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, i - 1 V . I 1 ' ^ . ^SSS^EP SgHI-WKKKLT. | u M. grists SONS, publishers.} % ^amilg JUtcsgager,: ,^or the {promotion of the political, Social, ^grieutturat and Commercial Interests of th< ftoplj. , E3TABL18HE#T855 YORK, S. C., FRIDAY, JUNE 6, 1919. ISTO. 45 - MONEY OF THE WORLD Expert Authority Discusses International Finances. WHY PRICES ARE ABNORMALLY HIGH Senator Reed Smoot Say? That Present Inflation Amounts to One-third of the Wealth of the World on a Basis of VHues as Established at the Beginning of the War. This world, according to Senator Smoot (lyah), the acknowledged congress experts in such subjects is now in . .h<a /inn nnn ftfid flated to the extent 01 As the sphere is only worth at present depreciated values of money about $960,000,000,000. the senator finds that the* inflation represents one-fourth the whole status of the planet. But that is not the worst of It. On the basis of values as they existed befor the war caused inflation the world was worth about $780,000,000,000. So that to-day inflation represents almost one-third as much as the legitimate valuation of the ball before the Germans started their abortive effort to capture it. , Starting with the figures the senator outlined today to The Sun the scheme ^ of starting a gradual, systematic deflation, on which he has been at work ever since the war ended. He has been in conference with many men of af fairs, and studied the legislative and fiscal programmes of as mfhy countries as have started developing them and made the results accessible. Of these the number is not large, and the senator Is convincd that the United States must lead the world In the effort to restore a normal basis. At the best this will be a matter of many decades, perhaps generations. In no event is it to be expected that the former economic conditions can be restored, nor can the old relations between money and prices be revived. Inflation is here to stay, and business, in his opinion, will have to make up its mind to resume on the new level. Figures in Costs of War. In making this statement that there is now $240,000,000,000 of inflation Senator Smoot explained that he reached this figure by adding together the cost of the war, the devastation caused by it. and the inflation of the world's money stocks. In 1914 there was little inflation, comparatively speaking. Money was on a sound basis, most of the world's business being on a secure gold standard; and the public debts were com' to the wealth even of the most heavily involved nations. Today all this is changed. Not only is the world * heavily involved in debts but it is cer tain?and at this point the senator is vigorously emphatic?to go on increas* . ,ing the measure of indebtedness and therefore of inflation for a considerable, though indefinite future. In oyj: own county, for instance, he warnes, there is certain to be dlsappointment for any optimistic hopes ^ " that governmental expenses will be reduced at any such rapid rate as that at which they were expanded when war's demands made it necessary to think and calculate in billions instead of millions. America, if proper financial policies I _ are adopted, will be able before long to strike a balance between outgo and income, and then to begin a gradual discharge of the debt. But on the whole, ? timo will continue ex UtlUD ivi u. ?v?.D ?? pending. w Two Ways of Facing Probloro. "There are just two ways in which the world can meet the conditions it faces," skid Senator Smoot. "Either the nations must look the facts squarely in the face, recognize that they cannot carry the burden, and repudiate their domestic debts, or else they must impose a special levy on wealth that will nearly reach the point of confiscation. The world cannot live on its present plane always, and it will not. "In speaking of repudiation I confine it to domestic holdings of their obligations, for I believe that no nation would l?e willing to repudiate debts owing tb the nationals of other states: that ^ would break down the whole fabric of I national credit. The levy on wealth, of which I speak as an alternative, is under serious discussion in the countries of Europe. "To meet the situation of this country and make our process of deflation keep step with that of counties which may be forced to adopt one or other of these expedients I am working out a plan of amortising our debt through a sinking fund. A few evenings ago I met with a group of important business and financial men to discuss difIferent plans for administering such a fund. "A sinking fiind designed on a basis ^ of 2j per cent annually would produce $750,000,000 each year, and return that amount of the debt. That is, it is proposed to keep up the interest, and in " r, roico frnm revprnips enoueh to return each year 2J per cent of the present face value of the debt. I assume for the purpose of this calculation that the aggregate debt is $30,000,000,000. It will be found to reach just about that figure when all the " items are before us. Legislation to be Mandatory, "A 2J per cent annuaJ sinking fund payment would pay off the c?bt in a little under 24 years; just about 23 years nine months. It would be made absolutely mandatory to invest this j fund in retiring the government's securities; it would not be permitted to be invested in any other way. "On the same basis, a sinking fund of 1 per cent annually would raise $300,000,000 a year with which to return the debt, and would extinguish the whole in 44 years. "A fund of lj per cent would raise J450.000.000 annually, and in a little loss than 32 years would wipe out the debt. This, of course, all assumes that there would be no increases in our obligations meanwhile. r "In discussing such a programme, my conferences have developed that opinion falls into two general classes. One believes that 2J per cent is too high a rate