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? 4 * semh l l. m. qrist's 8on6, pubh.h.r^ % ^amilg jTetrspaper: j[or th$ groptotion nf The goliti^al, Social, Jgriniltuqal and <?ommei;rial Interests of the J3*opty TER^Z^?^pi^viNc?w5^ a ' ^ ,n ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK, S. C., l^'RIDAY, MARCH 17, 19*22. NO. 38 ??? s ? ' i ??: a T nWiir*-.:':3I VIEWS AND INTERVIEWS Brlel Local Paragraphs ol lore or . Less loterest. PICKED OP IT EKQD1KER REPORTERS I % Stories Concerning Folks and Things, Soma of Which You Know and Soma you Don't Know?Condensed For Quick Reading. Harry Neil's Job. "Thinking over the numerous possible individuals I have heard mentioned in connection with the trcasurerahip to be made vacant by the withdrawal of Harry Neil," said a courthouse loafer the other day, "I have been reminded of the remark the fellow made about the bull dog which had developed a habit of chasing the train. You know ' what that was don't you? Well, the fellow wanted to know what the bull dog was going to do with the train after he caught it. Of course there are some people who could handle that of? flee all right. The treasury will^ continue to do business after Neil quits, or we wtll be iu a bad fix indeed. But I'll tell you right now just anybody cannot handle this job." Office of Treasurer. "The man or woman who succeeds Harry Neil as treasurer of York county is not going to have a very easy time of it as he will find," said yesterday a gentleman who is pretty familiar with the alTairs of the county. "Back in the days of John L. Watson, Col. Andrew Jackson and T. C. Robertson the Job of treasurer was not a very heavy one. In the first place the aggregate amount of money handled was comparatively small and in the second place the treasurer did not even have to live in Yorkville; but came to the courthouse only two or three times a week. That was the. situation when the lato H. A. D. Neely went after the Job. "Mr. Neely was nominated the first Drimarv election that took place in the county in 1880?ten years before the adoption of the state wide primaries and he won principally on the promise that if elected he would move to Yorkville and keep the office open all the time. "He was elected and of course he -fulfilled his promise. The work was not 'especially heavy at flrBt except during- tax collecting time. He had very little to do during the greater part of the year except to look after the cashing of vouchers Issued by the , county commissioners. As time went on the work Increased steadily, but he managed to keep up with it by himself, except during tax collecting time, when he would generally get a little help. But it took long hours. Generally he was the first man in his office, and onen ne worKea uqui iaio ai nigni. There are those who say that his close affiliation and hard work hastened his death. "Harry Neil pot assistance from the beginning and he needed it. There was plenty of work to keep two men busy, especially until Harry got a good grasp of the business. But even then there was no let up for business continued to pile up until now it requires the constant attention of at least three experienced people to take care of it. With duties that have been put on by the last legislature, the probability is that more help will soon be needed, even under present conditions. And of course any new man, whoever he might be will need a great deal more help than Neil needs." Weather Station at Due West. Rev. J. L. Oates. on Tuesday return ed from Due West, where he had been conducting a series of services for the especial benefit of the college students. From all reports the meeting was quite satisfactory to all concerned and Dr. Oates was himself well pleased with it, as he was also with his week's stay among the Due West people. Discussing the incidents of the week with Views and Interviews, Dr. Oates had quite an interesting story to tell of an institution on the outskirts of Due West about which the general public knows little, and which, in a way was new to Dr. Gates. That is the government weather station, one like which there are only about half a dozen others in the countcy. XI IS Iiui it vci jr fAiri mi y c |f.aiu, said Dr. Oates; "but it is a very important one, more especially because of the scientific work that is being done there. The place is in charge of two scientists with about half a dozen assistants to do clerical work and physical labor. "The main station house is a small square structure, attached to its foundation by means of a pivot, so that it can be turned readily with the wind, and to a layman it would look like the principul occupation of those in charge is the flying of kites. They have several box kites there, the largest ap-! parently about 3 feet wide and nine j feet square, and the smaller ones perhaps two-thirds of that size. There is a small electric hoisting engine in the place?something like the donkey engine we see about heavy building operations, except it is used entirely for raising and lowering kites. The engine is equipped with a drum on which is wound many miles of fine wire and the wire is paid out as