University of South Carolina Libraries
VOLUME 4.—NUMBER 18. WITH IRISH MOSS AND Hypophosphites of Lime and Soda. The Moat Efficaciowt Remedy for Coughs, Colds, Coxsl'mptiox and General Debiliiy. This preparation is retained by the most delicate stomach, the taste oftheCod Liver Oil being so thor- ougly disguised as to render it pleasant and palatable. Each fluid ounce contains fifty percent, of pure Cod Liver Oil, with eight grains of Hypophosphite ot Lime and fourgrafnsof Hypophos phite of Boda. Price, $1; Small Size, 50 Cts Prepared by— ANDREW A. KROEG, Pharmacist, Charleston, 8. C. For sale by all Druggists. D. 8. Hexderso:?. E. P. Hendeksox. Henderson Brothers, Attorneys at Law, Aiken, S. C. Will practice in the State and United States Courts for South Caro lina. Prompt attention given to col lections. Geo. W. Croft. Zed Dcxlap. Croft & Dunlap, Attorneys at Law, Aiken, S. C SUMMERVILLE HOUSE. H. A. Sinyser, (Formerly of Aiken, 8. C.,) H AS a fine large house and cottage for the accommodation of board ers in the beautiful village of Summer ville, near Augusta, Ga., finely situ ated, with splendiddrivesand pleasant walks. Churches very convenient to the house. The house is neatly and comfortably furnished with everything necessary. Rooms and halls well ven tilated and heated. Mails delivered daily. Terms moderate. Apply to H. A. SMYSER, Sand Hills, Augusta, Georgia. m AUGUSTA HOTEL! Augusta, - - Georgia. L. E. DOOLITTLE, Proprietor. Y" ARGE and well ventillated rooms, _Li centrally located near railroad crossing; headquarters for commer cial men; best $2 house in the South; telegraph ollice in building; electric lights. Special rates by the week or month. James Aldrich. Walter Ashley. Aldrich & Ashley, Attorneys at Law, Aiken, S. C. Practice in the State and United States Courts for South Carolina. W. (Quitman Davis, Attorney at Law', Aiken, S. C. Will practice in the Courts of this Circuit. Specia attention given to collections. 0. C. Jordan, Attorney at Law', Aiken, S. C. Janies E. Davis, Attorney at Law, Barnwell Court House, S. C. j. w. DEVORE. Aiken, S. C. M. B. WOODW'ARD. Aiken, S. C. DeVore & Woodward. y Attorney at Law, Aiken, S. C. Will practice in all the Courts of this State. CLAUDE E. SAWYER, Aiken. 8. C. James E. Barnwell, Davis,) S.C. f j Arthur B. Sawyer (Columbia, 8. C. PAVILION HOTEL. Charleston, 8. C PASSENGER ELEVATOR AND ELECTRIC BELLS. House fresh and clean throughout. Table best in the South. Pavilion Transfer Coaches and Wagons at all trains and Boats. Rates _ memo nf ..r’y-kig your to any one on Train. Rates $2 00 (3> $2 50. Sawyer, Davis Sawyer, Attorneys-at-Law. Will practice in all the Courts. Prompt attention will be given to bu siness entrusted to our hands. Special attention given to collections. Edwin R. Cunningham, 541 Broad St., - - Augusta, Ga. Commissioner of Deeds for South Carolina, New York, Florida, Texas, Louisiana, Rhode Island, District of Columbia, and Notary Public “with .seal. ,, Drawing of and Probating f’apers “a specialty.” Dr. B. H. Teague, Dentist. OFFICE ON Richland Avenue, Aiken, S. 0. Li. J. H. Burnett, DefltisL Wright’s Hotel! S. L. WRIGHT & SON, Prop’rs., COLUMBIA, S. C. T ABLE supplied with the BEST. Rooni£ large and well furnished. SSTRatcs reasonable. Oraniteville Hotel. MRS. N. E. SENN, Proprietress. Table furnished with the best, and driving parties from Aiken furnished with lunch at short notice. Private Boarding. Most comfortable accommodations can be bad in the healthiest section of Aiken, at $S and $10 per week. In quire at this office. -OFFICE Graniteville, Aiken County, S. 0. Dr. J. R. Smith, Dentist. -OFFICE AT- Williston, Barnwell County, S. 0. Will attend calls to the country. THE Georgia Chemical Works. Manufacturers of all kinds of Fertili zers. M. C. STOVALL, Secretary and Treasurer, Augusta, Ga. Old Pictures Copied and Enlarged. Private Board!! C0LMBIA, S. C. -AT THE- “FAIR BUILDING,” No. 1« Plain Street, just east of the Central ational Bank. Permanent and Transient Boarders accommodated. Terms given by the week, month or day. Good rooms, good table and prompt attention. Mrs. WINTHROP WILLIAMS, P. O. Box 137. W. A. RECKLING COLUMBIA, S. C. P ICTURES sent can lie enlarged to any size, and will be returned for inspection. If unsatisfuctojy no charge. Correspondence solicited. J. A. Wright, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER. At the Old Post Office on Richland Avenue. The best of material used, and any tyle of boot or shoe made to order. AH England fu a Fever of Excitement —The Ministry Responsible for the Disaster. London, February 5, 10 a. m.—In telligence is just received here that Khartoum has been captured by the Arabian rebels. The whereabouts of Gelje Gordon is unknown. He is prob ably a prisoner in the hands of thg victors. The Daily Chronicle says a bdegram was received at the war office last night from Gen. Wolseley announcing the fall of Khartoum. London, February 5, 10:15 a. m.