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4 T * . i . \ ; <3 * / # J i - .. 4 , "* * V ^ . / we_ ? ? __. ? I I nil? l. m. grist's sons, PubM.her^ % Jrautilg Jlfirspapcr: ,t'or the promotion of (he political, Social, JgrintUupt and fl'ommcrrial Interests of the {Jeogte. TER"^^orY.EpiviNc*K^NC1 ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK, S. C.. FRIDA-j, XOVEMBER 18,1921. M.O. 92 VIEWS AND INTERVIEWS Brief Local Paragraphs of More or Less Interest. -4 I PICKED DP BY ENQUIRER REPORTERS j | ^ Stories Concerning Folks and Things, 1 Some of Which You Know andjt Some You Don't Know?Condensed N For Qyick heading. ( ' "The mills are simply not in the I r market for cotton and therefore we are j t glad that the farmers are not inclined , to sell just now," said a Yorkville j buyer yesterday. "I don't think a a telephone has rung in a week. In t fact if you telephone the mills about f , cotton right now they'll hang up on f you." , t Thanksgiving Turkeys. x Farmers from different sections of s the county who have been asked about i the Thanksgiving turkey crop say that j v the turkeys are going to be more or I less scarce this year. "I haven't had a! i single turkey offered me for sale so far t wio vonr" onir? vpstprdav a Yorkville | n buyer of fowls, "and I don't under- 1 stand, it unless it be that the turkeys t are pretty scarce this year. Turkeys r would bring from 30 to 35 cents a* t pound on the Yorkville market I * guess." t 1 The North Road. S "We are going to work in earnest on 11 the North road to the Gaston county p line again next Monday," said Suiier- ^ intendent J. E. Whitesides of the road ' project who was among the visitors in Yorkville yesterday. "The work has f been held up because hands and teams e were needed for the sowing of grain. ,l However we expect to have a large a force of hands back at work next Mon- ' day and expect to push the work to a 1 conclusion." Lots of Hoboes. "There are a great many hoboes both ( > white and colored passing this way j now," observed Deputy Sheriff Tom s Quinn yesterday. "Ten white hoboes and one negro hobo were sent to the county chaingang on last Tuesday, having been convicted of vagrancy in the recorder's court in Rock Hill. They ? wore sentenced to pay a fine of $10 or to serve thirty days' each on the chaingang. Being without funds they c had to go to the roads." 8 Catch'es Lots pf 'Possums. "Come In here and let me show you s a big 'possum" said J. E. Johnson, superintendent of the Neely and Tin- 1 vora Mills as he led the way to the , rear of the York Hardware Company's ; | store yesterday morning. The 'possum he had to show was a big one which Mr. Johnson had bought from a negro, i It weigiied about eight pounds. "Ernest Carson and I have had pretty good luck .ourselves catching , possums this year," Mr. Johnson went , on to say. "So far we have caught 48. Quite .a number of them were small \ and these we turned loose again." Co-operative Marketing. , 'Yes, I am going to sign up to sell my cotton crop with ihe South Caro- j lina Co-operative Marketing associa- ' lion for a period of five years," said > Dr. J. It. Johnson of Hock Hill, presi- j dent of the York County Cotton asso- j ciation, who was in Yorkville last Wednesday. "The association is a good thing and i am convinced that I will get more money for my cotton by selling it through the association than I would by undertaking to market it myself as I have been doing hereto- j fore." - N | Recording Soldier Discharges. 1 , "We are recording discharges of | quite a number of ex-soldiers of York | ? county," said Howard McMackin, deputy clerk of court, and acting hdjutant of Meech Stewart l'ost of the American Legion yesterday. "Quite a number have recently had their discharges recorded?in fact there appears to have been renewed inte>?est in j the matter, iiui mi' grcai ih.ij.piu) ex-service men have not yet seen fit to avail themselves of the opportunity ! that is offered to them to have made , a. permanent record of their discharge free of charges." Can't Stand Hard Winter. "The boll weevil can't stand a hard winter," said Harvie Jordan, secretary of the American Cotton association, in discussing the weevil with a number of farmers and business men while in "Yorkville last "Wednesday. "If the temperature drops to ten degrees above zero in York county this winter you may be assured that all the [ weevils that are exposed will he killed. If the atmosphere next summer is hot and