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THE FIGHT FOR PIE : Order of the President Makes a Big Commotion. WHOLESALE DISCHARGE OF EMPLOYES Removal of Heads of Departments in Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Taken as Notice That the Civil Service Law No Longer Counts. D. Lawrence in Greenville Piedmont. Washington, April 3.?A crisis has coime in the everlasting struggle between civil service and the "spoils sys It'll I. ? When Attorney General Daugjierty told the house committee on appropriations that he frankly favored filling government offices with political appointees under a Republican oj* Democratic administration as the case may be instead of with civil service employes and argued that the political selections were more efficient, very little significance was attached to his observations which were regarded for the moment as more or less academic. Now, however, the biggest sensation has developed in the government service since the days when a disappointed office-seeker assassinated President Garfield and gave rise to the civil ser- i vice system of today. Torn on every side by the demands of ' office-seekers who served the Republi- I can party in tiie 1920 campaign and who are eager to serve it even more | energetically in the congressional cam- | paign of 1922, President Harding has ; yielded at last to the importunities of I his political associates. The axe fell first on the heads of 25 bureau chiefs and subordinate officials | in the government's biggest establishment?the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, where the stamps, paper money and government bonds are made. Without a word of warning, without a chance to defend themselves, these officials many cf whom have been in the bureau since boyhood days, many of whom have never voted or affiliated with political parties, were cast adrift and under the law are Ineligible for government service again. The whole government personnel is 1 disturbed. Hints are given that the Internal Revenue sendee and the Customs service, the prohibition enforcement staff and other bureaus which like that of Engraving and Printing come under the treasury department, are to be the victims of a political, houso-cle&ning. Secretary Andrew Mellon loathes politics. He has declined to Interfere with what has seemed to him an efficient personnel. Mr. Harding couldn't persuade Mr. Mellon to take a deep interest in party patronage. So Elmer Dover, regional director for the Republican party on the Pacific coast, and one of the leading Republicans thc^ahtla Washington, consented *to betomfc' assistant secrr^taj*y of the treasury and has been conducting a relentless fight against Dem " ?f?ll ir* nffloo Tn thie Ha hn.Q thP. hearty sympathy' of the Republican members of congress who are not overly fond of Secretary Mellon anyway, first because of his difference with congress over taxation and, second, because of his pronounced opposition to the bonus bill. Commissioner Blair of the Internal Revenue, is already at odds with Mr. Dover over the matter' of appointment. It will be rememberi cd. that the internal revenue service practicully grew up under the Wilson administration due to the heavy work of tax collection and Mr. Blair is naturally unwilling to let go of experienced men when the responsibility for efficiency of the bureau is upon his shoulders. But it is the upheaval in the Bureau of Printing and Engraving which has for the moment focused everybody's attention on the drive being made to abolish the politically obnoxious phases of the civil service system. So far as is known President Harding's order summarily dismissing the 25 men in the Engraving bureau is unprecedented. Senator Caraway of Arkansas, MAY FILL CAI j?-? Giuseppe Argentine, who can w; songbird, was discovered working ii shown at liis ironing board, singing *?.??'? r'?v? . v i'vV says its plainly illegal and when it was ; pointed out to him that Mr. Harding i hhd not acted until Attorney ^General ' Daugherty had declared the step was within the president's authority, Mr. Caravvaj' said: "The attorney general is a political associate of the president and would probably tell him it was all right to I suspend the constitution if he desired ] to do so." Members of congress are curious to j know what led the president to dis I miss so many men 111 uic uui?u : Printing and Engraving and Mr. Caraway's resolution demanding an investigation will probably draw forth some 'further statements from tho adminis? ! tration. . "If anybody irt the government ser' vice has been guilty of inefficiency or i corruption, they