— General Wolseley telegraphs that Khartoum has fallen. He says that when Col. Wilson, who went from Metemneh to Khartoum, arrived at the latter place he found it in the hands of the rebels. He returned to Metemneh under a heavy fire from both banks of the river. 10:30 a.m.—The Telegraph, on offi cial authority, confirms the report of the fall of Khartoum. It says the rebels secured the city by treachery. Gen. Gordon is probably a prisoner in the bands of the victors. London, February 5, 12:30 p. in.— War office has issued the following: Telegrams from Gen. Wolsely an nounce that the fall of Khartoum took place January 26. He says Col. Wil son arrived at Khartoum on January 18th, and was greatly surprised to find that the enemy were in possession of that place. He immediately started on his return down the river and pro ceeded under a heavy fire from the re- | gauntlet of a bels. When some miles below Shubla- ka cataract Colonel Wilson’s steamers were wrecked, but be and his whole larty managed to reach an island in safety, where they are secure. A steamer lias gone to bring them to the British camp, near -Metemneh. Gen eral Wolseley says he has no informa tion regarding the fate of General Gordon, and does not know whether he is dead or alive. London, February 5, 2p. m.—There is no longer any doubt but that the Mahdi holds possession of the town of Khartoum. Some hopes are enter tained that Gen. Gordon may still be holding out in the citadel at the town. Meanwhile the excitement in Lon don and everywhere in the British Isles where the news is known has risen to fever heat. Clubs and public re sorts of every description are thronged with crowds of people eager to catcii the last syllable of intelligence from the distant Egyptian desert. Through Firrrtiicrsu amrnn? almost lmpo?EU~ in hastening to the rescue of the gar rison at Khartoum. The resiionsi- bility rests solely with the ministers who refused to allow the Nile expe dition to start, in spite of warnings and entreaties, until it was too late. The vote of Parliament in favor of the appropriation of $300,000 for the relief of Gen. Gordon was deferred until August 5th. Even then, if the expedition had been sanctioned forth with, a previous day would have been gained, but it was not sanctioned un til August 12, when the government finally resolved that it must relieve Gen. Gordon. That period of hesita tion sacrificed Khartoum. Islam is now victorious. Revolt and the fall of Khartoum will permeate the arch of the world, and unless the ministry display boldness and wariness equal to their former dilatoriness a catastro- phe worse than that'of Khartoum will follow. England dare not fiy be fore the eastern foe. It would mean war and mutiny from one end of Asia to the other. She must reinforce her garrisons everywhere, fbcluding In dia, even if it shall be necessary to call for volunteers to do the work. General Earle must advance rapidly to Berber and Metemneh. The Sua kim garrison must be reinforced, and the road to Berber cleared. Every nerve must be strained to prove that the Khartoum disaster has stiffened the resolution to hold England’s flag aloft lu the face of every foe. Our duty is not to flinch, but to prepare for eventualities and to relieve Me- temneh by water. We have failed to save Gordon; we must now save Stewart. London, Feb. 5.—When Colonel Wilson’s flotilla approached Khar toum it was compelled to run the heavy fire from both banks. The rebels had four Krupp guns on the river banks at Halfujeh to bombard the steames with. When the British forces reached Omdur- man, numbers of rebels continued the fusilade. Things looked worse when it was diseoved that the enemy was in po» 'ssion of the island of Tutti, just outside the city. The En glish still pushed ahead, but were dismayed to find that the garrison commenced firing upon them. No flags were flying from the public buildings, and the town seemed to be in undisputed possession of the en emy. The palace seemed to have been gutted. Finding it impossible to land in the face of overwhelming numbers of rebels, the British were obliged to retire. ROSSfl SII0T iJV A WOMAN. E^T the history of the fair assassin, j many committee, to meet them. A Mrs. Dudley, who shot Rossn, aj>- big reception was given them two days AGR SENSATION CREATED IX NEW YORK. The Judg^ and the Farmer. “Anecdotes,” says John Brown, in “Spare Hours,” “if true and alive, are always valuable.” Here is one both true and alive: On a bright Sunday morning, by the side of a country road, running along the Hudson, not many miles from New York, two men stood talk ing together. One was a judge of high social standing ^nd legal distinc tion, the other a stone-mason. Thojr conversation was about the building of of General Stewart’s successful arrival I a new wall near the place where they in the neighborhood of Metemneh were standing, to consult about which was received has given way to univer- the judge had sent for the mason on sal depression, and expressions of j this Sunday morning, dismay and forebodings come from al- Just coming into sight as he trudged most everbody. It is too early to esti-| »l°Dg the road on his way to church The Fait Assassin a Handsome and Accomplished English Hospital Nurse ..Emotionally Mad on the Dy namite Question. New ‘York, Feb. 2.