Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, February 15, 1918, Image 1
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L. tf ORIST'S 80SS. Publisher* % >J;amilp |)etrspapcr: jc'or the promotion of the politico!, Social, Sgrieultural and (Commercial interests of the {icoplt. !TER"tw^e?n\*?v ct?iR?NCE'
K8TABMHHEU l?M YORK, 9. C.. FRIDAY. fEBHUARY 15. 1918. ~~ NO. 14
CONTROL OF Tl
SOME INS AND OUTS 01
Tin- Main Point at Issue, it
Service; lint the Preser
Loot, to t he I liirh Poller
Cultivate that Field.
"Tin- r.-tilioiii] K.'irii? is ttusv : n> 1 I>
ui On- I'mtoi Sl.ilis must K?tin
giiiinl. Tin- si h'-im is to r?-|;:tiii
|in\;it< <'0111101 ol tin- r:iil?o;ii|H :t11? ?* '
On- u.ii On t)i<- |.|<:i Ui.it til)' t.'ikintc '
o\i'i ot Oi<- loiols is onlv ;i wsir iiiois- !
ii? tin- rf.'ihi; ilo< sli'l Willi! to t:ik< jiiij
iiiinis's with i oiibi'i'ms in th?? iii?tt?-r 1
I.Ill t|H|HS lO UI'I'JISI' Ol<' U il > SO lilill 1
Mh-\ iii.-iv slide l.iirK :iimun.u - .
to i>i ivate control without any |i>j;i.sla- 11
Hon. I*
"This must not ho permitted. The!
ov> i nun nt must not return t li?- rail-!*'
io:uls to private rolitiol. it her at the I '
los' ot thf wai 01 at any other time.!'
< in tin- nt her hand, no one who has I'
iinlhil tie- |uoh|ein i|ei-|i|\ wants I'
*:;ovi i nnn nt ownership,' in the sense | that
govt i mm lit owiierstli|> is under-I '
stood lodnV. I *l||.lie OW Ile|'slli|l, Ves:|
hut the lailioails have alwavs heen I '
|*llhl |e| V OWI|e<|. We ha Ve h.'nl pllhlie I '
ovvnciship nailer ttie control ot tlnan-| '
lal filiates. (ioVi-l II111 ill t ownership. |1
as it is usiiall.v unih'rstooil. would I *
:I (Iloi1111 to linhod V-ow lici ship iliulci I lie I *
i outiol ot fiolitieal huzza ids."
Is this haul to illlilel standWell. I '
N athan I.. Xuistei is a little hard to I *
uinleistand at Ursl. Hut \ou will nil I'
d? island Iiiiii that's the kind of niaiil'
le is. Ilis inineifial oeeiifiation fori'
se\eial viiirs haek lias eonsisti'd oil1
mat my himseli understood, lie is a I v
i.nlio.nl investor. Not a magnate. Not I '
one ol the hlU adventurers of the Could I
and Mill class, hut a man with a few I *
IiiiiiiIioils ot thousands that lie didn't I I
want to gamble with. He wanted toll
invest it in something sale. You know I >
I tie Ivpo; just tile killd Ol cuttle-on ill I
the railio.nl liehl that the hii; insiders M
i;o gumming lot . I'
(tiily. Nathan I.. Amstcr didn't cornel i
on iiiit according to scliedule. When I I
I In* v trained their guns on liim. In-1 t
dodt;ei|. lie dodged illto little colli ts. I
Where tile llllllte|4S felt Sltre they COIlhl I '
smoke him out in a week or two They I t
had alwavs heen aide to do it withll
others ot the sfieeics. hut they had tlov-I t
ei tackled unite such a ttervv 1 It11** I *
scooter helore. lie scooted H'Otlt court I i
to court. lie scooted behind illjUIIC-l
lions and mandamuses and interplead-11
ings and writs of this and that, and i i
linallv he scooted into the interstate!'
commerce commission. One (night I;
i... ,,oted riirlit into! <
moriiuiK* in
;i tlirrrtorsliip (if th?* Chicago. Hock I ?
lYMfln nlKfyni nii'l tr J f
ikiiiiii'imI thai lie was there to light. In
Newspaper mailers are <|Uite well ae- I u
inaiiitei. now with I In* light lie niaile. I I*
lie lovgllt tile dileetors single handed: I"
' ,.<i when that wouldn't do. he went Is
hnek and had two direetois eleeted ill- I v
sti.ad ot one. Igist year hi' eailie mil
with lour direetors. representing tliell
Aiusli i understanding. and with a loud 11
uiinoiitv voire lie won almost all tlielf
points lie was fighting for. l-'or onoli
tiling, he eompelled the direetors tol'l
dei laie a dividend after they had said I 0
I lev eoiihln't: also lie proved that tliell
I Jock Island was a prolitalile property I il
attei lluv had lahelled it not hilly: hut I h
two streaks ot rust and all the otherl Ii
thorns that go to describe a railroad iti I |
|||i pi lit ess ot lie i in: sent I led. Ill
I tut it isn't tin history of the lioekla
Island light wliirli I set out to tell, .lust I i
now Nathan I.. A Ulster has set himself I (i
to the biggest task of Ids life. It isI
to put a stop forever to the sport of la
Ainei tea's linatieial kings usitin thelc
great puhlie serviee properties of their
eountrv not as a means of earning le- I Ii
gitiniate profits hut as traps lot* the in- 11
vesting piildie. In
"These tinaiH'iers." he says, "are not I Ii
the men who own the railroads. The I |i
railroads have always heen owned h> I r
tin- pulilie- l>\ ttie investing puhlie. I i
'i'lii* millions ot stockholders have liei-n I i
vitally interested tit all times in tllel
sueeess m the roads as paying prop |i
ertles. I tut tliey have never heen or |r
ganixed. They have entrusted tliej'l
management of the roads not to peo-I ;i
pie wlui represent them tun to sii|i|his-I ji
ed supermen in the tl nam* la I world II
whose interest It has heen to wreck It
tin* properties instead. It
"A few years ago. for instance. Itockli
Island was selling at $l'i>0 ii share. All'
few months ago It was selling at 11
Had the property deterioratedNo; I y
according to tin* Interstate commerce! 1
commission, it was doing a bigger Is:
business mid milking greater earnings I;
than ever before. Hut for fifteen years|i
the gang ??i tlnanclers In charge had I?
