Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, April 08, 1919, Image 1

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YORKYILLE ENQUIRER. ~~ | - I3SPKD SKMI'WEggLT. l. m. c-rist-s sons, pubiube?. } % <4?niitg JJnrajapn: ^or (he Jlramofian a| thf |olitii;at, facial, ^gri^nMapI and Commercial Jnteresls of th< fjtaplj. { TE"^!^opIEMv?Nei^iANCI Established 1855 YORK, 8, C, TUESDAY. APRIL 8, 1919. ~ ~ NO.28 MANAGER OF THE RAILROADS Director General Hlnes Does Not Favor Government Ownership A GREAT SERIOUS MAN OF BUSINESS Man Now at the Head of the Railroads of the Country Is a Lawyer Who Has Outstripped Others In His Profession. "An old prank of Fate," which somehow or other seeins to be always up to something prankish, now appears in the fact that Walker Downer Hines, attorney for railroads and their defender against government control, should now be serving against the government as director-general of railways. And it is the Nation's Business that points out this surprising official, says a writer in this periodical. ' ' * hv thp In - ne uppuscu itvtvo uiuuvu - terst&te Commerce commission. He v opposed any more railroad legislation at all. He declared himself against gov emment ownership, saying that it would cause "delay in getting action from political or government railway managers." Now he is government manager of nearly ail our roads and runs the job beneath the roof of the Interstate commerce building! The somersaulting here obviously son, Topeka lb Santa Fe railway comwas done by the situation and not by llr. Hines. It all goes to show what u war can do to a country when it tries. It has set Mr. Hines to solve a problem more vast and baffling than any railroad man has ever faced before. And now' he is at it at least ten hours ? every day absorbed. It was while acting as counsel for the Louisville & Nashville railroad that Mr. Hines found and developed the opportunity that brought him forward. The railroad came into conflict with the Interstate commerce law; and in consequence Mr. Hines mastered the intricacies of that statute with a thoroughness that led to his cal' to New York as counsel for the Atchinson, Topeka & Santa Fe railway com pany and to his subsequent prominence in railroad affairs. Thus we read: In the last fifteen years, Walker Hincs has been appearing in the highest courts of this country, arguing intricate railroad issues, several times summing up before the supreme court in masterful fashion the labors of batteries of other legal celebrities. His brief in the Minnesota and North Carolina rate case of 1908 in one of the finest ever written. Before the Interstate Commerce commission he represented the anthracite carriers !h the coal-rate investigations, the Santa Fe in the famous five per cent case, the New Haven stockholders in the commission's Investigations of that rood. He has pleaded for all our express companies united against reducing their rates. In all these historic conflicts Mr. Hines displayed that modern legal eloquence which is overwhelmingly effective by reason of its very simplicity and directness. From the seventh year, when he made his first dollar selling tomatoes for his mother, to his sixteenth year, when he became a shorthand reporter, in the circuit of his state, to his twenty-third year, when he finished a university law course in one year, to his thirty-first year, when he was appointed first vice-president of the Louisville & Nashville, he has always exhibr ited the same conscientious devotion to his duty, the same exhaustive thoroughness. He had a natural endowment of genius in a precocious mind; but the real secret of his wizardry in bringing order out of the chaos of thought is his method of studiously exploring any problem to its depths before attempting an answer. His * zeal for getting facts first hand has often appalled men of lesser resolution. -- - As one of his closest friends declares: "When Walker Hines quits a subject, it's finished." Mr. Hines was born in Russellville, " 9 1S7ft anrl hi? j\.eii(.uen>, x' cui uui j . ehief regret Is, we learn, that he was ^ not born on a farm. Says the article further: "Nobody here remembers having seen Walker Hines play games," I am told in a letter received from an old friend of the director-general, still living in the Kentucky town where his boyhood was spent. "He was a youth without humorous episodes. He was always very studious. He was devoted to his little sister and worshiped his widowed mother who was a model southern woman and one of the very finest women God ever made." And yet Walker Hines, take him the year around, is one of the most normal of American men of business. He f. has an ideal home life with a wife and a daughter of sixteen. He takes long walks when he can. On his vacation he rides a horse, sails a boat, or starts out in pursuit of one of those pestiferous golf-balls. He was born with good health and has conserved it, And he reads for amusement: one evening it is "Bab Ballads," the next Boswell's "Johnson." He doesn't smoke, He sleeps soundly. No. if you wish to know Walker Hines as he is, you must know hirr " If ?V>?