University of South Carolina Libraries
f* . . Jl \ K A \ ' - J l m giust's sons, Publishers, J ^ ^'nuiil^ JlcicspajjEr i c^or th^ promotion oJ[ tht? |3 olitii^Hl, $ocinl, ^griijulturnl nutl (fonimerrial interests ofl ih^ |3co(iI{* { * single cop*, nr* cents, ESTABLISHED 1855 ~ YOHK.S.U. FRIDAY, FEBKtABY 7, 1919. 3STO.ll" ABOUT GREAT TUNNELS loterestlog Information for the Young People WONDERFUL UNDERGROUND PASSAGES How the Railroads Now Go Under the East and the Hudson Rivers Some Day a Tunnel Between Dover ana ~ ?-l-J - T...mI 4 m m IsaiaiS I mu a Uin.vi ....... Hi* Palace. You must have listened to some grown persons discussing the possibility of a tunnel under the English Channel. Have you ever maue the cioss:ng from Dover to Calais, or the other way round? If you have, you understand well enough how, although tho distance is not great, the waves can tumble the little steamers about in fine style. Did you stand far up toward the bow, watching the plucky ^ boat plow its way on between waves jo high on either side that they almost, resembled a tunnel? Of course, that was fine sport. Would you be moi e glad or sorry If some day, you found your train or your motor slipping from tne mainland down into a sate and dry real tunnel, leading under those waves all the way from England to France. There is probability that this will happen at a time not too long uistani. Why not? There are tunnels unuei water, plenty of them. The New Yor*. subway goes through one, you know, under the East river between lowei Manhattan and Brooklyn. Have you never imagined that you could heai the swishing of the water, as the train plunges aown, going faster through its cool, dark passage? The Pennsylvania t-allroad has another tunnel under the Hudson, too; when you travel, for instance, from Boston to Washington, your train first crosses Hell Gate bridge then enters the tunnel under t he East river (still a different one than thai which leads to Brooklyn), comes out * * ototiAn suddenly at me reaiu^inuw only to dart into another great tunnel which brings it to the Jersey shore. It is really very thrilling, don't ^ol think so? It makes you want to know how tunnels are made, how rock is broken up and soft earth overhead kept from caving in. Then, also, tunnels are not by an> means modern conveniences you will find. The ancient Egyptians knew ways of tunneling through rock; so did the Nubians and most other ancient civilized peoples, including the Aztecs of America. One very ancient tunnel under the river Euphrates was made, we may read, by first diverting the river channel, so that the masonrj could be constructed, in the bed of the river, then turning the waters back into their regular course. This wa> would-be considered a clumsy one today; when it came to tools for maneuvering the rock, the ancients were rather better supplied. For the ngype- i ions, at least, knew much about I p quarrying. The Romans were by far the moet j skillful tunnelers of olden times. As I with their roads, their aqueducts and I their public buildings, they were in-1 dustrious, too; there were many Ro-1 I man tunnels and these people found I the great rocks which were in theli I path. Suddenly they would turn cold I streams of water upon the hot rock, I thus causing enormous cracks which I made their work simpler. They had I marvelous ideas about how to get the J best possible light into their tunnels; I the Romans thought all of these points I out most carefully and nothing to them I was too difficult a task to be underta- I ken. In the Middle Ages, tunnels were I enemy from farther distant places. I than for the benefit of the public, as in I roads and aqueducts. Those were the I days in which the nobles lived in strong I castles, often perched upon mighty I ^ rocks, the huts of their retainers clust-1 ered close about the castle for protec- I tion. The one thought was to be well I fortified against warlike neighbors 01 I enemies from furthed distant places. I They Intrenched themselves behind I * stout walls which scarcely admittee. I light enough to enable dwellers there I to see what they were about; there I were drawbridges, inner and outei I walls, moats. And, in many a feudal castle, there was a secret uuuei6 1VUUUI passage or tunnel, through which the besieged could make their escape, ii conditions looked bad for them and their enemies were about to take possession. U One of the famous castles, high above the river Rhine, is said to have such a mysterious tunnel running for quite a distance underground and finally coming up at the very edge of the river. There the people of the castle fc. might have a chance of fleeing by boat or swimming through the swift-flowing current to the opposite bank, and so to safety. No wonder they needed mifh tunnels, when castles changed hands so often and so unexpectedly, j Someone has provided himself with a ' secret tunnel. In these days of the Twentieth Century. Didn't you read that the Kaiser had one made ready for him to make his escape, In case Allied airships came too near his headquarters with their bombs? I did; so, you see, these old ways have not been altogether forgotten even yet. It was not until the days of gunpowder that the finest of the tunnels could be made; this valuable tool was first used In tunnel work at a place in France, when the Languedoc canal was being constructed In the latter part of the Seventeenth century. After that the popularity of tunnels, for m the public convenience and for the