not maiiiiged it. They had milked it.l.s
They hiid run It not to make dividends K
on the money Invested hut to draw otfl)
the earnings as fast as they accrued 11
into their own palls, incidentally tnak-1 *i
IDK lilt' IUIH|H|||< ! <>, ..
|mi|N iis will. t
"Tins.- twills were called 'holding *
cnmimnles.' Tin* general public doesn't t
Know wlini :i holding company If- t'all i
li a pml and It niny get across more |
liilekly. Ii is something which a tin- -.
mi* i? i holds wlu-ii he uses a railroad ^
for ii cow. I
"There wen- two of those companies,
on** In Iowa and on*' In Now J?-rsoy. i
Tin' Ilock Island was capitalized it *
$?5.tfoo.tioo. The holding oomfianios t
wor*' capitalized at $350,000,000. Thoy <
Isstird tholr stook as fully paid, loit i
actually no payment was made on eith- i
?-r. Tln-n ii|?*>n motion of If. H?>ld. i
th?- entire stock Issiio of th?' N?'w J?-r- l
soy ? onipan\ an?l tlio ontlro hond tssno ..
* 1 tin- Iowa company woro placed with i
tin- tYntral Trust company of Now <
York, undor an agreement that th?>y j
wciv to l?o exchanged for railway com- ,
pan* holdings on the hasls of $.70 In J
lla- holding companies' stocks an*l <
honds to. $ln*? of railway stock. I
"I'lidor this agreement. If. tl. Held. |
\V. It. I.*-*-*ls, J. II. Moor*' and \Y. H. i
.Moore dis|H>sod of ahout $-0,000,000 of ;
railway stock for which thoy received
over $55,000,000 In th?- other so*-uritios. i
Th*> only rovonuo of the holding com- i
panics' stock canro from the *iivl*lon*ls \
of the railway company, and the stook- t
holders stampeded, as expected, to ex- I
change their securities. All l?ui $4.- I
000.000 of the original Uock Island i
stock was thus exchanged. I
HE RAILROADS
DISHONEST FINANCE
Seems, is Not Legitimate
ration of a Fertile Field of
s Who Know How Best to
"Saw. uruli-r tin titjiiirnint. th?- railwa>
stork was to In* la-Id I?> th?- trust
ioin|um> as si-rurity for th?- Iowa
mil patty's liotids. If tht* int?-ri-st on
lli<- I'Otids rould not In- |>aid. tin- railwax
stork would In- sold: and four
men who had held only iiliout a fourth
<i the railway stork had wormed
h?-ms?-|vrs into a position whore they
ould make tin- road pay or not pay,
is it suited their interests hrst.
"Thi- road paid. That is. it paid
mta-hodHow much it paid these
?ui- men, tho interstate commerce
-oiniiiission was unahle to toll. When
ho series ol d? als which resulted in re-eiv.-rsliip
was finally investigated.
VI r. IP-id testified that he always l.urn
I his hooks at the end of each month.
**ltut the road didn't pay the stockadders.
Note this letter from a
ouuhkecpsie gnl. Shi- was working
0 h< Ip siip[M?rt her father, who was
|earl\ Mill.I. Her father had invested
. lew hundred dollars in Itock Island,
vhi.-h had lie.-u drawing In per cent
livid, mis. When the dividends stop
ie.l. I.e. a use of liiiancial dilli.-ill ties
\hi.-l. I lie girl didn't understand, she
oiildn't hear to lell hei helpless I'alh
r. She paid the dividends out ol li.-r
>wii earnings. She kept up this deceit
is long as she could, year after year.
\hih- Mr. IP-id and others were hurling
their hooks.
"t?r this from Concord, X. II.: 'I am
1 widow, and the loss of $ssi? which I
siid for my liond means a good deal to
no, iis l ii 111 loo old 10 earn n jiving
low."
"Whs wnsn'l tin* interest being imid?
iViis ii because uimi's wen* higher
mt\ year mill because the roncl coilld
mt raise its rates to meet them? It is
hi more to the point to lead the hisor>
of the Frisco deal, a precious hit
it 'linnmini;.' by which the Itovk Isand
had $iSti.iH)U.OliO drawn out ol its
reasury to meet an obligation of the
own holding enni|iany, an obligation
or which the railway eompaiiy was in
10 wise responsible and from which
I received no benefit.
"When tin- small investors in I'oughceepsie
and Concord read, away back
n 1JMI3, that an agreement had been
undo between the holding companies
md the J. I*. Morgan company to ex'hange
the stock of the St. Louis and
tint Francisco Itailwny company for,
'."i-- ,K" .ii.i..'. i
lean anything tangible to them. Iti.mder
'his agreement is.U-tti.3ya of
"risen stock was exchanged for 34,:s,3iia
of the holding companies'
locks and bonds, and the Frisco stock
ins deposited as collateral for tie*
n?nus ui iiii* iu\v?i ( ?fiu|Niu?. if it ?
NrfiiiU'r, 1 'Jon, this stink was resold
it It. I-'. Yoakum tor $87.50 a shale, or
la.Nii.iMio. an amount insufficient to
eileein tin Iowa com|>au\'s bonds,
'lie Iowa eohl|>any then issued $7.5on,oo
ol these lioinls to the Itoek Island
isiilwsiy company. recoiling $7,800,000
n cash, whieh the rsiilwsty comitany
iad borrowed from the First National
lank of New York. It was subseuetilly
found that the Iowa coinpsiny
iad no assets to retire these honds,
ml more than $ti.ooo.iioo was taken
mm the Itoek Island treasury for the
impose."