dry and if there is little moisture those conditions will* also serve to eliminate him to a large extent. I do uot believe that the weevil will ever ; be so destructive in Yorjc county as it has been and will continue to bo in .some of the counties down state." Big Corn Crop for York. "York county farmers are going to make a larger corn crop this year than they did last year, in my opinion," said John K. Hlair, York county 1arm demonstration agent when asktd about the matter when he was in Yorkville Wednesday. "With very few exceptions," said Mr. Hlair, "cv? rv farmer has made an unusually good crop of corn this year and in fact, if it | could be equitably distributed thenwould he little or no necessity for the ! - ' ' pppp.?(i.iii nupn Into I llliporiuip; ui ?u. the county this year at all. Vori i count")* farmers made more than 1,- I )00,000 bushels of corn last year. It ippears now that" the farmers of this jounty are going to' make a mifcli arger corn crap than it appeared they vould make in August." The Game Warden Busy. ' "Thus far we have arrested seven lunters charged with hunting without icense," said County Game Warden Dan T. Woods of Yorkville, yesterday, i 'Four men were recently arrested in'I ho Bowling: Green section, chtygcd vith hunting without a license*. Still, here are lots of hunters who are es- i :aping us, although my assistants and nyself are doing everything possible o round up every man who hunts vithout a license. "While more York county people are idvertising no trespass on their lands hi9 year than ever before," tho county tame warden went on to say, iKhat is i ibout as far as they will go. If par- 1 ridges are a destroyer of the boll tfeevil they should not be hunted it all. Personally I have'always made t a rule not to hunt on a man's land vhere thijt man objects to hunting and have offered to report persons hunt ng on 'posted' land where I catch hem and to appear as a witness [gainst them. But I And th^t most^ x'Ople who do not wunt hunters on i heir lands will not prosecute. One i nan told me the other day that while | ic objected to hunting,on his place he | cas afraid that if he did profiecute respnssers they would bjwrn him out. to it goes. If they prosecute it would lelp me in enforcing the game laws a :reat deal, although I understand I lave mrthing to do officially with cases ?f trespass." Speaking of birds coming south the ounty game warden said that'northrn birds appeared to be coming south inusually early this year in order to void the cold northern winter. "I lave seen at least two flocks of robins his fall," said Mr. Woods. "1 have* Jso seen numerous black birds and nowbirds and I understand that there j s an unusually large number of ducks 1 lown on Catawba river. Paul Noil o! i Shenezer, and other hunters, I underland, have killed quite a number." SMITH TALKS COTTON. Jenior United States Senator Predicts Great Shortage. Prediction of a world shortage of otton next summer was made in the j enate Tuesday by Senator Smith Democrat) of South Carolina in a peech analyzing the statistics on cot- | on consumption for October, made' lublic by the census bureau. Should he rate of consumption for the tnsu- j ng months equal or exceed that of Ocober he said there would not be a bale >f American cotton in existence by j icxt August l. In the course of his speech, 1 Mr. imith digressed to discuss what he said \ vas the failure of congressional'action J ntended to aid the farmers, asserting [ hat it seemed the jonl.v hope for the ' igricu'.tural interests lay in the forma- j ion of their own cooperative selling ! igencies and the establishment of their I >wn banks. He added that relief leg- j slation thus far had been converted ' nto "breastworks behind which the in?- ! terests opposed to the farmers en - [ trenched themselves to destroy the fur-> mors' profits." Exports and domestic consumption of cotton for October aggregated 1,366,)00 bales, which, according to tlye senator, constituted a record for monthly disposition of the product. "At that rate," he continued, "the ex- I ports and consumption between last August 1 and next August 1 will be more than 16,000,000 bales, and the best estimate of the visible supply that can i>e obtained showed only about 12,>00,000 <tr 13,000,000 bales." A carry over of about ii.OOO.OOO bales was estimated by Mr. Smith, while this year's crop he be'ieved would not exceed 7,000,000 bales. He made his figures liberal, he added, but found no