the kite ascends. The kites are thus made to attain a height of two or three miles, and equipped as they are with Instruments to measure the temperature, the velocity of tl?" wind, tl?e humidity of m the atmosphere and the altitude, they bring back full Information on all these points. , "One of the things that the observer In charge told me that was particularly interesting was that it has been determined of late years that there is really no nueh thine as what we commonly I call a 'northeast rain.' Such a rain is always cold you know; but as a matter of fact it does not come from the northeast; but from the southwest. If they send ,ip a kite into a northeast wind and it continues to mount two or three miles in the same direction you can look out for clear cold weather. But if after going' up a mile or two to the northeast, your kite suddenly changes about and begins to tug on your wires from the southwest, look out. You are going to hare a cold rain nrettv soon. It means that the warm wind above, not five hours from the gulf is striking over the cold currents from the northeast and the precipitation thus caused is chilled as it passes through the colder current below. "By the \v:?y the assistant in charge gave me a demonstration of the famous Ben Franklin experiment of bringing electricity from above, over the string of his kite. After telling me how it was done, he remarked that the electric meter showed that the current was rather strong to be received through the body; but he would try It anyway. He got a .pretty good jolt, I could easily see that and he did not mind telling me so. It would probably have put me out of business; but he seemea to suffer no inconvenience whatever." STATE INCOME TAX. Predicted That the Law Will B& Very Unpopular. i ? Well, the legislature has passed an income tax bill, and It has become a , lavr. In our opinion it is going to be i one of the most unpopular laws that , has ever been enacted, by the state of i South Carolina, and for more reasons than one, but it is law, the people have i nothing else to do but try as best they 1 can to obey it. This is what all law- i abiding citizens usually do, but that I does not prevent them from protesting, ] and in our opinion there will be more i protests against this measure than any 1 one that \ve have had ip a series of 1 years. I In the first place, the people who are | bearing already burdens far too heavy are the ones who will be most seriously : affected by it, and they did not want an i Income tax law of any kind. What they wanted is relief. And we do not think \ that others not affected by it were anxious to have such a law. It comes at a 1 time when it will be most unwelcome, t Just when people are struggling with ] making their federal incomo tax re- i turns, and scrambling to get money < sufficient to pay all or a portion of < this tax. Then, the tax is far too heavy. If 1 we are properly informed it calls for ' thirty-three and one-third per cent of f the amount paid the government. Ten < per cent would have been enough; i twenty-five out of reason, but the bill < as finally passed, is outrageous in this ( particular, and we predict that the people upon whom this burden has been i placed will be heard from in no uncer- , tain terms. i But, one of the worst features about f the whole business is that it is retroac- i tive, forcing people who have settled, i * ni 1 as iur as nicy were auic men poi ligations, and made provision for tiie i present year, to rearrange their bust- i ness and pay the state a debt which > they did not contemplate and which I they really do not owe. If our law- ( makers found themselves in such t straits, why did they stop with going t back for only one year? Why should < they not have called for taxes to be t paid for the past two, three or more I years? s We confess that wc are pur.zlcd over 1 the whole situation. Wc arc not vers- t ed in the law, and shall make no pretense as to the constitutionality of such < a law, but we should not be surprised s if there is not a test made to settle this i question. 1 Our legislature gave promise, at one i time, for relief from the burden of l heavy taxes, but it is evident that these t promises were not fulfilled.| The levy, we were assured, would not be over five mills, but it is now seven, which with the other taxes imposed is precious little relief. Of course, we do not know who is to blame, and we are not out to implicate any one member of our law-making body, but this is election year, and the people are just as sure to try to solve this problem as can be. They have been driven almost to desperation, and are no longer able to contain themselves. Our prediction is, we are going to have .a lively campaign in South Carolina this summer. The woods are going to be shelled from the mountains to the seaboard.?Anderson Daily Mail. ? The number of automobiles registered up to March 13, this year, was !