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SBaKI.WEEKL^"^ ^ ^ ^ , ( l m giust's sons. pabiuhcb.} & dfantilj UHcsjaptit: 4or th$ promotion of ttu political, ?otfnl, Agricultural and (fommcrrial interests of the P<opI<. - TERI^ established 1855 " YORK, 8. C.. TUESDAY,. FEBRUARY 4. 19T~a NO. IP THE VICTOR OF NANCY General De Castelnao a Great Sol dier PHCVED TOO MUCH FOR GERMAN! Authentic Sketch of a Man Who Ranki High Among the Splendid Fighteri Who Bore the Brunt of the Earl] Fighting. 1 The inhabitants of Colmar who sav General de Castelnau, clad in the re< and black uniform of 1870 pass in re view of the French troops entering th< old Alsatian city writes a Paris cor respondent, did not, perhaps, realizi that they were looking at the glorioui descendant of one of the greatest fam ilies of the military aristocracy ii ^ France. The Castelnau motto sum up the character of the various mem bers of the heroic family; Curreni ^ post Glorlam semper. In truth thii device has been believed by any of th< Castelnaus, from that Jacques de Caste telnau, the victor of the Battle of th< ? Dunes, who, in 1658, was by "order o the king" created marshal of France to the present Gen. Edouard Curierej de Castelnau, commander-in-chief o the armies of Lorraine, and victor of th< * Grand Couronne of Nancy. Amongst the ancestors of General d< Castelnau, there are found man: knights who accompalned St. Louii on his crusade to Efeypt. His grea grand-father, the above mentionet marshal of France, was one of the he roes of the wars of Louis XIII ant Louis XTV. One of his great grand' uncles was an Intrepid navigator whose daring exploits, are still cele' brated. Courage, heroism, and faitl have always been the traditional at> tributes of the Castelnaus. A native of St. Alfrique in the Department of Aveyron, his father, th< Marquis Curieres de Castelnau, was lawyer and mayor of the little town ' The future general was the younges of the three sons, who were all educated at the colleges of the Jesuits ir ^heir native city. The three Castelnai brothers each entered upon a particularly brilliant career, largely nc doubt owing to the care their fathei ?who was a great scholar?took t< direct them Intellectually and- morally, sparing no pains to discover theii true vocations and to inculcate in their . . a love for work. Having left the college of St. Affrique, Edouard Curleres de Castelpai carrfe to Paris where he entered th( the school of the Jesuits in the Ru< des Postes. There he passed the preparatory examinations for St. Cyr being admitted to this college in 1869 a few months after the first Germar aggression. Promoted lieutenant ir Au<rust 1870, he took part in the bat* ITe" of Orleans, and witnessed both the capture and the liberation of the town He also participated in the battlei of St. Maximln and Chambord, anc became captain at the early age ol W , 19! When peace was signed owinr to the revision of the grades in 1871 he once again became a simple lieu tenant However he soon regained his rank and entered the School of wai g with an elite of young officers whe were anxious to learn all the militar: ? science which (as they had discovere< by bitter experience) their chiefs ha< lacked in the war 1870! Leaving th School of War in 1870, Edouard de Cas t..oo onnnlnSort to the staff of thl icmau ??uo - ', Seventeenth army corps and fron then onward he embarked on a re markably fine career. He was pro moted commandant In 1889 and ii 1896 left Toulouse for Paris, where h< was appointed lieutenant-colonel or the Etat-Major de l'Armee. In 1901 he became colonel of the Thirty-sev enth Regiment of infantry, and sooi Joined the superior command of Bel fort. In 1906 Edouarfl de Castelnau wai made general and was successive!; quartered at Sedan and at Soissons In 1909 M. Millerand placed him a the head of the staff of the Ministr; of War where many attacks werenat f urally made upon him. Certain partlcu larly militant politicians of anti-cleri * 5V*Io nrnoonnp at tVli CHI views regui uvu ma |/iaav?vv ... head of the army as a serious dar.ge for the republic. In their eyes. Gen eral de Castelnau represented mili tary clericalism and they deemed hin quite capable of favoring; at a givei moment, the aspirations of some pre tender or other. Their want of un derstanding was 60on evident. Fo if General de Castelnau has neve & troubled to conceal his religious con victions, he has always served Franc with the utmost devotion; and thi aristocrat has never been guilty of th slightest gesture of animosity towan the republic. Already, In 1913, Gen * eral Joflfre recognized his remarkabl military qualities by appointing hir * second-in-command of the Genera staff of the army, and by treating hir as his faithful and wise counselor At the beginning of the world wai General de Castelnau was at the heai of the second army of Lorraint Thanks to his ability and indomitabl ???wir Vnncv. though so near to th German lines, was never desecrate* by the barbarians, although In higl places it was generally atmitted tha the capital of Loraine would be th first large city to fall. His victor of the Grand Couronne of Nancy i< September, 1914, was one of the mos ^ decisive episodes of the battle of th Marno, and JolTre sent him a telegrar of congratulations in the followin terms: "For more than a month the arm ^ under your command has been flghtin nearly every day, and is revealing re mnrkable qualities of endurance, ten aclty, and bravery. However difflcul the circumstances to be overcome, yo have succeeded in keeping hold of th heights of the Grand Courronne, in re pulsing the furious attacks launche against you and In preventing the en emy from penetrating into Nancy, wish to express my sympathy to yo and I beg that you will convey it t the troops placed under your com mand." ML After the victory of the Marne, Gen ^ eral deCastelnau was placed at th head of the army of the Somme. Late he brilliantly directed the operation In Champagne in September and Oct ober, 1915, and in a few days succeed ed in capturing 25,000 prisoners