way to bring the two totals anywhere near together. Mr. Smith reviewed the many "cries" which he said had forced the cotton prices down and told the senate that [ill the "menacing things foreseen by the trade, including the rail strike," had been put out of ^lie way, yet the price remained low. He declared, however, that the country never would sic cot ton soil ;is low again, expressing the belief that American cot' ?n crops hereafter would fall be'ow uie ten yeai'average, which, he said, was slightly above 12,000,000 bales, BUD FISHER WINS Creator Has Sole Right to Control Mutt and Jeff. Proprietary of ".Mutt and Jeff" as characters is 'possessed by JIany ('. ("Hud") Fisher and decisions to that effect by the New York st: tc courts an- filial, the supreme court in Washington refusing to consider a?. : ppeal which the Star Company, publisher of the Hearst newspapers, sought to bring. # Those courts awarded Fisher exclusive right to reproduce the two characters, ordered he be protected from ....? .1 ,,t 4.'.In pit I'Mirti. during; t lioiii. :ud rejeifled I Ik* contentions of Ili? Star Company that Fisher roultl only copyright pellicular pustules 'anil words descriptive of their exploits in imidents drawn by liiin and that the two characters were publie property. ? flermany is the only eountry which has formally abolished tipping. 4 "JORDAN TO FARMERS I Noted Cotton Authority Speaks on Co-operative Marketing. ; r SAYS IT MEANS FARMERS' FREEDOM Farmer Members in Oklahoma and1 Texas Get More for Their Cotton Than do Those Who are Mot Members?Speaker Says Association Will Kill Cotton Exchanges and Make Many Economic Changes?Heard by Representative Audience. Farmers of- Oklahoma who have joined the Co-operative Cotton Marketing- Association .of 'that state have sold thpir cotton at from $12.50 to $15 more per hale this /year than have the farmers who do not belp\ig to such association, declared Col. Harvic Jordan, secre^iry of the American Cotton Associaion, who addressed a number of farmers and business men in the county ^ourthouse Wednesday morning op the subject of Cooperative Marketing. Col'. Jordan who is himself a Georgia grower, is. recognized generally as^one of the foremost authorities orr cotton in the United States if not in the Entire world. Ho spoke for more thnrwa hour Wednesday t and he convinced his hearers that he was thoroughly familiar with cotton and other agricultural problems. It was'his first visit to York ! county, speaking in Rock Hill Tuesday j to several hundred farmers and m<?r- j chants and in Yorkville Wednesday,, to | * m 4 a smaller crowd. Col. Jordan who is touring South ! Carolina in the fhterc.it of the South i Carolina Co-operative Marketing Association now being formed, was in-) troduced by Dr. J. If. Johnson, of Kock I l-lill, president of the York County 'branch Of the American Cotton Asso* ciation. His was ^ plain, matter of fact talk, "a strictly business proposition without sentiment," as he put it. that he wanted to bring to tin- atten- ! tion of bis audience. Introducing himself as a Cleor'gia f farmer who laid studied nothing but cotton in all bis life, Cul. Jordan ex- i pressed surprise thilt southern farm- j ers who produce the greatest crop on the earth will continue to be content' t live in agricultural slavery, a fact j that can he ca'lcd by no other name, | when everybody realizes that every agency that touches the cotton crop' with the exception of the producer! grows enormously rich from it. . Pcor Business Men. Oltr trouble as farmers said Col. Jordun, is not as producer* but it is In the marketing end of the industry, t There we have made a failure. It has been demonstrated during the past nuy years mm me uiuubc -. knows nothing about the grade of his] cotton. lie only knows to >ubmit! absolutely to whatever value the local I buyer sees lit to put upon it and, not one lQC.il buyer in 200 knows anything about the grade but judges Its value by color alone. Now that the boll weevil is invading every section of South Carolina, hr said, we have another enormous overhead expense t.nd we ip the south have! got to do what the farmers of some sections of this country and practically every section of Europe have been doing for years. We must organize co-J operative selling agencies' or marketing associations. You may be the most successful cotton producer in York county; but if you do not sell your j production profitably your year's labor | has been in vain. This