furthering of commercial enterprises, about attempting to wcic vauviwu^ grow rapidly. Tunnels on canals, trunnels in mines, tunnels on railroads, tunnels under the water, all these have followed; until, today, all of us can probably remember one or two tunnels ? which we have met on our few travels, W in whatever country. If we have been fortunate, we have perhaps been through one of the celebrated Swiss mountain tunnels, among the greatest in the world. For some while, men j were cautious about attempting to build tunnels through soft ground, for that Is more difficult than through rock, of course. But now that sort of work is well understood, being achieved without any hesitation. i It would take a long time and many pages, to explain just how tunnels are made. With rock, men blast, you know, picking up the broken fragments as they go along. The St. GottI hard. In Switzerland, is this sort of a tunnel. When men set about building itunnels through soft earth or under ! the beds of rivers and channels, thr task is quite a different one, for the: must keep the water from flowing in and the roof of the tunnel from tumbling down over their heads. The roof has to be supported with timbers or ?<?"i ???<* fr\r Wf>Arjlnc out the water. there are two important processes; the compressed air system and the shield system. The compressed air method checks the inrush of the water while the shield method uses a cylinder of steel plate, with a sharp edge to push its way along, the openings through which the earth Is drawn in small amounts. It sounds all very difficult and mysterious here. But, just go to where a tunnel is being built, and observe for yourself; then you will understand why the tunnel under the English Channel may be attempted at almost any time. AFTER THE COTTON GAMBLERS Some Southern Representatives Would Investigate Exchanges. Investigation of the New York and New Orleans cotton exchanges by a committee of five members of the house, appointed by Speaker Clark, has been proposed by Representative Caraway of Arkansas, in a resolution introduced in the house. The committee would be directed to determine whether short selling and speculation on the exchanges had caused a decline of cotton prices- The resolution of Mr. Caraway would direct the committee to determine the cause of wide fluctuations in the cotton future market and whether the low prices are du? to a conspiracy of restraint among the dealers. It also would direct the committee to restore open market conditions. Representatives from cotton states, including Mr. Caraway and Representatives Eagle of Texas and Heflin of Alabama, urged that action be taken by congress to assure a higher price for cotton. Mr. Caraway did not directly charge that manipulation caused the decline in cotton prices, but Representatives Eagle and Heflin asserted that foreign spinners by short selling through American agents, had forced down the price. "The price has constantly dropped until now there Is not any market for cotton," declared M.r. Caraway, who asserted that this condition prevailed although the world's cotton supply is short and the 1918 crop of the south is the smallest ever gathered there. Mr. Caraway said that while he would not charge manipulation as the cause of the decline he had information an ag??fnent had .beenmade in thijj country to sell cotton to foreign countries at a contract price less than that which cotton had brought in the open market here. "WO marKei reguiaiea oy me iaw ui supply and demand could sag for $867,000,000 as has the cotton market in the last two months, especially with the supply constantly growing less." Representative Eagle declared that "English cotton spinners manipulate the market through their agents, the N*ew York and New Orleans cotton gamblers." He added that New England manufacturers had contracted to sell cotton goods on a basis of paying 37 1-4 cents a pound for the raw product and said that any price under that amount was "so much in the hands of the speculators." Mr. Heflin also accused manipulators with causing the decline in the market and added that unless congress takes action financial hardships will ensue throughout the south. HOLD UP THE PRICE. Cotton States Should Start Campaign for Less Acreage. Governors of the cptton growing states will be urged to set in motion a campaign for reduction of the 1919 cotton acreage which will reach every individual grower, as the result of a conference in New Orleans Tuesday of rielpeatea from South Carolina. North Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana and TexasResolution adopted by the conference plans a working organization in every county in the south and a speaking and publicity campaign modeled on Liberty loan campaign methods, urging substitution of foodstuffs too cotton this year to an extent reducing the cotton acreage from 37,000,000 acres to 25,000,000 acres. The governor of each cotton growing state was asked by the conference to appoint a farmer and a banker, also a business man, to be members of a board to direct the campaign. Immediate action was requested, as it was pointed out that the work to be done must be accomplished within the next four weeks. Another resolution urging the farmers "not to sell the balance of the present cotton crop for less than 30 cents a pound basis middling." The meeting at New Orleans Tuesday was called at th : instance of Governor Cooper, of South Carolina. L. I. Gulon, one of the South Carolina delegates, presided. Mr. Gulon