to be borne without serious interference with business. The other ^ thinks that 1 per cent annually is too low: and the two seem disposed to meet on the compromise at lfc per cent which seems likely to be the feasible ^ basis." Turning to the measures under which i such a sinking fund would he adminb tered, the senator said he would pre pose to appropriate by a perinnner law, for the period of Amortization d? cided upon, the amount required unde the plan. Thus congress in the beginnin would discuss and weigh all the factoi and decide whether the policy shoul be to amortize on the 1 per cent, 4 year basis; on the lj per cent, 32 yea basis, or on the 2J per cent, 24 yea basis. Having decided which plan 1 preferred, it would adopt that plan i its legislation, and pass a continuin appropriation act setting aside th amount required and directing how i should be used in taking up each yea that amount of the government securl ties. Enthusiasts are Impatient. The programme as here outlined i regarded with impatience by one clas of enthusiasts, who insist that I ought not to take so long to discharg the debt. "Oh," they say, "let's put on a ta big enough to clean it up in ten year and have done with it." Neither th senator nor the wise heads of the bus iness and finance with whom he ha been consulting consider this at al feasible. The burden would be to heavy. They fear that public debt would be transmuted into privat debts, and in getting the governmen out of debt the procedure would b getting the people into it deeper. "There are three things the peopl are Interested in it this time," addei Senator Smoot. "They demand, flrsl to stop the wicked waste of govern ment expenditures and cut governmen costs to the bone. Second, to chang the revenue laws so as to avoid al discrimination to take out the nag ging, troublesome taxes, and to pas 1- ~ ?iknf <..<11 Inaitw it Iiur revenue Itt>> niai will inoui equality of treatment to all business Third, and finally, the people are In terested in the league-of nations. The; want to know whether we are goini to maintain our present form of gov ernment and remain an independent sovereign nation. . "The present development of public opinion is all in opposition to the lea gue. The public is coming to realize that it is simply a means to place th< credit and resources of the one grea solvent nation behind the overburden ed powers of the world. It mean dumping the accumulated deficits o the world on our shoulders, and th people will realize that in time b save us from the danger of being in volved in it." Senator Smoot is not yet ready ti present his fiscal programme in de tail to congress, but as soon as pos sible it will be introduced. THE ALLENDALE TRAGEDY. Now Appears that H. D. Marley Wa Killed by a Mob. News and Courier. Aiken, June 2.?Apparently nev light has been thrown upon the mys terious killing of Jim Hogg and H. E Marley, the two well known planter in the Allendale section last wee* The report first sent out broadcas over the country that Hogg was sho by Marley, and, then while Hogg wa wounded and lying on the ground tha he shot and killed Marley, has bee: completely upset according to the tes timony of Carrie Stanley, at Aikei before Hon. Robert L. Gunter, the so licitor of the circuit. From the evidence of Carrie Stan ley, who is separated from her hus band and has been Marley's house keeper, it appears that a crowd o white farmers of the Allendale sectioi shot Marley to death after coaxini him out of his house with the prom ise of protecting him on hir way t surrender to the sheriff. Woman's Testimony. Carrie Stanley appeared before So licitor Gunter here and has sworn tha a crowd of men, consisting of Hermai Lee, John Dunbar, George D. Kirkland Henry D. Best, Paul Black, Hughe Reeves and Buck Lewis, came up t the Marley place after the shootini of Hogg by Marley, and after gettini him to come out on the ground, Joh Dunbar shot him twice with a pum gun which he (Dunbar) had taken fron the hands of Buck Lewis. According to the report it appear that a gathering of ten farmers wer attending a fish catch and dinner* a PaUa^'o Rlnff Tim Wad-p1 nnrl Hup Lewis, whose home Is on the Georgi side of the river near Brier Creel went down to the home of H. D. Mar ley, about three-quarters of a mil from Cohen's Bluff, to pay a visit. A Hogg reached the Marley gate he wa attacked by Marley's dog, and bein afraid of a bad bite from the anima Is alleged to have shot and killed i forthwith. Marley, seeing the dea dog, and Hogg with his gun in hi hand, came out of his home and i said to have fired one load of shot i the breast of Hogg, who fell fac down on "the ground. Lewis the dodged behind a tree until Marley en tered his home, when he ran to th other members of the fishing part and told them of the shooting. Marley Fatally Shot. It is testified by Carrie Stanle further that the whole party, som eight in number, then hastened to th Marley home, and after coaxing hir outside shot him to death. The affidavits -of each member c the party conflict with the woman' statement, the party claiming thn Marley was standing over the pros trate body of Hogg when the part arrived, and that Marley appeared i a threatening manner. Tho fprjtimonv of the woman state that whiskey was on the breath ( several members of the fishing part> she especially designates John Dun bar, whom she charges with filing th two shots into Marley's body. Physician's Statement. Dr. Johnson Peeples, sworn, stated "I find nine shot holes from the bac of Marley's body. Five in the fron and complete laceration of the low< part of the skull at the back, as from a number of shot. Some of tt wounds were due to shot going throng from the front. (Signed) "Johnson Peeples, M. D." The people in the Ellcnton sectic and many in this locality are well a< quainted with all the parties cor cerned and great interest is bein taken