Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, April 08, 1919, Image 1
YORKYILLE ENQUIRER. ~~ |
- I3SPKD SKMI'WEggLT.
l. m. c-rist-s sons, pubiube?. } % <4?niitg JJnrajapn: ^or (he Jlramofian a| thf |olitii;at, facial, ^gri^nMapI and Commercial Jnteresls of th< fjtaplj. { TE"^!^opIEMv?Nei^iANCI
Established 1855 YORK, 8, C, TUESDAY. APRIL 8, 1919. ~ ~ NO.28
MANAGER OF THE RAILROADS
Director General Hlnes Does Not Favor
Government Ownership
A GREAT SERIOUS MAN OF BUSINESS
Man Now at the Head of the Railroads
of the Country Is a Lawyer Who Has
Outstripped Others In His Profession.
"An old prank of Fate," which somehow
or other seeins to be always up
to something prankish, now appears in
the fact that Walker Downer Hines,
attorney for railroads and their defender
against government control,
should now be serving against the government
as director-general of railways.
And it is the Nation's Business
that points out this surprising official,
says a writer in this periodical.
' ' * hv thp In -
ne uppuscu itvtvo uiuuvu -
terst&te Commerce commission. He
v opposed any more railroad legislation at
all. He declared himself against gov
emment ownership, saying that it
would cause "delay in getting action
from political or government railway
managers." Now he is government
manager of nearly ail our roads and
runs the job beneath the roof of the
Interstate commerce building!
The somersaulting here obviously
son, Topeka lb Santa Fe railway comwas
done by the situation and not by
llr. Hines. It all goes to show what u
war can do to a country when it tries.
It has set Mr. Hines to solve a problem
more vast and baffling than any
railroad man has ever faced before.
And now' he is at it at least ten hours
?
every day absorbed.
It was while acting as counsel for
the Louisville & Nashville railroad that
Mr. Hines found and developed the opportunity
that brought him forward.
The railroad came into conflict with
the Interstate commerce law; and in
consequence Mr. Hines mastered the
intricacies of that statute with a
thoroughness that led to his cal' to
New York as counsel for the Atchinson,
Topeka & Santa Fe railway com
pany and to his subsequent prominence
in railroad affairs. Thus we read:
In the last fifteen years, Walker
Hincs has been appearing in the highest
courts of this country, arguing intricate
railroad issues, several times
summing up before the supreme court in
masterful fashion the labors of batteries
of other legal celebrities. His brief
in the Minnesota and North Carolina
rate case of 1908 in one of the finest
ever written. Before the Interstate
Commerce commission he represented
the anthracite carriers !h the coal-rate
investigations, the Santa Fe in the
famous five per cent case, the New
Haven stockholders in the commission's
Investigations of that rood.
He has pleaded for all our express
companies united against reducing
their rates. In all these historic conflicts
Mr. Hines displayed that modern
legal eloquence which is overwhelmingly
effective by reason of its very simplicity
and directness.
From the seventh year, when he
made his first dollar selling tomatoes
for his mother, to his sixteenth year,
when he became a shorthand reporter,
in the circuit of his state, to his twenty-third
year, when he finished a university
law course in one year, to his
thirty-first year, when he was appointed
first vice-president of the Louisville
& Nashville, he has always exhibr
ited the same conscientious devotion to
his duty, the same exhaustive thoroughness.
He had a natural endowment
of genius in a precocious mind;
but the real secret of his wizardry in
bringing order out of the chaos of
thought is his method of studiously
exploring any problem to its depths
before attempting an answer. His
* zeal for getting facts first hand has
often appalled men of lesser resolution.
-- - As one of his closest friends declares:
"When Walker Hines quits a subject,
it's finished."
Mr. Hines was born in Russellville,
" 9 1S7ft anrl hi?
j\.eii(.uen>, x' cui uui j .
ehief regret Is, we learn, that he was
^ not born on a farm. Says the article
further:
"Nobody here remembers having
seen Walker Hines play games," I am
told in a letter received from an old
friend of the director-general, still living
in the Kentucky town where his
boyhood was spent. "He was a youth
without humorous episodes. He was
always very studious. He was devoted
to his little sister and worshiped his
widowed mother who was a model
southern woman and one of the very
finest women God ever made."
And yet Walker Hines, take him the
year around, is one of the most normal
of American men of business. He
f. has an ideal home life with a wife and
a daughter of sixteen. He takes long
walks when he can. On his vacation
he rides a horse, sails a boat, or starts
out in pursuit of one of those pestiferous
golf-balls. He was born with
good health and has conserved it,
And he reads for amusement: one evening
it is "Bab Ballads," the next Boswell's
"Johnson." He doesn't smoke,
He sleeps soundly.
No. if you wish to know Walker
Hines as he is, you must know hirr
" If ?V>?> ncniT-inT VOIlths ol
the coming generation are to have inspiration
from his life, they will line
there no log-cabin birth place, no chapter
of picturesque cow-punching on th<
^ western plains, no dramatic moment!
of high wit or sudden daring. Hi!
achievement is something more modern,
more difficult.
As to the ideas about governmem
^ entertained by the new head of th<
railroads, we learn,
He believes with our forefather:
that "that country Is governed bes
which is governed least." Yes he say!