It was over this deal that Mr. Ainster
s a stockholder, sued the Iteid-Moore
onilun.ition as individuals and recovred
more than $5,000,000 for the stocklolders.
lie insisted, however, that
lie deal was only one of a long series
>f so-called financial operations which
iad resulted in more than $80,000,000
nss to the toad, and that similar opcations
are the rule, not the exception,
n the ureal game of railroad tinaneng.
"It is the chance to renew these opeations,"
lie said, "which the so-called
ailroad managers are looking for now.
I'he> are not particularly concerned
diout the job of supplying freight;
ind the $75,000 salaries and $100,000j
tonuses to presidents and officials are
nil> an item in the programme. It is
In- job of irresponsible private financng
which they want, for the railroads,
rom the very nature of the industry,
mist be continually financed. They
sinnot be financed from th?;ir earnings tvery
year imperatively , calls for
tivater and greater extensions to meet
' I fni- lu.lli'l- tl-l'llli.
;ri>\>uiK unii.tuuf, -*
tals. more traokiiKc, more up-to-date
><iuipmcnt and moiv and better rolling
stock. Tho roads then. have boon
otupellod to do Inisinoss with tlio
tanks, and no out* oan olijifl, if tho
tanks aro oallod upon, to tlioir getting
idcquntc remuneration for tlioir servoos.
Hut tho tendency of such a syaom
is inevitably to turn the railroads
ivor to tho tnonoy trust. They coaso
o ho, primarily. moans of transportsion
aiitl hoootno opportunities for excitation.
Once get started on sucii a
?>stent and the end is ruin for tho
ttnall investors anti a full ttail of cream
or tho money trust.
"Tho money trust." ho said, "is able
o get away with all this, simply be attso
it is organized. Tho obvious
eniody is to organize tho one section
>f the American public which has
i-'vor boon organized before, the small
nvestors. Tho remedy is not to be
ound in alvolishing Walll street and its
ogitimate business in the buying and
tolling of securities. The remedy is
tot to be found in the aliolition of responsible
ownership and turning our
industries over to the tender mercies
jf a political bureaucracy. I don't ooieet
to public ownership so-called bemuse
it is too radical. I object to it
I ocai so it isn't radical enough. It is
[isoudo-radicalism. the lazy substitution
ot an economic phrase for the
ictual correction of an economic evil.
"The trouble with the railroads is
not that their stockholders have been
making a legitimate profit. Some of
Lheir worst evils have appeared when
they were making no profit at all. The
trouble with Wall street la not that
lirokers get commissions for the legitimate
exchange of securities. The
trouble with both institutions is that
lh?-y have been under irresponsil.
private control."
As to the railroads, .Mr. Amster
l<lan is a simple one. He would ha*
live Federal Corporations organize
l>v the government. each corporatio
to take oxer s>.ll the existing railwa
lines in a given territory?one for tl
south, one for the northwest, etc. A
the roads in u given territory thi
merged into one combination, x\
would do away xvith most of th
present evils of competition, duplies
tion of terminals, special routing, ot
While the government would organi>
these systems and they would he ui
der governrnei t control, their actu;
ownership would be vested, as nov
in private stockholders. Stock i
each should he sold to the public t
exchanged for present railroad liopl
mgs and the government should I.
the one tinam i*.T for a'l.
Dividends in these Federal corpe
rations, Mr. Amster thinks, should h
fixed hy law with a maximum an
minimum rate. There should be n
opportunity to gamble for hig
slakes, but each investment shoul
bt* made set-lire and some encourage
incut should be given to the investor
to help make the enterprise succee<
"And how about the actual direc
lion ol the enterprises?" I asked
"That,'.' he said, "should be vestei
in the various interests served. Th
primary interest, is umiueslionaldy th
public at large. That is the reasoi
for railroads?to serve the public. Th
dominant voice in the directorat
should be the public's. Itut the stock
holders should also be represented
and no scheme of public control wouh
be complete without giving ade<|tiat
representation to the other interest.
"The other interest?"
"i "ertainly," said .Mr. Amslci
"Itailroad labor. I'nder governnien
control it is unthinkable that tin- in
torcsts of lalior shall lie ignored. Mi
the other hand, it is unthinkable thu
these millions of workers shall hav
no voice except the strike. Striker
in fact, must lie made impossible; hu
it would amount almost to slavery ti
pass a law to that effect ami let i
go at thaV If labor is not represent
ed in the actual management of th
property to which it gives its life am
strength, it wouldn't be democracy a
all.
"I^abor should not only be repre
seated in the management, but pro
vision should In* made for the worker
acquiring dividend paying stock
stock whose dividends shall he deter
mined largely by the faithfulness am
ellieieiiey of the labor performed
I'nion labor has one valid objeetioi
to oven the mos" advanced profit
sharing plans today, hut this ohjee
tion would disappear in such a ays
tem id' public service. To-day tin
prolit sharing plan may h<- used ti
keep individual workers front joining
the unions, and keep them fron
Striking against the projlteeraHEimjlKl
railrotiil lahoi
toe. striking dircctl)
against l,hc . ic of t lie I'niteV
States.
'"I'mler this system there would In
no1 profiteers to arouse the envy 01
the toilers. Tile representative!-, ol
the workers would sit with tip- olhet
directors, not as pleaders or as antagonists,
hut :is cipials whose interests
are known to lie one with tin
other interests concerned. And in
stead of striking for higher wages
when a higher income scented neces
sary they would be arranging dojbtless
for an additional dividend ir
stock ?stock whose actual valui
would he determined by their owt
responsibility and loyalty in finim
service."