and 125 cannons, arid in gaining territory amounting to several kilometers in depth, thus obliging the Germans tc I" recall seven divisions from the eastern theatre of the war, and to relax their pressure on the retreating Russian army. In December of the same g year, General de Castelnau was ap- I pointed chief of the general staff, and he played a famous part in the des fense of Verdun. The situation having suddenly become particularly serious, he motored 11 over to the besieged city at dawn, and, I < after hdving deliberated with the chiefs in command, he took certain decisv ions which enabled General Petain, to 1 whom he intrusted the command of the i Verdun troops, to reestablish a line I 3 resistance on the right bank of the 1 Meuse. % i e General de Castelnau has 12 chil-- i 3 dren; six of his sons were moboliz^d i when war broke out and three have < 1 fallen in the service of their country, i 8 whilst a fourth was made prisoner. 1 Duty seems to be the keynote of the 1 3 de Castelnau family, that and the love ] 3 of France. 1 3 It is astonishing that with chiefs " like General de Castelnau, France j 3 should have been victorious, after the ] f mut cruel vicissitudes? Such chiefs! ( Such men! And the poilus of the < 3 general, or as they call him proudly, i f "le Couronne de Nancy" will rejoice ] 3 if the French government, as it Is i whispered, decides to make their be3 loved leader marshal of France! No ) ' one beter than they has been able to ' 3 appreciate that clear-sightedness, that ] 1 rapidity of judgment vigorous meth- i 1 od of work which characterizes ] " General Curieres de Castelnau, whose 1 1 conviction, kindness, and clear-sight- \ " edness, combined with a deeply human , sensibility, are the very secret of his < " authority. If he knows how to com- ( 1 mand, he knows always to obey, and " he voluntarily subordinates all his i acts, all his thoughts, to the sole aim ' of serving his country. j ' 1 1 3 CAMOUFLAGED BEVERAGES. t A Bill Which Seeks to Put a Stop to i Prohibition Evasions. 1 A measure looking to prohibition of " the sale of extracts, bitters and com' pounds used as beverages in substitur tion for liquor was introduced in the } house of representatives yesterday, the " authors being Hart of York, Hamblin, r of Union and Hamilton of Chester. 1 The bill provides a penalty of not less than $100 nor more than $500 ' or imprisonment for not less than three 1 months nor more than one year for the first offense. The second offense would not be punishable with the alternative fine, but would impose a jail entence of not less than one year nor more than two years for each viola1 tion. t 1 Such a measure has the earnest ad- j vocacy of Governor Cooper and from all sections of the state have come re- , quests to legislators for some relief t " .11 11 us direction, i ne um ivuuws. Section 1. Hereafter it shall be un- ? | lawful and against the health and good t norals of the state to sell or offer for f sale any extracts, tonics, bitters, drugs, ( nedicines or compounds containing j iny narcotic of more than 1 per cent j 1 of alchohol, which may be used as a t ' beverage, and such sale is hereby pro- ( libited, unless the seller thereof can j .nake it appear that the same was sold j upon prescription of a reputab'e physician in actual bona fide attendance j jpon the person for whom the same > was purchased, and setting out the ] nature of the disease for which the , .ame it to be administered, or in the j noo tVio enmo la to ho used in cookine , or other arts upon the written order >f the housewife or person so using the same, setting out the. purpose for ' which it is to be used. Sec. 2. All persons, firms or corporations selling or offering for sale any such extracts, drugs, bitters, tonics, medicines or compounds shall keep a F "iook showing each certificate or order therefor received and each sale there' of made, giving the date thereof, together with each prcscript'on or order 1 therefor, always for inspection by any officer or officers charged with enforcing the law, and produce the same before any court upon demand thereE from as evidence or otherwise and to 1 file monthly a sworn verified copy of the entries in such book in the office of the clerk of the court in the county. Sec. 3. Any person, nrm or corporation selling an/ such extract, tonics. , bitters, drugs, medicines or compounds , contrary to the provisions of this act, , or who shall make any false state- 1 1 ment of entry in any book herein required to be kept or fails to file a , e copy thereof as herein required, or any physician or other person who shall , ' make any false statement or any prescription or order, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction ' thereof shall pay a fine of not less I than $100 nor more than $500. or suffer imprisonment for not less than three months nor more than one year in the discretion of the court for the first of^ fense, and for any subsequent offens" shall suffer imprisonment for not less than one year nor more than two years in the discretion of any court. ' Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful foran\ ' one to buy more than one original wkn^e or less of any such extract, tonic, bitters, drugs, medicines or compounds during and within the same <iaw r\f <>4 hours. or to buy or offer to n buy within like times from the same person more than once. c n Would Cut Acreage. B. Harris, commissioner of agriculture, commerce y and industries, has addressed letters p to the commissioners of agriculture of all the cotton growing states, urging that they call on all states bankers' lt associations to join the organizations of farmers in the campaign to cut cot ton acreage for the 1919 crop. The general suggestion is that bank^ crs withhold loans from farmers to pitch the next crop, unless there is a reduction of 30 per cent in thoacre1 age. u J. Skottowe Wannamaker, president o of the South Carolina Bankers' association, is calling this tothe attention of South Carolina bankers. Mr. Harris is of the opinion that - bankers have