted with slavery and Southcrninstitutions. ? President Johnson is a man of iron will and nerve like Andrew Jackson and will adhere to his principles and political faith. On the other hand, President Lincoln showed himself to be nothing more than, clay in the hands of the potter, ready to change his measures and principles at the bidding of his party. President Johnson has filled all the highest and most honor? able offices iu the State of Tennessee, with great ability and satisfaction to tho peo? ple. There is no stain or blot on his pri? vate Character. . The ablest speech over delivered in tho Senate of the United States, on tho issue between th? North and South, was made by President John? son. Ho voted for Breckinridgo in the Presidential canvass of 18G0. Judging, then, from his antecedents, tho South 'should have every hope and confidence in him. Mr. Chairman, the future, to my mind, ?is not so gloomy as some would have us believe. I havo no doubt that in ten years the Southern States will bo happy and prosperous again, and we shall find that the loss of slavery will be no loss at all to our real comfort and satisfaction. The planter and farmer will find that his nett profits are greater, with hired labor, than with slav% labor. Every landholder can rent his farm or plantation for ono third! of the gross, products.' This is moro than" he now makes nett, after subsisting his slaves. In truth, very few farmers in this region of country make any thing ex? cept by the increase of his slaves. Theso are divided out amongst his children, at his death, and they pursue the same course of-toi'ling*and struggling through Kfft'. to raise negroes for their children. And.thus the "system goes on, ad infinitum, without profit or remuneration. Tbe lands arc worn out, and the country remains unimproved. If a planter or farmer is en? abled to save any thing^ffter supporting his establishment, it is investett in Lj^e purchase of more slaves. Hence, increas? ed wealth adds nothing to the'enjoyment of life, or to the improvement ?fthe coun-, try. The idleness and vagrancy of the ne gro, in a fr ee state, may be a nuisance to society.. "It must be corrected in the best way we call. I have no'doubt, in -nine cases out of ten, freedom will prove a curse instead of a blessing to "the ne?ro. Ho one should turn off his negroes, if they are willing to remain with him for their victuals and clothes and work as they have herotofore done. They have had no agency in bringing about the change which has takejcplaco, and we should feel no ill w-ill towards thorn on that account. Mr. Chairman, ?s much'as alifcel the hu? miliation and degradation of our present situation, and deeply lament the losses which have befallen the Southern States; yet we should be happy'to know that this cruel and bloody war is over, and that peace is once more restored to our coun? try. TIfls -is a great consolation amidst our wants, distresses and humiliation.? The husband will no longer have to leave his wife and children : the father and * mother will not be called upon any more to give up their sons as victims to the ?war. It is to be "hoped .that, in a very short time, civil government will^be re? stored in South Carolina; tbat law once moro will reign supreme over the State, and that life, liberty and property will be protected ?vdrywhere, as they heretofore have been. The resolutions submitted to this meet? ing express a hope* on the part of the peo? ple of Greenville, that the President will enlarge Iiis amnesty .proclamation, and grant a pardon to all who are liable to prosecution. The secession of the South? ern States was for greater, and very dif? ferent from a rebellion proper. It was organized by constitutional sovereign States, acting in their sovereign eapuCiiy, and not by un?ithorized assemblages of citizen!?. . Treason may. be committed against tbo State of South Carolina as well as against the United States. After South Carolina left the Union all her citizens wero liablo, as traitor's, in the State courts, who took sides with the United States and fought against her. If they were liablo to bo punished as trai? tors in the United States courts, for tak? ing side with tho State, then all wore traitors and liable to be executed as trai? tors, v"hct!ier thej' fought for or served one or tho other Government! This would indeed be a most cruel and lament? able condition. Death was their portion, act as they might. To stand neutral tbey could net. and to choose between the State and the 'United Slates Was death ! "Surely a principle so monstrous and ab? surd cannot bo enforced. There were thousands and hundreds of thousands in the Southern States who deeply regretted the secession of their State, but after the State seceded, felt that their first allegi? ance was due the State. But, Sir. Chairman* the "secession of eleven or twelvo sovereign States, com? posing one-half of the territory of the United States, was something more than a rebellion. It was legitimate war be? tween tho two sections; and they acted towards each other, throughout tho war, as recognized bcligercnls. , and wore so treated and recognized by foreign nations. Prisoners were exchanged, between the two belligerents, and none were treated as traitors, during tho whole of the four year's war". 