".lust tell me." Mr. Anistrr com
eluded, "if such a system isn't a nion
reasonsatde form of puhlie co-opera
tion than, say, the Post Ollioe is to
day. In the I'ost iftice labor has n<
voice at all. The general public ii
served, after a fashion, but no grea
body of the people care a ham
whether the enterprise pays or not
At the worst, the I'ost Mtlice systeti
is a mess. At the best it is Prussian
ism. The people of America. I an
sure do not want our railroads am
our essential Imiiistries to un tliu
way.
"And that is just what the finaneia
pirates are depending upon. The;
are trying to make us think that wt
shall have to choose between the oh
system and this spurious governnieii
ownership. Of these two evils,
believe, the American people wil
choose neither."
BIG TALK FROM KAISER.
Says He Licked Russia and Will Licl
the Others.
In reply to an address presented b;
the Burgomaster of Hamburg on th
conclusion of peace with Ukraine las
.Monday, Emperor William said:
We have gone through hard timet
Every one has had a burden to bea
?anxiety, mourning, grief, tribula
tion-?and not the least he who stand
before you. In him were combinei
the care and griel lor the entire | eo
pie in its sorrows.
- We often entered false paths. Th
Lord pointed out to us by a ban
school the path by which we shoub
go. The world, however, at the xam
time has uot been on the right path
We Germans, who still have ideals
should work to bring about bette
times. We should tight for right am
morality. Our Lord God wishes u
to have peace, but a peace wherer
the world will strive to do what i
right and good.
We ought to bring peace to th
world. We shall seek in every v.-a
to do it. Such an end was achieve!
yesterday in a friendly manner will
an enemy which, beaten by ou
armies: perceives no reason for tight
ing longer, extends a hand to us an
receives our hand. We clap hands
Hut lie wno will not accept peace, ou
on the contrary declines, pouring ou
the blood of his own and of our peo
pie. must be forced to have peaci
We desire to live in friendship wit
neighboring peoples, but the victor
of (German arms 'must first be reoog
nized. Our troops under the grea
Hindenburg will continue to win i
Then peace will come.
? D. C. Heyward, collector of in
ternul revenue, has been advised tha
the time for paying income tax an
excess profits tax returns has bee
extended to April 1.
Ulid a!) affect the whole world: unles:
they are dealt with in a spirit of uu
selfish and unbiased justice, with :
*leu to the wishes, the natural con
nettions, the racial aspirations, th<
security, and the |>eace of mind o
the peoples involved, no pertnanen
peace will have been attained. The?
cannot In* discussed se|?arately am
In corners. None of them constitutes
a private or separate interest, fron
which 'he opinion ot the world may l?
shut out. Whatever affects the peact
affects mankind, and nothing settle<
by military force, if seftled wrong, is
settled at all. It will presently hu\<
to be re-opened.
Nations Sit in Judgment.
Is fount von Herthng not uwan
WILSON REPLIES TO CZERNIN
*S
;; Peace Ooly Upoo tbe Principles of
Justice.
y ,
PRESIDENT MAKES POSITION CLEAR
United States Has Not Consulted Allies;
But is in a Position to Speak
For Itself, and President Wilson
Acts as Spokesman in a Way That
Leaves Nothing More to be Said^
President Wilson on Tuesday went
11 before congress with another address
setting forth the position of the Cnit'
ed States with reference to the recent
addresses of Count von Hertling
>r
I the German chancellor and Count
i#i t'zernin, spokesman for Austria as to
the issues involved in the world war
_ so far as the United States is collt
cerned. The full text of the presi(
dent's address is as follows:
() <>n the eighth of January I had the
j honor of addressing ><>u on the obj?-cts
of the war as our people conceive
tiiem. The prime minister of
,s Great Britain had spoken in similar
I terms on the -*>th of January. To these
addresses the German chancellor replied
on the L'tlh. and Count Czerni'i
. for Austria on the same day.
It is gratifying to have our desire
so promptly realized that ail exelianges
of view on this great mallei
should be made in the hearing of all
the world.
?
Count Czernln's reply, which is directed
chiefly to my own address of
! the eighth of January, is uttered ill
a very friendly tone. He finds In my
. statement a sufficient encouraging approach
to the views of his own gov
ernmeni 10 jusuiy mm in neuc* mithat
it furnishes a basis lor a more ?! *tailed
discussion of purposes by the
two governments. He is represented
to have intimated that the views lawns
expressing: had been communicated
to me beforehand and that I
was aware of them at the time he
was uttering them; but in this I am
sure he was misunderstood. I had
received no intimation of what Inintended
to say. There was. of course,
no reason why he should communicate
privately with me. I ant quite content
to be one of his public audience.
Von Hertling Very Vague.
Count von Hertling's reply is. I
must say, very vague and very confusing.
It is full of equivocal phrases
and leads it is not clear where. Hut
it is certainly in a very different tone
from thut of Count Czernin, and apparently
of an opposite purpose. It
confirms, I am sorry to say, rather
than removes, the unfortunate impression
made by what we had learned > (
tiie conferences at Hrest-Litovsk. His
discussion and acceptance of our general
principles lead him to no prae*
tical conclusions. He refuses to ap- J
ply them to the substantive ltemflj
which n u.st constitute the body of any I
final settlement. He is jealous of inI
tcrnational action and of international
counsel. He accepts, he says, the
principle of public diplomacy, but he
appears to insist that it be confined,
r at any rate in his case, to generalities
, and that the several particular questions
of territory and sovereignty, the
several questions upon whose settlement
must depend the acceptance of
the war. must be discussed and settled.
not in general counsel, but severally
by the nations most immediately
concerned by interest or neigh(
borhoods. He agrees that the seas
should be free, Hut looks askance at
( any limitation to that freedom by
, international action in the interest of
the common order. He would without
reserve be glad to see economic bar,
tiers removed between nation ami
nation, for that could in no way impede
the ambitions of the military
t party with which ho seems construin^
ed toy keep on terms. Neither does he
( raise objection to a limitation of arm?
aments. That matter will be settled
of Itself, he thinks, by the economic
conditions which must follow the war.