> ncniT-inT VOIlths ol the coming generation are to have inspiration from his life, they will line there no log-cabin birth place, no chapter of picturesque cow-punching on th< ^ western plains, no dramatic moment! of high wit or sudden daring. Hi! achievement is something more modern, more difficult. As to the ideas about governmem ^ entertained by the new head of th< railroads, we learn, He believes with our forefather: that "that country Is governed bes which is governed least." Yes he say! "government is a serious task; it is i big man's job." "The greatest defec is our system of government," he ha: ^ argued, "is its failure to tlx responsl bility. Wo have outlined the necessit; of longer heeding Montesquieu's guar anty of democracy, a separation o legislative and executive functions.' In other words, we must cease passing ^ the buck in Washington, in our stat legislatures, our county seats. Thi slang is not Mr. Hines's, though th thought is. As to politics, Mr. Hines is a Demo crat. He confesses he is radical in hi social thinking. He believes that th i industrial processes of the United I States would profit by being "socialized" more than they are. As to a violent upheavel in this country, "we have at hand the means of coping witt every crisis that can -impend." Mr. Hines's first public message on taking office was a plea for a better j understanding of our railroad problem. A vigorous difference of opinion will not shock or disturb him. He will meet it calmly. He will generously and patiently examine every issue that is raised. He will go to the very bottom of this problem. GERMANY'S PRIZE COLONY. Togoland, on the Gulf of Guinea, Has .Been Most Successful. Concerning Togoland, one of the earliest and richest of German colonies, whose disposition is being considered i by the peace conference, the National Geographic society has issued the following bulletin from its headquarters in Washington: "Togoland is shaped like a hogshead, with a 32'mile base rest on the Gull of Guinea, its sides swelling to more than three times that w.dth, crowding the British Gold Coast possessions tc the west, and French Dahomey on the east, and its narrow top tapering intc the^Niger region. "Germany annexed Togoland in 1884, the year she launched upon hex colonial expansion with the acquisition also of northeastern New Guinea and the Bismarck Archpelago. Togoland was the first colony to dispense with imperial subsidy. "Along the seacoast Togoland's soil if rich and sandy, its climate warm and moist. The hinterland is higher, wooded and drier, but seldom arid. Thus the land is adopted to a wide variety of products, among which the growing of cocoanuts, corn, rice, tobacco and coffee already have been highly sue A?p?v/vn4a in/tlll/la />An_oi Hor. <Jt?SK3JLUI. XUC CAyui U3 1UV uu? vvuu*MV? able quantities of ivory, xernels, copra, palm oil and rubber. "This colony affords a commentary upon Germany's application of bureaucratic methods to her po:.;sessions. Despite heavy German emigration to the United States and South America, and despite her effort to divert this flow tc her colonies, only about 300 Germans tftere to be found among the million natives of Togoland in 1910. .Most ol the 300 were engaged in government , service, either in the c.?ast cities oi Lome, a made-to-order town which Germany planted on the site of a fishing village, and Little Popo, or the inland government stations at Misahohe, or Bismarkburg. "Togoland lies along the famous Slave Coast of Africa. Behind the treacherous shoals and bars slave traders defied cruisers from the shelter ot lagoons and inlets that abound along the shores where they obtained their human stock in trade. They found the native chiefs, especially the Dahomeys, coastal people of Togoland as well as of Dfthomev. onlv too ready to barter human beings for rum and trikets. Tribal leaders made forays to supply the demand- Frequently they burned villages by night and corralled the inhabitants when they fled. "Northern tribes of Togoland are mostly Hausa, a mixed negro race, who have become civilized and industrious. But the Dahomeys, in the south, present a curious blend of shrewdness, cruelty, and superstition. Small, robust and athletic, they climb trees like monkeys, easily become fluent linguists, but cling to fetichism and still practice cannibalism. "The King of the Dahomeys is a tribal Deity. He controls the lives and property of his subjects. Formerly he was regarded as more ethereal than human; he was believed to require , neither food nor sleep. He strengthened that impression by having all food served to him in solitude, and hearing petitions from behind a screen. Consultation with his ministers was car ried on through his wives, who were state dignitaries. Genuine Amazons formed his bodyguard, and these warrior women were reputed to be as fearless and brave as those of Greek mythology, and much more critical. "Only the sons of the dada. or queen, were regarded as heirs. From among the Amazons the sovereign selected other wives, but all except the favored few were celibates. The king was considered the father of all his subjects. "The Bolsheviki are doing nothing new in their reported arrangement for interchange of infants among the various mothers of the community nurseries set up by the Soviets. In Dahomey children were taken from their mothers at an early age and given tc , other families so they might form nc ues wmon wuuiu tuum ;t wiiii uicu allegiance to the king. "Any object blessed by the Dahomej priests became a fetich. Snakes wer< held in special esteem. Formerly children were regularly sacrificed and human beings were roasted for food. Tri( bal dances were amazingly intricate some lasting 36 hours. So imbued wen the Dahomeys with belief in immortality that they readily volunteered foi sacrifice and the wives of Dahomey like those of India, often chose to di< . when their husbands did. , "Togoland's area is about equal t< f that of Maine. Two northern towns Yendi and Sansane Mangu, lie alonf I the caravan route from Ashanti to th< Niger region. ? "Germany edged into t .e Slave Coas . because, in 1884, the narrow portioi . still ruled by King Togo was the onb part from the Gambia to the Niger no controlled by some civilized power t Bremen merchants had stations there . So Germans persuaded the Togo rule to place Togoland under the suzerain 5 ty of Germany. Subsequently the Ger t mans made claims to inland territor 5 which brought about boundary dis , putes with France and Great Britaii t until the frontiers