co-operative marketing plan is going to be offered to farmers all over the south. We are after cost plus 'a' reasonable profit for farmers, a demand which business men every where get and deserve. We realize that we have got to give up our ideas of individualism in marketing because it has been clearly demonstrated that as a business man the average farmer is a total , failure. Under State Law. The South Carolina Cotton (bowers' ! Co-opemtive Association is organized under the laws of the state governing the organ.zation of such associations. It proposes to employ the best cotton ! experts to be in charge that money' can buy. It proposes to mark't a cot-; ; tun crop nut in three or four monui. as has been ,the policy of southern! farmers heretofore; hut to tako twelve | months to market the crop. If it takes twelve* months to spin a crop it should ' take twelve months to market it. Farmers Got More. Already five plates have organized associations similar to South Carolina said Col. Jordan proceeding' with his explanation of the -co-operative idea.! The state of Oklahoma was the lirst to organize. That slate predated 4410,00aj ha'es of ration last year alid approxi! mat Ply SO.ouO farmers of the state agreed to Join together to sell their crop. Tin y realized from $12.50 to $15 ^ per hale more for their cotton than did those Oklahoma farmers who were not* members of th association. The state of Texas has such an association with 700,000 hales signed up and I have it j straight that the farmers of Texas 1 who are members of the association, are getting three cents a pound more for th"ir cotton now than are those farmers wlu> are not members. Tlie contract of any co-operative J cotton marketing association with it' farmer members covers a period of live j yours, members aivreeiiif? under tin*( laws of their respeetive states K"VernI iny contracts to sell every bale of cot-J ton they produce through the association. It is necessary to make that contract for a period of five years because it is impossible to make the | necessary arrangements and connections for a lesser period of time than five years. How Handled. . A farmer who joins the association ' first has his cotton graded by an expert grader employed by the association. That cotton is placed in a pool with cotton of the same grade furnish- . ed by other members, the United j States government grading system of, course being the standard. Then the| cotton is sold to spinfters who desire I that particular grade. Whenever any member delivers a I bale of cotton to the association lie i may immediately borrow 60 per cent, of its value. Then as the cotton is! sold the "pro rata part of each member is sent him in the form of a check. Inauguration of this system Col. Jor-1 dan said, will sound the death knell of j' the cotton exchange. Cotton today is! not passing into the hands of the I spinner hut into the hands of the large cotton merchants or speculators. Cot- ( ton speculation has cost the southern farmers as you all know, millions an<^ millions of dollars. Thero is no speculation in yarn or the finished fabric. 11 We have no speculative exchanges^ except those that deal with the raw ' values of the farmer. I do not know, of any way that the cotton gamblers can be put ?^ut of business except by co-operative marketing among the farmers;* Losses to Farmers. Turning to a runner discussion or | the mutter of farmers' losses, through | grading and fixed charges, Col. Jordan re-iterated his statement that..not one ' local buyer in 200 knows anythingnbout , cotton grades. Some time ago, he sajd j in illustrating his point, the Federal' government desired fy.cotton gfrider for I Atlanta, Ga., where a cotton grading, office of the government was being established. They offered $6,000 a year salary for a grader and of course there were many applicants. Some 200 samples of cotton wore placed in a room and each applicant was bidden classify those samples. Only one man, a cotton expert of 2*Cew Orleans who had been in the business tweirty-five years was able to classify the cotton.' The local buyer not knowing cotton | grades himself is naturally going tof undergrade your cotton in order to protect himself. The United States government has.' stated that there is not a single bale! of cotton sold In* life south that is not,' undergraded from $2 to $30 a bale. At $2 a bale that would mean $25,000,000 a year loss to the farmers. Fixed Charges. When you sail b. hale of