Hut the Herman colonies, he demands,
| must he returned without debate. He
I will discuss with no one hut the rep(
resenlutives of Hussiu what disposltiou
shall he made of the peoples and
I the lands of the Bailie provinces:
. with no one hut the government of
France the "conditions" under which
I French territory shall he evacuated:
( and only with Austria what shall he
I done with Poland.
In the determination of all questions
affecting the Balkan states he
defers, as I understand him, to Austria
and Turkey; and with regard to
the agreement to be entered Into concerning
the non-Turkish peoples of
k the present Ottoman empire, to ljis
Turkish authorities themselves. After
y a settlement all around, effected in
L. this fashion, by individual burter and
t concession, he would huve no objection,
if I correctly interpret his state,
meat, to a league of nations which
r would undertake to hold the new bal.
unee of power steady against internal
s disturbance.
I No Peace on Such Basis.
It must be evident to everyone who
understands what this war hus
p wrought In the opinion and temper of
I the world that no general, no peace
I worth the intlnlte sacrifices of these
e years of tragical suffering, can pos,
sibly be arrived at in any such fash,
ion. The method the Herman chanr
eellor proposes is the same method
j of the congress of Vienna. We can?
not and will not return to that. What
n ib cti siune now is win jifuic ui mc
s world.
What we are striving for Is e new
e international order based upon the
y broad and universal principles of right
d and justice?no mere peace of shreds
I, and patches. Is it possible that Count
r von Hertling does not see that? Does
_ not grasp it, is in fact living in his
,j thought in a world dead and gone?
, Has he utterly forgotten the reich,
stag resolutions of the nineteenth of
lt July, or does he deliberately ignore
them? They spoke of the conditions
, of a genera) peace, not of national
h aggrandizement or of an arrangement
y between state and state.
The peace of the world depends
t upon just settlement of each of the
t >. veral problems to which I adverted
in my recent address to the congress.
I. of course, do not mean that the
. peace of the world depends upon the
it acceptance of any particular set of
d suggestions as to the way in which
n those problems are to be dealt with.
I mean only that thorn problems each
ne is speaKing Hi me court 01
mankind, that all the awakened nations
of the world now sit in judgmen;
cn what every public man ol
whatever nation,* may say on the issues
of a-conllict which has spread
to every region of the world." Tht
reichstag resolutions of July themselves
frankly accepted the decisions
of that court. There shall be no annexations,
no contributions, no punitive
damages. Peoples are not to be
handed about from one sovereignty
to another by an international conference
or an understanding between
ri\#als and antagonists. National aspirations
must be respected; peoples
may now be dominated and governed
only by their own consent. 'Selfdetermination"
is not a mere phrase.
It is an imperative principle- of action,
which statesmen will henceforth iggeneral
peace for the asking, or by
the nu-re arrangements of a peace
conference, it cannot lie pieced together
out of individual understandings
between powerful states. All
the parties to this war must join in
the settlement of every issue anywhere
involved in it; because what
we are seeking is it peace that we can
all unite to guarantee and maintain
and every item of it must lie submitted
to the common judgment whether
it lie right ami fair, an act of justice,
rather than a bargain between sovereigns.
Tht* Xt.-iln* hn? rtn fliwirt* tn
interfere in European affairs or to
act as arbiter in European territorial
disputes. She would disdain to take
advantage of any internal weakness
or disorder to impose her own will
upon another people. She is quite
ready to be shown that the settlements
she lias suggested are not the
best or the most enduring. They are
only her own provisional sketch of
principles, and of the way in which
thl-y should be applied. Hut she entered
this war because she was made
a partner, whether she would or not,
in' the sufferings and indignities iiLtllcfed
by the military masters of Germany,
against the peace and security
hf mankind; and the conditions of
Mace will .touch her us ncurly us
BrTTtfrmjiii *'iy mngF imnww w
which is entrusted a leading part in
trte maintenance of civilization. She
cannot see her way to peace until the
causes of this war are removed, its renewal
rendered as nearly as may l?e
impossible.
Whence War Sprang.
Tliis war had its roots in the disregard
of the rights of small nations
and of nationalities which lacked the
union and the force to make good
their claim to determine their own
allegiance and their own forms of political
life. Governments must now be
entered into which will render such
tilings impossible for the future; ami
those covenants must lie backed by
the united force of all the nations
that love justice and are willing to
maintain it at any cost, if territorial
settlements and the political relations
of great populations which have not
the organized power to resist are to
be determined by the contracts of the
powerful governments which consider
themselves most directly affected, as
fount von Hortling proposes, why
may not economic questions alsoi' It
has come aliout in the altered world
in which we now find ourselves that
justice and the rights of peoples affect
the whole field of international
dealing as much as access to raw
materials and fair and equal conditions
of trade.
Count von Iiertling wants the essential
liases of commercial and industrial
life to he safeguarded li>
common agreement and guarantee,
hut he cannot expect that to lie conceded
him if the other matters to bt
determined by the articles of peart
me noi nunuieu in inr .-vimc nu> itr
items in the final accounting. He
cannot usk the benefit of common
agreement in the one field without according
it in the other. I take it foi
granted that he sees that separate ami
selfish compacts with regard to trade
and the essential materials of manufacture
would nfford no foundatior
for ponce. Neither, he may rest assured,
will separate and selfish compacts
with regard to provinces an<'
peoples.
Czernin Seems to See.
Count Czernin seems to see the fundamental
elements of pence with cleai
eyes and does not seek to obscure
them. He sees that an independent
Poland, made up of all the Indisputably
Polish people who lie contigeoui
to one another is a matter of European
concern and must of course In
conceded: that Belgium must be evac
uated and restored, no matter whai
sacrifices and concessions that ma;
involve; and that national aspiration!
must be satisfied, even within hi!
own empire, in the common interest
of Europe and mankind. If he ii
silent about questions which touch th<
interest nnd purpose of his alliei
more nearly man niry luui u imw- v
Austria otily, it must of course be be
saune he feels constrained, I suppose
to defer to Germany and Turkey ir
the circumstances. Seeing and con
ceding, as he does, the essential prin
cipies involved and the necessity o:
candidly applying them, he naturall;
feels that Austria can respond to th<
purpose of peace as expressed by th<
United States with less embarrass
inent than could Germany. He woulc
probably have gone much farther hac
It not been for the embarrassments o
Austria's alliances and of her depend^
ence upon Germany.