were fixed in 1899. S Logical Wish. On the outskirts o k. Philadelphia is an admirable stocl farm. One day last summer some poo f children were permitted to go over thi farm, and when their inspection wa , done, to each of them was given i ^ glass of milk. The milk was excellenl "Well, boys, how do you like it? the farmer said, when they had drain ed their glasses. "Fine," said one little fellow. Thei s after a pause, he added," 1 wish ou milkman kept a cow."Journal of th American Medical Association. SOLDIERING WITH THE A, E.F. ; Notes and Comments on Trip Through Central France L GOOD HIGHWAYS AND POOR RAILROADS i . Glimpse of Big Salvage Camp Arrested in Dragnet Honest Tribute to the Red Cross Individual Estimate of Service Stripe Hopes to Get Home in Six Weeks. La Pallice, France, March 17. Al, though occasionally there is a high spot that seems worthy of mention in a letter, life over here generally is a continuous hum-drum not exactly | hum-drum every day; but hum one I day and drum the next I have just returned from a trip to Romorandin, where I have been with a convoy of touring cars, mostly Cadllacs. There were twenty-five cars in 1 the convoy, and we went over the [ roads at all kinds of gaits from 10 to r 15 miles up to 60.or 70 miles an hour. ' During the two first nights| out we stopped at the best hotel on the way, ' and during the second two nights out we stopped in an old barracks near a German prison camp, under arrest. J Immediately upon our arrival at Romorandin, the officer in charge of the | camp informed us that we were under ^ arrest, the whole bunch of us. Just what the matter \^as we did not know. 1 He lined us up, called the roll, and after every man had answered his ' name, he went into an examination of nnr Hnc torn. Ha was not satisfied and called for passes, orders and letters of identification, and after all these were produced, we were sent | around to the prison barracks already mentioned. As to what we were wanted for I had no idea, whether for murder, ar' son, highway robbery, or some minor offense, it was a matter of guess work, and as I did not care particularly, I did not waste any time guessing. If anybody had told me a year ago, that I could have been so indifferent to 1 such a proceeding I would have thought they were crazy. But then I had not been taught that so far as the J ordinary rights of a human being were concerned, I was only a number-^that | the number on my dog tag was about the only remaining connection between me and anybody else in the world, except first, the members of my family, and next, friends and acquaintances over there. And so far as commissioned officers are concerned, I have learned to look upon them Just as they do me. I know that they have , the authority and I must obey, regardless, whether they know what they are talking about, and sometimes they don't know; but that is not my funeral t admit, however, the very oddo site of what it ought to be and do not have the satisfaction of saying "I told you so," when the officer is forced to reverse himself. Even military authority cannot make a round peg fit a square hole. We were turned out of the guardhouse Monday. The officers did not tell us; but we learned that a sergeant who had given his name as George Crake, had broken a gate for a French woman at Poiters. She complained to the authorities at Tours; but we had already passed Tours, and the authorities there telephoned ahead to Romorandin, where we were arrested. After all of us had been, looked over in the manner described, without finding the man wanted, the French woman was told to go to Romorandin and Identify "Sergeant George Crake"; but when she balked at the idea of going 250 miles to get the fellow, we were turned loose. Romorandin is probably the largest automobile and airplane salvage vmuv in France. There are thousands and thousands of motor vehicles of all kinds. Included among them are many that have been taken from the Germans, and there are motorcycles of all kinds. They are parked in a great field that covers hundreds of acres, and it looks like a great graveyard, for of the thousands of machines here, I have an idea that very few of them will ever be moved except possibly as [ junk. There is a big French aviation camp near here, and it is still active- I saw as many as fifty machines in the air [ at one time machines that are being tried out, mostly. I might mention also that the Fort Leavenworth of the American expedi[ tionary forces is located here. It is to this place that they send the German prisoners who are convicted of various offenses by courtmartial. We had quite a pleasant time going to Romorandin; but it was not nearly so pleasant coming back. On the way over each man in a touring car of the very best make that is turned out in America, and doing pretty much as he ' pleased, we were aDie 10 see qu lit; lui ' of central France. There were no American garrisons in the towns at which we put up, and therefore no military police to bother us, and we ' did pretty much as we pleased. "It was fine "eats" that we had at } the hotels, and good long prices that we paid for them; but I did not enjoy ' the eats so much as I enjoyed the ' beds. The beds were surely fine and made me think of things back home. t Yes, I have got accustomed to roughing it in camp, and I can sleep on the . ground if I have to; but I would not t have anybody think I like it that way . yet. And as much better as these fine hotel beds are than the bunks in r camp, they do not come up to the beds that mother used to make for me, or the one that she is keeping for me y nowComing back from Romorandin, it - * Wo had to take ^ was IIUL 2>u picaounv. if v the freight trains for it. The traffic is so heavy and the rolling stock so j- scarce, for us common soldiers to K think of traveling by passenger