the key to the whole slte uatlon, and the campaign Is designed to create a psychology throughout the r cotton belt to discourage increased s production in 1919, which is of as . much a problem just now as the effort to procure better prices for the unsold 1918 crop. Columbia State. HERITAGE OF THE PEOPLE! America's Natural Besources Should Be Preserved to America GIFFORD PINCHOT ISSUtS WARNING Unless Americans Make a Fuss the United States Senate Is Liable to Give to a Few Individuals Property That Belong to the Whole People. Correspondence of The Yorkville Enquirer. The end of lighting in France opens many a question at home. During the war the hearts and minds of the men and women of America were overseas, but with the coming of victory we can turn again to home affairs. It is right and fitting, therefore, that the friertds of conservation should inquire once more as to the status of the conservation movement. It is particularly right and fitting at the moment when Theodore Roosevelt, the man to whom this movement was most indebted, has left us conservationists as heirs to the task which he began. The people of the United States own natural resources of enormous value lands that contain more than six hundred million barrels of oil, four hundred and fifty billion tons of coal, two million acres of phosphate lands, and more than fifty million undeveloped water horsepower. Legislation is now pending in Congress to trade or give all this away. tVhile public attention was absorbed by the war, measures to dispose of these resources quietly pass both the bouse and senate. As usual the house bills are mainly sound, the senate bills thoroughly bad. There is serious danger that the latter will be jammed through in the dying hours of the present session. The senate, on January 7, 1918, after very brief consideration, passed a bill i (S. 2812), dealing with the coal, oil, ?as, and phosphate resources now in public ownership. This measure, mas luerading as a leasing bill, would surrender, with the title, all control of ivaste, output, price, and labor conditions. It fosters speculation in coal, >11, gas, and phosphate, and gives no assurance df prompt development. Even the leasing provisions afford no protection to the public against extor:ion or monopoly. Still worse, it gives itle to fraudulent oil claimants, many >f whom have already had their claims lenled by the courts. Finally there is a joker which would overthrow the >resent lease law for coal lands in Aliska, for which we fought so long and, vould turn them over forever to private hands. A bill for the leasing of these same esources was passed by the house on May, 25, 1918. This measure (H. R. 1232) is much fairer to the public inerests than the indefensible companon bill passed by the senate. On December 14, W47,-- the vissed a bill (S. 1439) providing for he granting of franchises for water>ower on navigable streams. It is subitantially the notorious and disrepu- j able Shields bill of the previous conrress which was defeated by public s xi rru- AIA ?%/>+ on onciemnauun. 1 iic uuu?c uiu aw apirove it. but passed instead an ent'rey new bill, drawn by the admlnistra:ion and covering waterpower not only >n navigable streams, but also upon jublic lands and national forests, and nternational waterways. When this administration bill was irst introduced I endorsed it heartily. The house comm'ttee on water power ater wrote in a new clause, the most vital in the bl'l, which was very properly opposed by the president. Nevertheless, on September 5, 1918, the neasure passed the house with this clause included. The two sets of bills are now in conference. The senate measures both jn mineral and on waterpowrrs are ivorse than the notorious Ballinger Jills,?more hostile to the public interest and more helpful to* corporate monopolies. The house bills are ent're'y different and vastly better. As ,-ou know, a bill?reported from conference cannot be substantially amended in the house or senate, but must be accepted or rejected as it stands. The danger is that the bills reported I jy the conference, both on minerals | ind on waterpower, may be like the ' senate bill, and unlike those of the 1 house, and that in the confusion of the rlosing hours they may pass. The amn who. without regard to party, strive to defeat the passape of the senate measures, or any measures l!!:c them, will deserve well of their country. The vast natural resources which ?re still he'd by the people can be made to supply a sound and solid basis for reconstruction. Properly conserved and j administered, they mlpht almost wipe ent our pipantic debt. There is no good reason why they should go to make millionaires instead of helping our people to pay for the war. In the public interest I ask you to give these farts the widest publicity at your command. Sincerely yours, G'fford Pinehot. Philadelphia, January 30, i?i?. 1 NATIONAL DEBT SETTLEMENT. 3 ( America Now the Creditor Nation of ( the World. ] A most interesting situation pre- j vails concerning the position of the i 1'nited States in its relation to the j flnnnclnl affairs of the Allied nations. The position of the United States as j a creditor nation was brought about ! bv the exigencies of war. The Allies i were In urgent need of vast quantities i of products and supplies, which the United States was called upon to furnish. At the same t'me, the United i States has bought back about $3,000.