"government is a serious task; it is i
big man's job." "The greatest defec
is our system of government," he ha:
^ argued, "is its failure to tlx responsl
bility. Wo have outlined the necessit;
of longer heeding Montesquieu's guar
anty of democracy, a separation o
legislative and executive functions.'
In other words, we must cease passing
^ the buck in Washington, in our stat
legislatures, our county seats. Thi
slang is not Mr. Hines's, though th
thought is.
As to politics, Mr. Hines is a Demo
crat. He confesses he is radical in hi
social thinking. He believes that th
i industrial processes of the United
I States would profit by being "socialized"
more than they are. As to a violent
upheavel in this country, "we have
at hand the means of coping witt
every crisis that can -impend."
Mr. Hines's first public message on
taking office was a plea for a better
j understanding of our railroad problem.
A vigorous difference of opinion will
not shock or disturb him. He will
meet it calmly. He will generously
and patiently examine every issue that
is raised. He will go to the very bottom
of this problem.
GERMANY'S PRIZE COLONY.
Togoland, on the Gulf of Guinea, Has
.Been Most Successful.
Concerning Togoland, one of the earliest
and richest of German colonies,
whose disposition is being considered
i by the peace conference, the National
Geographic society has issued the following
bulletin from its headquarters
in Washington:
"Togoland is shaped like a hogshead,
with a 32'mile base rest on the Gull
of Guinea, its sides swelling to more
than three times that w.dth, crowding
the British Gold Coast possessions tc
the west, and French Dahomey on the
east, and its narrow top tapering intc
the^Niger region.
"Germany annexed Togoland in
1884, the year she launched upon hex
colonial expansion with the acquisition
also of northeastern New Guinea and
the Bismarck Archpelago. Togoland
was the first colony to dispense with
imperial subsidy.
"Along the seacoast Togoland's soil if
rich and sandy, its climate warm and
moist. The hinterland is higher, wooded
and drier, but seldom arid. Thus
the land is adopted to a wide variety
of products, among which the growing
of cocoanuts, corn, rice, tobacco and
coffee already have been highly sue
A?p?v/vn4a in/tlll/la />An_oi Hor.
<Jt?SK3JLUI. XUC CAyui U3 1UV uu? vvuu*MV?
able quantities of ivory, xernels, copra,
palm oil and rubber.
"This colony affords a commentary
upon Germany's application of bureaucratic
methods to her po:.;sessions. Despite
heavy German emigration to the
United States and South America, and
despite her effort to divert this flow tc
her colonies, only about 300 Germans
tftere to be found among the million
natives of Togoland in 1910. .Most ol
the 300 were engaged in government
, service, either in the c.?ast cities oi
Lome, a made-to-order town which
Germany planted on the site of a fishing
village, and Little Popo, or the inland
government stations at Misahohe,
or Bismarkburg.
"Togoland lies along the famous
Slave Coast of Africa. Behind the
treacherous shoals and bars slave traders
defied cruisers from the shelter ot
lagoons and inlets that abound along
the shores where they obtained their
human stock in trade. They found the
native chiefs, especially the Dahomeys,
coastal people of Togoland as well as
of Dfthomev. onlv too ready to barter
human beings for rum and trikets.
Tribal leaders made forays to supply
the demand- Frequently they burned
villages by night and corralled the inhabitants
when they fled.
"Northern tribes of Togoland are
mostly Hausa, a mixed negro race, who
have become civilized and industrious.
But the Dahomeys, in the south, present
a curious blend of shrewdness,
cruelty, and superstition. Small, robust
and athletic, they climb trees like
monkeys, easily become fluent linguists,
but cling to fetichism and still
practice cannibalism.
"The King of the Dahomeys is a tribal
Deity. He controls the lives and
property of his subjects. Formerly he
was regarded as more ethereal than human;
he was believed to require
, neither food nor sleep. He strengthened
that impression by having all food
served to him in solitude, and hearing
petitions from behind a screen. Consultation
with his ministers was car
ried on through his wives, who were
state dignitaries. Genuine Amazons
formed his bodyguard, and these warrior
women were reputed to be as fearless
and brave as those of Greek mythology,
and much more critical.
"Only the sons of the dada. or
queen, were regarded as heirs. From
among the Amazons the sovereign selected
other wives, but all except the
favored few were celibates. The king
was considered the father of all his
subjects.
"The Bolsheviki are doing nothing
new in their reported arrangement for
interchange of infants among the various
mothers of the community nurseries
set up by the Soviets. In Dahomey
children were taken from their
mothers at an early age and given tc
, other families so they might form nc
ues wmon wuuiu tuum ;t wiiii uicu
allegiance to the king.
"Any object blessed by the Dahomej
priests became a fetich. Snakes wer<
held in special esteem. Formerly children
were regularly sacrificed and human
beings were roasted for food. Tri(
bal dances were amazingly intricate
some lasting 36 hours. So imbued wen
the Dahomeys with belief in immortality
that they readily volunteered foi
sacrifice and the wives of Dahomey
like those of India, often chose to di<
. when their husbands did.
, "Togoland's area is about equal t<
f that of Maine. Two northern towns
Yendi and Sansane Mangu, lie alonf
I the caravan route from Ashanti to th<
Niger region.