train r Is out of the question. It is either travel on a dinky freight train or walk, s and I am not sure which is the best a choice. The train would be more speedy except for the fact that they ? have no idea of systematic connection. You are just as apt as not to be held up for six, eight or ten hours. n Arriving at Tours at 11 o'clock last Friday night, and finding that there e was no hope of striking another freight train in the direction of La Ro chelle until 4-30 next momlngr, I put In most of the night writing letters. But let me say that it was not nearly as bad as it might have been. There were about fifty of us. The Red Cross furnished us a room, and they gave us plenty of good food for almost nothing. Some of the boys slept, some walked about, some put in the time reading and some writing. I wrote about a dozen letters. The train came in about 6 o'clock and finally we got started along our weary way. I have said in previous letters that I did not think much of the French; certainly not the class of French I come in contact with mostly. They strike me as being mean, selfish profiteers, and then they are low and dirty. Maybe I see them at their worst, and it may be that our own people would not be much better if we had gone through what these people have gone through; but I cannot believe ! that. However, lest 1 convey the im pression that I do not like anybody or anything, let me say that I am always willing to hand it to the Red Cross. They will do anything In reason for | you any and all the time. Such cheerful usefulness as they show I have never known, unless I am allowed to say that It came from my mother. The Red Cross is easily the biggest thing of the war, not excepting the breaking of 'the Hindenburg line and the signing of the armistice. Three days more and I will be entitled to a gold stripe for six months foreign service. Of course I prize that, and shall always be proud of it; but let me be honest with the confession that I do not feel like staying over here tor a gold stripe. If I had my choice about embarking today and giving up the Btripe that will belong to me next Thursday, I would Immediately get on board the boat. But then again, you know, after having earned the stripe, I would not sell it for any amount of money. The major told us a few days ago that we would be sent to an embarkation camp within six weeks. That sounds good; but we do not bank <m anything of that kind. A soldlei never knows what is going to be done to him or what is going to happen until after it has happened or been done. If the major's promise comes good, we will start away from here about the first of May and get home sometime before the first of June. To me that looks like ages and ages. By the way, it might be of interest to mention that on our way back from Romorandin we saw lots of passenger cars that had been taken from the Germans. At Romorandin there were Innumerable German airplanes, motor transports, baby tanks and cars loaded with ammunition. The German passenger cars are about twice as good as the French cars and almost everything else the Germans make is of superior quality. That might not sound pleas A 4M A# ?no At% tvvnr f>i pro mil iu aunic ui mjr * vuuviw<v? ?i?w. V| but it is either state the fact or say nothing, and here is the faot. Lewis M. Grist THE SAWED OFF SHOT-GUN. How Engineers Stopped Huns at Chateau Thierry. The sawed-off repeating shot-gun, loaded with buckshot, which was pictured and described in our pages a few weeks ago, appeared in the critical fighting around Chateau Thierry, and more than won its rights to be considered a real American addition to the horrors of war at least from the German standpoint. The gun worked to such good effect that, to quote Capt. J. H. Hoskins, who used one, "the Kaiser would have won himself a war on June 6 had he only pressed his advantage, and had it not been for those shotguns." Captain Hopkins was in command of a company of engineers in those terrific days; but, bad as the Americans needed engineers, they needed combat troops worse, so the captain's company was thrown in to assist the marines. By the time the company, reduced from 246 men to 72, was ordered to fall back to a trench where the shotguns awaited them, the Germans seemed to be having things much their own way in that section of the battle-front. In a recent issue of the Nashville (Tenn.) Banner, Captain Hoskins tells the story of the turn of the battle: On June 6, though we were engineers, we got orders to go into the fighting in support of the marines In Belleau Woods as combat troops. We hiked twenty-seven miles in nine hours without stopping to eat. We got into the scrap between two regiments of marines and fought against overwhel ming odds, our opponents being the Prussian guards. The 246 men of our company had been reduced to seventytwo and ammunition was nearly exhausted when orders came to fall back to the first line of trenches near by. When we rolled into these we fought with those automatic shotguns stacked up in bunches of eight, with extra ones lying on the first parapet in the rear wall of the trenches and plenty of shells handy. Each gun had a shell in the chamber and five in the magazines. Each shell was loaded with twelve big buckshot and twenty-eight grains of ballistite powder. It nearly kicked us down every time, but we didn't mind that when we saw the execution done to the Germans. The way those squirrel-hunting Americans used the weapons was thoroughly effective. Our colonel had ordered that no one should fire until he gave the command, and it looked to me that he waited until they were almost on top of us. But when the word came those guns opened up in earnest. The Germans were advancing very confidently, for they knew we were in desperate straits. That shotgun volley was new to them. They were