University of South Carolina Libraries
Scraps and |arts. ? Indications of a crisis in the international credit situation were plainly discernible in last Tuesday's New 1'ork markets for foreign exchange. Remittances to London declined sharply, lires fell back to theii recent low quotations and francs and rubles broke all previous records for weakness. The decline in sterling bills was traceable to advices from London, which stated that British treasury officials were about to order a suspension of new credits, pending the completion of arrangements for a new war loan of larger proportions than any preceding issue. The break in francs was associated with reports that a hitch had occurred in the transfer of 100,000,000 gold from .Paris to London, while the drop in rubles arose from misgivings regarding the state of Russian finances. It is regarded as noteworthy that German exchange alone held steady, although today's quotations were merely normal inasmuch as no actual transactions were reported in this market for Germany. ? ine 1UTKISII Iliimaujr ui n>? places the total number of men under arms at present at 1,322,000. More conservative estimates in Constantinople give the number as about 800,000. This includes 200,000 Christians who are being used for digging trenches and building railways, roads and bridges. The actual fighting men are divided into five armies. The first, encamped at Adrianople and around Constantinople under von der Goltz, is said to be about 100,000 strong. The second, under Djemal Pasha, aims at Egypt with 150,000 men. The third is located around Bagdad with 50,000. The fourth, in the Caucasus, number 180,000, while the fifth, estimated at something over 100,000, is operating in the vicinity of the Dardanelles. Probably the best equipped troops .are gathered around Constantinople,' which is also admirably defended by concrete rings of up-to-date fortifications. An excellent battery has been placed in position immediately below the mosque of St. Sophia. Although the German advisers of the government have taken over practical command of military affairs, they make no attempt to meddle in police and civil matt ere. The press censorship, for example, is under Turkish auspices, and correspondents, even from Germany, are handled ruthlessly. Thus the correspondents of the Cologne Zeitung and the Deutches Armee Zeitung have been interned at Konia, the correspondent of the Neue Freie Presse has been condemned to a year's imprisonment and the representative of the Berlin Tageblatt has been expelled. ? There are nearly 1,000,000 Englishmen, Americans, Frenchmen, Russians, Italians and Serbians now in Switzerland, says a Geneva dispatch, who will receive protection from the Swiss Federal government in the event of Italy's entrance into the war. From a military standpoint all four Alpine-Swiss borders will be closed. Although the government has received formal guarantees that Swiss neutrality will not be violated, it has taken stringent measures to safeguard the frontier. There is no thought, however, of a general Swiss mobilization. The most important question concerns food supply for more than 5,0(10,000 persons who may soon be surrounded by a wall of bayonets. Hope is expressed that the belligerent governments will give their aid. ? The London Daily Mail's correspondent at Rotterdam sends an account of an engagement between a Zeppelin and a squadron of allied aeroplanes in Belgium in which the Zeppelin and two of the allied aeroplanes were destroyed. The correspondent says he is convinced that the story is accurate in every detail. Two Zeppelins crossed over Brussels traveling westward on May 10. One of them returned alone at 8 o'clock that evening and was surrounded and attacked by the aeroplane squadron. Many persons counted twenty-seven machines in the allied fleet. The Zeppelin made a spirited n&nt wun its machine guns and tried to escape by soaring, but the aeroplanes maneuvered skilfully and quickly and gave the dirigible no chance to get away. The Zeppelin was disabled in less than fifteen minutes and it fell between Brussels and Ghent. Several explosions accompanied its fall and all the crew of sixty are believed to have been killed. Two of the aeroplanes were destroyed and their pilots killed by the Zeppelin's tire. ? The Cunard liner Transylvania, which arrived at Glasgow from New York, encountered a submarine off the n#rthwest coast of Ireland about 5 o'clock Saturday afternoon, according to passengers who arrived in London Tuesday. They say the submarine appeared about 400 to 800 yards away. The periscope and part of the conning tower were in sfcght for several minutes. The Transylvania's captain immediately turned the ship and steered a zig-zag course until danger was past. Some of the passengers declare the submarine discharged a torpedo at the Transylvania, and that they saw a white streak of foam marking the course of the projectile. This is disputed by others, who say such statements are imaginative. Many of the passengers were below and knew nothing of the incident at the time. It is said all who were on deck behaved with the greatest coolness. Lifeboats were prepared for immediate lowering on Saturday morning. Few of the passengers went to bed on the last night of the voyage. Kenneth Durward, a London business man, who returned on the Transylvania from New York, said: "I was looking over the stern of the ship at 5.30 o'clock in the afternoon when, in our wake, about 500 yards astern, I saw what I at first believed was a porpoise. I called several passengers who were standing near. We were Joined by the chief engineer of the ship, who pronounced the object to be the conning tower of a submarine." Passengers who talked with the ship's officers after the submarine was reported to have been seen, learned that the swerve which the ship took at that moment had nothing to do with the sighting of an undersea boat, as the captain executed this movement to shape the course with the sun. Captain Black told several passengers he had seen nothing of the submarine they believed they had sighted. ? A letter from President Wilson was made public at Louisville, Ky., last Tuesday, reaffirming his position on the liquor question and amplifying two previous letters on the subject, known as the Shannon and Grogan letters, which were written when Mr. Wilson was governor of New Jersey. The Shannon letter advocated local option, as a means of settling liquor issues. It said that liquor issues instrued in Kentucky to mean they brought disruption and rendered constructive legislation impossible. The Grogan letter had been construed in Kentucky to mean the writer favored state-wide prohibition. In view ot the widely divergent interpretations placed upon the two letters, W. B. Haldeman, editor of the Louisville Times, wrote the president reciting that: "State-wide prohibition has been made an issue by two of the candidates for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in Kentucky, and in that connection the so-called r.rnenn letter is beintr used to implv that you approve of this principle in certain circumstances, which are declared to fit the present Kentucky political situation. On the other hand, the so-called Shannon letter is being used in an effort to prove that you stand for local self-government as a principle for