—O’Donovan Rossa v£is shot at twelve minutes past 5 rfelock this afternoon. He i still alixc. He was in front of the Stewart ^uilding, on Chambers street when helwas approached by a hand some ytiung lady dressed in plain clothes. .She wore spectacles and hat the appearance of an intellectua looking school teacher. She drew * five-barrelled revolver from her dress pocket at' i levelling it at him fired one shoi| Rossa threw his hands above his head ami cried: “I’m shot.” He then f 41 heavily to the sidewalk. The wfman fired the remaining bullets iirf her pistol at the prostrate man, and calmly and unconcernedly walked ofi with the smoking revolver She was followed by’ a ble to make ones way so crowded are these thoroughfares w r ith throngs ofj curious and excited citizens. Most people take a gloomy view of the po sition of the British troops in the Soudan. The jubilant gladness which lias characterized England in regard to Evgpt ever since the welcome news HEADACHES TO- V CORMAMS Art Gallery! 112 Broad St. - - Augusta, Ga- Fortfce finest work in all branches of I E irtralturc, copying and enlarging in rayottJj’astel, Ooil or Photograph. Frames in great variety. Each pic ture a work of art. WEntr auce to Gallery near Con-! federate Monument. ——£ Are generally induced by Indigestion, Foul Stomach, Costiveness, Deficient Circulation, or some Derangement of the Diver and Digestive System, Sufferers will find relief by the use of Ayer’s Pills to stimulate the stomach and produce a regu lar daily movement of the bowels. By their action on these organs, Ayer’s Pills divert the blood from the brain, and relieve and cure all forms of Congestive and Nervous Headache, Bilious Headache, and Sick Headache; and by keeping the bowels free, and preserving the system in a healthful condition, they insure immunity from future attacks. Try Ayer’s Pills. PREPARED BT Dr. J.C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mats* Sold by all Druggists. _ DO YOU KNOW THAT LORILLARD’S CLIMAX PLUG TOBACCO with Rod Tin Tag: Rose Deaf Fine Cut Chewing; Navy Clippings, anti Black, i Brown ami Yellow Smiths are the best and cheapest, quality considered ? CYCLONE INSURANCE. fYTHE Home Insurance Company of: JL New York issues policies for Cormiek’s Barber Shop. J HAVE opened my shop on south _ side of Curve Street," first door r damages by Cyclones or "Hurricane* I from the corner of Main and Curve and Storms. | streets. Shaving, For information and rates enquire mate the influence of the news on the political situation. The war office is besieged with army officers tendering their services for active duty in the Soudan. Numerous telegrams are being received from officers through out the country' asking for assign ments to recue the expedition should the government conclude to take such action. The capture of Khartoum has created grave fears, especially in army circles, for the safety of Gen. Stewart and his army. A number of military officers of repute even ex press the opinion that unless reinforce ments are hurried forward to Korti, the fall of Khartoum may lead to dis asters to the forces under Lord Wolse- lev and General Earle. A cabinet council has been summoned to meet at once. Gladstone is fearfully disturb ed by the news, and some people be lieve he will resign. London, February 5.—The native reports are that the Mahdi hud 60,000 men in the vicinity of Khartoum and that he introduced a number of his emissaries into the city. These emis saries mingled freely with the native troops under Gordon and by bribes, threats and by working on their religious feelings induced them to mutiny. Seven thousand of the garri son deserted to the rebels, leaving Gor don with only 25,000 faithful soldiers. With tins small force he attempted to hold the city against the Mahdi’s great army, but after severe fighting, in which a large number of rebels were killed, he was compelled to surrender. London, February 5, 3 p. m.