advancing well bunched, and every time a gun fired three or four Germans would go down. The more the surprise gripped them, the closer they would huddle, and the deadlier was the fire. When they could stand it no longer they began to fall back, bunched in closer than ever, with corresponding destruction from the guns. Not a German reached our lines after Komn "nine fhnoc ahrttpunn and I'll tell the world that on June 6 the Kaiser had won himself a war had he only pressed the advantage and had it not been for those shotguns. What Next? Willie: If the Mississippi is the father of waters, why don't they call It the Mistersippi? MAKING OF TREATIES Drafting and Preservation of Ver] Great Importance MUST BE A COPY FOR EACH SIGNEI There Have Been Some Changes in th< Formalities; But the Changes Have Not Been Very Great It Was Formerly a Custom to Give Honora riums to the Clerks. "Scraps of paper," otherwise known as treaties, require much more time for construction than they do for destruction; so, considering the magnitude and difficulty of the problems involved, impatience with the deliberates of the delegates employed in making the new Treaty of Paris is somewnat unreasonaoie. ror, a writer In The London ' Magazine tells us, speaking of the conferences that preceded the formal terminations of other conflicts: In the Crimean war, for example, the conference lasted from February 25 to (March 30; in the Spanish-America^ war, from October 1 to December 10; in the Russo-Japanese war, from August 9 to September 5. The preparation of the treaty itself is a long task, as peace treaties are elaborate doouments. Until recent years. they were written by hand in the blackest of ink, on vellum or on a specially, made linen paper known as "treaty paper." But of late years they have been typewritten and then printed, all precautions being taken against premature "leaks" on the printing establishments entrusted with the work. Says the writer, continuing the discussion: Following established precedent, treaties of peace practically always begin with an appeal to the Almighty, MAu nom de Dleu tout puissant" being th6 formal most frequently said. In treaties with Roman Catholic countries, however, the phrase, "In the name of the most Holy and Undivided Trinity" is frequently substituted; while in a treaty with the Mohammedan state the formula is altered to "In the name of*Allah the Almighty God" Jn the copy allotted to the representative of that country. For each of the signatory Powers one copy is signed and sealed. These certified copies are for convenience of reference, and for printing duplicate copies from, since the original signed and sealed treaty is a most precious and carefully guarded document, and seldom sees the light of day once it is stored away in the state archieves of the signatory Power. Peace treaties are not written (or printed; straight across the page, or pages, like ordinary documents. They ttte written in parallel columns, one in English, the next in French, the next in German, Italian, and so on, according to-the number of languages in use in the signatory powers. The text of each of these columns is an exaci translation of the texts of all the other columns, and utmost care is taken in the selection of words that will convey identical shades of meaning. The seals affixed to ratified treaties are usually very elaborate, and in order the better to preserve them, it is customary to enclose them in little round silver boxes. Most treaties, too, are bound either in crimson morocco, or in red velvet, tied about with gr?. . cord. Many of the treaties in the British Record office, however, are stored in cylinders, boxes, portfolios, and bags, There are thousands of these documents, all carefully protected. When they were stored in the foreign office, they were kept in five-ton safes that were so carefi/lly constructed that when the Emperor Frederick of Germany saw them he smilingly commented to the earl of Derby, "You are evidently determined that no one shall break your treaties." The treaties In the record office include, as well as peace treaties, others relating to such matters as fishery rights, boundary questions, and commercial arrangements. There are also many so-called "domestic treaties," such as Queen Victoria's marriage treaty and the treaty for the marriage of Princess Charlotte, dated 1816. All these documents were removed to secret places of still greater security during the period of air-raids. There is a curious story in connection with the only copy of a treaty belonging to a foreign nation that has been, for a while, stored in the British archieves. In 1877 a sailor called at the foreign office with a brown paper parcel, which was found to contain the original Bolivian copy of the treaty of September 29, 1840, between Great Britain and Bolivia. Says the article further: The sailor had, it appeared, been present in Bolivia during one of their, at that time, periodical revolutions, whon tViA state archives were thrown into the streets by the revolutionists. A thin book, bound in crimson velvet, fell at his feet, and, stooping, he picked it up and brought It away with him. On examining it, he saw that it was a document of importance, so on his return to England he took it to the foreign office in London. Here it was stored away for safety and forgotten. But eighteen years afterward that is to say, in 1895 the Bolivian government apparently woke up to the fact that their precious treaty was missing, and communicated with the foreign office, asking if it could oblige them with a certified copy. Search was made, with the result that the government was able to let them have, not a copy merely, as asked for, but the original document, so strangely lost and so strangely preserved. It was quite perfect, save that the usual wax seal in its silver