should have been dls' missed," said Senator Caraway today, j "but no man ought to be deprived of , an honest living through secret inveB- J tigatlon and without being given an j opportunity to learn what the charges are against him and who his accusers are." The statutes have been brought into i the controversy for it is contended by j the Federal Employes Union that Mr. j Harding ignored a fundamental law. I'Here is the statute: "So person within the classified seri vice of the United States shall be reI moved therefrom except for such cause <is will promote the efficiency of said service and for reasons given in writing and. the person whose removal is sought shall have notice of the charges against him and be furnished with a copy thereof and also be allowed a reasonable time to answer the same in writing and to file affidavits In support thereof. The reason given publicly by the administration is inefficiency and the interest of the service. A test case may develop in the courts to discover what the rights of a government employe really are as against an executive order of the president. It is true (hat a presidential order supersedes most everything and that a chief executive has the right to appoint persons to positions inside the civil service without examination and he has the right to abolish jobs which were previously covered by civil service. The president's technical right to take steps at once?abolishing positions and appoint new men to vacancies by executive order is admitted by most of the government lawyers. liut there is considerable doubt as to whether a president has the right of removal without furnishing evidence of the charges existing against a government employe. If he has, the whole' civil service system, it is contended, rests wholely on the whim of a president. The tendency in congress has rccenuy Deen in me direction 01 aDoiishing civil service requirements wherever it was possible to do so. The postoffice laws have been changed so as to enable the government to choose any one of'utie first three who pass the examinations, thus permitting the president to ignore the highest man if lie is a Democrat or even a Republican without political influence, and the house of representatives has just authorized the appointment of 100 additional postoffice inspectors. In the last ten years not more than thirty-five have been asked for and the charge is made by the Democrats that the increased force of inspectors is to be used to hound Democratic postmasters and get rid of them on inefficiency evidence developed by the inspectors. The quarrel over the prohibition staff and civil service requirements is still at its height. Altogether the civil service system is fighting feebly for Its life. Bad Likeness.?The Man: "What became of that mirror I bought for my wife?" The Maid:?"The missus made me take it back, sir. She said it didn't do her justice." ?The chief weakness of reformers is their disposition to think everything enjoyable a little wicked. tuso's shoes arble two notes nigher than the late i a Brooklyn (N. Y.) laundry, He is ; while at work, . ' ; .f .<i.': * ft' *%*>'<?&*-' . ;.:V* ..\i V.'V '''V *' I >"V'. MUNICIPAL FINANCE. - t t (Contlilued From Page One.) town had jumped to more thajn $40,000 Another financial crisis was inevita mi it cajne in 1807. In. this yeai a direct mortgage was put on the towr hall, the loan being for $30,000 at foui per cent. This brought up the bonded debt of the town to $92,000In the quarter of a century that had passed since 1872, Wallingford had no1 been able to afford a single' new public edifice. It was still staggering under the accumulating burden of debt Incurred in the building of its now antiquated town hall back in 1869. Its population had increased in that tim< from 3,500 to 8,000. It needed schools and public improvements. Smaller communities round about had long since outstripped it in wealth and [ progress. ! The secret of Wallingford's backwardness and poverty lay in the facl ' that in 25 years it had paid out $98,684 in interest, without having reduced its old debts. Still the old policy of bor; rowing money to pay its way was continued. The selectmen had awakened to the sense 01 11s uuugcis, uui were helpless. The taxpayers fought as they had fought since 1872, against ^n Increase In the tax rate. In 1900, the assets of the town were $46,770 against an Indebtedness of $95,29G, showing a balanoe against the town of $48,526. In 1913, the adverse balance was $49,150. In their report for 1909, the selectmen reproached the taxpayers In the following words: "As we told you in last year's