? "Germany edged into t .e Slave Coas
. because, in 1884, the narrow portioi
. still ruled by King Togo was the onb
part from the Gambia to the Niger no
controlled by some civilized power
t Bremen merchants had stations there
. So Germans persuaded the Togo rule
to place Togoland under the suzerain
5 ty of Germany. Subsequently the Ger
t mans made claims to inland territor
5 which brought about boundary dis
, putes with France and Great Britaii
t until the frontiers were fixed in 1899.
S
Logical Wish. On the outskirts o
k. Philadelphia is an admirable stocl
farm. One day last summer some poo
f children were permitted to go over thi
farm, and when their inspection wa
, done, to each of them was given i
^ glass of milk. The milk was excellenl
"Well, boys, how do you like it?
the farmer said, when they had drain
ed their glasses.
"Fine," said one little fellow. Thei
s after a pause, he added," 1 wish ou
milkman kept a cow."Journal of th
American Medical Association.
SOLDIERING WITH THE A, E.F.
; Notes and Comments on Trip Through
Central France
L
GOOD HIGHWAYS AND POOR RAILROADS
i .
Glimpse of Big Salvage Camp Arrested
in Dragnet Honest Tribute to
the Red Cross Individual Estimate
of Service Stripe Hopes to Get
Home in Six Weeks.
La Pallice, France, March 17. Al,
though occasionally there is a high
spot that seems worthy of mention in
a letter, life over here generally is a
continuous hum-drum not exactly
| hum-drum every day; but hum one
I day and drum the next
I have just returned from a trip to
Romorandin, where I have been with
a convoy of touring cars, mostly Cadllacs.
There were twenty-five cars in
1 the convoy, and we went over the
[ roads at all kinds of gaits from 10 to
r 15 miles up to 60.or 70 miles an hour.
' During the two first nights| out we
stopped at the best hotel on the way,
' and during the second two nights out
we stopped in an old barracks near a
German prison camp, under arrest.
J Immediately upon our arrival at Romorandin,
the officer in charge of the
| camp informed us that we were under
^ arrest, the whole bunch of us. Just
what the matter \^as we did not know.
1 He lined us up, called the roll, and
after every man had answered his
' name, he went into an examination of
nnr Hnc torn. Ha was not satisfied
and called for passes, orders and letters
of identification, and after all
these were produced, we were sent
| around to the prison barracks already
mentioned.
As to what we were wanted for I
had no idea, whether for murder, ar'
son, highway robbery, or some minor
offense, it was a matter of guess work,
and as I did not care particularly, I
did not waste any time guessing.
If anybody had told me a year ago,
that I could have been so indifferent to
1 such a proceeding I would have
thought they were crazy. But then I
had not been taught that so far as the
J ordinary rights of a human being were
concerned, I was only a number-^that
| the number on my dog tag was about
the only remaining connection between
me and anybody else in the
world, except first, the members of my
family, and next, friends and acquaintances
over there. And so far as commissioned
officers are concerned, I
have learned to look upon them Just
as they do me. I know that they have
, the authority and I must obey, regardless,
whether they know what they are
talking about, and sometimes they
don't know; but that is not my funeral
t admit, however, the very oddo
site of what it ought to be and do not
have the satisfaction of saying "I told
you so," when the officer is forced to
reverse himself. Even military authority
cannot make a round peg fit a
square hole.
We were turned out of the guardhouse
Monday. The officers did not
tell us; but we learned that a sergeant
who had given his name as George
Crake, had broken a gate for a French
woman at Poiters. She complained to
the authorities at Tours; but we had
already passed Tours, and the authorities
there telephoned ahead to Romorandin,
where we were arrested. After
all of us had been, looked over in the
manner described, without finding the
man wanted, the French woman was
told to go to Romorandin and Identify
"Sergeant George Crake"; but when
she balked at the idea of going 250
miles to get the fellow, we were turned
loose.
Romorandin is probably the largest
automobile and airplane salvage vmuv
in France. There are thousands and
thousands of motor vehicles of all
kinds. Included among them are
many that have been taken from the
Germans, and there are motorcycles of
all kinds. They are parked in a great
field that covers hundreds of acres,
and it looks like a great graveyard,
for of the thousands of machines here,
I have an idea that very few of them
will ever be moved except possibly as
[ junk.
There is a big French aviation camp
near here, and it is still active- I saw
as many as fifty machines in the air
[ at one time machines that are being
tried out, mostly.
I might mention also that the Fort
Leavenworth of the American expedi[
tionary forces is located here. It is to
this place that they send the German
prisoners who are convicted of various
offenses by courtmartial.
We had quite a pleasant time going
to Romorandin; but it was not nearly
so pleasant coming back. On the way
over each man in a touring car of the
very best make that is turned out in
America, and doing pretty much as he
'
pleased, we were aDie 10 see qu lit; lui
' of central France. There were no
American garrisons in the towns at
which we put up, and therefore no
military police to bother us, and we
' did pretty much as we pleased.