box was missing This, doubtless, was looted by the Bolivian mob during the revolution. Although modern peace treaties are so carefully guarded In this country even the certified copies being jealouslj kept from prying eyes, cases have occurred where their contents have beer prematurely and Illicitly made public. One notorious Instance of this occurred In connection with the publication by The Globe newspaper of the full text of the secret Anglo-Russlar treaty of May, 1878. This was published In June, on the eve of the congress of Berlin, and the disclosures caused consternation in Russia and 'England alike. The affair was traced to a foreign office clerk named Marvin, who had secretly made a copy of the document, which he sold to The Globe. He was 1 arrested, but as the official secrets act had not been then passed, it was held that no charge could lie against him, and he was discharged. | An earlier case of the kind occurred in 1827, when The Times published the text of a secret treaty signed in July i of that year between Great Britain, > Frence, and Russia. The mystery of how the newspapers In question ob tained possession of the text erf this highly confidential document has never i been cleared up to this day. As how> ever, the original of the treaties were at that time stored in cupboards with glass doors, and fitted with ordinary ' common locks, in a private house in White hall, used as an annex of the l war office, it is not difficult to see how i an unscrupulous person might have ob toinoH qppoqq to thorn In days gone by the signing of the peace treaty would have been hailed with glee by the higher officials and clerks of our foreign office, since it ' was then customary to mark suclr auspicious occasions by a wholesale distribution of money gifts among those most nearly concerned. i These gifts came from the governments of the foreign states with whom the treaties were made, and were frequently of considerable value. Thus, ; in 1793, a sum of ?1,000 was received from the Russian government for distribution among the under secretaries and chief clerks of the British foreign office on the occasion of the ratification of two treaties between our King George III and the empress of Russia. The king of Sardinia, in the same year, sent ? ?600 to -be similarly distributed, and like sums al^o. forwarded by the Spanish, Prussian, Austrian, and Sicilian governments. These "good old times" must indeed have been'"good" ones for the officials concerned, since the whole of these large sums was divided between about tea. or twelve people. In 1831, however, the practise was discontinued. In conclusion, the writer states that the first signature to the new treaty of Paris should be that of the representatives of Germany; for, This is because precedent demands that the original copy of a peace treaty shall be signed in the alphabetical order of the various countries' names, and the official title of Germany, Deutsches Reich, comes first on the list America will sign under her official title of United States of America. Austria as Osterreich. and Brazil as Estados Unidos do Brazil. Even after all the representatives of the contracting powers have affixed their signatures and seals to the treaty, however, it has to be ratified by the actual rules of the countries, who also sign and seal it ST. PAUL*CATHEDRAL. i Most Noted English Church with a Story. "Even the war could not stop work on St Paul's Cathedral in London. The famous church, like the English constitution, represents a growth of centuries and not a definite period of i construction." This statement is made in a bullei tin of the national geographic society in connection -with a London dispatch which notes a request for additional funds to complete repair work on St. Paul's. "England's esteem for the historic edifice !o shown by the continuation of the restoration work throughout the war despite the interruption to practl cally all other buildings," the bulletin says. "Still fresh in p.tblic memory is the notable Service of Consecration attended by royalty and distinguished Americans then in Lonon, held in St. Paul's April 20, 1917 to commemorate the entry of the United States into war. "St. Paul's is the largest Protestant church in the world. Its dome is one of the most beautiful. The church embodies architectural ideas of many i periods, because it is not the product of a generation, or even a century. True, Sir Christopher Wren is credited with the structure as it stands today, but he embodied many features of the famous 'Old St. Paul's' razed in the great London fire 1666. Wren did not wish the restoration to be after the 'Gothick Rudeness of the old design.' But he was compelled to i modify his own plans to a considerable extent said he, of the balustrade addd over-his veto, 'Ladies think nothing ' well without an edging.' "To this famous mathematician, as:ronomer, and architect the London fire blew much good. He had commissions to draw plans for rebuilding half a hundred churches. From these were modeled many of the American churches of Colonial days. For his .nasterpiece, St. Paul's Sir Christopher i 's said to have received less than the equivalent of $1,000 a year, an amount which might engage the attention of a modern architect of his standing for an afternoon's consultation. The building was paid for by a tax on seaborne coal to London. "Travelers are apt to pass by an inscription on the south porch pediment, 'Resurgam' (I shall rise again) as a i religious reference to the Resurrec1 tion. When the architect was sur! veying the ruins he wished to mark ' the center of the projected dome. He > asked a workman to hand him a stone. The workman chanced to pick up a chip from an old tomb bearing the inscription, which Sir Christopher 1 adopted. "The motto was appropriate. Some ; historians believe the cramped Ludgate Hill site originally was that of a ' Roman shrine of Diana. A Christian > church is known to have been built there in the early seventh century. It was burned two decades after William ' the Conqueror came to England. From - the ruins emerged 'Old St. Paul's.' ' Fire destroyed that building too, but it was restored on an even more pre1 tentious scale. "At the 'Old St. Paul's' John Wycliflfe faced the charge of heresy, Tyndale's New Testament was burned, : Wolsey heard the reading of the Pap' -1 T onH iinHpr ' ?11 UUlIUClllliabiuu U1 uuiuvtt MMV. 