Democrats to observe. If you feel that the situation warrants," Mr. Haldeman's letter said, in conclusion, "I should be pleased tc have a statement of present date from you as to your general attitude toward th? questions presented by these letters. Such a statement would dc much to clarify our local situatior and do much to emphasize what you obviously intended by the Shannor letter." "I have your letter of May 5," the president's letter, made publit Tuesday says, "and must apologize for not having replied sooner. I am sure that you will understand the pressure of circumstances I have been under. The reply to your letter is very simple. My so-called Shannor letter precisely defines my position with regard to the liquor issue, nol only as it was when I wrote the letter, but as it is now, and the letter to Mr. Grogan is, or was, at any rate, intended to be entirely consistent with it. What I intended to say to [ Mr. Grogan. and think that I said ' with sufficient clearness, was that, 1 while the position I had taken in the Shannon letter expressed my fixed \ convictions in the matter, I was not self-confident or self-opinionated 1 enough to say whether the proper ' course of action was in Texas or in ' any other state where I was not per1 serially in touch with the conditions J obtaining, I felt that it would be ar| rogant on my part to state that there ; were in my opinion no circumstances which Justified an agitation for state1 wide prohibition. I am sure that you ' yourself felt there was no inconsist1 ency between the two letters, and I 1 am sincerely obliged to you for your 1 having afforded me the opportunity 1 to make this very explicit." i - ; Ihf ^jorkiiUr gnquiw. Entered at the Postoffice in Yorkville as Mail Matter of the Second Class. YORKVILLE. S. C.t FRIDAY, MAY 21, 1915. All the indications yesterday were that Italy would probably join in the war at any moment. The testimony of passengers on the British liner Transylvania that they saw a German submarine only a few hundred yards away, is interesting. There seems to be no dispute about the circumstance. The inference, of course, is that the Germans could easily have sunk the Transylvania if they had chosen to do so, but because of the pending correspondence with the United States they'preferred to hold up for the time being. When we find ourselves growing particularly angry with Germany, it is JUSt as wen to rememucr mai *??o Great Britain that forced us, virtually under threat of war, to retreat from our desire of free tolls for American ships through the Panama canal, and also that it was Great Britain which brought so much pressure against us in connection with the ship purchase bill that President Wilson sought to get through the last session of congress in order to develop American commerce. Neither Great Britain or Germany has anything to give the United States. After all these years, the United States government is just finding out that southern cotton is as satisfactory and" as durable for the purpose of making American Hags as is Imported wool bunting. The treasury department has been making experiments along this line recently and as the result has ordered the use of cotton Hags < n all the cutters of the revenue service. Later on, of course, all flags used by the nation will be of cotton, the best and most appropriate material of which they could be made. S. ? A movement has been started In this city to secure regulations calling for uniforms in the public school. This idea, a brand new one in connection with public schools organized with a prominent business man of the city, who has been given the subject much thought and attention. During the short time in which the matter has been agitated much favorable comment has been heard, and it is likely that definite steps will be taken before very long.?Orangeburg special to the News and Courier. This proposition of uniforms for children of the public schools is interesting, but not altogether new. Mr. Fred Nims of Fort Mill township, published exactly this suggestion in the Fort Mill Times a few years ago, and there was favorable discussion of it in The Enquirer and other papers. If Orangeburg, however, is the first county to put the idea into practical effect, there will be no effort to deprive her of due credit. There are strong indications in the comments of the British press that the British people are weakening somewhat in their confidence in Lord Kitchener, secretary of war, and Winston Churchill, head of the admiralty. The complaint against Lord Kitchener seems to be that he is not taking the people into his confidence sufficiently and that he should tell them what is going on at the front, no matter how unfavorable. So strict is the British press censorship that the English papers are not able to get as satisfactory information even as the American papers, and the information that is being published in the American papers Is unsatisfactory enough. There is a disposition to in some way blame Mr. Churchill for the heavy losses the navy has been sustaining and his failure to curb the activities of the German submarines. Within the past few days there has been a re-organization of the British ministry by a coalition of the various parties; but it is understood that there are to be no radical changes of policy. All parties stand for the continued prosecution of the war as energetically as possible. Joseph T. Johnson, Jr., son of Judge Joseph T. Johnson, of the Western district of South Carolina, has been appointed revenue inspector for South Carolina, a job that is said to pay about 13,000 a year, and the judge is coming in for more criticism. The place, it is understood, was first offered to John W. Gregory of Union, who refused it because he feared that he did not have sufficient knowledge of bookkeeping, etc., to take care of it. The ! criticism lin Judge Johnson is based on the b ihat he should be satisfied with the jod job he has landed for himself, without thinking of accepting something in addition for his son. Somehow we are unable to see any good ground for a row in the matter. ; If the job was created merely for the i pap that is In it, instead of for the i public service, then no man who Is worth his salt would have it; but if it be a matter of giving value received i then young Johnson probably accepted 1 for the same reason that Ml*. Gregory [ declined, and there appears to be but , little ground for justifiable criticism, i What they are quarreling about we I ?i iuit iu arc. : The Laurens Advertiser thinks that President Wilson should call congress i in session to deal with the Lusitania > incident. We interpret the Advertis er's suggestion as born of sincere zeal; but we do not think it arrived at a i conclusion entirely satisfactory to iti self. As we see it, we infinitely prefer t to leave the whole matter with Mr. Wilson until such time as he shall feel need for the assistance of congress.? Yorkville Enquirer. Possibly The Yorkville Enquirer misunderstood our position in advocating the calling of congress before deciding negatively on the question whether or not this country should go to war. It had appeared from the president's speech at Philadelphia that it was not the intention of this government to make a tirm protest against the Lusltania and similar outrages and when he corrected the impression we were commending rather than criticising. Our position was that the president should exert all honorable resources to avert war, but that before excluding the voice of the country at arriving at a decision as a quiet submission to German activtles would amount to, congress should be called so that the sentiment of the people might be found. We believe he will do this should Germany refuse to accede to the demands as contained in the president's latest note, as it begins, to appear that she 1,1 J ? T A /lirortloor Will uu. uuui ci 10 nuT?