cotton that is not the ast of it so far as the farmer is concerned, the speaker said. | The Liverpool cotton exchange fixes the selling rules and regulations. They take off about 30 pounds for youn bagginfe and ties. You pay the first compress fee of 75 cents and then, when tht^ cotton is placed on the wharf J for export it goes through the compress again and you 'pay that dollar also. You pay the domestic and ma- , rine insurance and because furmers are so careless in taking proper care of their cottigi and prefer to throw it in the yafd or fn a ditch or elsewhere rather than 'warehouse it/ the loss in ; this "'country damage'1 as it is knowrf'j is no less than $70,000,000 a year. Freight Rates. Tiie spinner buys by net weight. If the hale is damaged the damaged cot-; ton is taken otT. Another great Hem I that you pay is the freight rate. The rate on cotron is from 300 to 400 per cent, higher than the freight rate assessed any other staple by the rail- j roads. In order to reduce that charge]' we must change our system of baling.It is only possible to put about*thirtyi hales of cotton in a freight car that j can carry 60,000 pounds. The weight i is not there in a car of cotton but thei bulk is. The space is taken. Therefore the farmer must pay. lJut all these problems will be solved i by the co-operatfva marketing associations. They will also take care of the surplus production by refusing to place additional or new cotton on tin market until the surplus is exhausted.' Southern farmers have a monopoly on the cotton grooving industry. The Hritish goycrnment has spent thousands ai d thousands of dollars trying to cultivate cotton on a competitive basis with American cotton. It cannot be clone. The Indian crop is not more than one-half inch staple. It is therefore no competitor, with our 3-4 and; one inch staple and better. 1 want every farmer to take the literature of the South Carolina Asso- j eiation and study it carefully. Then sign up unci get out of the rut. inverting ins iciiiiiijvs 10 me suu-| ject of tin1 boll weevil, Col. Jordan] said tKnt there was no question but what the weevil would do great damage in York county another year. However the weevil would never liccome so thick and such a pest that he would make it absolutely ^impossible to grow cotton in York county. "It is going toj hit you," lie saal. "There is no doubt about that. This year in middle] (leorgia on fifty acres planted in cotton on my farm 1 made ltlU pounds of lint cotton. Farmers in that section of! (ieorgia are now up against the same| problem that you are going to be up| against. "The weevil doesn't tell you that you should praetiee diversified fat tiling, if' i <?ntinued on I "age Two.) I FARMERS ARE DEPARTING Good Land Said to be Easier to Get in Foreign Counties. HANY HAVE RECENTLY GONE JO PERU Richest Lands May be Had in Mexico! ' at Small Price?While Many1 Are ' Leaving Thousands Coming in From Europe. / By Frederick J. Haskln. Washington, P. C., Xov. 10.?American farmers are beginning to leave the United States in considerable numbers for countries where good land is easier to get. Recently a colony composed of over. 200 families left for Peru, where the Peruvian government has granted the colonists a tract of 050,000 acres of agricultural and forest land. More and more American farmers' arc going to Australia and the Australian government is making every effort to have them- yome and stay. In Mexico land il.? t'iol>out t'ln/1 mn v ho hflfl fnr ? "* 1,1 V .....J ? very low price, and many enterprising young American farmers are taking advantages of the faat, as confldenee In the present Mexican government grows. American farmers have been going to Canada for years, and the number of them who cfoss the northern border is always on'the increase. The reason for this emigration is obvious. In this country there is no lon|br any free government land which is worth the taking, while private holdings of land are held at such high valuation that an investment in them for agricultural purposes will not pay a, fair return. The young American, farm-raised, who has from two to ten thousand dollars to invest in a farm, soon learns, if he is alert, that he cannot get a profitable start for that money in the United States, and that he can get one in another country. Americans are poor colonizers, loath to leave home, slow to learn now languages and customs. Th^ lag behind almost all of the European peoples in colonizing the undeveloped