"It was fine "eats" that we had at
} the hotels, and good long prices that
we paid for them; but I did not enjoy
' the eats so much as I enjoyed the
' beds. The beds were surely fine and
made me think of things back home.
t Yes, I have got accustomed to roughing
it in camp, and I can sleep on the
. ground if I have to; but I would not
t have anybody think I like it that way
. yet. And as much better as these fine
hotel beds are than the bunks in
r camp, they do not come up to the beds
that mother used to make for me, or
the one that she is keeping for me
y nowComing
back from Romorandin, it
- * Wo had to take
^ was IIUL 2>u picaounv. if v
the freight trains for it. The traffic
is so heavy and the rolling stock so
j- scarce, for us common soldiers to
K think of traveling by passenger train
r Is out of the question. It is either
travel on a dinky freight train or walk,
s and I am not sure which is the best
a choice. The train would be more
speedy except for the fact that they
? have no idea of systematic connection.
You are just as apt as not to be held
up for six, eight or ten hours.
n Arriving at Tours at 11 o'clock last
Friday night, and finding that there
e was no hope of striking another
freight train in the direction of La Ro
chelle until 4-30 next momlngr, I put
In most of the night writing letters.
But let me say that it was not nearly
as bad as it might have been. There
were about fifty of us. The Red Cross
furnished us a room, and they gave us
plenty of good food for almost nothing.
Some of the boys slept, some
walked about, some put in the time
reading and some writing. I wrote
about a dozen letters. The train came
in about 6 o'clock and finally we got
started along our weary way.
I have said in previous letters that I
did not think much of the French;
certainly not the class of French I
come in contact with mostly. They
strike me as being mean, selfish profiteers,
and then they are low and dirty.
Maybe I see them at their worst,
and it may be that our own people
would not be much better if we had
gone through what these people have
gone through; but I cannot believe
! that. However, lest 1 convey the im
pression that I do not like anybody or
anything, let me say that I am always
willing to hand it to the Red Cross.
They will do anything In reason for
| you any and all the time. Such cheerful
usefulness as they show I have
never known, unless I am allowed to
say that It came from my mother. The
Red Cross is easily the biggest thing
of the war, not excepting the breaking
of 'the Hindenburg line and the
signing of the armistice.
Three days more and I will be entitled
to a gold stripe for six months
foreign service. Of course I prize
that, and shall always be proud of it;
but let me be honest with the confession
that I do not feel like staying
over here tor a gold stripe. If I had
my choice about embarking today and
giving up the Btripe that will belong
to me next Thursday, I would Immediately
get on board the boat. But
then again, you know, after having
earned the stripe, I would not sell it
for any amount of money. The
major told us a few days ago
that we would be sent to an
embarkation camp within six weeks.
That sounds good; but we do not bank
<m anything of that kind. A soldlei
never knows what is going to be done
to him or what is going to happen until
after it has happened or been done.
If the major's promise comes good, we
will start away from here about the
first of May and get home sometime
before the first of June. To me that
looks like ages and ages.
By the way, it might be of interest
to mention that on our way back from
Romorandin we saw lots of passenger
cars that had been taken from the
Germans. At Romorandin there were
Innumerable German airplanes, motor
transports, baby tanks and cars loaded
with ammunition. The German passenger
cars are about twice as good as
the French cars and almost everything
else the Germans make is of superior
quality. That might not sound pleas
A 4M A# ?no At% tvvnr f>i pro
mil iu aunic ui mjr * vuuviw<v? ?i?w. V|
but it is either state the fact or say
nothing, and here is the faot.
Lewis M. Grist
THE SAWED OFF SHOT-GUN.
How Engineers Stopped Huns at
Chateau Thierry.
The sawed-off repeating shot-gun,
loaded with buckshot, which was
pictured and described in our pages
a few weeks ago, appeared in the critical
fighting around Chateau Thierry,
and more than won its rights to be considered
a real American addition to
the horrors of war at least from the
German standpoint. The gun worked
to such good effect that, to quote Capt.
J. H. Hoskins, who used one, "the
Kaiser would have won himself a war
on June 6 had he only pressed his advantage,
and had it not been for those
shotguns." Captain Hopkins was in
command of a company of engineers
in those terrific days; but, bad as the
Americans needed engineers, they
needed combat troops worse, so the
captain's company was thrown in to assist
the marines. By the time the
company, reduced from 246 men to 72,
was ordered to fall back to a trench
where the shotguns awaited them, the
Germans seemed to be having things
much their own way in that section
of the battle-front. In a recent issue
of the Nashville (Tenn.) Banner,
Captain Hoskins tells the story of the
turn of the battle:
On June 6, though we were engineers,
we got orders to go into the fighting
in support of the marines In Belleau
Woods as combat troops. We
hiked twenty-seven miles in nine hours
without stopping to eat. We got into
the scrap between two regiments of
marines and fought against overwhel
ming odds, our opponents being the
Prussian guards. The 246 men of our
company had been reduced to seventytwo
and ammunition was nearly exhausted
when orders came to fall back
to the first line of trenches near by.
When we rolled into these we fought
with those automatic shotguns stacked
up in bunches of eight, with extra
ones lying on the first parapet in the
rear wall of the trenches and plenty
of shells handy. Each gun had a shell
in the chamber and five in the magazines.
Each shell was loaded with
twelve big buckshot and twenty-eight
grains of ballistite powder. It nearly
kicked us down every time, but we
didn't mind that when we saw the execution
done to the Germans. The way
those squirrel-hunting Americans used
the weapons was thoroughly effective.