report, the 10-mlll tax would not meet the expenses for the year 1909, and the treasurer's report will show the amount paid out over the cash receipts for the year." It was necessary once more to fund the town's floating debt into a fixed interest-bearing bond issue, to the amount of $45,000. And In 1912, another bond issue of $40,000 was put out, making the bonded indebtedness of the town $147,000. The awakening came to Walllngford in 1914, with a widespread realization that something was radically wrong with the town management. The smoldering discontent broke out into open reproaches at the town meeting that year. One resident gained the floor and told the blunt trpth. He was armed with figures. He pointed out that the town notv had a population of approximately 11,000 and that the grand list (assessed vtuuauuu/ ?-kproximated 58,000,000 to 58,000,000 and yet no large public improvements had been made possible because of the shape of the town's finances. The school sysitem was deplorable and all public facilities were inadequate. The town hall, he said, was the town's Frankenstein creation. It had eaten up the resources of the community. And that was because no sinking fund had been adopted to pay off the old obligations. And he called.attention to the fact that since the $30',000 mortgage had been placed on the town hall back in 1897, not one dollar of that debt had ever been paid off. These criticisms, made in open meeting, shocked the townsfolk. The truth was unpleasant to hear. Timid, and conservative residents protested that if such talk were to gain headway, the credit of Wallingford would be destroyed. The story would get into the newspapers, and the town wouldn't be able to borrow another dollar in the state of Connecticut. Care was taken that nothing said at this meeting got into the papers. But the words had had their effect. The report of the selectmen for 1915 contained a frank warning and announced constructive action. They said: "The treasurer's report will show the town's indebtedness; it will also show that we have $00,000 outstanding temporary loans in notes, which is $10,000 more than last year. Two bonds have been paid off that came due last year. One thousand dollars was paid on the old town hall bond series of 1897, the first payment ever made on me luwa 11u.11. In fact, the situation of the town's finances in 1915, showed Wallingford to be in a parlous state. The indebtedness of the town was $203,000,' While the assets figured up to only $120,453, leaving a balance of debt indicated as $82,547. The iniferest paid that year aggregated $8,064. And there were $60,000 in notes outstanding. During all these years, the loans made by the town had been contracted with the First National Bank and the Dime Savings Bank, both of Wallingford, and, quite maturaljy, these two institutions had prospered exceedingly. Sinking funds were now established in the Dime Savings Bank for the gradual liquidation of two of the old bond issues. But it was not easy to stop the debt accumulations that had been rolling up so lustily for the last 44 years. In 1916, the selectmen complained that they now had outstanding a temporary loan in notes of $70,000, which was $10,000 more than the year previous, and that it had been found necessary to borrow more money to meet the current expenditures. But the town had awakened to its needs. It boldly contracted a loan of $250,000, bought land and laid plans lor the construction of a large new high school, the need for which had been bitterly felt for a long while. Two years later, $80,000 additional was borrowed for school purposes. In 191D, Wallingford paid out in interest and coupons, the sum of $20,123. Its indebtedness was $470,930, against assets of $383,745. But the townsfolk now began a heroic struggle to wipe out the annual adverse balance. A general revaluation of proper ties had been set in force. In 1920, for the first time In 49 years, V -v., v V-*. "* S ' v . ir<- "V 1 the town Showed a'balan'ce over its Indebtedness. In 1921 'this favorable showing was continued, although the town still has outstanding in note? a . sum of '$50,000, which it will be com* * pelled to fund by a bond issu? in the * current year. i Wallingford is being rejuvenated. .It * is paying off its debts. The select" I' men, in their report for 1921, describe ' how this result is being accomplished. I They say: , ^ t "The original issue of bond serieB : 11899, was $60,000, of which $44,000 has ? Kaaw tiol/1 CO AAA rtoM r.o dVv voor wccii i^aiu, ^,vuv ucilift paiu vav.ii j vw. "A sinking fund Is being created by depositing in thd Dime