pm .s of the earth. J5ut the need for hind is the. primary need of the human raoe. Men will go, In the long run, wl.er<^ they can get the best land for the least money. European Farmers Go Elsewhere. At the same time that our farmers are leaving, record-breaking numbers of Europeans are coming in. But they are not. to any considerable extent, taking the place of tho depurting farmers. It is perfectly well known in EurSpe that all of the free and cheap land in the United States is gone. It is known that South Ajnerica and .Mexibo and Australia are now the havens of the land-hungry and the' dispossessed. The intelligent German and other European farmers, of the type that camo to the United States 40 year8 ago, are now going to Brazil and Mexico. In both of those countries I there are large German colonies. | Italian and Spanish farmers head for the Argentine, which ,is now full of theqjL Meantime we are getting, not farmers who would feed us, but Immigrants of the type who hope to make a living in the large cities,^ chiefly by petty trade. While our farmers go out, a host of peddlers, tailors, shopkeepers, bootblacks and waiter^ is pouring in. It needs no special v argument to prove that this is not n desirable condition. The question is to#what extent it may be improved. ^ J In part, no doubt, it-is inevitable. As. the country fills up the apaounilof larid available f*- settlement is bound to decrease. Men seeking land are sure to go elsewhere, both from this country and from other countries. No" dOubt the next generations, with pouplation' increasing at its. present rate, must see the United States become more and more a land which men leave. The unhealthy and avoidable part of the situation is that,' although our farmers are leaving us, out land is only half cultivated. If our agricultural kinds were all in the highest possible state of productivity, if the nation were doing all in its power to feed itsself, like Belgium or the Netherlands for example, then it woulji be inevitable that young men seeking farms should go elsewhere. But when these young men go away leaving great areas of farm land in the northwest rm states abandoned, and great areas of swamp in the- south unreclaimed and stump lands in the northwest, rich I in soil that are being neither reforested nor cleared for agriculture, then there is a sickness in the industrial j system of the country just as serious, as a failure of assimilation In the hu-i man body. # Value of Land Speculative. All who have studied this question ' seem to agree that the basic trouble i lies in the speculative price at which | lands are held in this country. With) the population of the earth increasing all of the time, nothing is so certain as; that land will constantly increase in; value. ISuy any piece of productive! land and hold it long enough and you can sell it at a great advance. This increment works with the force and regularity of a lav of nature. As a result, all land in this country, and in every other country where no free land is available, is held at a valuation! based, not on what it will produce in I food and other eomnfodities, but on what it wi'l sell for at some future! time. This simple fact is the whole of the trouble! For this reason all of the vast massj f ' of legislation designed to help the farmer by teaching him cooperative marketing, and giving him hog colera serum, and showing his wife how to cook and so on, is irrelevant to the main issue. In point of fact, the farmer who owns a piece of productive land is not at all badly off. He cannot make much money, but if he practices diversified farming in an intelligent way, he can be and often is, one of the bestfed and most comfortable men In the world. City people' in this country often live on rations that to the more substantial sort of country people would look like starvation. It is only the farmer who foolishly stakes his all on one money crop, like cotton or tobacco, who encounters actual want. The trouble is not that the farmer who owns a farm is suffering. The trouble is: firs? that he can sell his farm, invest the money in mortgages and make more without working, in many instances, than he can make by farming his land. Second, he can often rent his land to someone else more profitably than he can work it himself. Third, if he has several sons, the ones that do not inherit the farm cannot afford to buy one in this country. They either go into other lines of work or else go to some