>3Q eomnnred with 83.349 for the whole of 1921. and an aggregate of r..340 trucks, compared with 7,197 for the whole of 1921. During the month of February there was slightly over 52 miles of plans completed, but there are no figures yet on the survey work, as this was done at the expense of the counties. There were 38 miles of federal aid roads under construction and slightly over 11 miles surfaced. This work was retarded because of the inclement month. The expenditures for the month were $167,472, and federal aid totalled $102,519. Up to dnte, since the organization of the highway commission, $2,439,822 has heen received l.y the stato in federal aid. KING OF THE HOBOS Strange Story ot an Heir to Millions. JAMES EADS HOW*LIVES HIS CREED Unwilling to Um Money That he Did mot tarn, lie Maxes ma Living oy All Kinds of Odd Jobs and Refuses to be 8erved by Servants. You probably have seen items in the newspapers relative to James Eads How. of St. Louis, the "millionaire hobo," and have asked yourself questions about him and his peculiar ways. Is he really rich? Is he actually a hobo? Why does ho live such a strange life, when he might be enjoying all the advantages of a very wealthy man, with a solid and well-invested fortune7 The short answer is that How seems to get a lot of satisfaction out of being a hobo. And, if he gets satisfaction, what more is there for him to get? Furthermore, it is strictly his own affair. llflinn T nolra/1 . Vt I m q hniit It Via r#>. plied: "Read the Sermon on the Mount, and perhaps you will find the answer." To some of his comrades of the road How has said: "It sounds strange to me for a millionaire to say that he wants to die poor. I think it is much better for him to live poor." James Bads How is a grandson of Captain James Eads, railroad builder and international promoter, who first proposed the Nicaragua Canal, and later made a place for himself in history by building the Eads Bridge over the Mississippi river at St. Louis. James F. How married Eliza A. Eads, and to them two sons were born? James E. How and Louis How. In the course of time the estates of Captain Eads and Mr. How passed to Mrs. How, - - J #A?.fnnA nraa A? _ ttliu ill lid uca lli It id iunuuc n?o ??yided between the boys. Nobody Beems to know the actual value of his Inheritance, but it runs into many millions. It consists of bank and railroad stock, industrial investments and houses and lands in St. Louis. The family connection on both sides is extensive and powerful in finance and politics. Before the death of Mrs. How, James E. had shown signs of his revolt ig&lnst Inherited wealth. "Why should I enjoy all this?" he would exclaim. "I did not earn it." He carried his views so far that he would not let the butler or other servants wfc.it on him. While he still occupied a room in the Lindell avenue wansion, St. Louis, James E. got his )wn meals in the kitchen, where he :ould serve himself. He became so generous that his nother was afraid he would soon part with his fortune. Hence in her will jhe gave him one-fourth of the prop?rty outright, and put the other fourth n trust for him for life. Tho entire ?statc is handled by a St. Louis trust :ompany. Louis How is a painter and poet, who ipends most of his time in Rome, while Fames E. has become king of the hoboe ind founder of a unique organization or doing away with hobos, tramps 1 ind bums. To better understand per10ns, James E. How became a hobo limself, and for 20 years he has wandered over the United States, ridng in box cars, counting railroad ties, 1 vorking at odd Jobs, sleeping in "flop 1 louses" and taking part in 'jungles" :omposed of hobos, who build a fire by he roadside and cook "Mulligan stew'' 'or dinner. When he goes back to his >ld home town of St. Louis, he stays it a lodging house, where he can get a >ed for 15 cents a night. The Lindell ivenue mansion has ito attractions for lim, now that his mother is no longer here. How does not use a cent of his income for his personal needs. He has set it aside for the benefit of hobos, md earns his own living in a very lumble way. His favorite occupation s washing dishes and scrubbing floors, fie also is an expert at peeling potaocs. In crossing the Atlantic, which he has lone a dozen times, How works his ,vay, sometimes as a mule tender, but n most instances as a kitchen worker. 3n one occasion he traveled in the same 1 steamer with his mother. Mrs. How tiad a suite de luxe, and was accompanied by her maid and attorney, while lames E. worked his passage by helping the cook. Neither knew the other tvas on board. The lawyer found it out, however, and he is'the one who told me the story. How is well educated. He passed through the regular grades, and later graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in St. Louis with the degree of M". D. Then he -studied sociology and economics for a year at Oxford, and finished off with a year in medicine at Harvard. "With all his apparent aimlessness, How seems to have a very well-defined purpose. The net result of his wanderings is the formation of the International Brotherhood Welfare Association, incorporated, not for profit under the laws of Ohio. A committee of five "comrades" appointed by this association disburses the income from How's estate. As fast as the income accumulates in St. Louis it is transferred to a Cincinnati