The Test, After AH.
After all, the test of whether it it
rble for either government to g(
further in this comparison o
Ytasws is simple and obvious. Th<
principles to be applied are these:
f i
< First. That each i>art of the ttnal Til
- settlement must be based upon the es- IU
i sential justice of that particular case
. and upon such adjustments as are jy?,
? most likely to bring a peace that will
I' be permanent;
t Second. That peoples and provinces
are not to be bartered about from pj..
I sovereignty to sovereignty as if they
< were mere chattels and pawns in a
i game, even the great game, now for- De;
- ever discredited, of the balance of C
. power; but that. C
I Third. Kvery territorial settlement (
? involved in the war must be made in
. the interest and for the benefit of the 0f
populations concerned and not us a u p
part of any mere adjustment or coin- jps
, promise of claims amongst rival ?v|
f states; and,
Fourth. That all well defined na- not
tional aspirations shall be accorded j?.
r the utmost satisfaction that can oe
accorded them without introducing for
I new or perpetuating older elements of j,aa
. discord and antagonism that would ter
he likely in time to break the peace j0*
. of Kurope and consei|Uently of the p,.r
world. art,
A general peace erected upon such a i
, foundations can be discussed. I'ntil am]
. such a peace can he secured we have wa,
no choice but to go on. So far as we |?a
can judge, these principles that we nal
regard as fundamental are already ra|,
| everywhere accepted as imperative |aw
except among the spokesmen of the coll
military and annexationist party in a t
tiermany. If they have anywhere tha
else been rejected, the objectors have ja}(
not been sufficiently numerous or in- tne
liiicntial lo make their voices audible, g,,,.
The tragical circumstances is that mu
this one party in tiermany is uppur- 0th
ently willing and able to send mil- jac
lions of men to their death to prevent vvas
what all the world now sees to he tun
just. A >
No Change of Course. j,u|j
I would not lie a true spokesman of ant]
the people of the I'nited States if 1 the
did not say once more that we en- this
tered this war upon no small occasion. cou
and that we can never turn back from tug
a course chosen upon principle. Our visi
resources are in part mobilized now. |jie
and we shall not pause until they are m,,|
mobilized in their entirety. Our ar- to |
mics are rapidly going to the fighting COn
front, and will go more and more evk
rapidly. Out' whole strength will lie ai)D
put into this war of emancipation-- ant
emancipation from the threat and at- the
tempted mastery of selfish groups of jutj
autocratic rulers?whatever the dittl- Ure
culties and present partial delays. We' Gve
, are indomitable in our power of inde- pup
pendent action and can in no circum- doe
stances consent to live in a world gov- re!r
erned by intrigue and force. We be- tH.Si
lleve that our own desire for a new Wh<
international order under which tea- jts
son and justice and the common in- .sjot
terests of mankind shall prevail is the t;.
desire of enlightened men everywhere, gov
( Without tiutt new order the world will can
' |>e without nenre Mf,. will
lack tolerame conditions of existence Mc
and development. >ert
Having set our hand to the task of put
achieving it, we shall not turn back. Hoi
I hope thut it is not necessary for not
me to add that no word of what I best
have said is intended as a threat, the
That is not the temper of our people, net
I have spoken thus only that the wjn
whole world may know the true spirit ,.|\
of America?thut men everywhere her
may know that our passion for Justice jos
and for self-government is no mere dut
passion of words hut u passion which, of
once set in action, must he satisfied. vvh<
The power of the United States is a ni0|
menace to no nation or people. It rhn
will never be used in aggression or f.r
for the aggrandizement of any Hellish t.as,
interest of our own. It springs out fnr
of freedom anil Is for the service of
freedom. . C
* *? * pol
GENERAL NEWS NOTES. pie!
tho
Record of Current Happenings Col- of
lected from Various Sources. nin
The Ohio river at t'incinnati on ^ot
I Monday, reuehed a Hood stage of 60.5
feet, and was rising two feet an hour. 'ne
The high river was caused in part ' u
i by an ice gorge below the city.
1 nin
The death on Sunday of Abdul (
Humid, former sultan of Turkey, | jj
from inllaminatlon of the lungs, is U||
announced in a dispatch from t'on- ^
slantinople by way of Vienna. A j.cr
state funeral was held. jnj(
One hundred and five deaths or- j;
curred in New York city, due to ah|
' pneumonia in the forty-eight hours wa
ending Mond-v night, it has been |,ut
1 announced T>y the department of Qf
' health, showing an increase of 42 far
1 over the same period a week ago. I^r
<?ne hundred and sixteen claims aft
for damages, amounting to several Wi
hundred thousand dollars, have been of
filed against tin* city of Rochester, X. fou
V., by parents of children who became wir
severely ill after administration by a It I
city physician of a toxin for suscept- inti
iliilit v nf tlitihthpriii fthf
Maximum wholesale prices for "la
poultry in New York and vicinity ,,ei
have been fixed as follows by the rP!l
. Federal food administration: Fowls. ,f-r
, 3fi rents: chickens und young roost- ^
, ers. 35 cents: old roosters, 27 cents: .
r lan
turkeys, ducks and geese, 3u cents.
, lteginning Monday and until May 1,
the killing of fowls and pullets is for.
bidden.
