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|^^XJED SEMI-WEEKL^ t. m. grist's sons, Pubii.her.,} S 4ami,5 Starsw: ^or ,h? ?)f <M |?liiical, Social, Jigricultura! and Commercial Snlcrcsls of 1k< fleopl?. J ,E""^'o^K0?(>iv'"" J"CEAN?^"ce' ESTABLISHED 18515. YORKVILLE, 8. C., FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1911. NO. 62. ' - - - ? " ~ ? " | 3535353535353535 3 IWROOl <? ===== ^ BY THOM* "JBSf Copyright, 1911, b Pub. by Doubleday, BOOK III?THE FLOWER. CHAPTER III?Continued. Again and again he was on the point of giving up the struggle. It seemed utterly hopeless. It took two hours of desperate bat- i tling to make half a mile through the white, blinding, freezing, roaring wa- < ters. 1 The yacht now lay but three hundred feet away from the edge of the marsh, i Stuart could see her snow-white side t glistening In the phosphorescent waves as they swept by her. The lights were i gleaming from her windows and he could see Nan's figure pass in the cab- < in. i As he stood resting a moment before 1 he made the most difficult effort of all I to row the last hundred yards dead to i the windward he caught the faint notes ] of the piano. She was playing, utterly i unconscious of the tragic situation in i which the two men stood but a hun- i dred yards away. The little schooner i was still aground resting easily on her I flat bottom in the mud, where the tide i had left her as it ebbed. Unless she 1 went on deck. It was impossible for I Nan to realize the pressure of the wind, t She was playing one of the dreamy waltzes to which she had danced i amid the splendors of the great ball. 1 The music came over the icy waters i accompanied by the moan and shriek I of the wind through the rigging with j unearthly weird effect. i "Say, why do we stop so much?" ] Bivens growled. "I'm freezing to i death. Let's get to that yacht!" I "We'll do our best," Stuart answer- ] ed gravely, "and if you know how to , pray now's your time." < "Oh, Tommyrot!" Bivens said, con- temptuously. I can throw a stone to | her from here." , "Get in!" Stuart commanded. "And i lie down again flat on your back." | Bivens obeyed and the desperate | fight began. I * "?- *? ?1.?? . He maae me nrtu icw an unco nuu his oars successfully and cleared the shore, only to be driven back against It with a crash. A wave swept over the little craft dashing its freezing waters into their faces. Stuart drew his hand across his forehead and found to his horror the water was freezing before he could wipe It off. He grasped Bivens's hands and found a cake of ice on his wrist. He shoved the boat's nose again into the wind and pulled on his oars with a steady, desperate stroke, and she shot ahead. For five minutes he held her head Into the sea and gained a few yards. He set his feet firmly against the oak timbers in the boat's side and began to lengthen his quick, powerful stroke. He found to his Joy he was making headway. He looked over his shoulder and saw that he was half way. He couldn't be more than a hundred and fifty feet and yet he didn't seem to be getting any nearer. It was now or never. He bent to his oars with the last ounce of reserve power in his tall sinewy frame, and the next moment an oar snapped, the boat spun round like a top and in a minute was hurled DacK neipiess on me mm ail. ( As the sea dashed over her again ( Bivens looked up stupidly and growled: . "Why the devil don't you keep her straight?" t Stuart sprang out and pulled the j numbed man to his feet, half dragged , and lifted him ashore. ( "Here, here, wake up!" he shouted in his ear. "Get a move on you, or you're , a goner." He began to rub Bivens's i lee-clad wrists and hands, and the little man snatched them away angrily. "Stop it!" he snarled. "My hands ( are not cold now." "No. they're freezing," he answered ( as he started across the marsh in a dog trot, pulling Bivens after him. The ( little man stood it for a hundred ( yards, suddenly tore himself loose and , angrily faced his companion. "Say, suppose you attend to your own hide?I can take care of myself." "I tell you, you're freezing. You're getting numb. As soon as I can get your blood a little warm we've got to wade through that water for a hundred yards and make the yacht." "I'll do noi ing of the sort," Bivens said, with dogged determination. "I'll stay here till the next tide and walk out when the water's ebbed off." Stuart shook him violently and shouted above the shriek of the wind. "Do you know when that will be, you fool?" "No, and I don't care. I'm not going to plunge into that icy water now." "The tide won't be out again before four o'clock tomorrow morning." "All right we'll walk around hero until four." "You'll freeze to death. I tell you! Your hands and feet are half frozen now." "I'm not half as cold as I was," Bivens whined, fretfully. "You're losing the power to feel. You've got to plunge into that water with me now and we can fight our way to safety in five minutes. The water is only three feet deep, and I van lift you over the big waves. We'll