bank, where it is he'd subject to checkH signed by at least three members of the "holding committee." The money is used mostly for the erection and maintenance of halls or stations for the benefit of hobos,'tramps and bums In Cincinnati, St. Louis, New York City, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, Chicago, Kansas City, Oklahoma City, Memphis," Louisville, DnafAn T /m/^nn HllhUn QtA/tl/hnlmn JDVObVlif JUV/I4WVII, ^ V. UbVVAUVIIliU and Tokyo. How furnishes all the money to keep these Institutions going. The building in Cincinnati is a fair sample of the entire system. It is a three-story brick structure at 410 Clinton street. The top floor is given up mainly to a hall seating 800. On the first and second floors arc classrooms and the office, while in the basement there ere facilities for bathing. Hobos and tramps come and go as they please without leaving namtes or addresses. Anybody can use the hall for a meeting without permit or price. How's idea is to provide some measure of education for the "dlsemployed," as he calls them. At several of the hobo stations, notably in the eastern cities, regular lectures on economics are given, which are followed by discussfons. At this writing a "Hobo College" is under consideration and such an institution may eventualjy be started in Memphis. How does not believe very much in organized charity. His view is that if a man is inoculated with sound economic Ideas there will be little need for relief work. He seems to be trying to answer the question: "Why is a hobo or a tramp and what can we do to help him?*' When I asked How to estimate the number of hobos In the United States he said: "Nearly 18,000,000." "The number depends entirely on the definition of the word hobo," added one of his associates, Nicholas Klein, of Cincinnati, How's attorney. "We make a sharp distinction between hobos, tramps and bums. Our definitions are: A hobo is one who travels in search of work, the migrratroy worker who must go about to find employment Workers of that sort pick our berries, fruits, hops, and help to harvest the crops on the western farms. They follow the seasons around, giving their time to farms in spring, summer and autumn, and ending up in tne ice fields in winter. We could not get in our crops without them, for the hobo is the boy who does that work. The name originated frfm the words 'hoe boy,' plainly derived from work on a farm. A tramp is one who travels but doe* not work, and a bum is a man who stays in one place and does not work. Between thqpq grades there is a great gulf of sociffl distinction. Don't get tramps aikl ftWwis mixed.' They are quite different in many respects, the chief difference being that a hobo will work, and a tramp will not, preferring to live on what he can pick up at back doors as he makes his way through the country." As designated by How himself, the holding committee that expends his money, comprises John X. Kelly, of Chicago; Robert W. Irwin, of St. Louis; Charles Kruse, of New York; William Quirke, of New York, and Nicholas Klein, of Cincinnati. How picked these men in his own peculiar way and put them in charge of his money. They are all regular hobos, with the exception of Klein, who is a well-known attorney in Cincinnati. For 15 years Klein has looked after the legal business of How. While Klein is familiar with hobo life and habits, he is not a "migratoryworker" in the sense that others are hobos; He has picked up a wide range of information relating to this subject, and keeps in touch with many individuals who live in hobo land. After we had talked for a long time, I asked Klein the question uppermost in my mind and also uppermost in the mind of all who come in contact with How: ' "Can you explain why Eads How lives as he docs, when he might be enjoying his wealth like other rich men?" i asked. "Only in a general way," replied Klein. "How feels that his mission is to the underdog, and ho has deliberately sought out the most unpromising members of society he could find?the wanderers who have no homes. His stations or halls arc the nearest to a 1 * 1-*/-??-ra V*qv/i Wnhnti nnrl nume any ui mem i??v, -? tramps are coming and going all the time. 'General Delivery* is their only address. How's plan to build them rallying points in large cities is about as good as could be devised, especially as he gives them absolute freedom." "Is it true that he has actually turned his wealth over to this holding committee, does he not keep any money for himself?" "It is true," replied Klein. "He does not keep even a personal checking account. If he wants any money he must ask this committee and if it should refuse to give him any ho would have to sue to recover his estate. The situation is such that his check would not be honored. Why, he has borrowed a quarter from me many a time. He always gives me a due bill, and when he returns the quarter he insists on get-! ting the duo bill back, which Indicates I good business sense. * Ll? tsvx nnn I "l coaxea nun um iu n.j. night, but when he reached my place' he insisted on sleeping in a servant's room. So we fixed it up that way. The next morning when I went to call him for breakfast ho "had disappeared. My idea is that he left before breakfast to avoid any embarrassment over being waited on by a servant." How's independence of thought and action caused him no end of trouble when he wanted to get a passport to (Continued on Pa?re Six.) "WHERE ART THOU?" Dr. MHey Asks His Congregation Pertinent Question. ONLY THE INDIVIDUAL CAN DECIDE Question First Asked of Adam, bait is Continually Being asked of Sinner and .Professing Christian Today? Meeting Closes Sunday Night. "And God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where are thou?"