—The news of the downfall of Khartoum has created grave apprehension in re gard to the whole Egyptian problem among the members of the cabinet. Mr. Gladstone and Earle Granville started for London as soon as the news reached them. A cabinet council will be held this evening. The military authorities are of opinion that Gor don sent the greater part of his troops down the Nile to meet Stewart’s force and so depleted tiie garrison in the town and citadel of Khartoum that an attack by the enemy from Omdurmau was rendered much easier. The great- was a plain Scotch farmer, well known as a God-fearing, Sunday-keepiug, honest, hard working man, neither fearing nor asking favor of the great or rich, his chief ambition in life seemed to be to raise a large fami ly of children in the fear of God and honorably in the sight of men, which his example was well fitted to do. In the midst of an animated expla nation of what be w’anted in a new wall,tiie judge caughtsigiitofa farmer. Stopping suddenly, he said: “There comes David S—= ; it will never do to let him see us talking business on Sunday morning; we will just step be- hiud this bit of wall until he passes.” And the judge and the mason crouch ed down behind the wall until the plodding footsteps of the farmer echoed faintly in the distance, and the good man passed from sight, all un- consious of the silent reproof his ap pearance had caused; while the judge, with feelings, one would think, belit tling to bis manliness, crept from his hiding-place to continue his conscious and confessed desecration of the Lord’s day. The next morning the incident was related to the farmer by the mason, who was himself a Scotchman, though, unfortunately, not so consci entious as his friend. He told the story with some glee, adding: “Who wad a’ thot’ maun, that ye iiad sic a pooer in ye as to mak the judge hide behiut the wall for the fear ’o ye.” Is not this an illustration of the force and influence of a sincere Chris tian character, though devoid of adornments, in the world’s sight, of either position, wealth or learning. All these together could not resist the silent sermon of the good man’s life, which brought home to the haughty judge the conviction of his sin. in her hand. large cro^d, while a still larger mob surrounded the wounded dynamiter. City Marshal James McAuley, in the absence of a policeman, seizing the revolver in the woman’s hand arrest ed her. f'he was conducted to the Twenty-sixth Precinct Station-house in the City Hall. When sife was arraigned at the ser geant’s de.»k, her imperturbable grav ity and coolness of demeanor were remarkable. McAuley handed the revolver, a small calibre five-shooter, to the sergeant, and said he found the woman brandishing the weapon on the street. A citizen who entered the police station with ‘he prisoner said she had ju* t shot a man on Chambers street. « “Do you know' the man?” asked Sergeant Blass, turning to tiie woman. “Yes, I shot O’Donovan Rossa,’ said the p.lsoner, with a slight En glish accent. She looked very pretty as she stood at the bar, and betrayed no excite ment whatever. She gave her name as Y'eslet Dudley. Further questioning by the sergeant at the police station elicited the state ment that the woman was aged 25 years; that she was a nurse, and mar ried, and that she lived at No. 60 Clinton Place. She was asked why she shot O’Donovan, how long she had been in America, and other ques tions, to which she made no answer. After her “pedigree” had been taken she was escorted to a rear room and the crowd ‘ Jowly dispersed. As there were no accommodations for prisoners n the City Hall Station, Mrs. Dudley was reniQYW Da the Oak Street Sta- "tlon at 7.lI.Y>. in., and there placed in a cell. Her. entire demeanor was that of a rational person and a cool headed one at that. Rossa, after being shot, was able to rise ‘.o his feet and, with the assist ance of a man on each side, he walked to the Chambers street Hospital, about a quarter of mile; there it was found that only one shot had struck him; that was in the back and the bullet is lodged in the muscles about half an inch above the left shoulder-blade. The wound will not cause him much inconvenience. Rossa was placed on a cot in the same ward in which Captain Phelan lies, and within twenty-five feet of Phelan, who was nearly cut to pieces in Rossa’s office by Short. Tiie bullet struck Rossa below the shoulder-blade and ranged upward, ard is lodged in the muscles behind and above the shoulder-blade. Rossa is a large, muscular and fleshy man, and the doctors say no danger is to be apprehended from the wound. Shortly after the surgical examina tion the coroner was sent for and Rossa %nade his ante-mortem state ment. He was then moved to another ward. Capt. Phelan, Mho is still guarded by a policeman, when in formed of the particulars of the shoot ing, smiled grimly, but refused to say anything on the subject. Tiie office of the hospital was visited by a large number of Rossa’s friends to night. All were determined-looking plied for admission on January 22, at Mrs. Leggett’s Home for Unemployed Women, in Clinton Place. The ma tron admitted her, when she gave as reference a physician whom she said everybody kncM', and then she