be there in a jiffy. Come on!" He seized his arm again and dragged him to the edge of the water. Bivens stopped short, tore himself from Stuart's grip and kicked his shins like a vicious, enraged schoolboy. "I'll see you to the bottomless pit before I'll move another inch;" he veiled savagely. "Go to the devil and let me alone. I'll take care of myself, if you'll attend to your own business." Stuart folded his arms and looked at him a moment, debating the question as to whether he would wring his neck or just leave him to freeze. Bivens rushed up to the lawyer and tried to shake his half-frozen fist in his face. "I want you to understand, that I've taken all I'm going to front you today, Jim Stuart!" he fairly screamed. "Put your hand on me again and I'll kill you if I can get hold of one of these guns. 1 want you to remember that I'm master of millions." AS DIXON y Thomai Dixon. *jj|P P?a? 4 CO., N. Y. "Yesterday in New York," Stuart answered with contempt, "you were the master of millions. Here tonight, on this marsh. In this desert of freezing waters, you're an insect, you're a microbe!" "I'm man enough to take no more orders from a one-horse lawyer," Bivens answered, savagely. "All right, to hell with you!" Stuart said, contemptuously, as he turned and left him. He began to walk briskly along the marsh to keep warm. Nan was playing the soft strains of an old-fashioned song. He stopped and listened a moment in awe at the strange effects. The sob and moan of the wind through the yacht's shrouds and halyards came like the throb of a nidden orchestra, accompanying the singer in the cabin. The old song stirred his soul. The woman who was singing it was his oy every law of nature. The little shrivelled, whining Tool, who would die if he left him ;here, had taken her from him; not oy the power of manhood, but by the ure of gold that he had taken from :he men who had earned It. All he had to do tonight was to apply he law of self-interest by which this nan had lived and waxed mighty, and :omorrow he could take the woman he loved in his arms, move into his palace its master and hers. There could be no mistake about Nan's feelings, fie had read the yearning of her heart ivith unerring Insight. Vistons or a life of splendor, beauty and power with her by his side swept his imagination. \ sense of fierce, exultant triumph fill id his soul. But most alluring of all whispered joys was the dream of their love-life. The years of suffering and denial, of grief and pain, of bitterness ind disappointment would make i's Anal realization all the more wonderful. She was just reaching the maturity of womanhood, barely thirty-one, md had yet to know the meaning of love's real glory. "She's mine and I'll take her!" he cried at last. "Let the little, scheming, oily, cunning scoundrel die tolight by his own law of self-interest? I've done my part." Again the music swept over the white foaming waters. His heart was suddenly flooded with memories of his t>oyhood, its dreams of heroic deeds; his mother's serene face; his father's tiigh sense of honor; and the traditions )f his boyhood that make character noble and worth while, traditions that created a race of freemen before a dollar became the measure of American manhood. "Have I done my part?" he asked Aimself, with a sudden start. "If he nas his way he will die. Peevish, fretful, spoiled by the flattery of fools, he Is incapable of taking care of himself jnder the conditions in which he finds nimself. If I consent to his death am [ not guilty of murder? Out of the neart are the issues of life! Have I :he right to apply his own law? Could I save him in spite of himself if I made up my mind to do it? Pride and ceremony, high words and courtesy cut no figure in this crucial question. Could I save him if I could? If I can, and don't, I'm a murderer." He turned quickly and retraced his iteps. Bivens was crouching on his icnees with his back to the fierce, icy wind, feebly striking his hands together. "Are you going to fight your way with me back to that yacht, Cal?" he asked sternly. "I am not," was the short answer. 'I am going to walk the marsh till four o'clock." "You haven't the strength. You can't walk fast enough to keep from freezing. You'll have to keep it up eight hours. You're cold and wet and exhausted. It's certain death if you stay. That water is rising fast. In ten minutes more it will be dangerous to try it. Will you come with me?" "I've told you I'll take my chances here and I want you?" He never finished the sentence. Stuart suddenly gripped his throat, threw him Hat on his back, and while he kicked and squirmed and swore, drew a cord from his pocket and tied his hands and feet securely. Paying no further attention to his groans and curses, lie threw his little, helpless form across his shoulders, plunged into the water and began his struggle to reach the yacht. It was a difficult and dangerous task. The weight of Bivens's inert form drove his boots deep into the mud, and the wind's gusts of increasing fury threatened