YORKYILLE ENQUIRER. ~~ | - I3SPKD SKMI'WEggLT. l. m. c-rist-s sons, pubiube?. } % <4?niitg JJnrajapn: ^or (he Jlramofian a| thf |olitii;at, facial, ^gri^nMapI and Commercial Jnteresls of th< fjtaplj. { TE"^!^opIEMv?Nei^iANCI Established 1855 YORK, 8, C, TUESDAY. APRIL 8, 1919. ~ ~ NO.28 MANAGER OF THE RAILROADS Director General Hlnes Does Not Favor Government Ownership A GREAT SERIOUS MAN OF BUSINESS Man Now at the Head of the Railroads of the Country Is a Lawyer Who Has Outstripped Others In His Profession. "An old prank of Fate," which somehow or other seeins to be always up to something prankish, now appears in the fact that Walker Downer Hines, attorney for railroads and their defender against government control, should now be serving against the government as director-general of railways. And it is the Nation's Business that points out this surprising official, says a writer in this periodical. ' ' * hv thp In - ne uppuscu itvtvo uiuuvu - terst&te Commerce commission. He v opposed any more railroad legislation at all. He declared himself against gov emment ownership, saying that it would cause "delay in getting action from political or government railway managers." Now he is government manager of nearly ail our roads and runs the job beneath the roof of the Interstate commerce building! The somersaulting here obviously son, Topeka lb Santa Fe railway comwas done by the situation and not by llr. Hines. It all goes to show what u war can do to a country when it tries. It has set Mr. Hines to solve a problem more vast and baffling than any railroad man has ever faced before. And now' he is at it at least ten hours ? every day absorbed. It was while acting as counsel for the Louisville & Nashville railroad that Mr. Hines found and developed the opportunity that brought him forward. The railroad came into conflict with the Interstate commerce law; and in consequence Mr. Hines mastered the intricacies of that statute with a thoroughness that led to his cal' to New York as counsel for the Atchinson, Topeka & Santa Fe railway com pany and to his subsequent prominence in railroad affairs. Thus we read: In the last fifteen years, Walker Hincs has been appearing in the highest courts of this country, arguing intricate railroad issues, several times summing up before the supreme court in masterful fashion the labors of batteries of other legal celebrities. His brief in the Minnesota and North Carolina rate case of 1908 in one of the finest ever written. Before the Interstate Commerce commission he represented the anthracite carriers !h the coal-rate investigations, the Santa Fe in the famous five per cent case, the New Haven stockholders in the commission's Investigations of that rood. He has pleaded for all our express companies united against reducing their rates. In all these historic conflicts Mr. Hines displayed that modern legal eloquence which is overwhelmingly effective by reason of its very simplicity and directness. From the seventh year, when he made his first dollar selling tomatoes for his mother, to his sixteenth year, when he became a shorthand reporter, in the circuit of his state, to his twenty-third year, when he finished a university law course in one year, to his thirty-first year, when he was appointed first vice-president of the Louisville & Nashville, he has always exhibr ited the same conscientious devotion to his duty, the same exhaustive thoroughness. He had a natural endowment of genius in a precocious mind; but the real secret of his wizardry in bringing order out of the chaos of thought is his method of studiously exploring any problem to its depths before attempting an answer. His * zeal for getting facts first hand has often appalled men of lesser resolution. -- - As one of his closest friends declares: "When Walker Hines quits a subject, it's finished." Mr. Hines was born in Russellville, " 9 1S7ft anrl hi? j\.eii(.uen>, x' cui uui j . ehief regret Is, we learn, that he was ^ not born on a farm. Says the article further: "Nobody here remembers having seen Walker Hines play games," I am told in a letter received from an old friend of the director-general, still living in the Kentucky town where his boyhood was spent. "He was a youth without humorous episodes. He was always very studious. He was devoted to his little sister and worshiped his widowed mother who was a model southern woman and one of the very finest women God ever made." And yet Walker Hines, take him the year around, is one of the most normal of American men of business. He f. has an ideal home life with a wife and a daughter of sixteen. He takes long walks when he can. On his vacation he rides a horse, sails a boat, or starts out in pursuit of one of those pestiferous golf-balls. He was born with good health and has conserved it, And he reads for amusement: one evening it is "Bab Ballads," the next Boswell's "Johnson." He doesn't smoke, He sleeps soundly. No. if you wish to know Walker Hines as he is, you must know hirr " If ?V>?