said that the aim of the conference "Is to put the south on a buness basis by reducing the cotton prosiness basis by reducing the cotton prosorbed at a reasonably profitable price and with the acreage thus freed produce food enough to sustain the south." Rats in Kansas. Some interesting figures about the rat population in Kansas have been compiled for the Federal Food administrator of that state. Working with figures of European rats surveys male just before the war it is estimated that the rat population of a city like Wichita is proba bly equal to the human population, while in the country districts there are at least ton rats for every person. A fair estimate would be 3.000,000 rats for Kansas, each requiring $2 worth of food a year, at $6,000,000 loss. Practically all the rats in Kansas, however, would have to work one year to effect the destruction represented by the careless handling of eggs in that state. Scientific American. AS TOLD TO THE HOMEFOLKS, I I Pleasant Chat From Doctor J. Wilson McConnell. WORKING, PLAYING AND THINKING A Dinner With the General Visit to ^ the Home of La Fayette Something I About the Orphans Ready to Come Home. [The following letter from Dr. J. Wilson McConnell, was written to the homefolks from Base Hospital No. 30, [ at Royat; Puy-de-Dome, France, oni January 6. It will be of special inter-1 est to the doctor's many friends and acquaintances and of hardly less interest to the public. I have Just come in from the surgery, where I operated on a man for mastoid trouble double infection, both sides and I sat down here think lng I would give you the story of last I week, as I usually do, but when 1 j wrote the date line, the phone rang and Col. Carter asked me to go for a ride with him. An invitation from a the C. O., is about equivalent to an or- i tier and in this case a very pleasant b order it is too, for the colonel is a a dandy companion, and we will go f somewhere for a ride and it may be b ate when we get back, but I will try n to chronicle the events of the week s past for you. sJ First let me say, that I am always a wishing for all of you, for I really do ii have lots of interesting experiences o and see so many pretty places and a things that if I had all of you along h we could enjoy them so much in the fi years to come, for talking over places r where you have been and people we y have met is one of the pleasantest n things in life. a Second: State of weather and health si the usual thing in a letter the n weatner IS uumy, rams U snows every few days, but it stays on b the ground only in the mountains, and e though I see snow every day, it is not d cold. Health?general health condi- f< tions are good. There has been a bit h of a flare up in flu in some places, but o we have not had many severe cases? l the pneumonia is not severe. My own 7 health is good. I am not quite so ii stout as I have been, but weigh enough. t< I have been careful in my eating in or- e der to keep my weight down. Our mess is good, but hardly as good as F when we had more patients, for when h we bought in larger quantities we had * better choice- We buy a great deal of fl veal from the French and veal is not E one of my favorites, as Agnes knows? w and I serve fair warning on the rest of o you when I come to eat the Christmas y and Thanksgiving dinners I have miss- d ed. My long suit is chicken and rice ir ?nd -gravyr dtm't forret'that"" Cohslir^hr Lizzie and Aunt Seraphina used to ft start the fire in the stove in the mid- tl die of the afternoon to cook me an t< egg custard, and I would like to eat T one right now. Lots of people have 01 been good to me all my life?I think s< of how many people have taken trou- Jii ble for me all during my life, and I ('( am thankful for it Then I was for-I'll tunate enough to marry a wife who o: loves me a lot and takes a lot of trou- a: ble for me and you cannot beat that g for good fortune. Over here, I have w found people who treat me fine too? d so the Lord is still looking out for me. p The dinner given by Gen. Santant 11 ">? "no Wo in on vnu recall, the 8< French commander of this section a lieutenant general he is. He gave this a dinner to the American officers eight h of us two colonels, two majors and b some liason officers who. have been attached to his staff. He had his staff n present, and the dinner was served in 0 a "cafe gastronome." I enclose the a menu for you. If you pardon me, I w will translate for you too: Consomme, a Turbot Dieppe (fish); lamb chops, n mushrooms and cream, roast partridge s< on toast; salad, lettuce and celery, t some meat patties and all sor j of n fruits and confections as I told you f, they are great for glace fruits and dif- ^ ferent kinds of cakes. The wines v were white and red wines in carafe (you u lrink those instead of water). Haul si Sauterne-a dandy sweet water. Cham- a nagne (Nuits St. Georges) and a cor- 31 dial liquer chartreuse or some such. s. The first toast proposed by the gen- tl eral was to President Wilson- We si toasted Le Belle France also, of b course. You address the general as j< "Mon General" always, auto est ur- a rive*. a Sunday night. Well, we had a nice f< ride of about 30 miles. What it would p have meant to each of you. We went i? through Chamalleres, and up the h mountain side, winding around on a b perfect road and a smooth grade, un- ^ til we were up where we could see for b miles down the valley of the Allier, n numerous villages with their red roofs, 0 the slopes