Our colonel had ordered that no one
should fire until he gave the command,
and it looked to me that he waited until
they were almost on top of us. But
when the word came those guns opened
up in earnest. The Germans were
advancing very confidently, for they
knew we were in desperate straits.
That shotgun volley was new to them.
They were advancing well bunched,
and every time a gun fired three or
four Germans would go down. The
more the surprise gripped them, the
closer they would huddle, and the deadlier
was the fire. When they could stand
it no longer they began to fall back,
bunched in closer than ever, with corresponding
destruction from the guns.
Not a German reached our lines after
Komn "nine fhnoc ahrttpunn and
I'll tell the world that on June 6 the
Kaiser had won himself a war had he
only pressed the advantage and had it
not been for those shotguns.
What Next? Willie: If the Mississippi
is the father of waters, why
don't they call It the Mistersippi?
MAKING OF TREATIES
Drafting and Preservation of Ver]
Great Importance
MUST BE A COPY FOR EACH SIGNEI
There Have Been Some Changes in th<
Formalities; But the Changes Have
Not Been Very Great It Was Formerly
a Custom to Give Honora
riums to the Clerks.
"Scraps of paper," otherwise known
as treaties, require much more time
for construction than they do for destruction;
so, considering the magnitude
and difficulty of the problems involved,
impatience with the deliberates
of the delegates employed in
making the new Treaty of Paris is
somewnat unreasonaoie. ror, a writer
In The London ' Magazine tells us,
speaking of the conferences that preceded
the formal terminations of other
conflicts:
In the Crimean war, for example, the
conference lasted from February 25
to (March 30; in the Spanish-America^
war, from October 1 to December
10; in the Russo-Japanese war, from
August 9 to September 5.
The preparation of the treaty itself
is a long task, as peace treaties are
elaborate doouments. Until recent
years. they were written by hand in
the blackest of ink, on vellum or on a
specially, made linen paper known as
"treaty paper." But of late years they
have been typewritten and then printed,
all precautions being taken against
premature "leaks" on the printing establishments
entrusted with the work.
Says the writer, continuing the discussion:
Following established precedent,
treaties of peace practically always begin
with an appeal to the Almighty,
MAu nom de Dleu tout puissant" being
th6 formal most frequently said. In
treaties with Roman Catholic countries,
however, the phrase, "In the name
of the most Holy and Undivided Trinity"
is frequently substituted; while in
a treaty with the Mohammedan state
the formula is altered to "In the name
of*Allah the Almighty God" Jn the
copy allotted to the representative of
that country.
For each of the signatory Powers
one copy is signed and sealed. These
certified copies are for convenience of
reference, and for printing duplicate
copies from, since the original signed
and sealed treaty is a most precious
and carefully guarded document, and
seldom sees the light of day once it is
stored away in the state archieves of
the signatory Power.
Peace treaties are not written (or
printed; straight across the page, or
pages, like ordinary documents. They
ttte written in parallel columns, one in
English, the next in French, the next
in German, Italian, and so on, according
to-the number of languages in use
in the signatory powers. The text of
each of these columns is an exaci
translation of the texts of all the other
columns, and utmost care is taken
in the selection of words that will convey
identical shades of meaning.
The seals affixed to ratified treaties
are usually very elaborate, and in order
the better to preserve them, it is
customary to enclose them in little
round silver boxes. Most treaties, too,
are bound either in crimson morocco,
or in red velvet, tied about with gr?. .
cord.
Many of the treaties in the British
Record office, however, are stored in
cylinders, boxes, portfolios, and bags,
There are thousands of these documents,
all carefully protected. When
they were stored in the foreign office,
they were kept in five-ton safes that
were so carefi/lly constructed that when
the Emperor Frederick of Germany saw
them he smilingly commented to the
earl of Derby, "You are evidently determined
that no one shall break your
treaties." The treaties In the record
office include, as well as peace treaties,
others relating to such matters as
fishery rights, boundary questions, and
commercial arrangements. There are
also many so-called "domestic treaties,"
such as Queen Victoria's marriage
treaty and the treaty for the marriage
of Princess Charlotte, dated 1816. All
these documents were removed to secret
places of still greater security during
the period of air-raids.
There is a curious story in connection
with the only copy of a treaty belonging
to a foreign nation that has
been, for a while, stored in the British
archieves. In 1877 a sailor called at
the foreign office with a brown paper
parcel, which was found to contain
the original Bolivian copy of the treaty
of September 29, 1840, between Great
Britain and Bolivia. Says the article
further:
The sailor had, it appeared, been
present in Bolivia during one of their,
at that time, periodical revolutions,
whon tViA state archives were thrown
into the streets by the revolutionists.
A thin book, bound in crimson velvet,
fell at his feet, and, stooping, he picked
it up and brought It away with him.
On examining it, he saw that it was a
document of importance, so on his return
to England he took it to the foreign
office in London.
Here it was stored away for safety
and forgotten. But eighteen years
afterward that is to say, in 1895 the
Bolivian government apparently woke
up to the fact that their precious treaty
was missing, and communicated with
the foreign office, asking if it could
oblige them with a certified copy.
Search was made, with the result that
the government was able to let them
have, not a copy merely, as asked for,
but the original document, so strangely
lost and so strangely preserved. It
was quite perfect, save that the usual
wax seal in its silver box was missing
This, doubtless, was looted by the Bolivian
mob during the revolution.