Savings Bank i $1,000 each year, to retire bond issue of s 1012, at the rate of Ave bonds every i five years, as per town vote. . i. "Original issue of bonds,.series 1916, ! was $250,000, of which $40,000' has been L paid, $10,000 being paid each year, as per town vote." > . It is a slow process to get rid, of old : debts. Wallingford, emerging from its i years of bondage, and beginning to i breathe freely for the first timeviti^ neveruutjcaa, suinewnai sutsgervu ?? it looks back and reviews the cost of its I borrowings for the half century. Walllngford today boasts of somo , fine public structures, but, with one : exception, none of them was built by the town. It has a handsome library, > but thisWas the private donation of a public-spirited citizen, who endowed it ! at a cost of J45,OO0. It has a new s armory, but this was put up by the state at a cost of about 5100,000. J It l has a post office, but this was built by the Federal government, with, an expenditure*^! 595,000. , Wallingford had, placed a 530,000 mortgage on\tts old town hall ill 1897, and. the entirXissue of bonds is still outstanding tofc&y. The principal, i with Interest compounded since 1897,, foots up to a bill 579,979. In other, 1 words, in a quarter pf a century, this I antiquated and obsolete structure, now falling into decay, has cost Walllog, ford nearly twiqe its ordinal expenditure. i Walllngford originally borrowed 540,000 for building Its town hall back in 1 fisn ...i?k > 1016. 1 lie ui lglUU-l Utr U I, YV1 HI . ill Ctrl CD L comjK>unded for half a\ century, amounts to the sum of $295,1^8. That is, the debt oh the to\yn hall compounded, would havfi pdid for erecting: the post office anrt the large ! hew high school. In the 69 years, all i told, from 1872 to 1922, Wallingford's inhabitants slowly grew In number from 3,500 to 13,000. During that ! period, this small population paid out in interest on its borrowings for tyvrn purposes, the sum of 3321,916. This enormous interest biuUdn, not only t a dead waste but a hahdicap, could hava paid for the expehBe of building the state armory, the Federal post oMcc and the Simpson library, with a good balance left over. . Had the citizens of Walllngford annually deposited the interest paid on town loans since 1872, In one Of the banks in their town,' that institution Would have paid them compound interest on their deposits. And th^ .Interest paid out on the' town. Joans for halt a century, if thus deposited, would 4>p,ve mounted "up to the enormous sum "ifeoday of 3728,868. \ This example also may be demonstrated as follows: ? V Cost of the central school dfstrlfct, land, buildlngrs and contents, $336,000; cost of the new high school, $290,008; cost of the new armory, $100,000; cost; of the new post office, $95,600; total] cost of all the tfcwn's new improvements, $731,000. Interest tvaid on town loans for half a century, compounded, $728,868; balance, $2,132. All of which goes to show that the Interest paid on Wallingford's debts which was money thrown away, would, havfe been sufficient within some $2,000 to have paid for nearly all the fine l modern public buildings which now grace the town, including all of its schoolhouses, lands and buildinga All debts grow from small 'beginnings. In its early years, had Wallingford chosen to pay its way without borrowing"?which it might easily have done by slightly increasing its tax rate and establishing a sinking fund?its future destiny would have ' been; altered. Wallingford's experience is an eloquent example for other community not to follow. Its lesson is easily perceived, especially when contrasted with the fallacious theories of financiers, ! ^ v r w v *w m ? nftmmn' 11 YOKRVlLLt lUlTOi j | Millers, Ginners, Manufa Meal and Hulls, and He; BARGAIN ! Until March. 6th we wLU of 7 per cent MeaMor FIGURES 11 Egg Jellico Block Jellico ^ ] Blue Gem Jellico !; Prompt attention given t< ij YORKVILLE COTTO 11 wwwwwwwwwwwwwi .irt.