at almost every step to hurl them down. Again and again the waves broke on his face and submerged them both. Bivens had ceased to move or make a sound. Stuart couldn't tell whether he had been strangled by the freezing water or choked into silence by his helpless rage. At last he struggled up the gangway, tore the cabin door open, staggered down the steps into the warm, bright saloon, and Oil in a faint at Nan's feet. The doctor came in answer to Iter screams and lifted Bivens to his stateroom, while Nan bent low over the prostrate form, holding his hand to her breast in a close, agonizing clasp, while she whispered: "Jim. speak to me! You can't die yet, we haven't lived!" He sighed and gasped: "Is he alive?" "Yes, in his stateroom there, cursing you witli every breath." The young lawyer closed his eyes, blinded with tears, murmuring over and over again: "Thank Clod!?Thank Clod!" CHAPTRR IV. The Mockery of the Sun. Stuart refused to talk to Nan, went abruptly to his stateroom, and spent a night of feverish dreams. His exhaustion was so acute, restful sleep was impossible. Through the night his mind went over and over the horror of the moment on that marsh when he had looked Into the depths of his own soul and seen the flames of hell. Between the times of dozing unconsciousness, which came at intervals, he wondered what had become of the two men in that disabled tender. He waited with dread the revelation the dawn would bring. He rose with the sun and looked out of his stateroom window. The bay was sheet of glistening Ice. The sun^wis shining from a cloudless sky and the great white field sparkled and flashed like a sea of diamonds. What a mockery that sunshine! Somewhere out on one of those lonely marshes it was shining perhaus on the stark bodies of the two men who were eating and drinking and laughing the day before. What did nature care for man's Joys or sorrows, hopes or fears? Beneath that treacherous ice the tide was ebbing and flowing to the throb of her even, pulsing heart. Tomorrow the south wind would come and sweep it all into the sea again. He wondered dimly If the God, from whose hands this planet and all the shining worlds in space had fallen, knew or cared? And then a flood of gratitude filled his soul at the thought of his deliverance from the shadow of crime. Instinctively his eyes closed and his lips moved in prayer: "Thank God, for the sunlight that shines in my soul this morning and for the life that is still clean; help me to keep it so!" Nothing now could disturb the serenity of his temper. He dressed hurriedly, went into the galley, made a Are and called Nan. He rapped gently on the panelled partition which separated their staterooms. He could hear her low, softly spoken answer as if there were nothing between them. "Yes, Jim, what is it? Are you ill?" "No, hungry. You will have to help me get some breakfast." "The cook hasn't come?" she asked in surprise. There was a moment's hesitation and his voice sounded queer when he quietly answered: "No." She felt the shock of the thought back of his answer and he heard her spring out of bed and begin to dress hurriedly. In ten minutes she appeared at the door of the galley, her hair hanging in glorious confusion about her face and the dark eyes sparkling with excitement. "What on earth does it mean, Jim?" she asked breathlessly. ' "Cal could tell me nothing last night except that he had gotten wet and chilled and you had carried him on board against his protest. When the doctor put him to sleep with a lot of whisky he was muttering incoherently about a quarrel he had with you. I thought you sent both tenders to the shore for mall and provisions. Why hasn't the cook returned ?" "He may never come, Nan." J'Why?Jim!" she gasped. "They started to tow us in, the engine broke down. I think the carbureter probably froze and they were driven before the wind, helpless. There's a chance in a thousand that they reached an oyster shanty and found shelter. We'll hope for the best. In the meantime you and I will have to learn to cook again, for a few days." "A few days!" Nan exclaimed. "Yes. The bay is frozen. Our old guide is a good cook, but he's safe in harbor ashore. He had too much sense to venture out last night. He can't get here now until the Ice breaks up." Nan accepted the situation with girlish enthusiasm, became Stuart's as sistant and did her work with a smile. It was a picnic. She laughed at the comical picture his tall figure made in a cook's apron and he made her wear a waitress' cap tyhich he improvised from a Japanese paper napkin. The doctor pronounced the meals better than he had tasted on the trip. Bivens was still in an ugly mood and refused to leave his stateroom or allow any one but the doctor to enter. He was suffering intense pain from his frost-bitten fingers and toes and ears, and still cherished his grudge against Stuart. He refused to believe there was the slightest necessity for such high-handed measures as he had dared to use. He had carefully concealed from both the