'Powle's Cross', now marked by a memorial, heretics were forced to recant and witches to confess. I "Even before the great Are 'Old St. Paul's was crumbling, partly from a succession 01 iignimng siroKes, ana partly from neglect. Wine cellar* and workshops were to be found beneath Its lengthy corridors. The old building was nearly as long as the Union station at Washington, D. C. The nave became 'Paul's walk' a promenade. "Two towers, as well as the dome, make the new St. Paul's conspicuous. In one tower 'Great Paul,' a 17-ton bell booms dally at one p. m. A small bell tolls when there is a death in the royal family. "Tombs of Wellington and Nelson, Turner and Reynolds, and of other famous men are to be found In St. Paul's. Over Wren's grave Is a plain tablet bearing a Latin ' Inscription counseling the visitor to look about him if ha would find the architect's monument. "Sir Christopher should have be come renowned as a city planner as well as a church builder. After the Are he prepared a plan that would have made London a city of wide streets and radiating avenues. But Londoners had become reluctant to relinquish property in family tenure for years, unlike citizens of such newer cities as Baltimore and Chicago. St. Paul's itself has owned a farm in Tssex since the seventh century." ACREAGE REDUCTION FIGURES. Conference in Columbia Learns that South Will Cut 31 Per Cent The south's cotton acreage in 1919 will be 31.08 per cent less than in th<5 previous year, according to a report on acreage reduction estimates from all the cotton growing states submitted by the South Carolina cotton association here today. The report presented before a cotton reduction convention, at which it was an.ounced 800 delegates were present, epresenting every county in the state, also announced unfavorable weather for planting 90 per cent of the cotton belt That 50 'per cent less commercial fertilizer will be used this year that there is a market labor shortage, and "inroads of the boll weevil will be more serious than for years past" were other statements made in the report, which gave detailed figures of estimated reductions in each state, showing the big cotton producing states of Texas, Georgia, Mississippi and Oklahoma by these figures pledged to raise one-third less cotton this year than last. The following table of acreage re- j duction percentage by states was presented. state. rieaucuon **ct. Virginia 33 1-3 North Carolina , 24 South Carolina : 31.15 Georgia 33 1-3 Florida 24.55 Alabama ; 33 4-3 Mississippi 33 1-3 Louisiana 9 Texas 32 1-3 Arkansas 25 Tennessee 16 Missouri 6 Oklahoma 33 1-3 California 20 Arizona 25 Totals 31.08 "The association has not only hac'l pledges on reduction carefully tabulated and checked," says the report, "but has had a personal investigation made in each section for the purpose of being as near accurate as it is humanly possible to be in this estimate. The association report is certainly the most accurate report ever issued for South Carolina, the same being the result of practically a personal canvass of the farmers of the state. It is also probably the most accurate report on all conditions covered in the report ever issued." , Addresses were made by United States Senator E. D. Smith, of South Carolina: Congressman J. Thomas Heflin, of Alabama, and Asbury F. Lever, of South Carolina; Governor Robert A, Cooper, and W. B. Thompson, of New Orleans. The convention elected 10 delegates to the cotton convention scheduled for Memphis, April 10, and 20 delegates to the New Orleans convention May 1. The convention ended today. Columbia special of Thursday to Charlotte Observer. SOUTH'S NEW DAY. Hog and Hominy Doctrine of Henry Grady Recalled. Has It come? Is it approaching? We hope so. Thirty-one years ago Henry Grady of Atlanta delivered a speech in New England which made a more lasting impression possibly on the country than any one speech ever delivered by any human "being, t marked the dawn of what was then termed the new south, and it contained truths and statements which are invincible, and which it would do well to recall at this time. There was never a greater truth contained in the same words than the following brief extract from that great speech, for a great speech it was. We wish every farmer who reads this, and every other one who could hear of it, would make it a part of his creed, and if he would, then in fact would the new day dawn, and until It is made the creed of the southern farmer there will never dawn a new day for the ~outh. We wish every one would clip this from the paper and put It up somewhere where he could see it every morning before he went out Into the field. Listen: "When every farmer in the south shall eat bread from his own field and meat from his own pastures and disturbed by no creditor, and enslaved by no debt, shall sit mid his teeming gardens and orchards and vineyards, and dairies, and barnyards, pitching his crop in his own wisdom and growing tn indenendence. making cot ton his clean surplus, and selling it in his own time, and in his chosen market, and not at a master's bidding getting his pay in cash and not in a receipted mortgage that discharges his debt, but does not restore his freedom then shall be breaking the fullness of our