? Genesis 3; 9. ' i "We frequently ask ourselves the question, 'Where ami? said Rev. Dr. Miley at the First Presbyterian church Wednesday night, as he stood before a congregation that filled the church mere than half full. "When we travel 1 and get into unfamiliar places we ask, i 'Where am I?' Boys and girls in college and school in the midst of their school work and examinations frequently ask themselves this question, < 'Where do I stand in relation to my I class?' The professional man, the pol- < itlcian, the business man all ask this > same question in relation to their af- -1 fairs. So in the social affairs of life, < we are interested in where we stand with neighbors and friends. Are we 1 moving in just the right social sphere. < But strange to say, it is rarely in this 1 world that ever a word is said as to < where we stand with God. I "When God asked Adam this questlon he did not care to know Just' the 1 spot where Adam stood, what bush or 1 tree he was standing behind. He wanted to know where Adam stooa in 1 relation to him. God had told Adam that he should not eat of the fruit of 1 a certain tree and that If he did so he would surely die. The devil in the 1 form of a serpent had told Adam and ' Eve *hnt they would not die. They 1 diso. . . i God and were hiding because of a guilty conscience. "Where are you?" asked Dr. Mlley of his hearers. What is your spiritual * condition? ""There are some in this congregation who are young, others are at the age of young manhood and young womanhood, others are still older and some have grown old- The open grave Is ahead of you. To everyone of you God will ask the question "Where are you?" A vow is a sacred thing. After Jo^r ua had entered the promised land and was conquering all the people of 1 that land and destroying them, he was 1 deceived by the Gibeonltes and made & "1 league with them ndt to dostroy them, * and also this league was the refeult of fraud, as was later discovered when it < was found that the Gibeonltes, who 1 represented that they had come from I a far country, were found to be resi- ' dents of the Promised Land, yet this 1 vow to the Gibeonltes was sacred and 1 was adhered to by Joshua and the Is- 1 raelites. And some four hundred years later the vow was violated by 1 Saul, when he slew the Gibeonltes, a three-year famine was selit upon Israel in the days of David for the ' Kr-nalrinc- r\f that VOtV A lsfl the VOW 1 of Jephthah, when he promised God that if he would give him. victory he would give him whatsoever cometh out of his house to meet him. The victory over the Ammonites was given to him and when he returned home Jephthah's own daughter came out to meet him. He remembered his vow to God and it was fulfilled. There are many here tonight who have made a vow to God to serve him. How about that vow? How about your Christian duties. Jesus Christ gave the command that we preach the gospel to every creature?not to every nation, but to every creature. Are we doing our duty in this respect? Where art thou? "Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your .good works and glorify your father which is in heaven." We sometimes sing "Ix?t the lewer lights be burning." Are your ? lights burning? The upper light, represented by Jesus Christ is burning as brightly as ever, but are the lower ' lights as represented by you, what i about them? < Illustrating the Influence of one i person's life on another Dr. Miley told < the story of a lighthouse keeper whose < son had gone on a whaling trip. One 1 nig^t while the keeper of the light * slept a terrific storm broke In the vi- r cinity and incidentally the lights went out. Next morning the keeper look- ? ing out from his quarters saw wreck- ' age strewn along the shore and heard c voices in loud conversatkn about the 3 outside. Hurrying out he met a squad c of coast guards bearing the body of t hi3 son, his vessel having been wreck- ' ed largely because there were no lights ' fcr Ills guidance. "There are boys and 1 girls all around us who are losing c their spiritual lives because fathers * and mothers are asleep." Where are we? No man liveth to 1 himself alone, and no one dies to him- ' self. Somebody is closer to heaven or c farther away because of your life and * mine. "What has Jesus meant to you? 3 What have you meant to Jesus?" ask- 1 od Dr. Mi ley, as he pointed to two wall banners bearing these questions. The speaker then told of a wealthy old Kentucky farmer, who in later years ^ was led to Christ by a young boy. * "Ar.d there are professing Christians 