-.lw ' x*1 t" =, *'; . * SEAT OF GOVERNMENT Contro^ of the Air Will Moan Control of the World. When, the Wright brothers invented a flying machine heavier than air they b?gan what may turn out to be the profoundest change In government. .For the fundamental business of government is policing. Its first duty Is to keep the peace. And .hose who hcvo control of the air will eventually have control of the earth. This has been illustrated recently iA Egypt. Here is a vast territory very sparsely settled which owes Its prosperity and order to-the presence of the British government On account of scattered population brigandage is easy and it is very difficult to move li ,11.. An ?kA puiitenren an ruyiuiy uo n;iUfi tioops of robbers. In 1919 a rising occurred in which ^railway and telegraph connections were cut and in which the isqlation of the police garrisons were threatened. By utilizing airplanes, however, a complete network of aerial mall service was put in operation and ran successfully for several weeks. Airplanes after this continued to perform important ccrVice. They made continual patrols along the ' railway lines to locate d&mago and protect repair gangs, to escort trains, and prevent further destruction. , i A similar protection was accorded the Suez-Canal. A flying officer of the Egyptlon forces tells of an Incident at Beni Seuf, oath of Cairo, where a number of British women with a handful of Indian soldiers were completely cut off .and threatened by a horde of fanatical natives. Troops could only reach the spot by river ahd would have arrived too late. A flying boat was despatched and, having dispersed the mob with bcmb=, l-^ed and supplied the Indians with sufficient LewlB guns and ammunition to hold out until relief arrived. r r An amusing and bloodless victory was gained by a seaplane on a lake near the Damietta at the mouth of the Nile. An attempt was made to interfere with the steamers running between Port Said and Damietta. The seaplane arrived and, spotting the s . . who have loaded heavy Interest burdens upon the American public. Those theories were never bom on American soil, and the future may yet demonstrate that there Is no need of a parasitic class to prey upon the public and devour the fruits of Its efforts. ESTATE AGENCY , FOB SALE wtj r 97 Acres?New 4 room dwelling; 3 room tenant house; fine orchard and pasture, near ^Charlotte road, six miles from courthouse. ^ Fjve Room House?On Wright avenye; lot $0x270; water, lights and sewerage. r> Fifty Acre Tract?Near New Zion Church and school; three-room house and barn; lot of good saw timber. h . Fifty Acre Tract?Near New Zion Cbtirch and school. 1" J Residence Phone 111 and Office Phone 74. j C. P. S HE RER I THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA ' County of York. IN THE PROBATE COURT By J. L. Houston, Esquire, Probate j Judge of York County. WHEREAS GEORGE THOMASSON j *T has applied to me for Letters of Administration, on all and singular, the goods and chattels, rights and credits of ALFRED WILKS, late of the County aforesaid, deceased, These are, therefore, to cite and admonish all and singular the kindred and creditors of the said deceased to be and appear before me at our next Probate Court for the said County, to be holderrat York Court House on the 14TH DAY OF APRIL, to shew cause, if any, why the said Administration Should not be granted. Given under my hand and seal, this 28th day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-two, and in the-146th L year of American Independence. (Seal). J. L. HOUSTON, Probate Judge of York County. 26 f 2t N OIL COMPANY I ,cturers of Cotton Seed J > alers In Coal, Ice, Etc. IN MEAL j j I give you 2,200 pounds 11 One Ton of Sound Seed, j \ IN COAL - $7.50 Per Ton. $8.50 Per Ton $9.50 Per Ton j! o all orders. N On. COMPANY ill / I V. ' > ; >. ... ii . ? ...? *} L V :> '- V" ' " .' crowd of native boats surrounding the | steamers, alighted on the water and ; proceeded to taxi at full speed in their direction, firing red lights the while. The native boats fled in all directions. All this calls attention to the main point in disarmament. We are never going to arrive at any kind of disarmament that will prevent war between nations until we cease to prepare nations to fight each other and until we reduce all armament to the point where !t shall be useful only for keeping the peace within the nation. In other words, armament should not be against other nations, but against breakers of the. peace. The only sane purpose of arms is to maintain order. And the only guaranty the world shall have of peace is when there is one order in the world, and all the armea xarcc is put uuucr us wuuui. Perhaps, after all, It may be the new machine, the aircraft, which will bring about the new order, which is world government.?Dr. Frank Crane. REAL ESTATE $$$$$ If You UP Want Them, See uui SOME OF MY OFFER1NG8: . . j, . Five Room Residence?On Charlotte street,' In the town of York, on large lot I will sell you this property for less than you can build the' house Better act at ones. McLsin Property?On Charlotte St. in the town of York. This property lies between Neely Cannon and Lockmore mills, and Is a valuable piece of property. Will sell It either as a whole or In lots. Here Is an opportunity to make some money. 