covered with vines, and lit- t< tie wine sheds and cellars here and f, there, many of them looking as if they p were 500 years old and they probably a were. At last we were up in the snow a and it was cold we passed the same h place I had been on my wild boar hunt, a an old volcanic crater, with stone piled ? by the real Master hand such heaps n of-lava and stuff you never imagined. v Then we came to the village of Volvic ? a place hundreds of years old, nar- t row streets, dirty in appearance, about g 2,000 people, I would say and all en- c gaged in stone cutting. The Volvic ij stone is known all over Europe. It is t a volcanic stone, about like sand- j; stone or brownstone, red and dark in t color and there were thousands of slabs of it of all sizes and also plenty r of capitals and carvings. It was a t bleak looking place, for practically no j |, vegetation was growing up there. G : We visited the Chateau de Tour- s nool and it is by far the biggest and t j most interesting castle I have seen in j France. It is the real thing in a cas- t tie built in the eighth century, upon ( a solid rock, on a little mountain, and < j its walls and towers are thick and ( otrnni?. It would offer a good defense t today against anything,except heavy ordnance. It was about dark when I got there, and I did not go all through the towers, though an old woman lighted a lantern and offered to take us around It Is a place visited by tourists. The owls were flying out of the turrets where the men with their I erossbows used to fire from the slits m, ; .v "" ^ ' The official welcome to the return ;he Hudson river and a land parade o a the Hudson. nd embrasures. It would easily house ,000 men and I would have liked to ave seen It when "knights were bold nd their ladles fair" were present | or it was a real place. You could not! uild it today for hardly less than a lillion. A woman has a little inn be- ; ide the castle. I enclose her card j he makes the inn look almost as large s the castle, but the perspective is all 1 her favor. The young lady came i ut and holding both my hands, she aid, "We will have supper (dinner) 1 forty minutes for you and your riends," but I told her we had to hur- j y back for an engagement, but we rent into the kitchen and it certainly lade me hungry for they were fixing fromage (cheese) soufflet, an omelet, erne big thick steaks and plenty of ice side d'shes, and the mountain ride ad whetted my appetite until I cerlinly wanted to stay and try that omlette. She showed me a big fat, ressed chicken she was going to have >r dinner tomorrow. We had to leave owever, without even the little drink f port wine which she insisted upon. I 'he French are great cooks you must rant them that they are not the fryig pan kind. They really know how 3 serve a complete meal in course, ven if it is a little bit of a place. Did I tell you about my trip to La'ayette's chateau fifty miles from! ere? I have forgotten whether that ras in my last letter or not. It is a ne ride and we went by La Chaise; ieu (the Chair of God), an old town 1th a famous cathedral adjoining an id monastery. It seems to me I told i ou this before. Anyhow, this cathe-' ral was worth while. We got there! i a snow storm. It is away up onaj Hi And was founded by f*ofce CfStaonT^ [oore will know more amout him, lan I do, for I have not read any his-' jry of the middle ages in a long timehe tapestries were the main thing C interest they were made in Arras iveral hundred years ago are of silk | nd wool and they have refused $2,)0,000 for them. The wood carvlngB round the organ are also good the rgan was damaged by the Huguenots nd has not been repaired. The Huuenots also broke the pope's tomb hich is in the center of the cathe ml. ^ ?1 J ?!/! a AKnnf tVi n rtu. 1UC U1U WwlO IV1U uo ai/vuh Miv lace. He is a great big fellow, about ke Albert Cathey. and ho gave us >me fine cordial made by the monks long time ago?a really fine liquer, nd I wanted to buy a bottle, but they ad none for sale?the supply had een exhausted I am going back to Chavanlac tolorrow morning to operate on some | f the orphans. I will take the auto. I nd a nurse and anasthetist, and we I ill stay two days, for there will be' bout thirty to operate on for adeoids and tonsils. They are bringing ome other children up from Le Puy? twon 20 miles further up themoun: ins, so I will have hard work to do, ar they are children about ten or ivelve years old, and there are no conenlences there at all hardly. I have tken all my stuff prepared, already terilized?plenty of it. It will be cold s whiz there too, for the chateau tands on a high place. La Fayette old off a part of the estate to finance tie expedition to America. I undertand his last lineal descendant has een killed in this war, and the Amer:ans have taken over the property nd made an orphanage of it. They re building some houses there now 3r the children and the old chateau-, rorier will become a museum. There i nothing of the La Fayette's In the ouse now except his bathtub. It is a ig wooden affair, lined withveneerlg, and I am sure there was no troule in preserving it, for the Auvsrgat seldom bathes and after the death f the marquis there was no one else 3 use It. Tou have to give the old sllow credit for having "guts", for he lcked up and left his country to come cross and fight with the Americans gainst the British, and he financed j is own enterprise. These children 11 nj caring for up there have all lost heir fathers in battle, and are a