<u?v.. And all that The Enquirer had In mind was simply this: There are great and powerful financial interests in this country that would be glad to precipitate this country into the war on the side of Great Britain and her allies, and other great and powerful interests that would be glad to precipitate us into war with Germany. Among both these interests there is much that is purely selfish, looking after "me and my wife, my son John and his wife; us four and no more." The best place we can think of for people of this kind is at the point between the [ opposing lines where the bullets of the machine guns pass each other in the greatest volume. There are others who think we should get in in time to be on the side of the winner, and others who fear we are going to have to fight the winner sooner or later, and that for that reason we had better do It now. We want to see this country do that which is right and nothing else. We feel that if this country does what is right, it need fear no consequences no matter how the thing goes. We are inclined to think that if congress were in session right now, there would be brought to bear on the different members enough pressure to make them do and say all kinds of fool things calculated to obscure the right, and possibly throw the country off its balance. What President Wilson's personal sympathies are we do not know; but we feel that he has the honor and welfare of his country at heart, and that he is relying sufficiently upon the guidance of Almighty God to enable him to do that which is right, and therefore best. We do not want war with anybody and we hope that this country will not get into it on one side or the other. If in the opinion of the president, it becomes the duty of this country to go in, then we hope it will be on our own account rather than on account of either side; but whatever Mr. Wilson shall decide in the matter we shall feel that he is right. Town of Yorkville. While it is a fact that the spot on which the town or xortivuie now stands was once known as Fergus's Cross Roads, along about 1785 or 1786, we have been unable to establish from any legal or historical record that it ever had any other name than the one by which it is now known. Mills' Statistics of South Carolina, published in 1826, gives a brief sketch of York county, then York district, and refers to this town as follows: "The district town, is called Yorkville, and is the seat of justice. It- is situated centrally to the district, on the dividing ridge between the waters of Broad and Catawba rivers. The village is regularly laid out in squares; and contains by the census taken in 1823, 292 whites and 159 blacks; total 451. Of these there are 52 mechanics, 8 lawyers, 2 physicians, and ^clergyman. There af'e 8 stores, 5 taverns, a male and female academy, postoffice and a printing office, which issues 2 papers weekly; one devoted to agricultural subjects. The number of houses is about 80." We have at The Enquirer office bound copies of the first newspaper, "The Pioneer," dated at Yorkville, and covering the years 1823 and 1824. Efforts to have the town of Yorkville incorporated were commenced previous to 1820; but the first successful step in that direction is to be found in volume IX, of the Statutes, at Large, (1824) as follows: "And be it further enacted that by the authority aforesaid, That Benjamin Chambers, Andrew McWhorter and Tines W. McNeel be, and they are hereby appointed commissioners of streets of the village-of Yorkville." These were given jurisdiction "over all the streets and roads lying within half a mile of the courthouse of the said village," and had authority to work all the people of the village liable to road duty not exceeding 12 days in each year. In 1840 A. S. Hutchison, George Steele and Stanhope Sadler were constituted commissioners of streets of the "village of Yorkville," and later on provision was made for the election of thfse commissioners by a vote of the people; but it was not until 1849 that the town of Yorkville was duly Incorporated as a municipality. The first town officers under the first charter were elected on January 11, 1850, as follows: W. I. Clawson, in tendant; Stanhope Sadler, F. M. Galbraith, F. H. Simril and B. T. Wheeler, wardens. The name of York county, according to Mills, "may be traced back to York in Pennsylvania, from whence some of the first settlers came"; but from there, of course, the name of the county is traceable back to York, England. If the name of the town of Yorkville has ever been legally or historically other than is now, we are aware of no historical record of the fact, and we have yet to hear of any good reason why it should be changed, even though the change would not involve certain confusion and expense, or possibly unnecessary litigation. ? During the ten days beginning last Wednesday the Atlantic fleet is to undergo the severest test possible outside of actual war. with a view to demonstrating the worth of the American navy as a means of national defense. When the big fleet departed from the New York harbor Tuesday, Admiral Fletcher carried sealed orders to destroy a powerful red fleet coming ostensibly from Europe, to bombard the north Atlantic coast of the United States. This attacking fleet is not to be commanded by a foreigner, but by Rear Admiral Frank E. Beaty, U. S. X. The attack and defense will be made in accordance with plans mapped out by the naval war college at Newport, the president of which, Rear Admiral Knight, is to serve as umpire of the maneuvers. The actual details of the war game have not been disclosed, except the fa'-t that Admiral Fletcher and his big fleet of battleships and smaller craft will be expected to successfully defend the entire coast from Cape Hatteras to Eastport, Me., against bombardment of a possible landing by the "enemy." LOCAL AFFAIRS. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS Klrkpatrick-Belk Co.?Is making special values in oxfords, pumps and sandals for men, women, children. Thomson Co.?Calls special attention to low prices today and tomorrow on seasonable goods of quality. A millinery special. W. E. Ferguson?Has new vegetables, fresh fruits and offers evaporated apples and peaches at reduced price. Sherer & Quinn?Call attention to a barrel of genuine Porto Rico molasses. They want to supply you with horse *and chicken feed. C. A. Boney?Gives rates on hail insurance for cotton and corn per acre against hail damage. "Bobs"?See fourth page for reasons why "Bobs" is the chewiest of all chewing gums." All dealers sell it. Sam M. Grist, Agent?Suggests that you Aetna-ize yourself against financial loss in case of accident or illness. See page four. According to the late Rev. Dr. Robert Lathan, the first house built within the corporate limits of the present town of Yorkville, was erected by one David Dickson, near the residence at present occupied by Mr. J. C. Hope, on King's Mountain street. This was In 1774. The man who desires to drink in the exact meaning of the expression, "fields of waving grain," should take a trip along any of the York county roads. It has been many a year since the county has been able to make such a showing. The horee driven by Mr. Blakely Plexico of Yorkville, won the race open to trotters in Charlotte yesterday in connection with the Twentieth of May celebration in that city. The course was one-half mile and Mr. Plexico's horse made the distance In one minute, ten seconds. There were four entries, in the race. Mr. Jean Neely of Rock Hill, won the race open to pacers, his horse making the mile in one minute, nine seconds. It is a fact that the local registration is not nearly as full as it should be, and that many citizens who have all along been under the impression that they are duly qualified to vote will not be able to participate in the coming election. Some of these are disqualified because they have been laboring under the Impression that the club roll registration of last summer waf all that was necessary, and others Tiave been too careless or indifferent to secure registration certificates. It is all a notion that the farmers of York county are unable to raise sheep. It is not a notion, however, that there is no fiesh that is used for human diet that is more wholesome or palatable than mutton. It is almost as easy to raise mutton as it is chickens, and certainly as easy to raise sheep as it is to raise turkeys. The dog is a trouble, a danger and a menace, but even the dog does not necessarily stand in the way of profitable sheep raising if proper precautions are used. Mr. R. L. Devlnney of Ydrkvllle No 4, is another one of those citizens living in the rnuntrv. who would have the name of the town of Yorkvllle remain Yorkville. Speaking of the matter yesterday Mr. Devinney said: "They say that we people living in the country have nothing to do with this matter of changing the name of the town, and it is a fact that we are not allowed to vote in the matter. However I am interested just the same and so are hundreds of other York county citizens. If I could vote In the matter I would cast my ballot In favor of letting the name remain as it is, and I believe the majority of the voters of the town are going to let it remain Yorkville." The opening words of Dr. W. S. Currell, president of the South Carolina university, in his address to the people of Yorkville last night, were merely the spontaneous expression of a great and clean heart crying out for the preservation of a loved and cherished landmark. Dr. Currell was not a butter-in?not a meddler. He was reared in Yorkville, and the foundations of his education?religious, social, moral and academic?were laid here. As he stood before that audience, all the fondest, most pleasant and holiest memories of his life crowded in view across the fertile valleys of intellectual and spiritual vision, and he was no more capable of suppressing what he said than he was of denying his own honored name. That he had the full sympathy of the vast majority of the audience, men, women and children, was beyond question, and, if It had been possible for those present to vote, they would have stood by Yorkville by a majority of at least six to one; but unfortunately the people generally have very little say. WITHIN THE TOWN ? The taxpayers pay for it and they have a right to registration certificates. ? There will be only one voting precinct in the election to be held next Tuesday, May 21. The box will be at the office of Probate Judge L. R. Williams in the temporary courthouse. The managers of the election are: D. T. Woods, O. L. Sanders and R. J. Withers. ? It is to be hoped that there will be a full vote In the municipal election next Tuesday. The total vote in the general municipal election last summer was 207 out of a possible 238. This year the total number of qualified electors is about 245; and the total vote is a matter of considerable specula tfon. ? There was much interest yesterday in the drill of the High school boys In competition for the medal that is annually awarded to the best drilled man in the company. The drill was commenced at 6 o'clock p. m., and for more than an hour Prof. G. C. McCelvey held the boys down to the severest test he could put up. The entire company made a most creditable showing, and at the end the judges, Messrs. P. N. Moore and G. P. Berry, found it extremely difficult to decide between Russell Montgomery, Callie Plaxco, Ear'. Gaulden and Hal Mackorell. The medal was dually awarded to Earl Gaulden, on a basis of points and soldierly appearance. ? In a game marked by spectacular plays on both sides at times, and apparent listlessness at other periods, the nrntiPft school lost the last game of the year to the Rock Hill Graded school Wednesday afternoon, by a score of 7 to 5. Rock Hill took the lead early in the contest, scoring live runs in one inning. The local boys soon caught up however, and until the eighth inning the score was tied. Two errors and hits in the ninth gave Rock Hill a lead of two runs which the local boys could not overcome. The features of the game were three-base hits by Simrill and Plexlco of Yorkville when men were on bases. Frank Crawford played an excellent game at shortstop for 'the visitors. Both Garrison of York ville and Hunsucker of Rock Hill pitched a good game; but the Rock Hill twirler had a shade the better of it. The attendance on the game was the largest of the season. Batteries: Yorkville?Garrison and Mackorell; Rock Hill?Hunaucker and Simrill; umpire, Moore. MUNICIPAL REGISTRATION. This matter of municipal registration is a question that should receive more attention at the hands of the people of Yorkville than it has received heretofore. The law provides for the appointment of a municipal registrar and the payment of Jl a day for each day's service?ninety days at the beginning of his term and ten days for each special election. The custom heretofore has been for thft rpcrlotrnp tn Iphvp It to thft npnnlp who desire registration certificates to come to him, and made no special effort to register anybody voluntarily, except perhaps those he may especially desire to have registered. There is nothing in the law to prohibit or discourage the registrar from making a thorough canvass of the town and registering every citizen who is entitled to register. It is really the duty of the registrar to do this, and it is nothing more than the right of the citizen who is taxed to pay the registrar's salary, to have this done. There are more than fifty white men in Yorkville who are otherwise qualified electors, who are without registration certificates simply because the matter has not been brought to their personal attention, and these include some of the largest taxpayers. This matter of registration should be looked after more carefully and the town council should require of the registrar that he attend to his work more closely. Under the law the registrar is entitled to $1 a day for 85 days before a general election. If, in a town like this, the registrar should give the matter attention, by a proper canvass, he could register 90 per cent of the qualified voters in a