- j 000 000 worth of securities formerly i owing to Europeans. Whi'e its ex- < ports has been greatly increased, its i imports have diminished. The United i States has lent to other nations approximately $10,000,000,000. The in- i terest payments will amount to about *500.000.000 annually, a sum approxi- i matcly equal to the average annual trade balance in favor of the United j States, before the war. There is no question as the financial < integrity of any of the debtor nations < or of their desire to satisfy their obligations There is. however, no little , conjecture as to the manner in which i the interest payments are to be made. ! There are three methods by whi4ft" 5 payments may be met. These metbif ods are payment in gold, in produ&fe, A or in securities. It is generally understood that the payment of the annual interest of $500,000,000 in gold is nof p feasible, because the total annual gold tl production of the world, exclusive of w the United States, is less than $400,- ^ 000,000. Even though is were posBible to make payments in gold it A would not be a good thing for the United States to accept such pay- u. I UJ ments, for the reason that it would I advance the prices of all commodities | ^ In this country, greatly increasing the cost of living. Incidentally it would be the means of checking exports, for the reason that, with higher costa of production, it would be Impossible for goods produced in the United States to compete successfully with those of ce other nations in the markets of the tQ world. About one-third of the world's d monetary gold is already held by the United States. Nor is it considered wise for the er United States to accept payment in m goods, even if this were practicable. Jo The nations of Europe will be busily w engaged in work of reconstruction for A, some time to come. While they will naturally make a great effort to fncrease their external trade, it seems Improbable that their shipment , of &(, goods to the United States will be of sufficient volume even to offset the rapidly increasing exports of the United States, particularly in view of the fact that the productive capacity of its iniustries have been greatly augmented m luring the last four years. dl It seems to be a general opinion gT imong bankers that the most practi- m cal way in which the interest pay- cr ments of other nations to the United States may be met is for the United m States to purchase the obligations of .^ /lAVvlnr notinno Tt \tl hAllAVAf! thflt ihe welfare of other nations as rwell as ca that of the United States, would be gt, iest served by the further extension wj if credit by the United States to the lebtor nations In the shape of long:erm loans. The export trade of the 0f [Tnited States can apparently grow in w] 10 other way. It is thus seen that the rrcater the service which the United States can render the rest of the pr ivorld, the larger will be its own share te if prosperity. The war has put the A] [Jnited States in a position to furnish ^ capital and products to other nations, ind still it has been an ample amount st if both for Its own Industries, which ^ various nations are yet in great need &l] >f capital and supplies. The Un'ted A States Vcannot well prosper while its nc icighbore are in need. It is not an act ,ia if philanthropy alone which should pa mpel the United States to extend the ielplng hand, but it is daily becoming t(?] nore evident, to thoughtful people ro hat the more quickly the war-rlddeff t] lations of Europe are helped to th$tr4 , !eet the better it will be for the en- ^ ire world Christian Science Moek .osu--;* - " i . <0! SALARY OF SUPERINTENDENTS bli th swearingen Has Bill to Base Pay on mj Enrollment. re If a bill which John E. Swearin- ' 1 jen, state superintendent of education, n< las drawn up, is approved by the leg- a1 - .. x th slature, tne salary 01 tne county aup;rintendent of education will hereafter ' r )e on a closer parity with the import- na mce of the position. The bill provides that the salary of (n| he county supernitcndent of education 'n ihall be paid one-half from county 1711 'ands and one-half from an appropria:ion of {50,000 which is being asked 1 'or. The salary of the office in various no . ounties will vary according to school a snrollment. 0 The bill, in full, is as follows: 'h "A bill to fix the salary of the county luperintendent of education in the sevjral counties of this state and to make n0 in appropriation therefor. "Whereas, the progress and efflsncy of the public schools in any coun- q? :y depend in a large measure upon the personality, leadership and professionil spirit of the county superintendent pf education. sti "Whereas, further, the resident free- s0 lolders ana quannea voters 01 nine- te :enths of the school districts of the an state have voted local taxes for the pa mpport and development of their pub- m) ic schools. ru "Whereas, further, the general as- de sembly now annually appropriates th arge sums for public education, and, 0f "Whereas, all receipts and expendi :ures are vitally connected with the or- jn janlzation and class room instruction wj )f the district school and of the county Bh school system, now therefore, du "Be It enacted, by the general assemsly of the state of South Carolina: kn "Section 1. The salary of the county Co superintendent of each of the several do :ountles of this state Is fixed as fol- pa ows: to "Abbeville, $2,400; Aiken, $2,700; to \nderson, $3,000; Bamberg, $1,800; c0 Barnwell, $2,400; Beaufort, $1,800; ne Berkeley, $1,500; Calhoun, $1,800; dli ^harelston, $3,000; Cherokee, $2,100; Chester, $2,400; Chesterfield, $2,400; 0g Clarendon, $2,400; Colleton, $2,100; of Darlington, $2,400; Dillon, $2,100; th Dorchester, $1,800; Edgefield, $1,800; Fairfield, $1,800; Florence, $3,000; bo 3eorgetown, $1,800; Greenville, $3,000; er 3reenwood, $2,400; Hampton, $2,100; co Horry, $2,100; Jasper, $1,500; Ker- cl< shaw, $2,100; Lancaster, $2,100; Lau- ra rens, $2,700; Lee, $2,400; Lexington, Pr $2,400; McCormick, $1,500; Marion, be tO 4AA. to 1HA* Wnwhorrv. ru (2,700; Oconee, 12,400; Orangeburg, an (3,000; Pickens, (2,400; Richland, (3,-isa D00; Saluda, (2,100; Spartanburg, (3,-|y< 300; Sumter, (2,400; Union, (2,700; ka Williamsburg, (2,400; York, (3,000- j pa One-half of the salary in each coun-' ty shall be paid from ordinary county pC funds and one-half shall be paid from >:< the appropriation herein after provid- ch ed. In no county shall the salary of er the county superintendent exceed the Ca amount herein fixed, nor shall the sum ar to be paid by the state exceed the sum i to be Daid bv the county. ! of "Sec. 2. To carry out the provisions pa of Section 1, the sum of $50,000 is Ni