other country. The result is a country in which more and more of the land parses into the hands of men who hold it idle for speculative purposes, or rent it, and in which a man who wants to invest his money in land and to farm it, cannot do so profitably. Inevitably It Is also v a land In which food prices rise steadily. What is the remedy? Two have been proposed. First, for the nation or the states to buy and reclaim land and sell it to farmers at a price based on what it will produce and on long-time credit. This was the essence of Secretary Lane's scheme of land for soldiers, which so mysteriously disappeared. It is the basis of the California land and colonization plan, whi<5h has worked well, and it has been put into practice in some form by several oth'er states. . The second method is a form of taxation on unimproved land which would make it unprofitable to hold such land for speculative purposes. Such a tax has always been held sound by students. A bill providing for such tax was introduced in the last congress by Representative Keller. . > It has attracted as much attention as a pin falling into the Atlantic ocean. FISCAL CONDITIONS SHOWN. Interesting Facts and Figures Relative To Big Powers. Questions of population, national wealth, national debts, ratios of taxation to wealth and debt, increases in debt and taxation since prior to the World war, figures as to foreign trade and war effect of exports and imports will an lane an iinpunani pari 111 me discussion on limiting armatnents. Each subject has a definite share in having brought about the conference and is linked not alone with the economics discussions among the delegates to be expected, but directly associated with the size of armies and navies. For the five major powers participating in the arms conference th? following outllpe may be taken available Ijere: To arrive at the relation of existing tax burden, the estimated mytional wealth of the five powers be set down as follows: British, empire, $180,000,000,000; Italy $30,000,000,000; France, $100,000,000,000; Japan $25,000,000,000; United States, $350,000,000,000.- Qn the basis of 1920 direct taxation this represents the' following ratio of taxes to national wealth in each country; British empire 1.9 per cent; Italy, 1.6 per cent; France 1.2 per cent; Japan, 0.6 per cent; United States, 1.1 per cent. ' , . Population totals (estimated) are as follows: British empire, 469,431,559; Italy, 3S.840.000; France, 91,225,000; Japan, 78,000,961; United States, 118,832,596 (including 12,414,431* in noncontiguous territories). Against this the per capita of taxation In 1920 is: British empire, $7.40; Italy, $12; France, $13; Japan, $2; United States $33. For the purpose of this calculation, national debts are placed as follows: British empire, $46,725,318,000; Italy, $17,846,400,000; France, $41,693,020,000; Japan. $1,763,500,000; Ufcited States, $23,996,523,000. Ratio of debt J.o national wealth, British empire, 26 per cent; Italy, 59.5 per cent; France, 47.7 per cent, Japan, 7.1 per cent; United States, 6.9 per cent. Ratio of debt to population; British empire, $100; Italy, $459; France; $458; Japan, $23; United States, $202. Increases in direct taxes between 1913 and 1920 were ps follows: Brit ish empire, $423,073,01)0 10 000; Ituly, $118,430,000 to $4S4,500,000; France, $1SS,670,000 to $1,220,422,000; Japan, $72,454,000 to $170,526,000; United States, $1,349,841,000 to $4,000,000.000. Charges in foreign commerce for each power between 1913 and 1920 were: Hritish empire imports, $6,037,475,000 to $14,092,690,000; exports, $4,714,865,000 to $11,487,025. Italy, i'rnports, $73S,519.000 ti $3,1S7,563,000; exports, $520,530,000 to $1,565,434,000. France, imports, $1,901,759,000 to $5,984,416,000; exports, $1,580,000 to $1,- j 980,211,000; Japan, imports, $364,716,000 to $1,130,156,000, exports $315,208,000 to $2,387,723,000. United States, imports, $1,813,008,000 to $5,278,481; ex? > JKK ?sj nnn f<. ?s nifiOOO. vo, r-1 ? 