Although modern peace treaties are
so carefully guarded In this country
even the certified copies being jealouslj
kept from prying eyes, cases have occurred
where their contents have beer
prematurely and Illicitly made public.
One notorious Instance of this occurred
In connection with the publication
by The Globe newspaper of the
full text of the secret Anglo-Russlar
treaty of May, 1878. This was published
In June, on the eve of the congress
of Berlin, and the disclosures
caused consternation in Russia and
'England alike.
The affair was traced to a foreign
office clerk named Marvin, who had
secretly made a copy of the document,
which he sold to The Globe. He was
1 arrested, but as the official secrets act
had not been then passed, it was held
that no charge could lie against him,
and he was discharged.
| An earlier case of the kind occurred
in 1827, when The Times published the
text of a secret treaty signed in July
i of that year between Great Britain,
> Frence, and Russia. The mystery of
how the newspapers In question ob
tained possession of the text erf this
highly confidential document has never
i been cleared up to this day. As how>
ever, the original of the treaties were
at that time stored in cupboards with
glass doors, and fitted with ordinary
' common locks, in a private house in
White hall, used as an annex of the
l war office, it is not difficult to see how
i an unscrupulous person might have ob
toinoH qppoqq to thorn
In days gone by the signing of the
peace treaty would have been hailed
with glee by the higher officials and
clerks of our foreign office, since it
' was then customary to mark suclr auspicious
occasions by a wholesale distribution
of money gifts among those
most nearly concerned.
i These gifts came from the governments
of the foreign states with whom
the treaties were made, and were frequently
of considerable value. Thus,
; in 1793, a sum of ?1,000 was received
from the Russian government for distribution
among the under secretaries
and chief clerks of the British foreign
office on the occasion of the ratification
of two treaties between our King
George III and the empress of Russia.
The king of Sardinia, in the same
year, sent ? ?600 to -be similarly
distributed, and like sums al^o. forwarded
by the Spanish, Prussian, Austrian,
and Sicilian governments.
These "good old times" must indeed
have been'"good" ones for the officials
concerned, since the whole of these
large sums was divided between about
tea. or twelve people. In 1831, however,
the practise was discontinued.
In conclusion, the writer states that
the first signature to the new treaty
of Paris should be that of the representatives
of Germany; for,
This is because precedent demands
that the original copy of a peace treaty
shall be signed in the alphabetical order
of the various countries' names,
and the official title of Germany,
Deutsches Reich, comes first on the
list America will sign under her official
title of United States of America.
Austria as Osterreich. and Brazil
as Estados Unidos do Brazil.
Even after all the representatives of
the contracting powers have affixed
their signatures and seals to the treaty,
however, it has to be ratified by the
actual rules of the countries, who also
sign and seal it
ST. PAUL*CATHEDRAL.
i Most Noted English Church with a
Story.
"Even the war could not stop work
on St Paul's Cathedral in London.
The famous church, like the English
constitution, represents a growth of
centuries and not a definite period of
i construction."
This statement is made in a bullei
tin of the national geographic society
in connection -with a London dispatch
which notes a request for additional
funds to complete repair work on St.
Paul's.
"England's esteem for the historic
edifice !o shown by the continuation of
the restoration work throughout the
war despite the interruption to practl
cally all other buildings," the bulletin
says.
"Still fresh in p.tblic memory is the
notable Service of Consecration attended
by royalty and distinguished
Americans then in Lonon, held in St.
Paul's April 20, 1917 to commemorate
the entry of the United States into
war.
"St. Paul's is the largest Protestant
church in the world. Its dome is one
of the most beautiful. The church embodies
architectural ideas of many
i periods, because it is not the product
of a generation, or even a century.
True, Sir Christopher Wren is credited
with the structure as it stands today,
but he embodied many features
of the famous 'Old St. Paul's' razed
in the great London fire 1666. Wren
did not wish the restoration to be
after the 'Gothick Rudeness of the old
design.' But he was compelled to
i modify his own plans to a considerable
extent said he, of the balustrade addd
over-his veto, 'Ladies think nothing
' well without an edging.'
"To this famous mathematician, as:ronomer,
and architect the London
fire blew much good. He had commissions
to draw plans for rebuilding
half a hundred churches. From
these were modeled many of the American
churches of Colonial days. For his
.nasterpiece, St. Paul's Sir Christopher
i 's said to have received less than the
equivalent of $1,000 a year, an amount
which might engage the attention of a
modern architect of his standing for
an afternoon's consultation. The building
was paid for by a tax on seaborne
coal to London.
"Travelers are apt to pass by an inscription
on the south porch pediment,
'Resurgam' (I shall rise again) as a
i religious reference to the Resurrec1
tion. When the architect was sur!
veying the ruins he wished to mark
' the center of the projected dome. He
> asked a workman to hand him a stone.
The workman chanced to pick up a
chip from an old tomb bearing the
inscription, which Sir Christopher
1 adopted.
"The motto was appropriate. Some
; historians believe the cramped Ludgate
Hill site originally was that of a
' Roman shrine of Diana. A Christian
> church is known to have been built
there in the early seventh century. It
was burned two decades after William
' the Conqueror came to England. From
- the ruins emerged 'Old St. Paul's.'