? am
Ground glass, mixed with feed, j-j
t caiused the death of seventeen horses wj|
; of a t'nlted States infantry supply aj(
, company which arrived at Waco. far
s Texas, last Sunday from Fort Ogle- for
I thorpe, Ga., according to military au- ers
3 thorities. The animals were found |IU,
> dead in the cars and examination of |,|a
, their feed disclosed the pulverised
f glass. Government agents are investi- pjC
. gating. KO<
A statement has been issued by J. fall
i P. Cotton, chief of the meat division we;
of the food administration, urging cot
- pork raisers to make special effort out
f this year to bring about a large pro- rer
, duction and saying that he favors a ed
i minimum price in order to protect cer
? the producers in their industry- He da]
- says that S15.50 per 100 pounds ready mil
1 for market would be a reasonable ed
1 price as a minimum if the market is ag<
f normal, but insists that the price da]
- should in fact at all times be at the yes
ratio of 13 to 1?the farmer to re- ed
ceive for pork 13 times as much as Mo
s he has paid for corn to feed hogs, pei
) The ratio has been heretofore 12 to ces
f 1. but Mr. Cotton thinks that 13 to 15
? 1 would make the market normal loo
and fix a reasonable standard. va
x
" 7/1-.- ... -v-.'. < < st -iv/:,--.... ;
ILD BY LOCAL EXCHANGES
is Happenings Id Neighboring
Communities.
VUENSEI) fOl" QUICK HEADING
iling Mainly With Local Affairs of
Iherokee. Cleveland, Gaston and
.hestsr Counties.
Chester Reports.*, Feb. 11: Friends
t- will be deeply grieved to learn
the death of Mr. J. Lewis White.
0 after a brave buttle to regain
health, passed away at seven
lock this morning at Saluda, X.
Funeral services will be held at
in tomorrow at Hopewell A. K.
church, of which the father of the
eased, Rev. John A. White, was
so long the honored and useful
tor Little Stewart Boyd, daughof
Mr. und Mrs. F. M. Boyd, of
inston, alio is here on a visit to
grandmother, Mrs. M. M. Stew,
on Church street, was bitten by I
mil dog Thursday, and painfully I
1 severely injured. The animal <
* killed and Its head sent to t'oltim
for examination, which fortu- i
?? ,,r i
11-8. The child was plo)ing on the
n on the First liuptist church, in
puny witti other children, when
>ull iluk. owned by a negro buy
t drives for Mr. C. H. Ferguson,
hed from behind the wagon across
lawn and bit the child on the
e. The animal was without a
Mile, and is said to have bitten
er children previously, oilicer
kson killed the dog. and its head
> sent to Columbia for cxuminui,
with the result above stated
leutlenian who has ligured in the
ities of the county in times past.
I is thoroughly posted on all of
ins and outs of the business, said
i morning that the action of the
nty legislative delegation in directum!
requiring the county superit*
to turn over the chaingang to
highway commission lor six
nths or more each year is going
l>recipitute u tight this summer, in
iparison with which any previous
lence of political belligeruncy will
ear exceedingly mild and pleasHe
said thnt the argument that
chaingang is an expensive illation,
and that as a financial mensturning
the force of convicts
r to the highway commission to he
J at regular rates is a wise step
s not appeal to many who live in
lute sections, who regard their
I eliance for road improvement
?n the eliuingung is diverted from
regular programme The decl1
of Hailroad Commissioner John
Iticliards to make the race for
ernor leaves the liehl open for
didates for railroad commissioner
j might?hi.ve- felt?Hmu?
hards was entitled to u second
11; and we here and now arise to
in nomination Chester's Mayor, 11
i. Z. Vance Davidson, who would 1
only make one of the a blot and
t titled railroad commissioners in
state's history, hut has the monism
and the ability to make a
ining race .Miss Itehecca Walkwho
was spending a few. days
c with her parents, Mr. and Mrs.
. A. Walker, after her arduous
les in connection with the nursing
two meningitis cases?both of
mi have recovered?has been sumned
back to Oharlottc to take
rge of another case. Miss Walkvolunteered
her services in these
es, and has been warmly praised
her bravery.
iaffney Ledger, February 12: The
Ice force of the town was oeeu1
Saturday night in rounding up
He who were under the influence
"John Barleycorn." John Jengton
and Lamuel Teague were
h taken into custody und gave
id for their appearance. These
n hud been drinking I'eruna and
nalca ginger Felix Johnson
< arrested Saturday night for rung
over Jeff Scruggs at the ctatTney <
e Stock stnliles Willi bis autoino>.
Johnson was arrested and put
a bond of one hundred dollars for
appearance in mayor's court,
uggs is In the local hospital. His
i r ir.u uro unt (jprimiM f'Yil. T
Butler, recently lost a very value
cow. Veterinary C. H. Bobbins
s called to hw her before she died,
was not able to diagnose the cause
the trouble. She was sent to the
in of a Mr. White, who is an ext
with cows, but she died shortly
er she was taken to the farm. Mr.
lite being curious as to the cause
the death disserted the body, and
nd embeddled In her heart a rusty
e nail about two inches in length.
Is probable that the nail was taken
0 the stomach of the cow while
( was feeding, and the wonder is
it she lived so long after the nail
ictrated her heart. How the nail
ohed the heart is one of the mysies
which cannot be explained.
* * * ?
Cleveland Star, February 12: Cleved
county farmers have ordered
ough Farm Demonstrator fJIdney, ,
tons of nitrate of soda which the
i-ernrnent will import from Chili
1 sell to the farmers of the south at
> per ton f. o. h. port cities. This
I cost (32,850 with freight to be
led. This indicates that Cleveland i
mors are making great preparations
the coming year. About 600 farmplaced
orders and others wanted to
r but were too late or application
nks ran out Since the weather
i improved, there is considerable
king of cotton in the county. A
>d deal was left in the fields last
I and on account of the severe
nther of eight weeks' duration. It
ild not be gathered, but a vigori
effort is being made to gather the
nainder of the crop, although tintand
soiled, because It brings 30
its a pound At Orovcr Sun^
r morning at 6 o'clock, Mr. Benjar?