1 in this town who if they had the manli- 1 ness and womanliness that they ought * to have, could lead some one to Christ. ' Where are you tonight? What is jyour * relation to God? "I say II reverently," said Hie speak- n ? er, "but God himself cannot save you out of Christ. The Gpspel is the wisdom of God and the power unto salvation. There is no other name under heaven by which men can be saved than that of Jesus Christ. Gods' law says that the soul that sinneth must die. What is your relation to God and his son? We all know that we can bo here but a few years. It is imnortant that we know where we stand with God. It is not a question how great a sinner you are?not a question of degree. The important question is that of being in or out of Christ. Moses got very close to tho promised land,; but he failed to get in. Many a man and woman has stood on the doorstep of salvation?one step more would have saved them?but they failed to take the step. It takes Just rs much of Jesus Christ to save from the brink as to save one who lo farther away. It is a dangerous thing to put off salvation. Which way are you traveling? Those of you who have grown older 3ut of Chi 1st, you have your influence too. The unprofitable servant wa^ :ast Into outer darkness. Are you an unprofitable servant? Where art thou with reference to your influence for 3od. Dr. Mllcy told the otory of a wealthy woman of the Ozark mountain section of Missouri whose principal vocation in life was goqsiplng. Finally she mme under the influence of an evangelistic meeting and, was converted, riven she wanted the forgiveness of the people about her who had been the victims of her gossip. But her influence for good was multiplied when Bhe became a Christian. "Father and mother, where art thou in reference to your children? Where? Where art thou with reference to your own soul? If God should say to you is he did to the rich man, 'This night thy soul shall be required of thee,' what will be your conditions with reference to God. "My unconverted friend, it Is up to you," concluded Dr. Miley. The series of meetings will continue with two services each day until Sunday night, when the series of services will close. THE WHY OF A DESERT Term May Be Applied to Areas of Varied Character. A desert Is popularly held to be a region wholly or partly without vegetation, or region that la ralnlcas, unusually sandy and commonly not habitable. This idea, however, Is based upon error. There is a failure to recognise the fact that whether o? not a region Is habitable is not a criterion of Its irldlty, says a writer In the Now York 3unday Herald. The development of modern methods of transportation has made possible the maintenance of dwellings and towns with a considerable population at one or even two hundred miles from the nearest supply of water. Even such facilities are not necessary to the sustenance of a [jopulation in aeseris or me uwai extreme type, as illustrated by the Sahara, which has a population of two ind a half million. So for as vegetation is concerned the actual number of individuals is much less than on a similar area in a moist climate. This in fact is one of the chief characteristics of a desert, nut it would not be safe to. estimate .he total number of species much below the average number. Lastly, it is to be remembered that local topography has little Influence on the desert character of a region. 3andy flats, plains, valleys and rocky hills reaching to such altitudes as to become mountains are included in lomc desert tracts. It follows as a natural consequence of the sparse . cgetatlon as one factor that the sur'are lavers of the substratum being isually dry in arid regicns, arc readily ihifted and worn by winds. What, then, is a desert? The term desert may be applied to ireas of the earth's surface which support a sparse vegetation of a more or less specialized character owing to inadequate rainfall or to the unsuitable imposition or lack of soil. Of these londitions scanty water supply may be cgarded as of the greatest Importance, and it is to this factor that nost deserts owo their existence. Desert conditions arise In any region in which the rainfall is markedly ess than the amount of water that fvaporates from the surface. As the imount of evaporation naturally in xeases from the polar regions toward he tropics and is affected by winds Mid elevation, it follows that no arbitrary amount of rainfall may be desigmtcd as an: Invariable cause or ac;cmpaniment of arid or desert ccndi- 1 lens. ' ' Thus In certain portions of the tropes a rainfall of less than seventy nches results in aridity, while some ?f the most fertile agricultural dlsricts in the north and south temperite zones receive scarcely one-third his amount. Arid deserts occur in all of the great and divisions and reach an enormous ( txtent in Africa, Asia and Australia. fhe most pronounced desert condi- < ions of South America are found on } he western slopes and benches of the ! \.ndes. One locality, that of Copiapo, i las an average precipitation of 0.4 ! nches a year and so far as known is 1 he driest spot on the earth's surface. ( < ? Russia