in the ferreting out of the kill ings. The men are under arrest but wi apply today for bail. % KOLTCHAK'S RISE TO POWER >r How Russian Admiral Came to be J Dictator. d 4 STORY THAT IS MOST INTERESTING r r " It There Are Those Who Fear That n This New Leader May be Reaction5 ary; But He Insists That He Has e no Other Aim Than the Salvation of ,r His Country. Some time ago brief messages from Siberia made known the news of a dramatic coup d'etat engineered by s Admiral Koltchak, whereby he bes came dictator. It is due, however, to 't the special correspondent of the Lone don Times at Omsk, where the Kolt chak government is established, that x the details of how the admiral came to 8 occupy the supreme position in Omsk, e have been made known. They consti* tute a story as interesting as it is re8 markable, and they help to explain 11 the mysterious part alleged to have ? been played by a British battalion un9 der the well known labor leader, Col. e John Ward. The colonel, who during * the war, is a veteran campaigner, an (" M. P., and a member of the committee of the General Federation of Trades. A Minister Without Power. ^ Some time before the coup d'etat ' took place, a precarious sort of compromise had been effected between * the Socialists Directory and the Siberp j ian government, and the admiral had been made Minister of War. The position, however, was all but a sinecure, since the powers of the office were in the hands of the commanderin-chief, General Boldereff. ) " Admiral Koltchak was, of course, much chagrined to find himself rela? gated to the background, but, like a . good patriot, said little about it, and took the earliest opportunity of proc ceeding to the front to inspect the armies for which he had, nominally, e become responsible. 0 At that time the Tzech commander t had invited the British battalion, the twenty-fifth Middlesex, to attend the nrosontntlnn of rnlnrs to the Tzech j- regiments at Ekaterinburg, in the Ural e region, and Col. John Ward had ac0 cepted for the band and 100 men of _ the battalion. Railway traveling being difficult in Siberia, the admiral's caro riage was attached to the Middlesex . train, and Colonel Ward offered to . constitute his men the admiral's escort for the whole trip round the front. It thus happened that the Russian Minister of War went to inspect his troops with no other guards than British soldiers. Moreover, the hun dred of the Middlesex duly accompanied the admiral to the front, marched up to the outpost line, and the ban<J v played "Tipperury" in defiance of the enemy. It is disputed whether certain ( shells falling in the neighborhood g while the band discoursed were aimed . at the big drum or at the colonel of t the battalion, but this is net essential. t The Middlesex went wherever the ads miral went, indicating plainly to the t Russian soldiers that the British were n standing by their Minister for War. Tho Coup d'Etat. [i But the admiral's tour of the front - came to a sudden end. For reasons best known to himself he made tracks - for Omsk, and there on the night of - his arrivel a number of officers spir ited some of the members of the govf ernment away. The event caused a ii sensation in the town, and there was S not tho slightest doubt but that the - military parpr, with the admiral at its o head, meant to dispose of the ministers in summary fashion. This circumstance afforded Col. John Ward - his opportunity. He warned the adt miral in blunt terms that British pubn lie opinion would regard with pro' found disapproval any attempt to deal 8 with the arrested men except by 0 proper trial. Some daya later the ? prisoners were put on board a train ? headed for China, and flying the Brltn ish flag as a warning to reactionaries I1 on the way. 11 Almost the first act of the newdistator was to make clear Lis position to 8 the British, represented by Col. John e Ward, the senior British officer in 1 Omsk. The air in Omsk was highly k electrical at that moment, the fate of a the ministers still hung in the balance, c' the Socialists and the local Tzech garrison was furious, while the reactione aries were jubilant, anticipating an 8 immediate restoration of the mons archy. Any kind of outburst was posp sible. The Admiral Explains. it tJ The admiral arrived at Colonel Wards's small railway car late one evening with a naval A. D. C. Two guttering candles were the only light, and the compartment was so small n that two out of six persons present had to sit on the floor. The admiral e was brief and to the point. He said he v undertook the task unwillingly, and with no other object than the hope of being able to save his country. To effeet that purpose the first essentials p were a practical government and a o disciplined army. There was no questtiorv at all of a restoration of the monarchy, or of his favoring reaction. He oviifocsori himsolf convinced of the i necessity of establishing a constitut tional government. Admiral Koltchak evidently greatly v valued British support, and was anxi^ ous that a typical representative of British democracy like Col. John Ward ,s should know that although he had become dictator it was with no idea of .. encouraging reaction, but merely for the plain purpose of restoring order, ip without which the country could never be brought to a political settlement. So strongly did Admiral Koltchak I; impress his hearers on this occasion, k with his# sincerity and his quiet int, tensity of purpose, that all since have ?r done everything possible to demonif strate their smypathy with him, and ip to give him such support as was withh in their power. To Help Disabled Men.?Congrcssm man Stevenson has introduced the following bills: i- That any soldier or sailor who has ig suffered the loss of a limb, or an eye, I- or an equivalent injury, in the late war shall be entitled to compensation at a II minimum rate of $50 per month; that