hereby appropriated, if so much be in necessary. All payments shall be made ' monthly by the state superintendent wi if education upon duly Itemized vouch- th ers, filed with the comptroller general, ar "Sec. 3. This act shall take effect nc July 1, 1919, Any and all acts or phrts se of acts Inconsistent with this act are m hereby repealed." JLANDER AGAINST AMERICANS. sociated Press Finds Exaggeration in Stories From Paris. Paris, Jan. 30. By the Associated ress That Apaches of all natlonalles dressed In American uniforms ere mainly responsible for the acts of olence which have caused broadcast ublicity to be given to an alleged mr~ican crime wave In Paris was jown by an Investigation conducted / the Associated Pi ess today. It was further ascertained that as LUlts ana noiaups are mnnuesimai i compared with the published flgres, exclusively in the vivid imaginaon of sensational local newspapers. An opportunity was presented to srify at police headquarters the flg es respecting crimes during last Desmber: Thirty-four murders charged ( Americans is discredited and ( vindled to two; 244 holdups and as- , .ults were reduced 80 per cent. There have been' numerous fistic icountcrs, however, but they were ostly between Americans, old fash- . ned rough and tumble brawls, in , hich arrests are rarely made in 1 merican cities where for the most irt the pugnacious individuals would s merely requested by the police to go >me, or a humorous policeman would j lvise them: "If you want to fight go to Europe." ( Brig. Qen. Wm. W. Harts of* the nited States army, in a statement j ven out today says: "The reports concerning the large imber of murders by American sol- ^ ers in Paris are untrue. They are , eatly exaggerated. The number of ilitary police in Paris has been in- ( eased merely because of the greater ( ,n coldlers are maintaining their high , imber of soldiers passing through e city, not because of unusual dlsder. The report shows the Amerin soldiers are maintaining their high I andard of discipline in every detail, herever they may be-" The Paris chief of police, M Mouton, j id he was greatly/pleased at thecoleration of the American detectives ho have recently arrived. We have established a liason bereen the officers of the American ovost marshal and police hcadquarrs" he added. "The French and merican police are working in harony." Chief Mouton refused to make a atement on the extent of the crime, it said that outside of some thefts of itomobilos, to the prejudice of the nerican army, American soldiers did it deserve the hard reputation which .d gonrf abroad through various rcrts. A high official at police headquarrs referring to the department's rerds previously mentioned and the reet brawls said: all of these may be charged to nericans a# ttiere have'*>e en* many -j ins has led to the Americans being imed for fights and holdups in which e Australlanj were engaged or comItted. There have been some ar Bts by the British military police of c istrallans, where at first Americans ;re thought to be guilty. There were 1 30 many men, who engaged labor at e various American departments, reuited from among workingmen of all HAnolltloo on/3 whn were discharged ter the armistice. They were wearg discarded American uniforms and several cases they "have been found lilty to holdups. "Also our own Apaches, strong in e belief of immunity through the pularity of the American un'form ,ve obtained by hook or crook some these uniforms and have gone about eir work in earnest. "Surely there are some real Amerl- * ins guilty but the percentage is -1 t nearly as great as that published." GERMANY AS IT WAS < imprehensive Explanation of the . Map by a High Authority. In a bulletin accompanied by a -iking map, the National Geographic ciety from ita Washington headquar- ( rs presents a graphic picture of the lazingly complicated geographic tterns of what constituted the Ger- j in empire prior to the general dls- c ptlon of its states following the final j finite acknowledgement of defeat by > a PmsHinn autocracy in the signing J the armistice on November 11th. The German empire resembled nothg so much as a political crazy quilt Ith patches of varying' sizes and apes belonging to kingdoms, grand chies, principalities, duchies, etc. "The average student of history lows that the German empire was mposed of twenty-flve separate klngms, grand duchies, duchies, princi.Htles, imperial lands and free wns", says the bulletin, "but in order fully appreciate the problem of renstitutlng the German nation, it is cessary to remember that these 25 stinct governments did not by any e eans represent only tweniy-nve nomeneous and contlnguous states. Many * the states are scattered throughout t e dominions in detached fragments, s "The kingdom of Prussia, which ? th in area and in population is larg- ^ than all the other twenty-four states r mbined, extends in a huge semi-cir- a i from the French border of Lor- ? ine on the southwest, to the Baltic r ovinces of Russia on the northeast, sides owning detached areas "pep- 1 ;red" over the other states. For an t idogy in America it would be neces- a ry to conceive of the state of New f jrk embracing Texas, Oklahoma, Ar- | insas, Missouri, Michigan, Illinois, c irts of Indiana and Ohio, Virginia, a i-yland, New Jersey, Delaware, a ^ ?rtion of Pennsylvania and all the aw England states. Then imagine e Empire state also owning and govnlng one or two counties in North irolina, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee id Wisconsin. "In the same way, the Grand Duchy Oldenburg is divided into three irts, as if Iowa, a dozen counties in aw Mexico, and half a dozen counties Michigan were under one governor. "Then there is Mecklenburg-Strelitz Ith three-fourths of its territory on e east side of Mecklenburg-Schwerin id the remaining fourth on the irthwest side, the two parts being parated by a distance of nearly 100 lies. ! "The Grand Duchy of Hesse is dlvld- j r ed Into two nearly equal parts by a narrow "Isthmus" of Prussian territory; Bavaria lies seven-eighths to the east