F. Turner, one of the most valucltizens
of the county, died at the
i of 70 years, having been sick two
re with pneumonia. He was burled
terday, the funeral being conductby
Revs. W. R. Beach of King's
untain, and J. W. Bailey of Cowis,
8. C. Mr. Turner was a suesful
merchant who retired about
yzara ago and since then'has been
king after his varied Interests. He
a man of considerable means,
hi -4I."!1- . 'V. v.v.v... oiV
lino business qualities. a tender and
loving father, active ill church affair*
and a valuable and generous hearted
citizen in every way. A well known
Shelby citizen stated yesterday that
he was one of the tinest all-round
men in the county. For 3j or to
years he was a deacon of the Baptist
church. The attendance at the
funeral was large and the llor.il offering
was a rich and beautiful tribute
to Ins worth and standing. His wife
has been desperately ill for awhile
ind the news of her husband's death
was withheld until Just before the
funeral. Surviving are the following
children: Marvin Turner, banker, of
tiustonia, Mrs. \V. S. Martin of Kichburg.
S. 1\. Mrs. V. V. Toms of
i liver. S. Mrs. Charles Washburn
ot Shelby; Mrs. K. Outes, Rutherfordton:
Misses Bessie, Vera, tlllis. Oath
i-nne ana Lucy M. I timer ot uustoniu.
DARING BRITISH AIRMAN
Single Handed Heid Back Enemy Attack
for a Day.
A stirring story of how one daring
British aviator, like u "guardian angel,
IteKl u|i for a whole day repeated
-netny attacks upon a weak and
.-rumbling British line at C'anibrui
n the height of the desperate struggle
there by using lour airplanes,
me after another as the) were torn
ind crippled by enemy tire, has just
-oine to light.
It shows that some of the most
taring, dangerous airplane work of
he past year has been ill the new
iehl of attacking enemy infantry
from the air.
The lieriuans were trying to re.'over
a portion of tile lost lillldelljurg
line. pushing with a great
ivciglit of men and guns at a point
.dure it was very difficult for the
Itritish to bring up reserves. The
Itl'itisll battalion op|>osing the attack
tiad gone 10 earth hi little isolated
;roups among the shell holes, grimly
Jetermincd to iiiing on to the end.
The iierman masses had already
noved across No Mun's Land into the
wittered earthworks that once formid
the British bring line, other
misses were moving up in support,
imi already the nearest shell holes
vere heaving utid. boiling over with
he restless heads und shoulders of
lien about to renew the advance.
Phe barrage of the British guns was
leavy but at close quarters only in"antry
can stop the progress of infantry
and the lire from tli<* British
shell holes hud grown weak and
draggling. it looked as if the
K-anty British line would he overvhelmed
hy sheer weight of numhers.
The lire from the Oermans Inereas
. (I until the utr was alive with their
>ulletx. It wax the concentrated lire
vhich ulwuys precedes the ruxli to
lose <|Uarter?. 'i'he blue-gray figures
vere ulready beginning to appear
tbove the xhell holes, their loose flupuniform.
ff... .nn.l 11
living them the appearance of denunx,
when suddenly 'into the xmoke
ind murk of battle there dived a
British airplane.
Fifty feet from the ground it flutened
out and skidded along the line.
Jropping its bombs, among the bewildered
(lermanx. Wheeling swift y
at the tlank of the attack, it came
ikimming back like a swallow chargng
a swarm of Hies, its machine
;uns entielding the advancing foe ami
Iriving him buck to his burrows.
A storm of German bullets swept
through the planes, and a black
lame-centered burst of enemy shrapnel
smothered the airplane in vapor
rhe watching infantry saw splinters
fall from its quivering frame and the
d I very fabric of the underuingx was
torn in several places by shell splinters.
But the daring pilot finished his
course and vanished Into the smoke
['louds, leaving the panic-stricken
enemy clinging to his shell holes too
shaken and thinned to press the attack
further.
Little by little, however, the tierman
supporters came up, advuncing
by short rushes over the open, reinforcing
their comrudcs by twos und
threes In spite of British tire. Scores
und scores of their dead littered No
Man's Uml. hut Kriuluti Ity the
strength of the attacking line was
made good, and the shell holes
again began to heave und boil, as
men rose from their lower cover und
laid hold of the rims to assist them
over the top.
Then suddenly they were over any
way, little spurts of humanity belched
out of the crater field, coalescing into
u seething blue-gray, rushing mass,
hojs'lessly outweighing the handful of
British defenders. But before the
mass could gain full momentum, a
familiar snoring hum sounded above
the din of buttle, und out of the lowlying
huze swept the hovering airplane,
a new machine but with
the same pilot as before. His bombs
dropped among the advancing Hermans.
dispersing those who escaped
the flying fragments, and his ma
Hint- sunn nwc|ii inviil uut ui hiriii
into the shell holes.
A half hour pussed, and again the
enemy attempted to attack, this time
hesitatingly and with diminishing
spirit. Again the airplane appeared,
and the first rattle of his guns sent
the Germans Into cover again. A
German airplane dashed down to
drive him away but another British
machine from the protecting patrol
came down on the German's tall and
sent him cart-wheeling behind his
own lines. There were other German
machines in the fighting but the
watchful British fighters made the
enemy airmen shy of losing their altitude
and the daring British pilot
kept his guard over the threatened
line without further interference.
Many times he swept down on the
Germans that day, crumpling up ev-'
ery attempted attack with his fire,
rendering portions of their positions
untenable with his bombs; often madly
in the air* gusts from a barrage
salve, just as often performing wilder
manoeuvers to confuse tKe gunners
and riflemen who searched for
him incessantly. Three times his
airplane was so badly damaged that
he had to nurse Its failing strength
back to his aerodome. But each
time he returned on a new machine,
encouraging the British infantry by
his example, and scattering death and
confusion among their foes.
He was flying his fourth machine
when darkness settled down, putting
an end to the conflict, with the Germans
securely checked.
V