any soldier or sailor who has incur rod partial disability equal to 10 per corit or over while in the sendee and who is carrying insurance with the ^ government shall have the right to at once begin to draw monthly installments of his insurance as if he were totally disabled, but shall draw only m in proportion to his disability. ? A That any officer who has served in the national army and who does not cc belong to the regular army shall have re the right, provided they have incurred ^ disabilities while in the service, to be ** retired on the same terms and on the m sump fnmnpnaatlon an likp nfflrers of the regular army. cc , m T1 NAVY'S GREAT OCEAN FLIGHT sc of Calendar of Enterprise from the Start he to the Finish. November, 1917?Conference hetwoen navy and Curtiss engineers at ta Washington, D. C. Kl January, 1918?Working model test- co ed in wind tunnel. Found practical. '? October, 1918?Trial flight of NC-1 bl at Rockaway Beach, L. I. w' November, 1918?NC-1 makes long ca distance trip from Rockaway to Anacostia, D. C., ^58 miles, in 5 hours 19 so minutes. de February, 1919?NC-2 climbs 2,000 ,;h feet in five minutes. aD Feb. 24, 191**?Secretary of navy or- "I ders four planes to be prepared for w< transatlantic flight. April 3^ 1919?NC-2 found to be impractical in design of hull and is taken tb out of the flight. NC-3 and NC-4 as- Iai 9embled at Rockaway. to May 7?NC-4 damaged by Are while !o in hangar- Wings replaced. Elevators "? repaired. on May 8?Three planes leave Rockaway for Trepassey Bay, N. F. May 8?NC-1 and NC-4 arrive at ,b Halifax, N. S., (540 miles). ku NC-4 forced down by motor trouble. be Puts in at Chatham Bay, Mass., for re- br pairs after riding the waves all night. May 10?NC-1 and NC-3 proceed w< m c v. mi ?O tl irom naillUA lu ncpaaac> ill u uvuio 56 minutes (460 miles). May 14?NC-4 flies from Chatham to ',f Halifax in 4 hours 1J) minutes at eighty-flve miles an hour. May 16?Three planes leave Trepas- t0 sey Bay for Azores, 1,250 miles. NC-4 lands at Horta, Azores, in 15 ^ hours, 18 minutes. t0' NC-1 drops in ocean half hour as from Flores. Crew rescued, seaplane t r< a total wreck. NC-3 lost in storm- Forced to deT) scend 205 miles from destination. May 19?NC-3 arrives at Ponta Del- jx gada riding waves under own power. Wings and hull wrecked. Engine J5 struts broken. Out of race. f May 20?NC-4 flies from Horta to ^ Ponta Delgada, Azores, 160 miles, in 1 hour 44 minutes. Wc May 27?NC-4 flies from Ponta Del- an gada to Lisbon, Portugal, 810 miles, Ih 9 hours 43 minutes. Flying then ^ from Newfoundland to Portugal (2,150 miles), 26 hours 45 minutes. m( May 30?J^C-4 flies from Lisbon to a Ferrol, Spain, 300 miles, after a halt at j a Mondego, 100 miles north of Lisbon, .*f owing.to engine trouble. (w May 31?NC-4, in command of Lieutenant Commander Read, landed at ^ Plymouth, England, at 2.26 p. m. Crew of the NC-4?Lieutenant Commander Albert Cushing Read of Lyme, ^ N. H., and Washington, D. C., naviga- yQ tor and captaint rimop stnnp New London. 4J,CUV* ? UII Conn., first pilot. av, Lieut. Walter Hinton, Dayton, Ohio, (u relief pilot. so: Ensign Charles Rodd, Cleveland, ni. Ohio, radio operator. wj Chief Machinist's Mate E. S. Rhodes, Somerset, Pa., engineer. kj] Lieut. James L. Breese, Jr., Califor- j01 nia, reserve pilot engineer. . sa ' kn TRUTH ABOUT U-BOATS (ie Undersea Terror Less Formidable Than Was Supposed. n#J The truth about the German failure sa in submarine warfare is now being re- ^ vealed in publications that no longer cringe under the whip of an official stj censorship that was without conscience ge, or honor. According to the Berlin ,([1 Vossische Zeitung, Germany lost 198 w( submarines during the war, including rpx seven interned in foreign ports and 14 ga destroyed by their own crews. This statement is an admission that 177 he wore sunk by the Allies and lost at sea. wj As most of the U-boats carried as no many men as could be crowded into them, the announcement that 3,000 sailors were drowned in the sinking is not surprising; but the darker tragedy is that the conditions of service on these vessels were so nerve-wrecking gr that several thousand sailors lost their \1 reason and were committed t'". insane jai asylums. Here is an explanation of the mutinous spirit that spread through wj the High Sea Fleet and at last destroy- ai ed its morale. to A final cast of fortune in a battle a with the Allied fleets could no more be jn considered. The keenest and bravest' Hr men were being drafted to the subma- M rines, but as the ghastly truth of the Er horrors of the service became known to every common sailor men refused "s to join the U-boats, and in the end dis- an cipline utterly failed at Kiel. The an navy, which had been the pride of the th kaiser, was a service rotten to the core, all British officers have spoken contempt- so uously of the spirit that surrendered n> thi High Sea Fleet without striking a th blow, but there was no fight left In it. Ih If any other navy had fairly flogged its men into a submarine campaign that t\v was odious in the sight of mankind, he and to engage in which was sure to be Ai suicide sooner or later, would not dis- fr< cipline and the joy cf battle have ceas- to ed to exist in that service? The Ger- da mans fought bravely in the battle of Ai Jutland, and died like men in the Pa- lh eillc when their time came, but they could not endure the ugly U-boat coffins which doomed them to death or the loss of their reason. an The submarine campaign was lost long before the Germans signed the armistice. Listening devices, depth as bombs, and the unerring guns of the or, swarming destroyers made each veil- j!