very lee looking lot of boys. I am sure I >'111 have Quite a hard time with them he next two days aand I am sorry for| hem and will surely deal kindly and ( ;ently with them- I am enclosing ai opy of the proceedings at Chavaniac a.st summer when the Americans took he place over. Do not lose this, for it s an Interesting account, and the picures are good. Here Is another piece of Interesting lews. We have been ordered to cloao his hospital at Royat by February 1st. 5o It seems that we will be moving omewhere soon. I suppose the French ire wanting these fine hotels we are ising and we have been ordered to nove the patients out by the end of he month. We shall ship them to Ufferent places some ?o the states, >thers to other hospitals, and some to iuty we havo only 500 now. I hate ,U OCC UIC V(V0S aw owwtt, hough it means we will get started ;owards home, I am afraid we will lave to stay sometime in barracks lomewhere, probably in the cold and nud, for I know how congested the jorts are at present?thousands of nen sleeping in poor quarters, and ain every day and cold too. I would ike to be able to move from here right LEET REVIEWED IN THE \ ed American naval vessels took the form f the bluejackets la New York. The grt on to tho ship. We may be under way ^ t Ijome In six weeks from now and I t suppose I will go right on to San Francisco with this unit, as I am attached 2 to It now. 1 will have Agncss meet me s In New York and wo will take In the j trip across the continent together. I s would prefer to stay right here until g the end of March and then move home d In the better weather, for it Is no easy s task to get ready and travel in midwinter. Going home will be the good ? part of it, though, and that means a h Jot. | h Closing up a hospital and leaving is' c quite a task and all of us will be busy 1 this month, but I want to get my leave, Ji which is due. Leaves are not accumu- p lative, and you get no credit for not e taking yours when it is due, so I am p going to try to get away up front next q week, about a week from tomorrow. I v already have the permission to go, but fc have been waiting on the colonel for > company. tl { I got a nice package of mall last tl nigxiu i.wu icucra 1.1 win /ibucos, www v from Ed, one from Miss Kirk and one v from Miss Albee so when I came in t at night and found all the letters and ^ clippings I had a real fine evening and t( did not go to sleep until late. Noth- b ing takes the place of a letter or a lot tl of clippings of local interest Ed ask- g ed me if I ever received The Enquirer, tl I received two copies they are not' b forwarded. To send clippings by first- e class mail is the only way to get news K "ii early in the morning and get a good. t start rl Love and good wishes to each of you. f( Wilson. c; 1 $ MIDDLING WORTH 30 CENTS. a t< d S. B. Tanner Exposes the Tricks of the t] Cotton Gamblers. tl Passage of the bill now before con- n gress, providing for the regulation of,p the grading of cotton when sold to the j ^ mills by brokers on contract, was ad- i vocated yesterday by S. B. Tanner, of Charlotte, president of Henrietta mills, i He declared this measure, if enacted, T would be one of the most effective remedies for unsatisfactory conditions in 81 the cotton market, as it would insure 17 the speculator of the grade of cotton bought by the mill on contract. Mr. Tanner claimed that, because the farmers are holding high-grade c< cotton on account of the low price now 8 being offered and because there is a 31 big supply of low grade cotton on the market, cotton speculators are trying d to shove off on the manufacturers in- p ferior grades at a cost only slightly below the price quoted for basic mid- u dling, and this inferior grade is abso- 0 lutely useless to the manufacturers this section. | There are three grades superior to r middlir cotton, and there are a number of grades inferior, Mr. Tanner ex- ei plained. In buying cotton an average w middling, which may be obtained by c putting in a share of inferior grade r>nttnn and eaual grade of higher grade, is wanted. This can be r' used for manufacturing purposes, but speculators quote prices on middling, w and when the time comes for the mill a man to buy the speculators excuse a themselves with the remark that they p cannot supply the middling at the price 17 quoted, but that they can supply this p' inferior grade at a price slightly lower ' than the price quoted, usually two or three cents lower, Mr. Tanner said. 11 However, for cotton sold two or three 8 cents lower than the quoted price the p speculators had to pay seven or eight cents less than the price for which they sold it, he claimedThe bill before congress would force the speculators, in selling cotton, to give an average middling equal por- tl tiona of low-grade and high-grade cot- tl ton so that the whole would make an w average middling. tl Mr. Tanner referred to the pure rooa '.i law as an illustration of the point. Under this law a concern cannot sell a bar- si rel of potatoes, advertised at the price n of good potatoes one-half of which b aro good potatoes, one fourth partly rot- o ten and the remaining fourth entirely n rotten. The barrel of potatoes sold at y a price quoted for good potatoes must y come up to the proper standard. b The law, at present allows the spec- s ulator to sell the inferior grade cot- a ton as it stands without mixing with c a better grade, Mr. Tanner explained, d He argues that this should not be per- y mltted, as it Is