'Hundreds of thousands of prisoners were thus exchanged. The highcst^generalfi, as well as tho humblest privates, were treated as captured soldiers by both Governments and exchanged.? Surely a general officer who has bc*il -ex? changed while this gigantic war was wa? ging cannot now bo demanded as a trai? tor, tried and executed as a traitor.? There havo been a few national wars in Europe in which greater armies were car? ried into service on the field ot battle. To call such a war a robelJion is a misap? plication of terms. Tho greatest and best men of the Southern Stated wero most conscientiously leading this war, either in council or on the field of battle. In all history there is not a more' perfect model of a pure and great man (save Washington) than General Leo. That ho should now be hung as a 'raitor, would be an acf of national infamy, that would shock the whole civilized world, and ren der the name of the United States odious in history. Whilst I do not think, Mr. Chairman, that the whole peoplo of the South have behaved well in this war, and done their duty at home and on the field of battle, yet there is a very large propor- ' tion of them who have wdn immortal hon- ' ors, and whose glory in war, and wisdom in council, will illustrate tnany a bright page in history. They have been unsuc? cessful in their revolution, but this should not, and does not, detract from their he-' roic gallantry on the* fiekj of battle, or their statesmanship itl tho cabinet or halls of legislation. They will bo reraem- ' bcred and honored as hferoes^and patriots, not only at the South, but in the North too, as soon as passion subsides, and sober reason and caliE. reflection assume their sway over the public miud. I cannot, and ? would not, Mr. Chair? man, ask my fellow-citizens - to'forget tho " past, in this war, so far a? the North is concerned. * There havo been deeds of atrocity committed by the United States armiee which never can be forgotten in' the Southern States. But I do entreat them to become loyal citizeiss., and respect tho national authorities of the Republic. - Abandon, at'Once and forever, all notions of secession, nullifiication and disunion. Determine to live, and teach your chil? dren to live, as true American citizens.? There will be in future, if there is" not now,its much cf pride and grandeur in tho name of " American citizen," as there once was in that of "Roman citizen." The Republic is destined to gc on in? creasing in national power and greatness for centuries to come. As sooji as the ferment of the revolution subsides, we shall be restored to all our civil rights, and be as free and republican as we ever were. There is no reason why there should be any sectional jealousy or ill feeling between the North and tho South. They are greatly necessary to each other. Their in forests are dependent, and not rival interests ; and now that slavery is abol? ished, thoro will be no'bonc of contention between the two sections. I thought, Mr. Chairman, that when the Southern States seceded there was an end to republican institutions, that ther great American experiment was a failure, and that wo should soon have, both at North and in the South, strong military governments, which would be republican in name biuj. But, sir, my hope of re? publican institutions has revived with the restoration of the Union. It si a crying shame to think that mankind,'free and enlightened, are not capable of governing themselves! That they'must have a mas? ter, or ruler, in the shape of a king or monarch, to govern them, who may not -have as much sense or virtue as the hum? blest of his subjects! If civil government is once more restored in the South, and tho ship of .State gets fairly under way again, wo may be assured of the perpetu? ity of Republican principles. In all the seceded States except South Carolina and Florida, Provisional Gov? ernors havo been appointed with a view to the restoration of civil authority in. those States. This has not been done in South Carolina, because the peoplo have not^yct given sufficient demonstration of their willingness to return to their allegi? ance to the United Stat?s. As soon as this is done by the people, in their prima j ry assemblies, a Provisional Governor i will be appointed by the President, with power to call a Convention of the State, for the purpose of reforming the Consti? tution and abolishing slavery. When this is done, and the Constitution approv by Congress, tho State will be allowed to resume her pesition again in tho Federal Union. The people will elect their mem? bers of the Leislature, and govern them? selves as they heretofore have done. The military authorities will bo withdrawn, and civil government restored. In North Carolina all loyal citizens are allowed to vote for members of the Convention who were legal voters there previous to the revolution. The same coiu'so'wilhbe-pur sued in all the States. The right of 'suf frage will be regulated by the Legislature of each State. The Resolutions which I have had the honor of submitting for the adoption of this meeting, are similar, in purport, to those adopted at Charleston, Columbia, Abbeville -and other