* ture from the base like a forlorn hope, and to find crews became the despair In of the admiralty. At the last but few l(" submarines were in commission, and m it seemed futile to go on building them in quantities. Against a powerful, re- ^ sourceful and active enemy the subma- fa rino is no longer to be (treaded, but ar this could not have been said in the ot first three years of the war. ac BRUTALITY OF THE TURKS. rmenians and Syrians were Murdered by Thousands. Verified stories of the dreadful treatient of Armenians by the Turks and rabs were contained in a statement sued from New York by the American >mmittee for Armenian and Syrian lief. These stories were obtained by r. Loyal L. Wirt, member of the ex?dltion sent to Turkey by the comission who holds numerous affidavits om numerous narrators. These tales institute a tragic chapter of the war. hey were not isolated cases but, in ime instances, were the experiences as many as 5,000 refugees who had en torn from their homes. Hundreds of girls were torn from e other members of their family and ken none knows where by the Turks urds or Circassians. Scores were mpelled to live in captivity naked r -months and suffering from sunisters and beatings. Armenian girls ho escaped death were bartered like ttle. After their fathers or relatives id vainly paid ransom for them, me saw their fathers or friends murr?d. In the tents of the Arabs in e Syrian desert many were bound id forcibly tatooed on the forehead, >s and chin to mark them as Moslem Jmen. Poorer Victims are Killed. Generally, the stories indicate that e captives were moved sometimes in i-ge groups from Armenia southward ward the desert of Syria. The stories Id by at least three Armenian Chrisin girls deal with the movements of e of these great groups consisting of 100 families or 5,000 persons. One story of this awful journey into e desert was told by Takouhi Gruezeichuhian, a girl of eighteen who with r father, mother, four sisters and a other1 were deported from Hadjin, lana province, in May, 1915. They *re moved southward t6 Aleppo and enee further on toward the Syrian sert until the party numbered about 100 families. At Sivaria, she said, ey were told that on payment of 5,000 irkish liras they would be allowed return. "The refugees said they could not re this amount," the Armenian girl Id Dr. Kennedy, one of Dr. Wlrt'g sistants. "Then the Circassians and e tribes of Chechens who had Genii of them, separated out 1,100 of the orer families and took them away, le same evening some of these people turned and said they had escaped and at four hours after they left the Cheens had begun to kill them with >n-studded clubs. The remaining milies raised 1,500 pounds and sent a putation of fifty-two men with it, buy their security. The amount is refused and the men were beaten d sent back. "Theyv raised an additional 500 liras H took 2,000 Turkish pounds in gold the Circassian Beys, who took the sney and tried to force them to sign paper saying the Armenians had id no money to them. The deputain refused to do this and the flftyo men were bound and taken away." A few days later according to the *' fomlHnq rl's story, me reuuuuuiB , re deported from Sivarla and after rht days arrived at Shedadieh, on e river Habour each of Delr-Esr. "On the way," the girl's story went , "150 men were separated and taken ray and soon after the Circassians rerned and divided among themselves me of the clothing which she reoogied as belonging to some of the men torn they had taken away. The next y 300 more men Were taken away and lied." As the refugees resumed their jrney on the following morning she w the bodies of some of the men she ew. They had been clubbed to a h. Stripped by Arabs. "A few days after this," reads the rrative, "they were told that for fety each family of women and ildren was to go to the house of an ab. The Arabs robbed them and ripped them of their clothing and nt them back to the Circassians who gan nt once to kill them with knives, >men and children, about 150 in all. venty-two boys and eleven girls were ved and taken to the tents of the rcassians. Takouhi was taken with re sister to the village of Gerbelleh, lere she was beaten because she did t give them gold they believed she d." After having been kept a while by a rcassian she and her sister were sent another Chechen and then to the use of another Circassian in Sheush. She is now in the orphanage at eriqo and her sister is in an Armenn house in Nusebin. Other incidents, evidently * dealing th this terrible journey of the menians to Shedadieh, were related Dr. Kennedy by Araxa Barutjian, girl of seventeen who was a pupil the American girl's school at Ada* nf Asia. izaur, 111 tut? wcouciu pv? b*w? w. inor near Constantinople. She spoke lglish. "At Hhedadleh." the narrative says he saw a party of 300 men, women id children all naked. It was in July d their backs had been blistered by e sun and many of them had bruises I over their limbs and bodies and res caused by the beating they had reived. During the heat of the day ey would lie covered in the water, as ? pain of the sun was unbearable." "Before she arrived at Shedadieh 'o of her brothers died at Bab and r father at another place. As the abs were taking only unmarried girls 3m among the refugees, her mother Id them she was married. At Shedieh her mother was sold to one abs ar.d she to another and the girl 'ed in his house for a year." I As the Wrights Saw it Ten Years 30.?From an interview with Orville id Wilbur Wright, by William G. lepherd when the Wright brothers turned from Europe ten years ago: "How high can you go?" "As high I want to, but there will never be iv need to go higher than 1,000 feet, that height no known gun could ach you." "How high have you gone?" "Three indred feet. I passed over a halr>n." "How fast have you gone." "Forty iles an hour." "How fast could a machine he made go?" "There's no limit that I know , hut no man. unprotected, could go ster than one hundred miles an hour id stick to his machine. The rush air is too great." "Do you think anybody will ever fly, ross the ocean in an airplane?" "Hard to tell. Depends on whether anybody wants to." "For what purpose will your machine be used?" "Military operations and sport."