has more money than any | thor nation?by volume. j WOULD CONQUER BT LOVE Indian Patriot Belles on TnacMngs ol Christ. GUHDi PRACTICES RESIST SOT Efll A . ,ft. , <s??sfr?i^'* Moot Remarkable Movement instituted Along Remtrkable Lineo, Greying in Power an<l Effectivenaoo llntii it H?e Affected a Mighty Empire, and tha End net Yet. Greenwood Index-Journal Mahatma Ghandi is in Jail. India will soon regard the leader of the noncooperationists as a martyr and the influence of Jailed Ghandi will be greater than the Ghandi who has attempted to conquer his enemy by love, passive resistance. For Ghandi as the leader of the Nationalist movement in India has exerted a powerful influence by his passive patience. And who is this man Ghandi? Mohandas K. Ghandis, leader of the Nationalist movement in India, is the central flgtire of the remarkable "pacifist revolution" which has stirred the 313 million people of the Indian empire as, perliaps, never before since the days of the Sepoy mutiny. . J He has been called a philosophic anarchist, a new Tolstoy. He became more dominant than ever in the campaign against British rule in India when, in December last, the Indian national congress in Its annual session at Ahmedabad invested him ^with sole executive powers of that congress with authority to appoint his sucoessor In any emergency." The congress voted to suspend jilt other activities in order to concentrate upon civil disobedience. Soon after tlfii congress adjourned Ghandl sent a manifesto to Lord Reading, the vloercry, offering to abandon aggressive plans provided the government set free his followers, many hundreds of whom were in prison, and provided the press was released from administrative con~v trol and fines and forfeitures were tfk stored. The British India office &nnouneg? nrnmnMv (hut If would lot dlSCUSJ such demand* and that it Intended to adopt stern measures to auppreas the campaign of civil disobed&nbe. } Thousands of persona were reported to have been arrested in India under this policy and Ohandi's arreet will expected daily. There was an outbreak of violence and seventeen native policeme* were kWled I*, a ft* * Chaura, on the BsagK- dtWth-weiiUm railway. The Working committee of the Indian national congfoes voted soon afterward to suspend the etrit disobedience campaign until the wave of violent feeling bad passed. /*""> . Ghandi announced at Bombay he had begun a 5-days' fast as a penance for the rioting at Chaurl-Chaum and punishment for those who committed the brutal murders" there. Thereupon the British secretary of state for India* Edwin S. Montagu, announced the government proceedings against Ghandi had been suspended bedawsc of cessation of civil dlsobedlcrtch. Nonviolence and non co-operation ? I <k. T-Jin ? k?'?a Mks Willi HID UiUiail gV>OUIUlvu? H?,TV ? . s the fundamental principlea"pf3^^1fff campaign. Hla Idea* have dominated the Indian congress and hl4 appointment as executive of that body virtually made him dictator of the revolutionary movement lie sought to at* tain Bwaraj (sd^-dfcterhilnation or freedom for every oris) by nonreslatance, by conquering the enemy by love. Ghandi has been desorlbfed as a dafk, , v ' little wisp of a man, tvho has fasted so long and often he is physically a mere shadow of a man. He Kris born flftytwo years ago In the Bombay presidency, the son of a Hindu merchant. He studied law, and flnlwied his legal training in London, where he donned the European drese. He has said he drew the inspiration fjr his movement from the New TestAment, Christ's Sermon on the Mount and from Tolstoy's "The Kingdom of God Is With|n You." As a lawyer he defended the Indians who had been arrested in South Africa and was himself Imprisoned there. During a long campaign in behalf'of the Indians in South Africa, he was imprisoned three times and once ambushed and left for dead but eventually obtained legislation to protect the rights of the Indians. He organised an ambulance corps to serve in the Boer War and rendered similar servlsb in London in the World War. He went back to India in 1915. The idea of self determination had taken deep root in that empire. It burst into flame when five hundred wounded in the Amrltsar uprising and In/liana nf th? T>1inlfth WftrA madfl tO crawl through certain streets In humiliating punishment for rioting. Gradually Ghandi assumed direction of the campaign of protest against what has been called "the Punjab atrocities." and his sway over the millions of Hindus has steadily gained force until he Is called In India "Mshatma," or the wondor worker. ? Gaffney, March 15: Cherokee coun^ has sustained serious losses within the past few days in the death of two estimable ladies, Mrs. Frances ABurgess and Mrs. Rebecca Littlejohn. Mrs. Littlejohn died on Sunday and Mrs. "Burgess on Friday previous. They "3 were tne aauj?nrers or Mr. xnomai Spencer, who lived to be 95 years of 3ge, and who was the father of 18 ihildren. The bodies of the two sis- 41 ters were laid to rest ^t Corinth :hurch, near where they were born, '' in the presence of a larsre concourse of relatives'and friends. * *> $ : ' i v 1 \ & .K j| # i . y