added, I am a professional ^urseand widow, and desire to stay here until I can secure an engagement.” In telling the story of her acquain tance •■with Mrs. Dudley matron Brown said: “She impressed me so very favora bly that I told her to remain in the house if she would room witli two other young ladies. This she con sented to do. Her only baggage was a valise, which she never unpacked because, as she one day remarked, sht might be called suddenly to attend some patient. She told me she had been married and had two children, but that her husband and children died abroad. Her father, she once rt marked, had been engaged in the British cavalry service. She had act ed as a trained nurse in London and Paris, and had diplomas from insti tutions of that kind, hut I never ex amined them, though she showed them to some young ladies in the house. She Mas an accomplished woman, and her manners and speech betokened a thorough-bred English woman of keen mind and bright per ceptions. She was an intensely pa triotic little lady and sarcastic and cutting when speaking of those who seem to he at M ar on her people. She was extremely near-sighted. In tell ing me of work abroad, she one day said that she much more enjoyed hos pital Mork abroad than the she had been doing here.” ROSSA’S EVENTFUL CAREER. A Grocery Alan, A Liquor Dealer, A Conspirator and An Editor. New York, February 4.—The career of O’Donovan Rossa has been a checkered one—a life of action from his early days in county Cork to his assumption of the leadership of the dynamite band in this city. His name is Jeremiah O’Donovon Rossa and he was called O’Donovan Rossa first to distinguish him from the other O'Donovan’s in his native land. The Rossa, or “rusty red,” is the clan ap- icllation of the clan from whose hieftain O’Donovan is said to be a ineal descendant. His father was a small farmer in Ross Carbery, near Skibbereen, county Cork, where he M - as born in 1831. He studied in the national schools at Skibbereen, to M’hich his parents moved while he was boy. He was apprenticed, when about twelve years old, to a small gro- cer. and, having learned the business. later. In the fall Rossa, M’hohad been naturalized on his first trip to this country, come to the front us a candi date for the Senate, running in oppo sition to Tweed in the fourth district. He was nominated at a convention of tiie reform Democracy, held at the Vanderbilt house, corner of Hudson and Hurbert streets. Tweed’s “heel ers” rushed into the meeting and turn ed out the gas, but the reformers later succeeded in marking their nomina tiou. Rossa was defeated, however, receiving 6,335 votes; Miller, another candidate, got 2,240 and Tweed 19,148. Rossa’s life in this city, from this time, M as one of ebasige. He M as an agent fur Ihe White Star line, at No. 263 Broadway, for a time, and after ward was a clerk with the Guion and National lines. Collector Murphy got him a position as clerk in the custom house fora time. He afterward ran the Northern hotel, at Cortlandt and West streets, but lie failed in this. Ht tried selling liquor in Williamsburg, but the business did not suit him. About four years ago he started his paper, the United Irishman. It wms about this time the dynamite move ment began to flourish. Rossa, who had been conversant 'with the skir mishing fund, was a pet leader of tiie dynamiteurs. His life as an editor is well know, and the apostle of dyna mite has achieved wide notoriety. At his office m cre congregated leaders in the movement, and mysterious and dark schemes are supposed to have been batched out there. The last im portant event in this noted spot was the stabbing of Capt. Phelan. Rossa lias been married three times. By his first wife he had four children, one b3 r his second, and four by his present M ife, who lives M ith him in Duryea street, Brooklyn, eastern dis trict. Her maiden name was Mary J. Irwin, and she has considerable liter ary ability. While her husband M as in prison, she gave readings through Ireland and Scotland. Rossa is a much milder man than is generally sup posed. ALMANAC FOR THE WEEK. Soot for Chicken Cholera. About six years ago, writes Mr. F. J. Vandenbury, of Alexander county, N. C., to the Cotton Plant, I found out that soot M ould cure chicken cholera, and have never known it to fail in a single case. To one pint of soot add a est activity prevails at the M ar depart- I quart of boiling M’ater, and after let- meut. Many of the officials remained | ting it stand about two hours, pour off iug. Hair Cutting and of i \ S. OTT on duty all last night. London, February 5.—Gen. Wolse ley, in a private letter, say: “I have personally knoM*u only tM'o heroes in the course of my life. One M-as Gen eral Lee and the qther is General Gordon.” • ^ London, Feb. 5.