?Kansas City Star. NICKNAMES OF THE DIVISIONS. Authentic Statement of Origin and Meaning. Twenty-five of the divisions of the American Expeditionary Forces have taken to themselves, or have been presented with, picturesque nicknames. These sobriquets are already widely known, and "the divisions will proba | bly be designated by them by future I war-histories," says The Stars and Stripes, the official paper of the A. El! F., which lists the units together with their nicknames. An account of the manner in which each nickname came to be officially adopted accompanies the list, and reveals the interesting fact . that, In many cases, the nickname is ' less a nickname as we commonly un- , defstand the term than a title of honor. The list runs as follows? Third?Marne Division: Nickname conferred on unit by Maj.-Gen. Joseph T. Dickman following its exploits on the Marne line opposite ChateauThierry. Fourth?Ivy Division: Derived from , insignia, a Roman numeral IV. Fifth?Red Diamond Division: Two derivationsof this unit's nickname are given. The first is as follows: "Diamond Dye?it never runs." The second derivation is quoted from a staff officer and states, "The 'Red Diamond' . represents a well-kno^ problem in bridge-building?it is made up of two adjacent isosceles triangles, which make for the greatest strength." Twenty-sixth?Yankee Division: Delved from the fact that the unit was < 'ormed of New England National . luardsmen and applied because orig- , inal Yankees came from New England. 1 Twenty-seventh?New York Dlvis- t ion: Derived from the fact that per- ( sonnel of unit is from New York. i Twenty-eight ? Keystone Division: derivations of this unit's nickname are From fact that unit formed of men mostly from Pennsylvania, the "Keystone State." Divisional description states, "It has always occupied the center of the corps front?it has had the keystone position." Twenty-ninth?Blue and Gray Diviclon: Derived from fact that men comprising unit were drawn from both northern and southern states. Thirtieth?Old Hickory Division: From fighting qualities of Andrew Jackson, whose military career gained him the same title. Thirty-second?Les Terribles and Iron Jaw: Of these two nicknames, the first was given the unit by a French writer, and the second is derived from the fact that the division, while engaged on the Marne, was employed on both flanks of that salient. Thirty-third?Yellow Cross Division: Derived from insignia of unit. Thirty-fourth?Sandstorm Division: From sandstorms which division encountered while training at Camp Cody, Deming, New Mexico. Thirty-sixth?Lone Star Division: From fact that the Lone Star is the emblem of Texas. Thirty-seventh?Buckeye Division: name is derived from fact that division was formed of the National Guard of Ohio, the Buckeye state. Fortieth?Sunshine Division: Inspired by favorable climatic conditions under which unit trained. Forty-first?Sunset Division: From sunsets of Pacific Coast from which men forming unit were drawn. Forty-second ? Rainbow Division: From fact that the war department decided to make the first National Guard division for service in France a representative American division. Nickname was applied before division was formed. Seventy-seventh?Liberty Division: Nickname derived from unit's insignia, a miniature Statue of Liberty. Seventy-eighth?Lightning Division. Eightieth?The Blue Ridge Boy?: Derived from Blue Ridge Mountains, and is representative of the state of Virginia, Wfest Virginia, and Pennsylvania, which originally formed the unu. Eighty-first?Wildcat Division: Derived from fact that a small stream which flowed through Camp Jackson, where the unit was organized, was called Wildcat Division. Eighty-second?All American Division: From fact that enlisted men represent nearly every state in the union ntid comprise Americans of every racial origin. Eighty-eighth?Cloverleaf Division Adopted because the four-leaf clover is representative of the four states of Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, and North Dakota, from which enlisted men who formed unit were drawn, and is also conventionally the numerical designation of the division, with a loop for each state. Eighty-ninth ? Western Division: From fact that unit was originally formed of enlisted men from states :n the middle west. Ninety-first?Wild West Division: Nickname derived from fact that officers and men came from eight western states. Ninety-second ? Buffalo Division: From Indian wars of pioneer days, when the negro was called upon to aid in suppressing Indian uprisings. The redskin, learning to respect the negroes as soldiers, nicknamed them "Buffaloes." Title is inherited from the 367th regiment incorporated in division. ? Economic experts with the different delegations at the peace conference are making a close study of the disposition to be made of the gold which the Germans are paying for food supplies. This gold is being shipped into Belgium and stored in the Belgian national bank. Realizing there would be a general disturbance of if this cold should be taken to the United States, economists ^ have advanced a plan to hold the metal where it is as security which will *" be gradually redeemed by shipments t of commodities to various parts of the t world. They say this would build up a cycle of credits which would assist in stabilizing world commerce, place t the United States in a splendid, trad- g ing position and eventually make the ( gold available for the Allies who need it as basis for their currency. Experts 1 hold this plan will secure the payment 1 of Allied debts to America and assist c in resorting Allied countries to normal conditions of employment, which the peace missions recognize as absolutely * necessary to the resumption of world i commerce. It is