the cause of the down- u ward trend of cotton and actually en- r ables speculators to force the cotton p growers to sell their product at a low g price. s Just now the farmers are holding s their cotton because of the low price, p However, they cannot hold it always, i he points out, and the speculators are g lowering the demand for middling and d higher grade cotton by throwing this inferior grade, which was described by Mr. Tanner as of no more value to the s cotion manufacutrers than hay. on to i I the market at two or three cents less < aiirtAAii nn/irn luuduri mvtn of a review of the fighting ships In at ships are here shown as thej lay han the quoted price of middling coton. Middling yesterday was quoted at 3 cents, Mr, Tanner said, yet if the peculator were asked if he could sup>ly middling at that price he would ay no, but would offer the inferior ra.de at perhaps 20 or 21 cents. Midlling cotton would cost about 30 cents, aid Mr. Tanner. Plenty of the lower grade cotton is on he market now, and by throwing this nto the market the speculators are oldlng up middling and higher grade otton, causing a drop in the price "he farmers are holding their cotton ust now, but as time passes, and if the rice should continue to drop, depreasd conditions will force the farmer to ut his product on the market at the uoted price. Then the speculators rill get the middling at a cheap rate, Ir. Tanner explained. He said that the speculators claim hat by throwing off this inferior grade hey are helping the farmers to dlsose of poor cotton which otherwise rould be held on their hands. Mr. anner held that if this inferior grade rere eliminated, and if the specula>rs were forced to equalize the grade y a mixture of higher grade cotton, he demand for middling and higher rades would force the price up so that hA tnrmnr would make more monev y throwing away .the low grade and etting a high price for the good grade. -Charlotte Observer. PROBLEM OF WHEAT. * G nil n d r a iV^Vx po rt e rs a nil t'nl 1 len^on 'hursday presented to the house agIculture committee varied suggestions jr methods of carrying out the govrnment's guarantee to producers of 2.26 a bushel for 1919 wheat crop. Al' greed that the wheat price, as de;rmlned by world conditions, would rop below the guaranteed rate and lat the government should make good ie difference directly rather than by laintalnlng artificially the higher rice. The witness also agreed that the exiting United States grain corporaon of some similar body, should be lalntained as the government's agency )r supporting the price of growers, hey difTer as to methods to be pre?ribcd by legislation, which the comilttee is prepared to draft. /Isslarfl nrnnnanH t hot the 1 HO ?ICU1* UVfMVI U orporatlon actually buy the grain at j 2.26, sell It to the millers or other msumers at a price dictated by world urplus for export. The exporters jggested that the corporation's funcons be limited to paying farmers the iflference between the government rice and the market price at which io grain was sold, without actually iking possession, and correctly withut piling up a great quantity for exort. The millers were interested mainly l having the corporation given aulority to protect millers against losss growing out of the falling of the rheat price from the present artifllal level to the true world price, and - e fluctuations in the world price be>re it becomes stable under the coronation's administration. Other suggestions of the dealers pere that the government should not rqulre storage warehouses or mills In nticipation of any emergency caused y flooding the market after next sumicr's harvest and that the grain coiv oration should not be called on to nndle other grains than wheat. The millers asked protection against le expected decline from the present rtiflcial level to the open market rices, it was explained, only to keep ie unusual quantity of flour in transto consumption points, necessary to taintaln a steady supply. This Ought to Pass. Following is ie text of Mr. McDavid's bill to make ie giving of bad checks a felony, ' /ovamKIv ronnrtoH hi' men ncifl uccn lavuiauij ?v|/v* ??? ie house committee on banking and i-i ranee: "Section 1. That any person who hall obtain with fraudulent in;cm, loney or other property which may e the subject of larceny, or whosla'l btaln credit with like intent, l?y leans of a check draft or order, 6f rtilch he is the maker or drawer, rhich is not paid by the drawee, shall e deemed guilty of the larceny of uch money or other property, or ot nything of value obtained on such redlt, unless payment of such cheek, raft or order be made on demand In exiting: mailed to the drawer's last, nown address; and the fact that such tinker or drawer did not have on delosit to his credit with the bank, peron, firm or corporation upon which uch check, draft or order is drawn, ufficient funds to pay the same when >resented, unless such check or draft s paid or accepted when presented, hall be prima facie evidence of fraululent intent Really? Even a realistic writer ;ometimes realizes that he can not realze on hie realism. Boston Transrrijrt NtuKUtS WANT SAT SU Procedlngs of Semt-Polltlcal Coolereoce Id Columbia. LOOK TO POLITICAL SB-ORGANIZATION Matters of Special Interest to the Race Discussed, and One Leader Says There Should be Representation on the School Board* Would Like to See a Split in the Democratic Party. Pnliimhin fltnta WoHnnoHav Negroes from all sections of South Carolina met In