> ncniT-inT VOIlths ol the coming generation are to have inspiration from his life, they will line there no log-cabin birth place, no chapter of picturesque cow-punching on th< ^ western plains, no dramatic moment! of high wit or sudden daring. Hi! achievement is something more modern, more difficult. As to the ideas about governmem ^ entertained by the new head of th< railroads, we learn, He believes with our forefather: that "that country Is governed bes which is governed least." Yes he say! "government is a serious task; it is i big man's job." "The greatest defec is our system of government," he ha: ^ argued, "is its failure to tlx responsl bility. Wo have outlined the necessit; of longer heeding Montesquieu's guar anty of democracy, a separation o legislative and executive functions.' In other words, we must cease passing ^ the buck in Washington, in our stat legislatures, our county seats. Thi slang is not Mr. Hines's, though th thought is. As to politics, Mr. Hines is a Demo crat. He confesses he is radical in hi social thinking. He believes that th i industrial processes of the United I States would profit by being "socialized" more than they are. As to a violent upheavel in this country, "we have at hand the means of coping witt every crisis that can -impend." Mr. Hines's first public message on taking office was a plea for a better j understanding of our railroad problem. A vigorous difference of opinion will not shock or disturb him. He will meet it calmly. He will generously and patiently examine every issue that is raised. He will go to the very bottom of this problem. GERMANY'S PRIZE COLONY. Togoland, on the Gulf of Guinea, Has .Been Most Successful. Concerning Togoland, one of the earliest and richest of German colonies, whose disposition is being considered i by the peace conference, the National Geographic society has issued the following bulletin from its headquarters in Washington: "Togoland is shaped like a hogshead, with a 32'mile base rest on the Gull of Guinea, its sides swelling to more than three times that w.dth, crowding the British Gold Coast possessions tc the west, and French Dahomey on the east, and its narrow top tapering intc the^Niger region. "Germany annexed Togoland in 1884, the year she launched upon hex colonial expansion with the acquisition also of northeastern New Guinea and the Bismarck Archpelago. Togoland was the first colony to dispense with imperial subsidy. "Along the seacoast Togoland's soil if rich and sandy, its climate warm and moist. The hinterland is higher, wooded and drier, but seldom arid. Thus the land is adopted to a wide variety of products, among which the growing of cocoanuts, corn, rice, tobacco and coffee already have been highly sue A?p?v/vn4a in/tlll/la />An_oi Hor. u picaounv. if v the freight trains for it. The traffic is so heavy and the rolling stock so j- scarce, for us common soldiers to K think of traveling by passenger train r Is out of the question. It is either travel on a dinky freight train or walk, s and I am not sure which is the best a choice. The train would be more speedy except for the fact that they ? have no idea of systematic connection. You are just as apt as not to be held up for six, eight or ten hours. n Arriving at Tours at 11 o'clock last Friday night, and finding that there e was no hope of striking another freight train in the direction of La Ro chelle until 4-30 next momlngr, I put In most of the night writing letters. But let me say that it was not nearly as bad as it might have been. There were about fifty of us. The Red Cross furnished us a room, and they gave us plenty of good food for almost nothing. Some of the boys slept, some walked about, some put in the time reading and some writing. I wrote about a dozen letters. The train came in about 6 o'clock and finally we got started along our weary way. I have said in previous letters that I did not think much of the French; certainly not the class of French I come in contact with mostly. They strike me as being mean, selfish profiteers, and then they are low and dirty. Maybe I see them at their worst, and it may be that our own people would not be much better if we had gone through what these people have gone through; but I cannot believe ! that. However, lest 1 convey the im pression that I do not like anybody or anything, let me say that I am always willing to hand it to the Red Cross. They will do anything In reason for | you any and all the time. Such cheerful usefulness as they show I have never known, unless I am allowed to say that It came from my mother. The Red Cross is easily the biggest thing of the war, not excepting the breaking of 'the Hindenburg line and the signing of the armistice. Three days more and I will be entitled to a gold stripe for six months foreign service. Of course I prize that, and shall always be proud of it; but let me be honest with the confession that I do not feel like staying over here tor a gold stripe. If I had my choice about embarking today and giving up the Btripe that will belong to me next Thursday, I would Immediately get on board the boat. But then again, you know, after having earned the stripe, I would not sell it for any amount of money. The major told us a few days ago that we would be sent to an embarkation camp within six weeks. That sounds good; but we do not bank i pro mil iu aunic ui mjr * vuuviw Frence, and Russia. The mystery of how the newspapers In question ob tained possession of the text erf this highly confidential document has never i been cleared up to this day. As how> ever, the original of the treaties were at that time stored in cupboards with glass doors, and fitted with ordinary ' common locks, in a private house in White hall, used as