said that the pay- ^ ments of gold by Germany is rapidly reducing the German gold reserve. c GARNERED WITH SCISSORS News From Within and Without the County. CONDENSED FOR QUICK READING Some Items of Fact, Some of Comment and All Helping to Give an Idea of What Our Neighbors Are Saying and Doing. Rock Hill Record June z: Lieut. Roy Barron, U. S. Coast Artillery, who has been on duty In France for nearly two years/arrived nome rroaay morning. Roy is suffering with rheumatism contracted in the service. He has been ordered to the base hospital at Fort McPherson, near Atlanta, and is now there for treatment. He will be kept In the service until cured The local Red Cross has bought a book of complete duplicates of discharge papers, and is very anxious to record all discharge papers for ex-soldiers and rnllors. These duplicates will be signed by the clerk of court In York county, so will be official records and fifty rears, from now will be as good as new. These discharge papers will be received and recorded at the Red Cross ooms above Cloud's store Among those who attended the annual convention of the American Cotton Manufacturers' association at Atlantic City ast week were: W. R. Armstrong of the Wymojo Mill, Alex. Long, preslient of the Argon and Arcade Mills of this city and Carl H. Hart of York. Lancaster News June 3: The first I- 1 *L- L?.??IA j pun-air service un uie cuui i iiuusc jreen for the year was held Sunday ilSTht and there was quite a large at:endance. Rev. E. R. Mason, the new supply pastor of the Lancaster Metho11st church, preached a very able and ogical sermon. The city authorities nade an effort to stop the passing of Lutomoblles while the service was In progress and this made it possible for he audience to hear the speaker Miss de Ette Bennett has returned to ler home In Ashboro, N. C., after a veek's visit to Miss Mary Hough Miss Marie Caskey has entered the Charlotte sanitarium where she will mdergo an operation for the removil of her tonsils and adenoids Ed Jibon, of Charlotte, spent Monday In Lancaster on business J. N. Swaf'ord is spending a few days at his 'ormer home, Gaffney H. M. Johnion, of Gaffney, a former resident of :his city, is the guest of his sister, Mrs. IV. T. Gregory R. W. Graeber, 'ormerly county agent in Lancaster and iow living at Blshopvllle, is here tolay. Mr. Graeber is moving his house'urnishings to his new home ~A nessage from OdeM Horton states that he has landed safely froty overjeas and is now at Norfork, Va., awalN ng his discharge Miss Kate McVfanus, who has been teaching in Knoxville, Tenn., has returned home 'or the summer vacation. Chester Reporter, June 2: The Chester county Rural Letter Carriers asso:latlon held the annual meeting Frilay at the court house, the principal natter of business disposed of being ;he election of officers, which was as 'ollows: D. Ww Robinson, president; r. J. Robins, vice president; W. S. Dunbar, secretary and treasurer. The 'ollowing were elected representatives :o the state convention at Gaifney July 3rd and 4th: D. W. Robinson, S. B. Hardin, J. W. McDonald. C. B. Jorian. Dinner was served the association at the Kirkpatrick hotel A Ford automobile, belonging to Mr. James Horton, of Chester, R. F. D. 3, ivas considerably damaged yesterday morning and two young taien?one a ?on of Mr. Horton and the other T ftrtnnMflnoKlv KlinffoH 1 mr. Lii|nui U~vuujjiuci awi/ uuuqvw up, when the machine left the road ibove Capera Chapel a*d cut two or three somersaults, landing flnallly in a field by the roadside. Two young women who were in the machine were not hurt. The driver of the car claims that the steering apparatus was defective There will be a meeting Df veterans of the late war at the Chamber of Commerce Wednesday afternoon at 5 o'clock for the purpose 3f organizing. A call has been sent out to the various counties of the state to send delegates ta a meeting in Florence this week, at which time a date branch of the American Legion svill be organized, and this will be imnnir thp matters to be considered Wednesday afternoon. Maj. Malcolm L. Marlon said this morning'that Chester county has duplicated past successes, and has gone over the top an the Salvation Army drive. The county was apportioned $2,000, and the imount raised will approximate $2,500, in Maj. Marion's opinion, though complete reports have not been received from many of the precincts. Gastonia Gazette June 2: Mr. T. D. Leagean, an aged white man who ives at the Clara Mill, while operatng a gasoline wood saw near his home Friday afternoon met with a horrible ieath when the saw struck him across he chest and neck, severing his Jugjlar vein, windpipe and laying his Klo **< 9Vi+ ahnnMor tn irrasi upcu num mo am miuu.u.. i point just over his heart. Death vas almost Instantaneous. Mr. Learean was operating the saw and was daclng the wood into the feeder when he attachments holding the saw in lace gave way, throwing it against he man's body. Death occurred about 1:30 o'clock.. Mr. Grover Hope, of he Hope Mercantile company, of Rock fill, S. C., arrived in the city today to issume charge of the firm's store here vhich was bought from Morris brothrs. Mr. Hope expects to move his amily here as soon as he can obtain l suitably residence The corres' -A J- vrui jonuuni in kwuiu uoaiuma %jl j. ik? j*hu Cows says in last week's issue of that ^per: "As always maintained in this olumn, it has been proven again to he satisfaction of everyone concerned, hat mill owners, the plaints of the lisgruntled and Yankee carpet-bagrcrs notwithstanding, are the best riends of their people and have the test interests of their communities at ;eart. During the past week an increase in wages of from 5 to 10 per ent has become effective in all the Vrmstrong mills. Colonel Armstrong s always alert and alive to the very test interests of his employees. Increase of wages is always welcomed ^. t^f| ,?r .... La<y--;V*^ by workers everywhere and would certainly prove to be all that Is desired by those granting same if It was not for the human vultures who prey upon the needs and lavlshness of the mill people. Men and women who were born tired and have put in all their lives searching for an easy living, And an active field with every nostrum, worthless notion, excruciating exact pungent perfume, trashy books and horrible pictures. Even the Word of God has not proven Immune, unscrupulous e.ger.ts charging many times the rmount for Bibles as sold by reputable merchants. A fine slogan for the . mill people would be, "Patronize Only Home Merchants." .King's Mountain Herald. 