week, and then take the balance at his leisure. It is as much the fault of the registrar as it is of the people that the registration is no greater than it is. ABOUT PEOPLE Mrs. W. S. Love of Sharon, is visiting relatives in Rock Bill. Mrs. S. J. Hambright of Smyrna, is visiting relatives in Rock Hill. Mr. J. W. Kirkpatrick of Yorkville, was a visitor in Charlotte this week. Rock Hill Herald: Mrs. E. T. McLaln is visiting relatives in Hickory Grove. Mr. T. M. Spencer of Yorkville, is Visiuns several uu;o vyuu rciaum u.1 Smyrna. Mrs. N. T. Simpson of Rock Hill, is the guest of Mrs. J. L. Williams in Yorkvllle. Mr. W. A. Jackson of Columbia, Is spending a few days with relatives on Filbert No. 1. Mrs. J. Boyce Talbert of Hickory Grove, spent several days with relatives in Rock Hill this week. Miss Willie Plaxico of Tennessee, Is spending a few days with relatives and friends In Hickory Grove. Misses Mary and Annie May Harshaw of McConnellsville, are visiting relatives and friends in Yorkvllle. Mr. R. S. Moore has returned to his home in the Delphos section, after spending several days in Charlotte. Dra W. G. White and J. I. Barron of Yorkvllle, attended the meeting of the Fifth District Medical society in Chester this week. Capt. John D. McConnell and Mr. Reuben McConnell of McConnellsville, visited the family of Mr. John S. Jones in Yorkvllle this week. Drs. J. W. Campbell and E. W. Pressley of Clover, attended the meeting of the Fifth District Medical society in Chester Wednesday. At a recent meeting of the trustees of Filbert school, Misses Willie Grayson of Clover No. 4, and Lizzie Wood of Filbert, were elected assistant teachers. Mr. and Mrs. T. M. Ferguson of Columbia, are visiting the families of Messrs. H. E. and W. Ferguson in Yorkvllle and other relatives in this vicinity. Mr. Sam M. Grist, secretary and treasurer of the South Carolina Underwriters' association, attended the annual meeting of that body, which was in session at Chick Springs Wednesday and yesterday. Miss Elizabeth Faris of Rock Hill, who taught in the Smyrna school during the year just closed, has accepted a position as teacher of the first grade in the Winston-Salem, N. C., schools during the next school year. Kershaw Era: Miss Sudie Burke, who was the efficient teacher of the Sand Hill school for the term ended last Friday, left Monday to visit friends in Yorkville, before returning to her home at Mt. Croghan. A. R. Presbyterian: Rev. A. S. Rogers of Rock Hill, S. C., was with Rev. W. S. Patterson in communion service at Lancaster, S. C., last Sabbath. Rev. W. H. Stevenson is to assist Rev. B. G. Pressly at Hickory Grove, S. C., next Sabbath. Mr. and Mrs. James Adams of Bowling Green, have issued invitations to the marriage of their daughter, Miss Mary Martha, to Mr. Andrew Moffatt McGill, the ceremony to take place at their home at Bowling Green, Wednesday evening, June 2. Among the Yorkville people who attended the twentieth of May celebration in Charlotte yesterday, were Messrs. R. B. Plexico, A. D. Dorsett, W. T. Ashe, J. B. Pegram, W. B. McCleave, C. F. Sherer, W. T. Barron, G. W. Kunz, W. B. Thomasson, S. C. Wood. Walter Kerr. Rev. J. L. Oates returned Wednesday night from Woodruff, where he went to deliver an address on the work of the Boy Scouts. He was greeted by a large audience. Preliminary steps toward organization were taken and It is understood that twenty-two boys made application to stand the examination for the "tenderfoot" degree. Fort Mill Times: James W. Erwln, a well known resident of Fort Mill, lies desperately ill at his home on Arrtrey Hill, as a result of paralysis, by which he was stricken on Monday. Mr. Erwin has lost the use of his entire right side and has been semi-conscious since the disease attacked him. His condition yesterday evening was said to have shown little of any change. Miss Anne J. McLean and Mr. Alex Guion are to be married at the home 1 of the bride near Belmont, N. C., Wednesday evening, May 26. Miss McLean is the daughter of former Sheriff J. D. B. McLean of Gaston county, and has many friends in York county. The groom is a well known young man of Gaston county. Chester Reporter: Mr. R. B. Caldwell of this city; Mr. W. L. McCrorey of Blackstock; Rev. P. A. Drennan of Lowryville, and Rev. W. A. Hafner of ( Fort Mill, left yesterday evening on the Seaboard's handsome special for Newport News, Va., to attend the meeting of the Presbyterian general assembly. * * Mrs. W. P. Youngblood and three sons of Chester, are visiting the former's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jos. C. Kirkpatrick. Lancaster News: Hon. J. S. Glasscock of Harmony Grove, York county, has been spending a few days here with his son, Mr. A. B. Glasscock. Mr. Glasscock represented his county in the lower house of the state legislature for one or more terms. He is one of the progressive farmers of York county. * * * Miss Lillie Usher of the Dixie section, left Tuesday to visit friends in Charlotte, Clover and Gastonia, also to attend the commencement at Linwood, of which she' is an alumna, Messrs. R. S. McConnell, B. P. Smith and W. G. Pinley returned this morning from Greenwood, where they represented the Yorkville fire department at the State Fireman's tournament, held in that city this week. They report a pleasant and profitable trip. The next annual meeting of the firemen will be held in Orangeburg and the following officers will serve this year: Presl dent, J-iOUis nenreus, viiaii?iun, n>a>. vice president, O. K. LaRoque, Marion; second vice president, H. G. Wells, Newberry: treasurer, T. O. Flowers, . Rock Hill; secretary, H. S. Hood, Sumter. 1 GRADUATES RECEIVE DIPLOMAS. That Yorkville people always "get together" and attend the annual exercises in connection with the closing of school, was clearly shown by the large audience which filled the Graded school auditorium last evening to see twenty young men and women receive their diplomas and to hear the other pleasing attractions on the programme of the evening. The audience consisted not only of ladles and children but many men of Yorkville as well. There were present quite a number of people from the country surrounding. Easily the leading feature of the evening was the scholarly address of Dr. William Spencer Currell, president of the University of South Carolina, who from early chllhood until after he reached man's estate, was a citizen of Yorkville. Dr. Currell, throughout his address 01 aooui an nour, mixea tne numerous with the serious and in such manner as to drive the latter home with a forcefulness, the like of which was entirely new to the majority of his audience. G. W. S. Hart, Esq., chairman of the board of trustees of the Yorkville Graded school, announced the first number on the evening's programme ?a song by the school quartette, Misses Mary Speck, Sara Logan, Esther Ashe and Margaret Cartwright, following which he introduced the president of the graduating class, Miss Margaret Marshall, who delivered to the audience a brief address of welcome. Miss Sallle Sandlfer, class historian was presented and she read an interesting review of the interesting events in the lives of the graduating class during the past ten years, after which Russell Montgomery, class poet read the ode to the graduating class of 1915. He was followed by Miss Lucille Moore who read an interesting