of Hesse and Baden and oneeighth to the west; Wurttemberg Is a fairly homogeneous kingdom, surrounded by Baden and Bavaria, but in the south It Is pierced by a detached piece of Prussian land resembling a boomerang In shape. "In the heart of the empire (the empire that was) Is an amazing tangle of principalities known as the Thurln Ki*u vuiicii, ana nere, 100, rrussia possesses several large fragments of territory. "Without enumerating the inconsequential fragments of Prussian lands, dotted here and there in other states, Prussia Is divided into fourteen provinces?East Prussia, West Prussia, Berlin, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Posen, Silesia, Saxony (not the kingdom of Saxony), Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Westphalia, Hesse-N'assau, Rhine, (Rhelnprovinz) and Hohenzollern. "Fourteen of the twenty-five states of the empire have an area less than that of our smallest state, Rhode Island, yet none of them, not even the three Free City states of Bremen, Lubeck and Hamburg, is as small as the District of Columbia. "With the' exception of Prussia, which lacks 12,000 square miles of being as large (tfe Montana, and Bavaria, which Is about the size of South Carolina, none of the other German states is as large as Massachusetts. "With the exception of the three free cities, the state having the densest population is the kingdom of Saxony, with more than 829 persons to the jquare mille. For the entire empire the density of population is nearly ten times as great as that of the United 3tates." TO CUT ACREAGE. General Assembly Gives Advice to the Cotton Growers. The agriculture of the state is giving concern to the law making bodies. Phe general assembly of South Carohi has adopted the followlg rcsolu:?ons which carry out the policy of B. ilarris, state commissioner, to .hold :otton and cut acreage. The following -csolution has been adopted In both louses of the general assembly: "Be It resolved, by the house of representatives, the senate concurring: "That we view with deep concern he serious plight of our agriculture ndustrles on account of the combined fforts of skillful manipulators to lowsr the price of cotton to a point where ts production would be at considerible financial loss if sold at the figures vhich appear to be aimed at by the ion-producing, non-resident specula:ors. unat we realize that the e itlre fu:ure prosperity, development and happin^sa ot opj d e cotlucera lose In this flght of the producer igalnst the non-producer. "That we approve the well consider>d and valiant efforts being made by >ur producers to hold from the market ivery bale of cotton and that we appreciate the spirit and act of coopcraion from our banks and business men. "That we advise the farmers to use he cotton warehouse to the very limt of their capacity, thus getting the naximum of credit with which to ccep on holding their 1918 crop and to ret the means with which to finance >pcrations for 1919. "That we invite suggestions from isso,. iations of farmers as to remedial egislation needed, and that we offer o them in this struggle for the rights md liberties of the southern farmer, vhatever of support and relief this reneral assembly can afford in its constitutional authority. "That we urge the farmers of this itate in cooperation with those of >ther states, to reduce the acreage riven to cotton in 1919 and to reduce o the lowest minimum the amount >f commercial fertilizer to be used." LOSSES IN FRANCE. Official Estimates Leave 10,000 Men Unaccounted For. Official tables of the major battle :asualties of the American forces in France, made public by Gen. March, :hief of staff, last Saturday, show that LnDroximately 10.000 men remain vholly unaccounted for nearly three nonths after the ending of hostilities. The deaths, missing and known prisrners are tabulaed up to January 10, 'or each of the thirty combatant divisions of Gen. Pershing's army. The otal is 56,692, of whom 17,434 are ilassified as missing or captured. An ippended statement shows that only 19 American military prisoners were >elleved to be still in Germany on Tanuary 8, and that 4,800 prisoners tad been checked up as returned and 18 died in captivity. Some portion of the great body of nissing men may be located as the reurn of the army thins out the Amerian forces in France. Indications are, towever, that the majority of the 10,tOO finally will be added to the roll of lonor shown in the tables of those tilled or died of wounds, now recordid as 39,158 men. To that figure also must be added ,561 men of the Marine brigade, figires for which, not carried in the ta?les, were obtained from official ources. This brings the grand aggregate of deaths from battle up to 40,09 on returns estimated officially to >e 95 per cent complete. As figures on nissing and prisoners of the marines ire lacking, the number of unaccountid for which finally will be added to he roll of the dead can not be accuately estimated. The army table, however, gives a toal of 14,649 men missing in action ind 2,785 known prisoners, making up he 17.434 missing or captured. The ippended statement shows that the' irmy roils record 4,918 American miltary prisoners accounted for. Adnittedly there are many possibilities >f error, but the statement says it is inticipated that the indicated unac ounted for list of 12,516 will be irought "down to less than 10,000." The tables do not furnish any data as o the wounded or deaths other than hose resulting directly from battle. A ?ew estimate of the complete figures ?n American casualties therefore Is lot possible. It is s gnificant, how *v?* ?? 