an annex of the l war office, it is not difficult to see how i an unscrupulous person might have ob toinoH qppoqq to thorn In days gone by the signing of the peace treaty would have been hailed with glee by the higher officials and clerks of our foreign office, since it ' was then customary to mark suclr auspicious occasions by a wholesale distribution of money gifts among those most nearly concerned. i These gifts came from the governments of the foreign states with whom the treaties were made, and were frequently of considerable value. Thus, ; in 1793, a sum of ?1,000 was received from the Russian government for distribution among the under secretaries and chief clerks of the British foreign office on the occasion of the ratification of two treaties between our King George III and the empress of Russia. The king of Sardinia, in the same year, sent ? ?600 to -be similarly distributed, and like sums al^o. forwarded by the Spanish, Prussian, Austrian, and Sicilian governments. These "good old times" must indeed have been'"good" ones for the officials concerned, since the whole of these large sums was divided between about tea. or twelve people. In 1831, however, the practise was discontinued. In conclusion, the writer states that the first signature to the new treaty of Paris should be that of the representatives of Germany; for, This is because precedent demands that the original copy of a peace treaty shall be signed in the alphabetical order of the various countries' names, and the official title of Germany, Deutsches Reich, comes first on the list America will sign under her official title of United States of America. Austria as Osterreich. and Brazil as Estados Unidos do Brazil. Even after all the representatives of the contracting powers have affixed their signatures and seals to the treaty, however, it has to be ratified by the actual rules of the countries, who also sign and seal it ST. PAUL*CATHEDRAL. i Most Noted English Church with a Story. "Even the war could not stop work on St Paul's Cathedral in London. The famous church, like the English constitution, represents a growth of centuries and not a definite period of i construction." This statement is made in a bullei tin of the national geographic society in connection -with a London dispatch which notes a request for additional funds to complete repair work on St. Paul's. "England's esteem for the historic edifice !o shown by the continuation of the restoration work throughout the war despite the interruption to practl cally all other buildings," the bulletin says. "Still fresh in p.tblic memory is the notable Service of Consecration attended by royalty and distinguished Americans then in Lonon, held in St. Paul's April 20, 1917 to commemorate the entry of the United States into war. "St. Paul's is the largest Protestant church in the world. Its dome is one of the most beautiful. The church embodies architectural ideas of many i periods, because it is not the product of a generation, or even a century. True, Sir Christopher Wren is credited with the structure as it stands today, but he embodied many features of the famous 'Old St. Paul's' razed in the great London fire 1666. Wren did not wish the restoration to be after the 'Gothick Rudeness of the old design.' But he was compelled to i modify his own plans to a considerable extent said he, of the balustrade addd over-his veto, 'Ladies think nothing ' well without an edging.' "To this famous mathematician, as:ronomer, and architect the London fire blew much good. He had commissions to draw plans for rebuilding half a hundred churches. From these were modeled many of the American churches of Colonial days. For his .nasterpiece, St. Paul's Sir Christopher i 's said to have received less than the equivalent of $1,000 a year, an amount which might engage the attention of a modern architect of his standing for an afternoon's consultation. The building was paid for by a tax on seaborne coal to London. "Travelers are apt to pass by an inscription on the south porch pediment, 'Resurgam' (I shall rise again) as a i religious reference to the Resurrec1 tion. When the architect was sur! veying the ruins he wished to mark ' the center of the projected dome. He > asked a workman to hand him a stone. The workman chanced to pick up a chip from an old tomb bearing the inscription, which Sir Christopher 1 adopted. "The motto was appropriate. Some ; historians believe the cramped Ludgate Hill site originally was that of a ' Roman shrine of Diana. A Christian > church is known to have been built there in the early seventh century. It was burned two decades after William ' the Conqueror came to England. From - the ruins emerged 'Old St. Paul's.' ' Fire destroyed that building too, but it was restored on an even more pre1 tentious scale. "At the 'Old St. Paul's' John Wycliflfe faced the charge of heresy, Tyndale's New Testament was burned, : Wolsey heard the reading of the Pap' -1 T onH iinHpr ' ?11 UUlIUClllliabiuu U1 uuiuvtt MMV. 