—The Pall Mall Gazette, referring to the Khartoum calamity, says nobody can accuse our Shampooing executed by good M-ork-i ,, / men. j gallant troops oi losing a single mo- W. F. CORMICK. * incut in their fierce race against time the liquid. Then add one tablespoon- ful of pure blackberry wine; shake M-ell, and it is ready for use. Give the foM’l as much as it will drink. If too nearly dead to drink, drench it as you M'ould a sick horse, giving about tM'o spoonsful every two hours; frouf two to four doses M'ill be sufficient. As a preventive, the soot alone will- au- sM er by throwing a little in the trough which they driuk out of once or twice a week. men, and their talk boded no good to Rossa’s enemies. Mrs. Dudley discarded herglasse to night, and some of Rossa’s friends assert that they were merely worn a disguise. She refused to talk to anybody. rossa’s statement. O’Donovan Rossa made the follow ing statement to Coroner Kennedy: “On Saturday, January 31, about 4 i. m., I received a letter ai my office, No. 12 Chambers street. The message M-as in writing, and M as delivered by a message boy. The note stated that a ady wished to see me,that she was in terested in the Irish cause and desired to assist it. She didn’t care to go to my office and remain waiting there till I came. She only would ask for ten minutes’time, The boy told me the lady M-as at the telegraph office in tiie Stewart building, corner of Broad way and Chambers .street. I went M’ithhimand I met her. I told her it M’ould be M'ell to go to some hotel, as the telegraph office was no place to talk in. We came.out and went to Sweeney’s Hotel. We went into the ladies’ parlor and she said she M ould be able to give considerable money if anything good was done. She then said she M ould call on Monday, Feb ruary 2, at 4 o’clock. To-day she sent another message to my office and I M ent to the same telegraph office, and there I met the lady. She showed me a paper which I was to sign. She then suggested that we go to some place. We walked down Chambers street toward Broadway, and M-e got a short distance toM-ard Broadway, when the M’oman stepped back and fired tM'o or three shots at me. One of the balls entered my back. Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa. he started a little stand of his own. Rossa at this time obtained the posi tion of relieving officer, a position which required him to make distribu tions to the poor, and it M-as charged against him that he did not do this justly. Tn 1856 a society M-as started in Skibbereen called the Phoenix society. It was simply an open organization in which Irish literature and politics were discussed. Rossa joined it, and not long after James Stephens M'ent over from this country organizing fen- iau societies in Ireland. He was known as the chief organizer, or the head centre. These societies were organ ized as the “I. R. Bs.” [Irish Revolu tionary Brotherhood.] Stephens M-ent doM ii to Skibbereen and turned the Phoenix society into a fenian organ ization. The society spread all over counties Cork and Kerry, and Rossa became a leader among them very soon. In 1858 the leaders in the socie ty M-ere arrested, Rossa among them, and their trials excited great interest. Lord O’Hagan, w-ho has just died, de fended the feniaus. Only one was con victed, however, as a change of min istry came in who M ished to become popular, and the prisoners M-ere re leased. Rossa re-opened his store in Skibbereen,.but he M as not successful. In fact, all his business ventures have been failures. In 1802 Rossa made his first visit to this country and started a liquor store near the site of Sweeney’s hotel, on Chatham street. This proving a fail ure he M-ent to Ireland, resuming busi ness at his old home. He became connected Mith a fenian organ, the Irish People, published in Dublin, and M as made its business manager. On September J5, 1805, the paper M-as seized and Ros<a and tiie editors Mere thrown into prison. Then began that series of remarkable trials ending in the execution of three men at Man chester. Rossa insisted on defending himself, reading files of his paper in trial. Judge Kthogh was on the bench, and Rossa read all his fiery in vectives against this great advocate. As a rcstiic lie was sentenced to im prisonment for life. Rossa M-as taken to the.prison at Portland, u here lie mus in hot Muter nearly all the time. He complained of his food and of his treatment. He also sent out letters surreptitiously, ami for thi« and other acts of insub ordination was punished at Milbank prison, M-here he M-as also taken at one time; his hands M'ere tied behind his back for 35 days. He received this punishment for throwing water into a prison governor’s face. During his first years in prison he M'ould not work, but M'hen the governors stopped punishing him he became milder, and M'orked at darning stockings. He m-us finally liberated in 1870, a result of the amnesty