4a Co + i, q vr n i P"H t tllA W3 t IVCI , lilai U IV CUVUIUUJ o lepartment has publ shed the names >f 43,882 men killed or died of wounds is against 39,158 shown in the 96 per :ent tables. The difference is made up >y additional returns since the tables vere closed January 10. On November 27 General Pershing estimated that his total killed and died >f wounds would be 40,455. Presumibly publication of the l'sts of these cnown deaths and exclusive of the uniccounted for Is nearly completed, laving exceeded the estimate by more han 3,000, due in part to additional leaths from wounds and to the listing' is dead of men formerly reported as] niacins. MUDBOUND IN FRANCE Motor Truck Soldier Has Lots ot Bart Weather t # J CHRISTMAS-NEW YEAR CELEBRATIONS j Alcoholic Liquora Are Plentiful and i Cheap Signs of War Have Been Removed from the Tout Front Can- ? aorship of Letters. < La P&lllce, France, January 11. i' When you hear people aay that Ameri- 1 I can soldiers don't drink any liquor in I France, you tell them "rats," or some' thing else like that to which you usually give expression when you are disgusted. * I j Liquor is about the only thing ' around here that is cheap, and that Is j high according to before the war prices, they tell me. Tou can buy cognac brandy for five francs, or one dollar a bottle. I do not know much about alcoholic liquors- I do not pretend to say that I have never drank any whisky or anything of that kind. I have, and I am not especially ashamed of the fact. From one standpoint I ought to be ashamed; but from another I ought not Most boys of my past environments and that means most boys have had their chance at liquor and but few of them have ever been known to let it alone until after they had learned, no matter what father and mother had to say. But I thank God that I am not one of the kind that t has ever liked the stuff. I never did like it, and I don't believe I could t learn to like it; but I am not going to j try. a But It was about liquor drinking that { I started to tell you. Tou can buy cog- ( nac at a dollar a quart. Cognac, I had t always heard of as an extra fine j French brandy that sold for eight and j ten dollars a gallon, when ordinary ^ or fair rye whisky sold at three to five t dollars. The boys used to speak of r cognac as something especially grand. To tell you the truth, while I may j have been Impressed with such notions t when the stuff was so far away, I have a not had that kind of idea since I have 8 been here. I am more inclined to T think of it as paw-paw, Jamaica ginger, lemon extract and alcohol. It is 8 the commonest jag to be had, and those 8 soldiers who are cursed with athlrst, 8 get enough of It to make them just as stupid, silly and disgusting as they $ could be from drinking any of the other decoctions. 0 Christmas here was like Sunday. t The natives know nothing of Christmas t and I And that American soldiers a drawn from all quarters know but lit- ? tie more of the way we look on Christ- t mas In South Carolina. It was like 0 Sunday In that it was dull; but it was H .notlike Sunday ought, to be. In one t ThMfaisr the American boys from ev- d erywhere seemed to have the same c idea of Christmas that so many of our e own people have, the idea of a time to r get drunk. More boys got drunk on t Christmas than at other times, and a drunkenness was the principal feature r of the day, except we all had an extra { good dinner. All the boys did not get t drunk, not by a great deal. There t wero lota of then?, who did not even c drink anything. But when ten per cent of a crowd Is drunk it looks like B all are dr.unk. v I have not been ii a battle, nor near enough to a battle, as battles went over here, to be in serious danger. But I (] shall alwavs remember Januarv 1. 1819 . as the day of my greatest battle In a France. If people from all parts of e the country do not have a common d idea of Christmas the same Is not to be said about N'ew Tear's day. That a was a day of celebrating. Every stumer in the harbor began blowing c its whistle shortly before midnight and t they kept It up for more than an hour. ^ There was no sleeping about the camp. Every soldier got out his Enfield and ? such another cracking of rifles I never t heard before. There was also bursting y of hand grenades and other things that ^ would make a noise. I took some part of course; but when I finally retired to my bunk I did not feel safe. Those g Enfield rifles have great power, and the c singing of the bullets is no more pleas- d ant than the buzz cf a hornet. I prefer hornets, in fact. I was in constant . apprehension that a stray bullet might be coming after me in my shack, and somehow I was not especially relishing the idea of going west on January ^ 1, 1919. Not that I find things so very pleasant over here, for I don't; but I gi have learned to appreciate the home ^ that I had before I had to go into this n mess- , I wrote in a previous letter iabout the miserable weather here. Only ^ two of the last forty days have been clear. The more it rains the deeper ^ the mud gets and the more difficult t; it is to get around. It is not unusual t] to wade in mud and slush up to our a knees, but because of our good hip t] boots we do not suffer any special in- a convenience. Do not understand, how- g ever, that I consider it pleasant. d There is a bunch of engineers in our n camp, recently back from the Toul d section, where they have been for near- , ly a year. They tell some wonderful b stories, some of which have more or h less truth in them and some of which are manufactured out of the whole o cloth. Of course you have to use your Judgment as to what you believe, and ^ what you don't believe. I shall not try to repeat any of their stories now. The most important information they , bring is that the old front where there has been so much terrible fighting, has ^ been cleared of wire entanglements and other rubbish. n I have been hoping to be assigned.to a convoy over in the direction of Metz and Luxemburg. If I am going to stay here any length of time. I would p like to get a look over thit part of the ^ country. But since I was knocked out ' by the flu it seems that I am no longer In line for convoy work. They are using me rather to help with the re- r pairing of the cars that need repairs. a O# Knuron wnu Irnnor that nil mV Int. ' ters are censored. I will not make any 0 pretense of betng able to write some- n thing interesting If it were not for that ' fact There Is no reason to think that t the