1 -- ' I THE QUESTION OF RACE;' President Harding Honest Hot Setts the Impossible. NEGRO CANNOT EQUAL TIE WHITE* Old, Old Problem Di<?ussed Intelligently and Frankly by Man Who Understands it In All Its Detail*? M M -l - - J \AJ: 11 U. ncy|iu 19 nvi anu tviii nvi w? i bv?w< in American Politic*. By Savoyard. I do not believe that any senator or representative in congress from the South harbors better wishes for the South than does Warren G. Harding, Republican president of the United States. He desires and he hopes to see, every Southern community prosperous, virtuous and contented. He loves his country, litis whole country, and the South is not by any means * , the least loved section of his-country. What a grand thing it would have , been for both North and South if alt Republican statesmen of 60 years ago had held the South in as high esteem as does the man who is now president of the United States. But there is a "race question" In our glorious union. I know that hi fhe South as well as at the North publie sentiment has sought to solve the question by ignoring it and in hlAh quarters it has been voted unpatriotic and ill-mannefed for an American citizen to discuss it. But dlscusaton of it is inevitable and as a Southerner, I thank the president for bringing the subject to the front. * i The theme is the political equality of the white man and the negro in our glorious union. There never has been and there never will be such equality. It is an impossibility. Union between superiority and inferiority is miscegenation and equality between them .Je as fatal as it is impossible. And that is not an?tne Doastea political equality of the two races at the North if a sham and it no more exists In Massachusetts than it does in South Carolina. There is a difference, and only this: At the North fce negro has the right to vote the Republican ticket, while at the South he is not allowed to vote at all. In neither section is he allowed to wear the dignities and enjoy the emoluments of official station. And right here, before I forget it, I'll remark that it ought to be an offense against the law of the land as well as an affront to the canons of good manners for any Northern man to open his mouth in a discussion of the race question until some Northern constituency ejects 'a negro to congress. The Anglo-Saxon is the highest order of the human family. He has done more to 'promote and advance civilization than all other races combined. If he did not discover what is called civil liberty he reincarnated it,?and he ' is the inventor of the highest order of government the world hds ever seen. As an administrator he is unrivalled. He is as arrogant as he is capable and k- would not tollerate a rival if rival there was. He speaks the tongue that Shakespere spake; he Incubated the literature that Shakespere wrote. Hn invented the liberty that is expressed in the English monarchy and in the. American republic. He is the architect of his own fortune; be achieved t his own glory. Then what fatuous folly it Is to fancy that this haughty, lmperlotf,* domineering, Insolent and arrogant creature is going to engage In a political co-partnership on eqhal terms with the lowest and most hopeless of t all the races! Of all the blunderers who ever wrought mischief in government, Thad Stevens of Pennsylvania and Charles Surhner o"f Massachusetts were chlefest The negro is to be pitied. He is not to blame. He is the victim of the insatiate malice that engorged the cruel heart of Stevens and the dupe of the lunatic Ideality that diseased the impossible imagln-v ation of Sumner. With the utmost respect for the man anjl for his official dignity, I say that President H.araing-8 ecstacy o? the race question that he exploded at " Birmingham the other day was nothing in the wopld but a rank sample of Mrs. Jellebylsm as pictured by Dickens in "Bleak House." If he Is so anxious for political equality for the* black man, why does he not begin bis - , crusade in his own state of Ohio in 1920 had 186,183 negro citizens? What political rights have the blacks in Ohio other" than the right to vote the Republican ticket? None, abso? lutely none. True, under the law of Ohio a negro has the right to be gov- 1 ernor if elected to that dignity, but what is the value of a right that is impossible to exercise? . Bolshevik Russia will as soon draft an Ohio negro to be czar of all the Russians and clothe him with all the autocr&ilo prerogative enjoyed by Ivan the Ter* rible or Peter the Great as Ohio will choose a negro to be governor of that state. Then what is the good, of prat- * ing about a sham equality such as that? If Fred Douglas were alive and endowed with ten fold the mental emiinment that was his in his prime the veriest white hobo could beat bim out of sight were they opposing candidates for congress before either con* stituency in Vermont. , . .. t In what Northern state will you find (Continued on Page Three). ^ * V ) v. . . ' i