meetings. Rossa then made up his mind to come to this city with the four M'ell- kuoM'n fenians, Charles \V. O’Donnel, John Devoy, John McClure and Hen ry Milieda. Great preparations were made to receive them. When they arrived here on the Cuba, on January 20, 1871, two steam launches w*nt down the bay, o*e manned by Collec tor Murphy and the other by a Tam- RICHEST IN THE UNION. South Carolina’s Claim to the High Rank. From the Columbia Register. Let us see how Col. McClure’s esti mate of South Carolina’s progress, to begin with, is M’arranted by the facts. Taking our banking capital, M'e have about a fourth of M-liat we had before the war. To offset this, m o have some 600 miles of railroad in excess of what M-e had before. This, at an aver age of $15,000 per mile for road and equipment, amounts to $9,000,000. This alone meets the whole shrinkage frr fcanf.hig l a pf i! a fail mite t u m i g establishments of all kinds, the capi tal employed in South Carolina in 1800 Mas $6,909,000, in 1880 $11,- 200,000, in 1884 $15,700,000, in 1885 $17,- 000,000. We thus see to-da3 T a gain of some $10,000,000 on the ante-bellum period. Our agricultural product stands 700,- 000 bales of cotton (400 pounds,) aver age for the present period, against 350,000 in 1860. Our grain product in ’82-83 in Indian corn and small grain M'as some 28,000,000 bushels, against 17,000,000 in 1860. Our rice and sea island crops have sunk about an aver age of 30 per cent, on ante-bellum averages. The llesh crop has been necessarily much reduced, owing to the years of revolution and confusion encountered since the war, along with the great destruction suffered in all kind of live stock during the M'ar. Nevertheless, at no time in the history of the State has there been so much interest and enterprise in the improvement of stock in all parts of the State. So that to-day we have stock of the very best strains in nearly all sections of the State, and more care is being de voted to this branch of agricultural industry than ever before knoM-n in the history of the State. It is no idle word then of Cr>l. Mc Clure when he speaks of the progress made by South Carolina in the last eight years. Now, as to the superi »i’ity of re sources assigned us, there is this to be said: During the colonial period the British Government ahvays held South Carolina as the favored colony of all. Just before the M-ar El Mood Fisher astonished the Nortli and our om'u statesmen, uninformed then as iiom-, Mith the startling statement that South Carolina Mas the richest State in the Union in proportion to her population. When challenged to the proof he proved it beyond all ques tion. We u • not repeat after him iiom- the facts and figures which lie before us in the Federal statistics of I860. The carpet-bag Governor Cham berlain ahvays contended that South Carolina’s resources exceeded those of any other State in tiie Union. Taking tiie M’hole thing together, we may proudly point to our exposition at New Orleans. In cotton wo stand at the head of the list. In the grains M-e are second to none as to quality. We grow the best rice in the M’orld. Our sweet potatoes are as good as the world can afford. Our exposition in hay is astounding. We sIiom* four j kinds, Means grass, Burmtida, crab, pea-vine and milict, all shoM ing Hint South Carolina can’t he exceeded as a iuty producer. Our Mood exposition has taken everybody by surprise, com paring most favorably Mith that of California. We have the very best iron ore in the Union. Our mim-rul products are by no means insignifi cant. Our Mater poM-er, ail told, is the most abundant, never failing and the cheapest in tiie Union. It is no extraordinary claim for South Carolina to say that she can comfortably sustain five times her present population ami feed them all from her affluent bosom. Col. McClure is mistaken in saying that South Caro lina never fed her people from her own soil. She did do tliis before the Mar. For whilst she imported some food she exported more than she got beyond her borders. j DAYS. FEBRUARY. 8UN RISKS SUN SETS MOON R & S lOlTuesdav .. 7: Si 5:21 10: 5 11 (Wednesday *: * 6:22 11: 9 12|Thursday 7: 6 5:23 morn 13 Friday 7: 4 5:25 0: 8 14 Saturday 7: 3 5:26 1: 4 15 Sunday 7: 2 5:27 1:51 611 Monday’ 7: 1 6:58 2:69 Thoughts for February. W. L, Jones in Southern Cultivator. Preparation of compost heaps Is noM’ in order, if not already attended to. The longer these are put up lie- fore their contents are applied to the soil, the better. Much of the mate rial M-hich goes into composts must undergo decided changes before they furnish food to plants. Leaves, straw, corn cobs, corn stalk, cotton seed hulls, ete., must decompose from con tact with the more putrescible sub stances with M-hich they are mixed. Such things, by themselves, change very slowly, but the heat and chemi cal activity of a heap hurries