places. They simply express our willingness to adopt the terms of the President's proclamation andreturn to our allegiance. We likowise ask for the appointment of a Provisional Govern ernor and the restoration of the civil au? thorities. There is nothing in these res? olutions to which the most sensitive, can object. If a man is in a loathsome dun? geon, there is no impropriety in asking to be released, no matter how innocent ho may have been. Nor-is there.any? thing wrong in his promising.to bshavo himself if restored to his liberty. The resolutions likewise provides for sending some one to represent the situation of the country to the President. This haa been done in other States, and in other Dish iets of this State.. It may have some. influence on the. action of the Federal Government, to iis-ye a free andTuil con? ference with the President, in4?eference to the condition, wishes v?rH3 feelings of of the State. It is reported that Presi? dent Johnson recen&s kindly all suggesr tion which aro made in referenco to the* - reconstruction of the States. Mr. Chairman, I thank you, sir, and this large and most respectable assem? blage of the citizens of Greenville, for their patience and courtesy in listening to me, and most devoutly pray to God that we may'be'-ohce'more a free, happy and united people. -r Interesting.Skejfcchof Col. Mosby.. - To??oston!TrdiidlcT has been furnished with the following interesting sketch of Mosby: The future historian will accord to-Mos? by a bravery and sagacity worthy to piaco him beyond Marion and Murat.? He began at the foot of the ladder, hav? ing at first enlis'ied or rather he took, np arms on his own account as did. many others who wero in the, first battle of Bull Run, where he rendered good service. His thorough knowledge of tho country soon after attracted the attention of Jeff. ? Davis, and he was promoted, and well did he earn the* rank, ?f Colone}, which ho subsequently held. His command, which at no time exceeded five hundred? men, harrassed us more than any other ton thousand rebels. Ever since the first year of the war/his raids b.ave been tire > terror of the Union peopl* kr the upper part ?f Virginia. Though nominally in our possession it has been. unsafo for a Union man there to avow his sentiments. If-he did so^all the horses, sjpek, house? hold goods, etc., were sure to be~g?b'bled up. Mosby entered our lines with impu? nity, seeming what he required, and re? turning in safety. He hung, sullen, defi? ant and dangerous on our rear in a re? treat, driving back and burning our wag? on trains, and destroying all the forage which was likely to fail into our hands. He sought to win and rarely entered in? to an engagement without good chances of success. No prisoners wero treated harshly, but all were made to give op their^ money and swap clofches, if his men^ were to bo ben?fitted by the trade On- on? raid he captured two of our paymasters, and as the "term %. expressed by our prisoners, they went through them. On a division . made among those who were on this raid each one-'s shajc was 82,160. In person, Mosby is not formidable. He is not over five foot seven inches high, is thin and spare, and can clasp his body with his hands. His- age is about thirty years. Ho is insensible to fatigue; -knows no such thing as fear; has tho piercing eye of an eagle, and impresses a person with .._ the idea ttot he can fathom-bis innermost thoughts. Though genial he is exacting. He is a skillful horseman and a dead shot; ? drinks no intoxicating liquors, and his fa? vorite beverage is strong coffee. Hoallow cd no man of his command to make uso of ardent spirits, and destroyed all that came within reach. Strategy was no jnyth with him. On one occasion, being severely wounded by our men, he order? ed his aid to. strip his insignia of rank from his shoulder and^leave him to his \ fate. Our soldiers approached htm, strip ped him of his boots, apd left him, seem? ingly in the last throes of life, little dreaming 'that there lav one feigning O ? DO mortal wounds whoso death would have been worth thousands of men to oar men. But to him this was only another exploit. On another occasion, Gen. Lee wished to deal with a man by the h?mo of Dela nie, who had left the Confederacy and come within our lines at Alexandria, and he detailed Mosby to capture him. In the evening, attended by a single orderly, he made his way through our lines to De-% lanio's house r.':d knocked at the door, when his summons was answered by him in person. Mosbj* informed him that he 9 was a prisoner, took.him through the streets of Alexandria, passed the pickets in safety* and in due time delivered the man in Richmond; There wero no dan? gerous missions to which ho ordered 5 !s men which he was not Wifling '' jhare with them. Not a man who ..?s in his command has a word to say against him, and they express the opinion that he has made nothing by his raids. JIe loved ex citemeut, and a sharp contest was the . best place to display his coolness and dar? ing. Before the war, ho was a lawyer, of no great reputation for ability. _ ? .-: Mrs. Gen. John Morgan arrived at Mur freesboro a day or two since from tho South. A younger brother of the Gener? al accompanied nor.