90 Acres at Brsttonevllls?Property of Estate 'Of Mrs- Agnes Harris. Will give a real bargain here. Loans arranged on farming lands. GEO. W. WILLIAMS REAL ESTATE FOR FINE FURNITURE V*-- - i \ Come to the OLD RELIABLE FURNITURE STORE. M. L. FORD & SONS UNDERTAKERS AND EMBALMER3 CLOVER, ft. C. IIIIIIUIIU1UIUI1IIUIU1UIIIUHIIIIIIIIUIIIH I CATHOLIC BOOKS I 5 -; U: 1 *1 2 SENT FREE ON APPLICATION. 2 2 S = GET YOUR INFORMATION E FIRST HAND. B' -flk 1 s 5 QUESTIONS ANSWERED BY ? 2 MAIL. 2 i ? 3 WRITE TO S | REV. W. A. TOBIN Saint Anne'a Church ROCK HILL, S. C. TiiiiiimiiiimMimiiimMimmiiiiimimff .. pDURIN G..1922? , HERE'S HOPING that everybody in York county will have a year of great prosperity and be enabled to largely overcome the shortcomings of the year Just gope. It could have been worse? this year can be much better?Let's Go. Whatever your needs may be la first class Livestock?Mules. Mares or good Horses we believe we will be able to supply that need. JAMES BROTHERS Mr Mi (tai.? . Jap? See, Phone or Write to THOS. C. O'FARRELL FOR High Grade Monuments In Marble and Granite Plant on East Liberty Street, Adjoining Rose Hill Cemetery. y-., i'i i>tv. DO YOUR EYES ' ? NEED ATTENTION? 1 kH KM Do You H^vo Eyo-Strain Head M aches? ' '$ Williams' Scientific 1 System of Fitting J Means a!l that is Best in Eye- K Examination with Quality InB material and 8kiH in work-B manship. . B Broken Lontct Duplicated, M Examination* Made By H-. Appointment. . ,j I ^ ^ Hampton Street $ I ROCK HILL, - - 0. C. InHanUBBBii 1*1.1111111.11 WJJJ * I.1IJ11 ill mil .ws. ' Nlftf"* !*?-"> frf* *??) tTllt" It* ** Hhuuat W. M. Brnn Palmetto Monument Co. YORK, - - 8. Q. Why Pay an Agent Profit? We know that the Agent haa to llye^ but let th6 other fellow keep him up. Pea! Direct with the * PALMETTO MONUMENT CO., York, S. C.f Phone No. 121. If you wish us to call we will be glad to have one of our flrm call on Ton. We do not travel agents. We can and wiH do your work at aa Low a Price and aa Good In Quality aa any one in the business. Try Us, is *H that we ask. You be the Judge. , PALMETTO MONUMENT CO. "Honor Them With a Monument." Phone 121 YORK, 8. C. < ' I ^ * ' J.C.1LR0RN& I MONEY TO LOAN" 821-2 Acraa-rln town ot Tlrzata. A beautiful . 2-story 8Troom housej two barns. One !?'? new barn. Very productive lapd; good orchard. An Ideal home. 40 Acres?Ten acres in timber; Joining landa of John Lindsay; 11-2 miles of Delphos. The property of Mrs. Minnie Mopre. Price, $1,000.00. 4 twit 4-poam Residences?And one vacant lot, opposite- the Hawthorn Hill in Clover, property of Mr. E: B. Price. The lots tfre 66x330 feet.-- This is a fine property and is placed on the market for quick sale. Will sell separately or all together. I *" " '* 155 Acres?At New Zion Church and school. Nice live-room cottage; 30 acres "in cultivation; good orchard; 85 acres in timber. Much of this acreage Is in line saW timber?pine. Three < miles of railroad station. Price, $25.00 per Acre. For Quick Sale?House and lot on Lincoln Street, York; two stories, 8rooms. Known as the Bell House. Price. $4,200.00. ? ESTATE Typewriter Ribbone and Papers at The Enquirer Office. PROFESSIONAL QARD& J.S.BBICE Attorney At Law. * . . t . '\f *y Prompt Attention to all Legal Business of Whatever Nature. Office on Main Street in the Moore Building, First Floor, formerly occupied by S. E. Spencer. ^ J. A. Marion W. G. Flnlsy MARION AND FINLEY ATTORNEYS AT LAW Office opposite the Courthouse. Phono 126. YORK,8. C. DR. WM. M. KENNEDY ? DENTAL SURGEON ? Office on 8?cond Floor of ths Wylis Building. telephones: Office, 09; Residence, 169. YORK. 8. C. YORK FURNITURE CO. Undertakers ? Embalmers YORK, - 8, C. In All Its Branches?Motor Equipment. Prompt Service Day or Night- In Town or Country. ... JOHN R. HART ATTORNEY AND COUN8ELLOR AT LAW,. V Prompt and Careful Attention to All Business Undertaken* T'lephcne No. 69. YORK. 8. C. "ft ft " It BUILDER S SUPPLIES THAT IS OUR SOLE BUSINESS ?supplying the needs and demands of Contractors and Private Individuals with the Lumber, Mill Products, Brick, Cement, Paints, Oils, etc., that are used in constructing buildings or repairing buildings and other work that requires these materials. vve arc on tne juu every wormng aay. We have the plant necessary to handle all these needed and supply them on short notice. Wc solicit orders for all kinds of Mill Work?Doors, Sash, Blinds, Frames, Dressed Flooring, Ceiling, Siding, etc. We also Invite you to see us about Paints, Oils, Putty, etc. We assure you of prompt service and good materials at fair prices. I ftf AW IIIMBED VADn LiUUttll LUlflJLFLiiV lniU/