' Fire destroyed that building too, but
it was restored on an even more pre1
tentious scale.
"At the 'Old St. Paul's' John
Wycliflfe faced the charge of heresy,
Tyndale's New Testament was burned,
: Wolsey heard the reading of the Pap'
-1 T onH iinHpr
' ?11 UUlIUClllliabiuu U1 uuiuvtt MMV.
'Powle's Cross', now marked by a memorial,
heretics were forced to recant
and witches to confess.
I "Even before the great Are 'Old St.
Paul's was crumbling, partly from a
succession 01 iignimng siroKes, ana
partly from neglect. Wine cellar* and
workshops were to be found beneath
Its lengthy corridors. The old building
was nearly as long as the Union
station at Washington, D. C. The
nave became 'Paul's walk' a promenade.
"Two towers, as well as the dome,
make the new St. Paul's conspicuous.
In one tower 'Great Paul,' a 17-ton
bell booms dally at one p. m. A
small bell tolls when there is a death
in the royal family.
"Tombs of Wellington and Nelson,
Turner and Reynolds, and of other
famous men are to be found In St.
Paul's. Over Wren's grave Is a plain
tablet bearing a Latin ' Inscription
counseling the visitor to look about
him if ha would find the architect's
monument.
"Sir Christopher should have be
come renowned as a city planner as
well as a church builder. After the
Are he prepared a plan that would
have made London a city of wide
streets and radiating avenues. But
Londoners had become reluctant to relinquish
property in family tenure for
years, unlike citizens of such newer
cities as Baltimore and Chicago.
St. Paul's itself has owned a farm in
Tssex since the seventh century."
ACREAGE REDUCTION FIGURES.
Conference in Columbia Learns that
South Will Cut 31 Per Cent
The south's cotton acreage in 1919
will be 31.08 per cent less than in th<5
previous year, according to a report
on acreage reduction estimates from
all the cotton growing states submitted
by the South Carolina cotton
association here today. The report
presented before a cotton reduction
convention, at which it was an.ounced
800 delegates were present,
epresenting every county in the state,
also announced unfavorable weather
for planting 90 per cent of the cotton
belt
That 50 'per cent less commercial
fertilizer will be used this year that
there is a market labor shortage, and
"inroads of the boll weevil will be
more serious than for years past"
were other statements made in the
report, which gave detailed figures of
estimated reductions in each state,
showing the big cotton producing
states of Texas, Georgia, Mississippi
and Oklahoma by these figures pledged
to raise one-third less cotton this
year than last.
The following table of acreage re- j
duction percentage by states was presented.
state. rieaucuon **ct.
Virginia 33 1-3
North Carolina , 24
South Carolina : 31.15
Georgia 33 1-3
Florida 24.55
Alabama ; 33 4-3
Mississippi 33 1-3
Louisiana 9
Texas 32 1-3
Arkansas 25
Tennessee 16
Missouri 6
Oklahoma 33 1-3
California 20
Arizona 25
Totals 31.08
"The association has not only hac'l
pledges on reduction carefully tabulated
and checked," says the report,
"but has had a personal investigation
made in each section for the purpose
of being as near accurate as it is humanly
possible to be in this estimate.
The association report is certainly the
most accurate report ever issued for
South Carolina, the same being the
result of practically a personal canvass
of the farmers of the state. It
is also probably the most accurate report
on all conditions covered in the
report ever issued." ,
Addresses were made by United
States Senator E. D. Smith, of South
Carolina: Congressman J. Thomas
Heflin, of Alabama, and Asbury F.
Lever, of South Carolina; Governor
Robert A, Cooper, and W. B. Thompson,
of New Orleans. The convention
elected 10 delegates to the cotton convention
scheduled for Memphis, April
10, and 20 delegates to the New Orleans
convention May 1. The convention
ended today. Columbia special
of Thursday to Charlotte Observer.
SOUTH'S NEW DAY.
Hog and Hominy Doctrine of Henry
Grady Recalled.
Has It come? Is it approaching?
We hope so. Thirty-one years ago
Henry Grady of Atlanta delivered a
speech in New England which made
a more lasting impression possibly
on the country than any one speech
ever delivered by any human "being,
t marked the dawn of what was then
termed the new south, and it contained
truths and statements which are
invincible, and which it would do well
to recall at this time.
There was never a greater truth
contained in the same words than
the following brief extract from that
great speech, for a great speech it was.
We wish every farmer who reads this,
and every other one who could hear of
it, would make it a part of his creed,
and if he would, then in fact would the
new day dawn, and until It is made
the creed of the southern farmer there
will never dawn a new day for the
~outh. We wish every one would clip
this from the paper and put It up
somewhere where he could see it every
morning before he went out Into the
field.
Listen:
"When every farmer in the south
shall eat bread from his own field and
meat from his own pastures and disturbed
by no creditor, and enslaved by
no debt, shall sit mid his teeming
gardens and orchards and vineyards,
and dairies, and barnyards, pitching
his crop in his own wisdom and growing
tn indenendence. making cot
ton his clean surplus, and selling it
in his own time, and in his chosen
market, and not at a master's bidding
getting his pay in cash and not in a
receipted mortgage that discharges
his debt, but does not restore his freedom then
shall be breaking the fullness
of our day."