'Powle's Cross', now marked by a memorial, heretics were forced to recant and witches to confess. I "Even before the great Are 'Old St. Paul's was crumbling, partly from a succession 01 iignimng siroKes, ana partly from neglect. Wine cellar* and workshops were to be found beneath Its lengthy corridors. The old building was nearly as long as the Union station at Washington, D. C. The nave became 'Paul's walk' a promenade. "Two towers, as well as the dome, make the new St. Paul's conspicuous. In one tower 'Great Paul,' a 17-ton bell booms dally at one p. m. A small bell tolls when there is a death in the royal family. "Tombs of Wellington and Nelson, Turner and Reynolds, and of other famous men are to be found In St. Paul's. Over Wren's grave Is a plain tablet bearing a Latin ' Inscription counseling the visitor to look about him if ha would find the architect's monument. "Sir Christopher should have be come renowned as a city planner as well as a church builder. After the Are he prepared a plan that would have made London a city of wide streets and radiating avenues. But Londoners had become reluctant to relinquish property in family tenure for years, unlike citizens of such newer cities as Baltimore and Chicago. St. Paul's itself has owned a farm in Tssex since the seventh century." ACREAGE REDUCTION FIGURES. Conference in Columbia Learns that South Will Cut 31 Per Cent The south's cotton acreage in 1919 will be 31.08 per cent less than in th<5 previous year, according to a report on acreage reduction estimates from all the cotton growing states submitted by the South Carolina cotton association here today. The report presented before a cotton reduction convention, at which it was an.ounced 800 delegates were present, epresenting every county in the state, also announced unfavorable weather for planting 90 per cent of the cotton belt That 50 'per cent less commercial fertilizer will be used this year that there is a market labor shortage, and "inroads of the boll weevil will be more serious than for years past" were other statements made in the report, which gave detailed figures of estimated reductions in each state, showing the big cotton producing states of Texas, Georgia, Mississippi and Oklahoma by these figures pledged to raise one-third less cotton this year than last. The following table of acreage re- j duction percentage by states was presented. state. rieaucuon **ct. Virginia 33 1-3 North Carolina , 24 South Carolina : 31.15 Georgia 33 1-3 Florida 24.55 Alabama ; 33 4-3 Mississippi 33 1-3 Louisiana 9 Texas 32 1-3 Arkansas 25 Tennessee 16 Missouri 6 Oklahoma 33 1-3 California 20 Arizona 25 Totals 31.08 "The association has not only hac'l pledges on reduction carefully tabulated and checked," says the report, "but has had a personal investigation made in each section for the purpose of being as near accurate as it is humanly possible to be in this estimate. The association report is certainly the most accurate report ever issued for South Carolina, the same being the result of practically a personal canvass of the farmers of the state. It is also probably the most accurate report on all conditions covered in the report ever issued." , Addresses were made by United States Senator E. D. Smith, of South Carolina: Congressman J. Thomas Heflin, of Alabama, and Asbury F. Lever, of South Carolina; Governor Robert A, Cooper, and W. B. Thompson, of New Orleans. The convention elected 10 delegates to the cotton convention scheduled for Memphis, April 10, and 20 delegates to the New Orleans convention May 1. The convention ended today. Columbia special of Thursday to Charlotte Observer. SOUTH'S NEW DAY. Hog and Hominy Doctrine of Henry Grady Recalled. Has It come? Is it approaching? We hope so. Thirty-one years ago Henry Grady of Atlanta delivered a speech in New England which made a more lasting impression possibly on the country than any one speech ever delivered by any human "being, t marked the dawn of what was then termed the new south, and it contained truths and statements which are invincible, and which it would do well to recall at this time. There was never a greater truth contained in the same words than the following brief extract from that great speech, for a great speech it was. We wish every farmer who reads this, and every other one who could hear of it, would make it a part of his creed, and if he would, then in fact would the new day dawn, and until It is made the creed of the southern farmer there will never dawn a new day for the ~outh. We wish every one would clip this from the paper and put It up somewhere where he could see it every morning before he went out Into the field. Listen: "When every farmer in the south shall eat bread from his own field and meat from his own pastures and disturbed by no creditor, and enslaved by no debt, shall sit mid his teeming gardens and orchards and vineyards, and dairies, and barnyards, pitching his crop in his own wisdom and growing tn indenendence. making cot ton his clean surplus, and selling it in his own time, and in his chosen market, and not at a master's bidding getting his pay in cash and not in a receipted mortgage that discharges his debt, but does not restore his freedom then shall be breaking the fullness of our day." Cotton reduction and cotton holding is a good thing and the right thing to do Just now, but these things are only temporary and can not be enduring. The only way to bring a new day for the south and commercial and financial freedom for the southern farmer is to adopt and to follow the creed contained in Henry Grady's great speech. Newberry Herald and News. - IKIED ru IAHH KA1SEK Lake Lea Fixed Dp Seasattoital Enterprise PLANNED GIFT TO PRESIDENT WILSON With Gang