Columbia yesterday to formulate the magna carta of the rights and aspirations of the race to blend with the new freedom and spirit of the reconstruction era. The conference was only seml-polltlcal In character, but allegiance to the Union Republican party was reaffirmed, with certain qualifications. The j leaders reserved the right to cast their support to "any other political organization that will give us the rights to which we are entitled." That the party in South Carolina had disintegrated or at least was no considerable factor on election days was frankly admitted, but this was attributed partly to the spirit in which the registration laws in South Carolina are executed and partly to the inaction of the party members. The opening clause of the preamble to the resolution, embodying the ideals of the party, emphasizes, "The conditions existing in the Union Republican party of South Carolina are such as to make its existence almost negligible, brought about largely through the unjust, unfair and unlawful execution of the election laws of our state by the officers whose duty it is to administer the law, together with the lack?f Interest-by the members of the party to qualify themselves to meet the test" Want All to Register. To prevent the continuance of this condition, every minister and leader of the race was urged to nail upon ine masses to register and every county, precinct and ward chairman is to be urged to form clubs and to take any other measures looking to awakening the masses to register In 1919. The conference also placed jnuch emphasis on the question of education. By unanimous consent a committee of Ave, headed by Bishop Chappelle, will wait on Governor Cooper at qoon today to urge negro representation on all boards of trustees. ! Another committee will wait on the railroad commission, to enter complaint against the railroad service to which the negroes are subjected. It was fblnted out that the contention not against the "Jim Crow" car Sib ^ffrr^ppiaLln argument was a ^^PparSor^arffi^comTl tfo ris aid quality of service given, when both white and black pay the same fares. Not only are negroes cramped for space, but the cars are often unsanitary and drinking my whites it was charged, was allowed in coaches set apart for the negroes. Wants Divided Party. In reviewing the political situation in the state, Bishop Chappelle said there were thousands of people in South Carolina who wanted to see two partlea Some of these whose names he mentioned were whites who were anxiously awaiting the ppportdnlty to break from the fold of the Democrat. . nA1U_ lc party ana le&a uie uegives AAA |/VU?~ | ical conquest Allegiance to the Democratic party would be shaken by these white politicians Just as soon as these somewhat unsubstantial regulations by which negroes were disfranchised, could be removed. Chappelle was opposed to reaffirmation of allegiance to the Union Republican party without so modifying the clause as not to offend the Democratic party. What he was anxious to see was the negro wielding the balance of power between the two riven factions of Democrats. "What I want to see is the Democratic party divided," Chappelle said. "I would be willing to follow any one, even the old devil himself part of the way, who could split the Democratic party." During the first session of the conference in the morning, there was some debate as to the necessity of following the leadership of white men in the Republican party in South Carolina, but R. H- Richardson of Wedgefield, vice chairman of the state organization of the party and who ran for congress on the Republican ticket last summer, urged that no action be taken which would cross purposes with the national organization. The question was put to Richardson if he had notified State Chairman Tolbert of the meeting. He had. Then why of the white men directing the party was not Tolbert present "I am tired and only comin& around when the plums are shaken down," the speaker said. There were some nign aiveruus mvments, not more than four eloquent speeches being made simultaneously to an audience of about 50 people. The resolution as to political affiliations was the product largely of J. I, Washington of Beaufort, assisted by W. P. Carolina of Georgetown, J. A. King and J. W. Dawkins. The resolution follows: Adopt Resolution. "Whereas, the conditions existing in the Union Republican party of South Carolina are such as to make its existence almost negligible, brought about largely through the unjust, unfair and unlawful execution of the election luws of our state by the of' fleers whose duty It is to administer I the law, together with the lack of interest in the members of the party to qualify hemselves to meet the test: and 1 "Whereas no people can hope to continue long to exist, and wield any influence in the body politic, unless it, not only represents high and lofty principle, but has the power with which to enforce and sustain those principles; and "Whereas the Republican party of which we are members was born of the necessities of the people, and brought into existence as a government of the people, for the people and by the people, and has always stood for equal rights of all men before the !law, civil or political, and w nereaa, as a ooay or representatlve men, gathered in conference In the city of Columbia, are deeply interested in the welfare and perpetuation of the grand old party, being the great need of a reawakening and a revival of interest; therefore "Be it resolved, That every member of this conference each for himself, and for those whom he represents, here pledge anew his loyalty to the Union Republican party, or any other political organization that will give us the right to which we are entitled; "Resolved, That we urge upon every lover of right. Justice and fair play, irrespective of past party affiliation or color, to put forth every effort to betI ter conditions now existing, by creating a deoper interest and bringing into active party service, the thousands who have heretofore given no atten[ tlon to and taken no interest in the people's affairs; "That every minister of the gospel and every person who Is interested la the affairs of the government, urge upon the people to qualify themselves for the franchise; "That this conference request each county, precinct and ward chairman and urge that they organize dubs and reach the masses of the people, with the view of having them register during the present year, 1919, and "That this conference earnestly call upon all the people to take such steps as will be necessary to carry out the purposes of these resolutions; and "Finally, that copies of these resolutions be published In the newspapers , of the state." The committee on race economics made the following report: "After carefully considering the questions given your committee for answers we make the following report on the questions submitted: "Firstly, 'How can we aid In getting the best results from the public schools?* "Secondly, 'Should we seek minority representation on trustee board?' "Thirdly, 'Are teachers given reasonable salaries In rural districts?'' "Fourthly, 'Are negro school houses properly built and furnished?' "In answer to question 1, we beg to say that we can get better results first, by having efficient teachers, in all of our schools and the lengthening of the term by special donations. "In answer to question 2, it is not for us to say whether we should have minority representation; but we feel that we should by all means be represented upon each and every board where negro schools are operated. "In answer to question 2, we answer 'No* with emphasis, especially when we take into account the high cost of living. For, now we have sobotls without teachers because of 4the low ^ salaries and the high prices must be paid for board. ' 1'"In answer to question 4, we answH' /"' tfo.' ~tn many places we have school houses whatever, and such schools as we have are being taught in churches and that, too, without prop- * er heat and ventilation, which endangers the health of the children." / TO INVESTIGATE B0L8HEVIKI Senate Fears That Dangerous Plots Are Brewing. Sweeping Investigation of bolshevik, I. W. W. and Other propaganda has been ordered unanimously by the senate after two hours of tempestuous discussion in which several senators declared that organizations were plot ting to overthrow the American government by violence. The senate Judiciary subcommittee, which for more than a year has been investigating pro-German and brewers' propaganda, was authorised by the senate resolution to conduct the new Inquiry. The committee will begin work probably next Friday. Senator Overman said the new investigation would cover a wide range. The resolution offered by Senator Walsh of Montana, Democrat, and adopted without a roll call, or dissenting voice, extended the committee's power to Inquire concerning any efforts being made to propagate in this country the principle of any party exercising or claiming to exercise au- _ thorlty in Russia, whether such efforts originate in this country or are incited or financed from abroad, and further to inquire into any effort to incite the overthrow of the government of this country or all government by force, or by the destruction of life or property, or the general cessation of industry. Senators Joined in Impassioned denunciation of the alleged propaganda uiia aiso of a meeting held in Washington last Sunday at which the Russian soviet government was praised as superior to the American form of government. The senate's action looking to the suppression of the alleged seditious propaganda came unexpectedly. Senator Myers of Montana, opened the discussion with vigorous criticism of last Sunday's public meeting, held in a theatre owned by the government, and said any member of congress who spoke at the meeting In support of the Russian soviet should be expelled. Senator Kellogg of Minnesota, denounced a proclamation in a 8L Louis newspaper entitled, "Lenine's Appeal to the Bolshevik of America," and said "criminal" propaganda aimed at a violent overthrow of the government, was active in the United States. Senator Weeks of Massachusetts, Republican, declared the American people did not understand that the real purpose behind the propaganda was the overthrow of their government and that until they do understand, it could not be stamped out The resolution was regarded by the sub-committee as authorising an inquiry into the activities of the L W. W., which was referred to by Senator Thomas of Colorado as a "criminal" organization. Senator Kellogg declared that the L W. W. was seeking to wreck the government by force. The new inquiry by the Overman committee was ordered Just as the committee was concluding its long investigation of brewery and German propaganda, a report on which now probably will be deferred. Rich Enough. "This fish ia rery rich." "Tea, it is very well supplied with bones." Boston Transcript.