censor would cut out anything that I might write. But I cannot get used to this thing of anybody having a sayso as to what I shall say or not say, I except the editor of the paper for,4 which I am writing. Just why this la, I do not know; but I suppose It Is In the blood. My teaching has always . been that a newspaper, to be a newsper, bust be responsible to nobody but its subscribers, and If you have to submit to anybody else's say-so aa to what rou shall say to your subscribers or aot say, then It Is better not to write Lt all. Under these conditions, I feel is if I would rather not write at all, ind I am writing now only because the jdltor of The Enquirer, who has prior :laim on all that part of me which toe* not belonr to Uncle Sam's army. 1 thinks that an occasional 1 attar might be of interest to the readers of the paper, censorship or no censorship. Lewis M. Grist , m , BRITISH AIR WORK. . Some Wonderful Feats That Have Been Aoeomplished. The following narratives, writes a London correspondent of the Christian Science Monitor, are typical of the ially incidents which made up an ordinary day's work of a pilot In the Royal Air Force during the war. A British two-seater carried out a nost successful solo raid on Freocaty lerodrome the other day, In spite of uctremely bad weather conditions. Heavy clouds hung low, and at no place was It feasible to ascend above 1,200 feet The lines were crossed at >nly 800 feet and in some places the pilot had to descend to 496 feet over lostlle country, in order to pick up andmarks. At certain places the :louds,were no more than 60 feet from he tree-tops. On reaching the German aerodrome, he British machine descended to 40 % eet and, selecting a large Zeppelin ihed prepared to drop his bombs. Near he shed stood a group of 20 or 20 Herman mechanics, evidently under he Impression that the weather was ar too bad for an English raider, and >erfectly satisfied that, the machine hat loomed above them through the nist was a German plane seeking some leighboring drome. The first bomb, which made a direct 1 lit linon fh? nhftd. nhoWAd their mis ake, and scattered the survivors. The econd bomb hit another hangar, detroying both it and the machines elthln. On the way home the pilot and ob- . erver interrupted their Journey to catter with their machine guns a ' j rroup of men and transport busy [rawing ammunition from a local lump. An English scout pilot was flying ver a partially ruined village behind he German lines, when he noticed hat the main street was occupied by , long column of German artillery. >iving down to 20 feet he shot down he leading gun team. The remainder >f the column broke Into a gallop and attempted to pass around the block, igaln the'English pilot dived and shot [own the following limber team, thus ompletely blocking the road. Having , < xh&usted his ammunition upon the isxt following end the rear teams of be column, the pilot flew swiftly back nd informed the nearest British long ange battery of the target Within a ew minutes the guns ware turned on he village, and the artillery completed he work the flying man had so suc-J essfully Initiated. On the same day another British cout pilot put in some very successful irork during the course of a single ight He began, aa he crossed the Inc8> bringing down a German balloon a flames Plying on, he noticed four ouble gun limbers, drawn by mules, nd on the march. He dived and open* d fire. The first two limbers fell In a Itch and the teams of the other two tampeded wildly. His next target was body of Oermaa infantry SOO trong. He expended ICO rounds on hem, causing score* of casualties, and he utter rout of the survivors. Still, he enthusiastic pilot was not satisfied, nd a battery of six Gertnan howltsers rhich he spotted was the next target o suffer from his seal. The teams rere scattered, the shelters well pep* >ered, and the guns silenced. His next exploit was to attack the omplete batteries of German field una. Here again he caused numerous asualtles, using upon the crews and Irlvers his last remaining rounds of mmunltion before returning to his Irome. ^ A British pilot had been engaged rlth a German L. V. G. machine, and fter a stiff fight, succeeded In destroy* tig the enemy machine. But during he encounter the British machine had uffered some damage and the pilot was orced to descend to behind the eneny's lines. Luckily, before being ob* erved, he was able temporarily to. reair his machine, and take off again. lS soon as he had climbed a few thouand feet he noticed a German D. F. V. engaged with a British S. E. 5. As here were other German machines in he vicinity which might intervene at y moment, the English pilot, despite he damaged condition of his machine, t once went to the assistance of the . E. 5 and helped Its pilot to shoot own in flames the D. F. W. before laking off for repairs to his own rome. The pilot of the German ma hlne leaped from his burning machine ut his parachute caught fire, so that is chance of escape was lost A British two-seater machine whilst n artillery patrol was attacked by a irmation of eight Fokkers, Luckily 3r the English flying officers, the Oerlans did not attack simultaneously, ut dived one at a time upon the Britih machine. As each Fokker dived ast, the English observer replied to s Are, but naturally, having to antlciate the attack of the next following lachine, he could not devote much ttention to each. When each member of the German atrol had dived, they climbed again to epeat the performance- This time the ;ader was rather more separated from tie next German machine, and the English observer had time for a longer eply. His fire took excellent effect, nd the German machine spun downrards and crashed. The loss of this ne machine so dlscomfltted the relaining Fokkers that, though they rere still seven to one, they broke off Ka e<rVit and allnwerl th? Rrttiah nf. cers tor finish their Job unmolested. tr "Clothes do not make the m&n, you mow." "Maybe not, but I've seen the nlform of a soldier work wonders with n erstwhile 'lounge lisard.'"