them up—cooks or digests them, so to speak. All the materil at hand, horse, cow, pig and lot manure, should be well mixed together and with cotton seed and phosphate. A real good compost, for cotton especially, cannot be made M'ithoutphosphates; they should form the basis of every compost, because it is usually the first important sub stance that becomes exhausted in cultivated soils. Nitnigen is the next; it is usually very deficient in very old lands,such as have long been subjected to continuous cultivation. Cotton seed and manure from the barnyard and stables will supply it. As a rule, the other substances needed by plants will be supplied by the soil, but in some instances potash, as in kuinit, may be added to advan tage, especially on light soils; and in still rarer Instances, lime and mag nesia. We have so often given direc tions for the making up and treab* ment of compost heaps it is hardly necessary to repeat. It may not be amiss, however, to urge that the ma terials be put in pens about four feet high, and that they be thoroughly wetted and M’ell tramped.^ The larger the quantity of stable manure feed the greater the necessity for wetting aud tramping; these moderate the heat developed and prevent fire-fang- ing. Where much stable manure and cotton seed are in a compost heap it will be found necessary to wet them a second time, for the heat generated drives out the moisture rapidly. Drive ■cmibw end iut ffUBa" remain ten or fifteen mimites, and if upon withdrawal they are more than decidedly milk warm pour water In the holes made by thestobs. If there is no shelter upon the heap, the rain may keep it damp enough, but they should always be looked after from time to time. Fire-fangiug will drive ofl’ the nitrogen of the manure and cotton seed, am# should never be al- lOM’ed to occur. .Heavy, washing rains may be ex pected during the next two or three months, and measures to prevent damage thereby should be taken at once. Ditches ought to bo cleaned out, and temporary furrows run, to turn water from unplowed surfaces a May from those below which have been pbtlved. Incipient washes may be checked by running such tempo rary furrows M-ith a large plow just above their starting points, and by placing turf, brush, etc?, at intervals along them, especially’ at the lowest point where they empty into ditch or stream. If land is terraced, re build and strengthen wherever the terraces have given M'ay. Instruct ploM’men when running across washes to lift the plow and not loosen up the bottom of the wash; if loosened the dirt will be very sure to pass off with the next heavy’ rain. It is good prac tice to stop and clean off' the plow every time a M'ush is crossed. The ditching of bottom lands is often deferred till this and next month. Those who have not tried it are not aM-ure how much of this work it is possible to do with tiie plOM', especially in large ditches. A ditch six feet M ide should not be over Imo feet M-ide at bottom. Now, with good turn ploM', the larger the better, plow out a “land” six feet M-ide, repeat the plowing, throwing the dirt away from the center each time. Having done this us long as the plow can do any good, throM- out the loose dirt with shovels and run plow again in centrifl portion of the ditch. Alternate plowing and shov eling will complete a ditch M ith less labor than the usual style of ditching, and cun bo done M-ith tiie ordinary hired hands on a farm M'ithout the annoyance and expense of profession al ditchers. Narrow ditches can be started also with plows, buteauuotbe completed M-ith them. Everything that needs to be done, either in the way of betterments or preparation for summer crops, should be dispatched now, so that later there shall be no hindrance of any' kind to running of pIOMs, distributin the of pioM-s, uistruiuting manure, etc. These last mentioned operations are lor good reasons crowd ed into the months of March and April, and nothing should be in their way at that period. Some upland corn must of necessity be planted. The laud for it should be very deeply’ broken. Many of tho ce reals—to which family’ corn belongs— are shallow rooted; such is the case M-ith most of the small grains. But corn and the larger millets are deep rooted and need a deep root-bed. Corn constantly and successively puts out roots from joints higher und'high- er up its stalk, aud this indicates that dirt should be gradually thrown to it. To do this without throwing up high beds, which are objectionable for many reasons, corn ought to be plant ed in the water furrow or rather low beds. Htarting thus, dirt can- be thrown to it by successive workings, and finally the corn is left standing on a level surface. This Is desirable both to prevent excessive evaporation of moisture in drouth and to xeep the land from M'usl)h>g where it is hilljr. .4 ft , m X \y t U m U/i: • ■.