of Foarlota American* Tan* nessee Colonel Had Arranged a Scheme, Which if it Had Been 8uo* ceuful Would Have 8et Million* of Tongue* to Wagging. There has been a lot of talk and rumor for soma time write* a Waahinrton correspondent about an alleged attempt to kidnap the former emperor of Germany. All of the talk ha* connected the Americana with the alleged daring attempt. The facta are now known, in part at least Old Hickory Man. a Colonel Luke Lea, former United States senator from Tennessee, commander of the 114th Field artillery of .tie 30th division the "Old Hickory" uivlsion of CaroUnas and Tenneaseans who returned from Franca, only a week ago in command of his man, la the American colonel who lad the party of Amer can army officers who tried to kidnap the former German Falser last winter. The fact that Colonel Lea headed the kidnapping party was fully confirmed by the correspondent of The New York Times from the lips of a Tennessee man who calked with Col- . Jj onel Lea upon his arrivial at Newport News, Va., in command of the 114th Field artillery last Sunday after that unit had arrived from St Naxalre, France, on the transport Finland. While current versions of the story printed last January In French, British, and American newspapers asserted that the attempt to kidnap the Kaiser was made on January E. Colonel Lea indicated to those to whom he 1..4 a. iL.A 1A -IS A 1 ajjuM) tosi ouuua; imii h rvauy uwk place just before Christmas. "What were you going to do with the Kaiser If your kidnapping project had succeeded?" Colonel. Lea was ask* ed by those to whom be admitted that he headed the party that went to the castle of Count von Bentnlck. near Ammerogen. Gift for President "We were going to give him a free ride to Paris in our automobile and present him to President Wilson aa a Christmas gift." This statement by Colonel Lea would Indicate that the attempt was made just before Christmas, and it was intimated tonight that It took plaoe about December 2L From what was learned from the gentlemen who talked with Colonel Lea at Newport News there were fully a dozen officers and' men of the American army in the automobile party commanded by Colonel _ Lea that tried to obtain possession of the Kaiser. They were armed with passports, which they had managed In some way to obtain and which enabled them to go through Holland to the castle where the Kaiser was stopping. They got cloee enough to the presence of the Kaiser, Colonel Lea'told close friends since his arrival In this country, to hear his voice, but were foiled through the cudden dispatch of Dutch guards from Ammerongen to the castle, a contingency wholly unexpected and which forced the American officers to make a quick retirement in their military automobile to avoid arrest and possible internment by the Holland authorities, if not court-martial proceedings In the ? American army, provided their Identity should become known. Fear of Court-Martial. Colonel Lea did not desire to have the story of his escape become known at the time. It la his Intention to make a full public statement regarding all the details of the kidnapping attempt as soon as he Is discharged from the army. The possibility that he might even yet have to face a court-martial for having crossed into Holland on such an expedition and that those who were with him might be similarly dealt with, has been one of Colonel Lea's motives for extreme reticence in the matter. ? While in France he and those who were with him remained exceedingly quiet about the matter because they were in constant fear that they would be courtmartlaled. Colonel Lea has expected that he would be discharged from the military service of the United States some time during the coming week along with the other members of the 114th Field Ar-" tillery regiment, which he led back from France for demobilization. This regiment paraded today at Nashville, Tenn., and goes from there at once to Fort Oglethorpe, where it is scheduled to be demobilized during the next four or five days. Immediitely after his arrival at Newport News last Sunday Colonel Lea slipped up to Washington to visit his mother and sister who live here, and whom he wanted to see in connection with the recent death of his wife. It was not until the transport Finland was within three days of Newport News that Colonel Lea learned of his wife's death. When the 114th Field artillery arrived at Newport News there were a number of Tennessee newspaper men there to greet the regiment In some manner word had reached Tennessee that Colonel Lea commanded the Kaiser-kidnapping party, and those of ths Tennessee newspaper men who were sent to Newport News who had a "tip" on the story were very anxious to ob tain run details rrom coionei j^ea. ne told them the story was true, and that, while he intended to tell the whole story later, he did not care to confirm the facts so long as he was an officer in the uniform of the American army. He related some of the details to several with whom he talked and told them that the party of more than a' dozen American officers and soldiers was made up of men from all parts of the United States. There were four commissioned and three non-commissioned officers in the party besides some others. Three of them were from the south, among them Captain L. S. McPhail, of Nashville, and Lieut. Ellsworth Brown of Chattanooga.