prophesy concerning each of the twenty graduates. Following a second number by the quartette, Miss Marshall, class president, in a happy little speech, introduced an adopted son, one who was raised in Yorkville and who, after spending years of study and of service in other states, had come back to give to us the benefit of his rich experience, Dr. William Spencer Currel, president of the University of South Carolina. "Mademoiselle President, members of the graduating class, ladies and gentlemen of Yorkville?not York," said Dr. Currell, in beginning his address. "Yorkville always has been good enough for me and always will be.' Tremendous applause from every section of the auditorium greeted this initial statement and Dr. Currell commented, "Ah, I see how the vote is going." This was followed by more cheers. The speaker complimented those members of the graduating class who had taken part in the exercises on their distinctness in enunciation, an asset that high school pupils in many parts of the state which he had visited, did not have. It was customary, he said, for a speaker to announce his subject because he feared that unless he did, it might be that some of his hearers might be in the position of the man in a story he had once heard. This man. having heard two learned lawyers discussing a case, was asked by a neighbor what they talked about, and, after some hesitation, he replied, "Why, I don't know, they never said." "Education, or the Larger Life," was the subject which he wished to Dring before the audience. It is desirable that every man and woman should have a great supply of reserve knowledge. Don't be satisfied with what you have done; bat make margins wider and wider. The speaker told of the tremendous reserve power at Niagara Falls, a power which if properly harnessed, could supply power not only for the city of New York, but the whole state as well. This power is not used now, however; but is merely held in reserve. If I were asked to name the most successful men of this town, I would name those who have a margin of knowledge over that necesary to satisfy a given task. There is no limit or very little limit to intellectual development?there is no limit to the development of the soul. When we cease to grow intellectually we begin to petrify. The word commencement, said Dr. Currell, means beginning?the beginning of a new life. It means going out into the world seeking new things. The more you know, the more you know you don't know. What is education? It is not knowledge; but power. It changes your whole life. The curse of our age is that we are craving over an increase of material things. Education should teach us to put mind above matter; to put soul above mind. That is where happiness comes in. What are some of the things we should develop? Our personality?not try to imitate somebody else. God doesn't repeat himself in any two of us?never intended to do so. Cultivate strong convictions of your own, advised Dr. Currell. Have opinions of your own. The story of the fox and the lion was recalled; A lion once asked a lamb the question, "Does my breath smell bad?" and upon the lamb's replying in the affirmative, the lion ate the lamb. Soon after the lion met a wolf and asked him the same question. The wolf having heard of the fate of the lamb, answered, "No," and the lion bit of the wolf's head for being a flatterer. Later, when the fox, who had heard the fate of the lamb and the wolf, was put to the test. He replied that he did not know, as he had a bad cold. The lion told him that this would do pretty well for the time being, but he would have to express himself when he got better. People always catch up with a fox, remarked the speaker. We have many who are afflicted with bad social colds and bad intellectual colds. The ancient Grecian runner had his eyes fixed on the statue of his gods. They were an Inspiration. You, said the speaker, addressing the youthful graduates seated on the stage, have something greater than heathen Mrs. R. M. Bratton presented the medal offered by the King's Mountain Chapter D. A. D., to the pupil writing the best esftiy on the subject "Thos. Jefferson." USrwin Belgerjof Columbia, to whom the-essays had oeen submitted for criticism, had decided that the '/ paper of Miss Margaret Marshall was best and she was presented with the medaL Miss Mary Alexander was awarded second place in the contest for this medal. After the presentation of prizes, Chairman Hart in a brief speech, presented the following young ladies and gentlemen with diplomas: Mary Alexander, Margaret Bratton, Mary Ferguson, Earl Gaulden, Audrey UI11 lOHIIC TV IOC, AbKV T* VilUl u< / Wallace, Gertrude Young; Bachelor of Science degree?Alice Rivers; Bachelor of Music degree?Sada Williamson. ? Denunciation of the financial practices of officers of the Riggs National bank and praise of the "ardor and enthusiasm" of Secretary McAdoo and Comptroller of the Currency Williams, characterized the argument last Wednesday of Samuel LJntermyer, counsel for the treasury officials, supporting the government's notion to dismiss the temporary in- , injunction obtained by the bank. Difflcuties between the bank and treasjry officials, Untermyer asserted were due not to the arbitrary use of power by the comptroller, but to re- J 'orms instituted by Secretary McAdoo and Comptroller Williams which ibolished "Illegal favors" the bank tad enjoyed. Penalties imposed by :he comptroller, he said, were legal ind fully justified. Untermyer reviewed allegations of "dummy loans," < it excessive loans to officers and of 1 stock brokerage business conducted )y the bank's officers through the tank in violation of the law, and aslerted that the comptroller was but jerforming his duty in insisting that ie be acquainted with details of these ransactions. "The comptroller had i right to know who was interested n these accounts and what security vas behind these loans," Untermyer laid, "and in no instance was a denand made for information by the :omptroller which was not justified >y conditions in the bank. He Is not o be criticised for the heat with vhich he insisted upon his demands, ie is rather to be complimented up>n the ardor and enthusiasm with vhich he performed his duty. The j efusal of the bank to comply cannot 1 >e justified. I supposed they had I >een so long the czars of Washington hat they were convulsed with rage ind disappointment when their conrol and their 'pipe line' to the treasiry collapsed together." Untermyer t vas particularly emphatic in his dis- ^ :ussIon of what he called the "pipe ine" between the Riggs bank, the Cational City bank and the treasury lepartment. Through this argument ie declared the banks received larger rovernment deposits without interest vhich in the case of the National City lank "was simply giving it to Wall treet speculators." Germany's Reply.?Germany's reply o the Lusltania note is nearly comileted, according to intimations which lave reached Washington through dipomatic channels. The return of Em>eror William from the eastern front s said to be awaited before the docunent is put into final form. It may each Washington next Tuesday or Vednesday. The issuance yeterday by the British oreign office of an explanation of deentions of American cargoes was reeived with much interest in official luarters. While the memorandum ex- # nams