Cotton reduction and cotton holding
is a good thing and the right thing
to do Just now, but these things are
only temporary and can not be enduring.
The only way to bring a new
day for the south and commercial and
financial freedom for the southern
farmer is to adopt and to follow the
creed contained in Henry Grady's great
speech. Newberry Herald and News.
- IKIED ru IAHH KA1SEK
Lake Lea Fixed Dp Seasattoital Enterprise
PLANNED GIFT TO PRESIDENT WILSON
With Gang of Foarlota American* Tan*
nessee Colonel Had Arranged a
Scheme, Which if it Had Been 8uo*
ceuful Would Have 8et Million* of
Tongue* to Wagging.
There has been a lot of talk and rumor
for soma time write* a Waahinrton
correspondent about an alleged attempt
to kidnap the former emperor of
Germany. All of the talk ha* connected
the Americana with the alleged daring
attempt. The facta are now known,
in part at least
Old Hickory Man.
a
Colonel Luke Lea, former United
States senator from Tennessee, commander
of the 114th Field artillery of
.tie 30th division the "Old Hickory"
uivlsion of CaroUnas and Tenneaseans
who returned from Franca, only a
week ago in command of his man, la
the American colonel who lad the
party of Amer can army officers who
tried to kidnap the former German
Falser last winter.
The fact that Colonel Lea headed
the kidnapping party was fully confirmed
by the correspondent of The
New York Times from the lips of a
Tennessee man who calked with Col- . Jj
onel Lea upon his arrivial at Newport
News, Va., in command of the 114th
Field artillery last Sunday after that
unit had arrived from St Naxalre,
France, on the transport Finland.
While current versions of the story
printed last January In French, British,
and American newspapers asserted
that the attempt to kidnap the Kaiser
was made on January E. Colonel
Lea indicated to those to whom he
1..4 a. iL.A 1A -IS A 1
ajjuM) tosi ouuua; imii h rvauy uwk
place just before Christmas.
"What were you going to do with
the Kaiser If your kidnapping project
had succeeded?" Colonel. Lea was ask*
ed by those to whom be admitted that
he headed the party that went to the
castle of Count von Bentnlck. near
Ammerogen.
Gift for President
"We were going to give him a free
ride to Paris in our automobile and
present him to President Wilson aa a
Christmas gift."
This statement by Colonel Lea
would Indicate that the attempt was
made just before Christmas, and it was
intimated tonight that It took plaoe
about December 2L From what was
learned from the gentlemen who talked
with Colonel Lea at Newport News
there were fully a dozen officers and'
men of the American army in the automobile
party commanded by Colonel _
Lea that tried to obtain possession of
the Kaiser.
They were armed with passports,
which they had managed In some way
to obtain and which enabled them to
go through Holland to the castle where
the Kaiser was stopping. They got cloee
enough to the presence of the Kaiser,
Colonel Lea'told close friends since his
arrival In this country, to hear his
voice, but were foiled through the cudden
dispatch of Dutch guards from
Ammerongen to the castle, a contingency
wholly unexpected and which
forced the American officers to make
a quick retirement in their military
automobile to avoid arrest and possible
internment by the Holland authorities,
if not court-martial proceedings In the ?
American army, provided their Identity
should become known.
Fear of Court-Martial.
Colonel Lea did not desire to have
the story of his escape become known
at the time. It la his Intention to
make a full public statement regarding
all the details of the kidnapping attempt
as soon as he Is discharged from
the army.
The possibility that he might even
yet have to face a court-martial for
having crossed into Holland on such
an expedition and that those who were
with him might be similarly dealt with,
has been one of Colonel Lea's motives
for extreme reticence in the matter. ?
While in France he and those who were
with him remained exceedingly quiet
about the matter because they were in
constant fear that they would be courtmartlaled.
Colonel Lea has expected that he
would be discharged from the military
service of the United States some time
during the coming week along with the
other members of the 114th Field Ar-"
tillery regiment, which he led back
from France for demobilization. This
regiment paraded today at Nashville,
Tenn., and goes from there at once
to Fort Oglethorpe, where it is scheduled
to be demobilized during the next
four or five days.
Immediitely after his arrival at
Newport News last Sunday Colonel
Lea slipped up to Washington to visit
his mother and sister who live here,
and whom he wanted to see in connection
with the recent death of his
wife. It was not until the transport
Finland was within three days of Newport
News that Colonel Lea learned
of his wife's death.
When the 114th Field artillery arrived
at Newport News there were a
number of Tennessee newspaper men
there to greet the regiment In some
manner word had reached Tennessee
that Colonel Lea commanded the Kaiser-kidnapping
party, and those of ths
Tennessee newspaper men who were
sent to Newport News who had a "tip"
on the story were very anxious to ob
tain run details rrom coionei j^ea. ne
told them the story was true, and that,
while he intended to tell the whole
story later, he did not care to confirm
the facts so long as he was an officer
in the uniform of the American army.
He related some of the details to
several with whom he talked and told
them that the party of more than a'
dozen American officers and soldiers
was made up of men from all parts
of the United States.
There were four commissioned and
three non-commissioned officers in the
party besides some others. Three of
them were from the south, among
them Captain L. S. McPhail, of Nashville,
and Lieut. Ellsworth Brown of
Chattanooga.