day." Cotton reduction and cotton holding is a good thing and the right thing to do Just now, but these things are only temporary and can not be enduring. The only way to bring a new day for the south and commercial and financial freedom for the southern farmer is to adopt and to follow the creed contained in Henry Grady's great speech. Newberry Herald and News. - IKIED ru IAHH KA1SEK Lake Lea Fixed Dp Seasattoital Enterprise PLANNED GIFT TO PRESIDENT WILSON With Gang of Foarlota American* Tan* nessee Colonel Had Arranged a Scheme, Which if it Had Been 8uo* ceuful Would Have 8et Million* of Tongue* to Wagging. There has been a lot of talk and rumor for soma time write* a Waahinrton correspondent about an alleged attempt to kidnap the former emperor of Germany. All of the talk ha* connected the Americana with the alleged daring attempt. The facta are now known, in part at least Old Hickory Man. a Colonel Luke Lea, former United States senator from Tennessee, commander of the 114th Field artillery of .tie 30th division the "Old Hickory" uivlsion of CaroUnas and Tenneaseans who returned from Franca, only a week ago in command of his man, la the American colonel who lad the party of Amer can army officers who tried to kidnap the former German Falser last winter. The fact that Colonel Lea headed the kidnapping party was fully confirmed by the correspondent of The New York Times from the lips of a Tennessee man who calked with Col- . Jj onel Lea upon his arrivial at Newport News, Va., in command of the 114th Field artillery last Sunday after that unit had arrived from St Naxalre, France, on the transport Finland. While current versions of the story printed last January In French, British, and American newspapers asserted that the attempt to kidnap the Kaiser was made on January E. Colonel Lea indicated to those to whom he 1..4 a. iL.A 1A -IS A 1 ajjuM) tosi ouuua; imii h rvauy uwk place just before Christmas. "What were you going to do with the Kaiser If your kidnapping project had succeeded?" Colonel. Lea was ask* ed by those to whom be admitted that he headed the party that went to the castle of Count von Bentnlck. near Ammerogen. Gift for President "We were going to give him a free ride to Paris in our automobile and present him to President Wilson aa a Christmas gift." This statement by Colonel Lea would Indicate that the attempt was made just before Christmas, and it was intimated tonight that It took plaoe about December 2L From what was learned from the gentlemen who talked with Colonel Lea at Newport News there were fully a dozen officers and' men of the American army in the automobile party commanded by Colonel _ Lea that tried to obtain possession of the Kaiser. They were armed with passports, which they had managed In some way to obtain and which enabled them to go through Holland to the castle where the Kaiser was stopping. They got cloee enough to the presence of the Kaiser, Colonel Lea'told close friends since his arrival In this country, to hear his voice, but were foiled through the cudden dispatch of Dutch guards from Ammerongen to the castle, a contingency wholly unexpected and which forced the American officers to make a quick retirement in their military automobile to avoid arrest and possible internment by the Holland authorities, if not court-martial proceedings In the ? American army, provided their Identity should become known. Fear of Court-Martial. Colonel Lea did not desire to have the story of his escape become known at the time. It la his Intention to make a full public statement regarding all the details of the kidnapping attempt as soon as he Is discharged from the army. The possibility that he might even yet have to face a court-martial for having crossed into Holland on such an expedition and that those who were with him might be similarly dealt with, has been one of Colonel Lea's motives for extreme reticence in the matter. ? While in France he and those who were with him remained exceedingly quiet about the matter because they were in constant fear that they would be courtmartlaled. Colonel Lea has expected that he would be discharged from the military service of the United States some time during the coming week along with the other members of the 114th Field Ar-" tillery regiment, which he led back from France for demobilization. This regiment paraded today at Nashville, Tenn., and goes from there at once to Fort Oglethorpe, where it is scheduled to be demobilized during the next four or five days. Immediitely after his arrival at Newport News last Sunday Colonel Lea slipped up to Washington to visit his mother and sister who live here, and whom he wanted to see in connection with the recent death of his wife. It was not until the transport Finland was within three days of Newport News that Colonel Lea learned of his wife's death. When the 114th Field artillery arrived at Newport News there were a number of Tennessee newspaper men there to greet the regiment In some manner word had reached Tennessee that Colonel Lea commanded the Kaiser-kidnapping party, and those of ths Tennessee newspaper men who were sent to Newport News who had a "tip" on the story were very anxious to ob tain run details rrom coionei j^ea. ne told them the story was true, and that, while he intended to tell the whole story later, he did not care to confirm the facts so long as he was an officer in the uniform of the American army. He related some of the details to several with whom he talked and told them that the party of more than a' dozen American officers and soldiers was made up of men from all parts of the United States. There were four commissioned and three non-commissioned officers in the party besides some others. Three of them were from the south, among them Captain L. S. McPhail, of Nashville, and Lieut. Ellsworth Brown of Chattanooga.