some or tne points tasen up in a lote under preparation to be sent to ?reat Britain, some officials said that he United States had obtained no satsfactory explanation of its original inItilry with respect to England's right o halt cargoes of noncontraband con- ' igned to neutral ports, which cannot ie blockaded under international law. Inman, William Jones, Janie Land, Hal < Mackorell, Margaret Marshall, Russell i Montgomery, Lucille Moore, Loueza ' Oates, Callie Plaxco, Willie Plaxco, 1 Wilma Qulnn, Kittle Sandifer, Sallie I Sandifer, Laura Marie Walker, Sarah < Wllkins, Irma Williams. J ? < LOCAL LACONIC8 ] Ogden Trustee Appointed. I The county board of education has J appointed Mr. Claude Ratterree a trus- ; tee of Ogden school district No. 14, to succeed W. M. Newsom, deceased. The j other trustees of the district are W. H. Dunlap and C. El Strait. I A Gold Hill View. Splinter's Gold Hill letter to the Fort j Mill Times: "You Yorkville people that . are striving to spoil the name of the , town, please go slow, now. We helped | you build a courthouse and we feel like ] we have a voice In naming the town. , Maybe you have got ruffled about the j gallon-a-month law. if so fight the j law and not the town." ( Fine Field of Oats. Mr. James A. Carroll, carrier of Fil- ' bert No. 1, who was in Yorkville Wed- | nesday evening, said that there were , many fine fields of oats on his route; | but that those of Mr. David Parrott j were among the best to be seen. Mr. | Parrott has a field of between twenty and thirty acres sowed in oats, and ac- | cording to many persons who have j seen them, they will be hard to beat. Switchman Lost Arm. Richard F. Bridges, a switchman ] employed in the yards of the Southern ( railway in Rock Hill, lost an arm in an , accident which occurred yesterday aft- ( ernoon. It seems that Bridges was climbing down from a box car in the | yards when he got in the way of fast i freight No. 76, which was coming ( through the yards. He was knocked t down and his arm was so badly mangled that amputation was necessary. [ He will recover from his Injuries. Want Nsw School Building. John E. Carroll, county superintendent of education, went to Bowling Green Wednesday, where he conferred with trustees and patrons of the Bowl- ! lng Green school, relative to the building of a new school house at that place. The meeting Wednesday was only in the nature of a preliminary discussion of the matter and no definite steps were taken. It is practically certain, however, that a new school house will be trected at Bowling Green. Fort Mill laauea Challenge. Fort Mill Times: Devotees of the game in this city believe that Fort Mill has the champion checker player of this section, and request the Times to issue a challenge to any white citizen of York county to meet the Fort Mill man In a series of games to be played in Rock Hill at any date within the next thirty days. Any person of the county who would like to contest honors with the Fort Mill champion, will please notify the Times and the games will be arranged. Lots of Grass. According to reports of farmers from all sections of the county, the heavy rains of the past few days have caused the grass to appear in the fields in abundance and, the person in great demand now is the man with the lioe. In many sections there is much more grass than there is cotton or corn and it is evident that much hard work will , have to be done during the next few days. According to some farmers, they are not experiencing much difficulty this year in getting hands. Will Soon Be Erected. It is understood that citizens of the Filbert section, who are interested in the erection of a state warehouse, will ( build the same Just across the railroad , from the depot and that work on the ( structure will be begun at an early date. With the completion of the warehouse at Filbert, it will be the third in York county to come under the state warehouse system, the warehouses of Mr. W. L. Hill of Sharon, and Messrs. Patrick Bros. & Smith ot I Bowling Green, already being under | sous to wnom to turn your eyes. mu have Jesus Christ. Your race is Just beginning:, the road will often be rugged and rough. Life Is a mountain road to Goo. Following Dr. Currell's address, Chairman Hart announced that the school will reconvene August 30. The medal given annually to the pupil making the best general scholarship, was awarded Miss Lucille Moore, of the Church Home Orphanage, whose general average was 92 5-9. Miss Loueza Oates, daughter of Rev. J. L. Oates, was awarded second place in the contest for this medal, her average for the year being 92 1-9, and Miss Janie Land, daughter of Mr. J. D. Land, was third with an average of 91 4-9. Earl Gaulden was awarded the medal annually awarded to the best drilled boy in the school military company. Mr. Gualden also won the medal awarded the best speller, but was disqualified to receive the same, due to the fact that he also won the medal last year. The medal was awarded to Miss T,ur>ille Moore, while Misses Sal lie Sandifer and Ruby Devinney were tied for third honors. Miss Mary Williams, president of the Winnie Davis Chapter, U. D. C., presented the annual medal awarded the pupil writing the best essay on a given subject. The subject of the essay this year was "Thos. J. Jackson," and Professor Yates Snowden of the University of South Carolina, who was asked to judge the essays, decided that Miss Lucille Moore should have the medal. Miss Loueza Oates was second in this contest. Miss Sallie Sandifer third and Miss Margaret Marshall fourth. state supervision. Derailment On C. 4. N.-W. C. & N.-W. passenger train No. 10, left the track about 100 yards north I of Crowder*8 Creek trestle yesterday! afternoon, and arrived in Yorkvillel about five hours late. The train was in charge of "Uncle Bob" Smyre, the veteran engineer and all the coaches! and the tender were derailed. The 1 cause of the accident is unknown. The train was crowded with passengers re| turning from the celebration in Charlotte, and the derailment caused considerable excitement. No one received I the slightest injury, however. A wreck-I ing crew was summoned from Chester,! but the derailed train had regained the I; track before its arrival and the two I ( trains met at Clover. Cannon Food. |i That agents of the allied nations of Europe are not yet through with their I' purchases of horses in the United!I States, is evidenced by the fact that! many carloads of horses are passing! over the main line of the Southern, I bound for Newport News, from which I port they will be shipped abroad. On I last Sunday a train of seventeen cars, 11 carrying approximately 510 horses, r passed through Blacksburg bound fori1 Newport News. A casual inspection of I j the horses developed the fact that they 11 were not "plug" animals by any means, I' but were as fine as any to be seen in I j this community. It is understood that I the shipment came from Texas and!1 that many more carloads are to be I' shipped abroad from that state. Directors Elected. Il About 200 people attended a public > meeting of the Rock Hill Chamber of 11 Commerce Tuesday night. The feature 11 of the occasion were addresses-by John I' Wood, secretary of the Roanoke, Va., I* Chamber of Commerce, and Dr. C. B. M Waller, professor of chemistry In Wof-1 < ford college, and a commissioner