29th: Rev. Fred J. Hay, of l.lhprtv S f! hna nrcantaH the ma. torate of the King's Mountain Presbyterian church and will enter upon the work Sunday. Mr. Hay is a young man and Is unmarried. He graduated this spring from the Presbyterian Sem- [ inary at Columbia, S. C., and comes highly recommended by the seminary institution...! Five defendants paid , fines in Municipal cdurt this morning .' ! as follows: Bud Wallace, drunk, $5 and costs; J. H. Turner, drunk, $7.50 and costs; M. Sohultz. speeding, costs; Mell Fite, keeping intoxicating ltq.uor for sale, $15 and costs; Joe Williams, receiving intoxicating liquor, $15 and osts. \i ^ DISTRICT COURT PATRONAGE Possible Clean Sweep of AM Present Official*. Washington, June 2.?Interesting . ]' rumors regarding Judicial appoint ments for the western district of South Carolina, which have been current for several days, were renewed here today by South Carolina politicians. It has been goneraHy overlooked in South Carolina that there may possibly be four Federal positions to fill there In the near future and almost certainly three. It is the general belief of many of the South Carolina men who have been here during the past two weeks that the appointment of any one of certain candidates to fill Judge J. T. Johnson's place on the bench will soon mean also the appoihtment of a new district attorney to succeed William J.1" Thurmond of Edgefield, a new clerk in the place of J. B. Knight of Greenville, new assistant to the district attorney and possibly a new United States marshal in the place of Charles J. Lyon of Ahh/MrillA nHVin.11/rK I* la f>10 MflOPul ^ w WVY U1C| MVUVU^U ?b W VM? QVMVAW opinion, as fax as could be secured here, that the marshal may get through safely, it being the Idea that there will be change In the office of district attorney, clerk and assistant to the former. There are said to be certain candidate* who if named may want an entirely new set of court officlals. a great deal of rUgpuuInn Is watnr - on now over this phase of the judgeship's vacancy, though for obvious reasons no one wishes to be quoted. Another feature of *he matter brought to light today is that if the new judge shall ask for new court officials, it may be that their selection may not be held entirely within the lines of the western district. Although it is believed here that in the near future it will b? shown- that the matter of making a recommenda- , tlon for judge will be largely in the / hands of Senator Dial, the opening up of the other places may cause Senator Smith to place a part of this patronage in the eastern district, embracing the counties in the lower and eastern parts or soutn i/arouna. It was also pointed out that the abandonment of the old agreement between. senators and house members concerning patronage appointments, may cause house members froip South Carolina, Including both the eastern and western district members, to take a hand in the distribution, if it becomes apparent that there Is to be a general shake up. ? The district attorney is appointed by the president and it would require his resignation to bring about the appointment of a new man and the same is true with regard to tne position ui marshal. As to clerk of court and minor officials, they are appointed by the Judge and there seems to be no doubt, from what has been learned here, that changes of importance are in sight soon after Judge Johnson's successor is named. The eastern district may figure in the forthcoming distribution of this Federal patronage.?Columbia State. As the News is Reaching the Rhine. ?"Received a oopy of the "Watch On The Rhine today," said a well known citizen whose son is with the army on the Rhine. "It is very full of interesting things. A headline which caught ray eye ran thus: 'Petticoats for Men,' then this: "They tell us that back in the states the women have tackled everything in the line of labor from a city policeman's job to bridge building since the men of the land went to war, . ?i ? "">n ana rcatlimlnf? ana now wueu mcoc ?.v _ the women are tenaciously sticking to their new'jobs. They seem to like overalls and sledge hammers and policemen's clubs, and plows better than dish rags, rolling pins and thimbles, '.t begins to look as if the man might have to don the apron in order to earn his dally bread. And what Alls us 'more than ever with forebodings to the fact that next year is leap year. What great secret schemes might not be under way among the female of the species for an overinrow 01 me oiu order of things and the establishment of a new one! They have the full assurance?thanks be to Kipling?tl?t If they so desire they can drive a man . from his half-acre lot and take It for themselves. If we should learn that the plot has been laid, and discover that we are virtually ousted already, we might as well meet the Issue with heroic resignation. Let come what may. the spirit of adventure will carry us through." Worse.?Tytephlst?"Is there anything more exasperating than to have a wife who can cook but won't do it?" . Dyspeptic?"Yes, to have one that can't cook and will do it."?Boston Transcript. Foolscraps!?Babb?Say, old chap, what's an armistice? Gabb?A scrap of paper!?H. C. Winter. .. , ^