of I* the city of Spartanburg, and Dr. D. B. 11 Johnson, president of Winthrop col- I lege. Refreshments were serving dur-1 s lng the evening and a number of mu-|I slcal attractions added much to the 11 pleasure of the occasion. An election 11 of directors to succeed those whose It terms had expired, resulted In the elec- I I tion of the following: D. L. McDonald, t Ohas. R. Weeks, R. L. Sturgis, J. S. I s White, John Reed. ? Rock Hill Inaugurates Chaingang. K A city chaingang has been inaugu-|t rated in Rock Hill, three men convict- I \ ed in the recorder's court of that city, 11 having been put to work upon the c streets Wednesday morning. H. B. Mc- \ Guire has been appointed as overseer r of the gang. While the Rock Hill au- 11 thorities have asked Supervisor Boyd 11 for the prisoners who were convicted 11 in Rock Hill and are now on the coun- a ty chaingang, they have not sent forjt these men, and will hardly do so, since I v there are not more than three or four, v and they have only a few days more to I c serve. On account of the new gang h the county gang will doubtless be|> somewhat smaller in the future and the c experiment in Rock Hill will be watch-1l ed with interest, since many people are g of the opinion that It will not remain \ sufficiently large to pay expenses. t Filbert School Closes. 8 Filbert school closed its eight months term yesterday and contrary to the usual rule this spring, there was no 11 public entertainment held in connection r with the closing. The school has had li a very large enrollment the past year 11 and the patrons are well pleased with 1 the progress made by the children, i Filbert boasts one of the finest rural r school buildings in the county and also r a school improvement association sec- 1 ond to none. Filbert school is located in district No. 21. The school trustees If are J. J. McCarter, A. J. Parrott and t W. B. Keller, and the teachers during c the past year were misses Amuf i son. Pearl Knox and Lizzie Woods. P The latter is the only one of the teach- r ers who will teach at Filbert next year, f The teachers treated the school chil- t dren to a picnic and ice cream supper ii in celebration of the closing yesterday, h Medical Society Meets. s The Fifth District Medical society b was held in Chester Wednesday In the Commercial club of that city, the soci;ty being called to order by the presiient, Dr. E. W. Pressly of Clover, Mayjr z,eb Vance Davidson of Chester, in in appropriate address welcomed the physicians to Chester. Papers on the [oliowing subjects were read during :he day: "Cnronic Arthritis," by Dr. j. T. Tyler of Greenville; "Diagnosis jf Diphtheria," by Dr. F. A. Coward of Columbia; "The Little Things in Medicine," by Dr. E. VV. Pressly of Clover; 'Clinical Significance of Abdominal Pain," by Dr. J. J. Watson of Columbia; "Relation of the Urologist to the General Practitioner and Surgeon," by Dr. Charles A. Mobley of Rock Hill. Jtflcers for the ensuing year were elected as follows: President, E. W. Pressly, Clover; vice presidents, Dr. Samuel Lindsay of Winnsboro and Dr. Et. T. Ferguson, Gaffney; secretary and :reasurer, Dr. G. A. Hennies, Chester.% The attending physicians were the guests at a banquet given at the Carolina Inn. Kirkpatrick-Clark. A surprise marriage of Wednesday was that of Miss Lillian Kirkpatrick to Mr. W. Mason Clark, which occurred it the Presbyterian parsonage in Chester, Rev. Dr. A. D. P. Gilmour offlciat- > ing. The young couple had decided to teep the marriage a secret from all and took no one into their confidence save Mr. A. L. Black, who drove them to Chester Wednesday evening. Immeiiately after the ceremony they drove to the residence of the groom's father, Mr. D. C. Clark, on Yorkville No. 1, where they will reside. Mrs. Clark is the daughter of Mr. J. C. Kirkpatrick, county commissioner, and is a young lady of many fine traits of character. She has taught in the public schools of the county for several years and has a wide acquaintance. Mr. Clark is enarnjred In farmlne. He is also substi tufe mail carrier on Yorkville No. 1. Linwood Commencement. Commencement exercises are to be held at Linwood college, which is near Qastonia, next week, beginning Sunday, and invitations to the closing exercises have been received by many York county people. There are a number of York county girls and boys attending the institution and several of them will graduate this year. Invitations sent out from the college this week announce the names of the following graduates and partial graduates who will receive diplomas and certificates next week: Full graduates? Louise Blakeney, William Ira Falls, ^ Mary Emma Ferguson, Cecil Zulee Funderburke, Macie Stevenson Garrison, Jemima Bthel Green, Maggie Aletha Jenkins, Edith Rose McGlll, Annie Elizabeth McCarter, Annie Barnes Minter, Mary Alma Pressley, Inez Pressley, Jennie May Simpson, Martha Mills Steele, Sara Cole White, Mary Lois Whitesides, Laura Snow Yates, Emma Wltherspoon; partial graduates ?Irene Bolt, Lulu Margaret Boyd, Mary Hicklin* Myrtie Cora Jenkins, Loy Elizabeth McLain, Macy Boyce Oates, Mary Ethel Scogglns, Judson Llngle Shannon, OUie Mae Wltherspoon, Lula Ellen Williams. Winthrop Commencement. Many people throughout York county have received invitations to the commencement exercises of Winthrop college, which will be held next Monday and Tuesday. The following young ladies will receive diplomas from the institution: Bachelor of Arts degree? Alta Anderson, Christine Anderson, Jessie Anderson, Mary Herbert Attaway, Laura Bailey, Clifford Barratt, Ruth Berry, Ernestine Bonneau, Grace Bonneau, Pamela Bradham, Claudia Brown, Anna Brown, Agnes Bryan, Mary Butler, Alma Chapman, Margaret Cheyne, Isabel Clarke, Saidee Clarke, Helen Coker, Edith Cole, Eulalie Coleman, Elizabeth Connelly, Eulalte Cook, Emma Cooper, Mary Craig, Ruth Crouch, Aurelia Cunningham, Agnes Curlee, Julia Cuttlno, Mary Lou Dibble, Jennie May Dill, Minnie Drake, Susie Dick, Amy Eaddy, Edith Easterlln, Madge Edwards, Sarah Edwards, Susie Edwards, Blanche Edwins, Pancy Edwins, Rose Ehrich, Louise Elmerson, Essie Ergle, Edna Etheredge, Mabel Leigh Evans, Mary Fletcher, Nathalie Forsythe, Annie Gantt, Olive Gandy, Tinnle Garrison, Annie Mae Gentry, Marguerite Goodwin, Hattle Googe, Marie Gregory, Lucile Gunter, Charlotte Harrall, May Harrelson, Florence Hemingway, Harriet Hanks, Mary Hickson, Kate Hines, Ella Hunter, Lola Hunter, Ella Jacobs, Rebecca Tames, Winnie Jeans, Martha Jenkinon, Susie Johnson, Kathryn Josey, Eunice Keel, Annie Lee Langford, Louise Lide, Katherlne Lindsay, Clare Lowman, Helen Martin, Kathryn Mayes, Frances Mellette, Mary Mellette, Anna Roddey Miller, Frances May Milling, Bennie Moore, Norma Moore, Helen McDill, Grace McDowell, Fay McHugh, Florence Mcintosh, Annie May McLendon, Virginia Owens, Marie Philpot, Adele Pitts, Blanche Plexico, Lottie Poole, Julia Porter, Susie Powell, Charlotte ,Pyatt, Elliott Quinn, Grace Deagin, Martha Richard- j son, Frances Riley, Meta Rogers, Nora , Rogers, Katie Rogers, Maggie May Seale, Evie Shands, Floy Shealy, Louise Sowell, Blanche Stewart, Valeria Still, Elizabeth Stribling, Grace Stribling, Lilian Swetenberg, Carrie Smoak, Lula Therrell, Flora Timmons, Helen ? { Tolbert, Madeline Truesdale, Annie A* Thomas, Sammie Waldrep, McKella Watson, Ruby Williams, Ethel Winn, nri-a a?1U Mnrv