doctor and Nan just what had occurred between them on the trip that day. On the second morning after the freeze a light dawned on the little man's sulking spirits. During the night the ice softened and a strong southerly breeze had swept every piece of it to sea. Again the bay was a blue, shimmering mirror, reflecting the flying clouds, and the marshes rang with the resounding cries of chattering wild fowl. It was just tune ociock, anu nun was busy humming a song and setting) the table for breakfast, when Stuart heard the distant drum-beat of a tender's engine. The guide was returning from the shore, or the lost tender had come. If it were the guide he would | probably bring news of the other men. His course lay over their trail. He threw off his cook's apron, put on his coat, sprang out of the galley, and called below. "A tender is coming. Nan. Don't come on deck until I tell you." The smile died from her beautiful face as she answered slowly: "All right. Jim." In a moment he came back down the companion-way and spoke in quiet tones: "It's just as I expected. They are both dead. The guide found them on the marsh over there, frozen." "The marsh you and Cal were on?" she asked breathlessly. "Yes. Both of them were kneeling. They died with their hands clasped in prayer." "And vou saved Cal from that?" she gasped, uiid turning, tied into her stateroom. He went in t<> ehange Ids clothes and help lift the bodies on deck. Through the panelled wall he heard Nan softly subbing. Hivens refused at first to believe the doctor's startling announcement. He hurriedly dressed, came on deck, and for five minutes stood staring into the White, dead faces. Without a word he went below and asked the doctor to call Stuart. When his old friend entered, lie look his hand quietly and for once in his I life the little, black, piercing eyes were swimming in tears as he spoke. "You're a great man, Jim, and what'i bigger, you're a good one. If Ood will forgive me for the foolish things 1 said and did yesterday, I'll try to make it up to you, old boy. Is it all right?' Stuart's answer was a nod, a smile and a pressure of the hand. (To be Continued.) FIGHTING THE COUNTERFEITER e 1 1 n l unma aria cngiana uoponu vh m? Death Penalty to Deter oFrgers. To say that Americans make th best bank notes in the world may sound at first rather boastful, and yel any history of the art and industry of note engraving which failed to record that fact would be incomplete. Paul Revere was the first American banknote artist, and from the time of the chartering of the Bank of North America under the direction of Robert Morris, in 1781, up to the present, American engravers have excelled not only in the artistic quality of their designs, but in their provisions against counterfeiting. Marco Polo found bank notes In China ages ago, printed on paper made from the bark of the mulberry tree. One of the notes, upon which the great Venetian traveler himself may have gazed, is on exhibition at this day in the office of an American company. It is one of a series issued by the Ming dynasty about 1399 A. D. [ ?"current anywhere under heaven" ?and seems to have Been printed from wooden blocks on a sheet of paper 9 by 13 inches?a bigger surface than any man could cover with both hands outstretched. It Is good for "one string of cash." The provision against forgery is simple to the point of severity?"Counterfeiters hereof will be executed. Persons giving information of counterfeiters will be rewarded with taels 250, and, in addition, will receive the property belonging to the criminal." The head of the emperor who gave the order and the lopped heads of the counterfeiters have long since mouldered into impalpable dust, the property of the criminal vanished, and left not so much as a shade, but the faded old bank note, pressed between sheets of glass and framed in carved teak, still croaks its harsh warning to him who can understand it. Another great government has placed much dependence upon death as a deterrent to imitators of its promises to pay. When Jacob Perkins, of Newburyport, Mass., invented the method of transferring designs from hardened steel plates to steel cylinders and retransferring to fiat plates, thus enabling the engraved to devote the time necessary to accomplish his best work in the original and reproduce it at will, the new process aroused international interest. Mr. Perkins and his associates went to London In 1819, at the instance of the British minister at Washington, to help the Bank of England issue notes not easily counterfeited. But the conservative old bank refused to adopt the new method, preferring as one of the Americans said, to rely upon the hangman rather than the engraver. Nevertheless, the English began in time to follow American methods, after the geometric lathe had been invented by Asa Spencer, of New London, Conn., and Improved by Cyrus Durand. The governments of continental Europe depend exclusively upon color work to protect their paper currency, and several of the large banks of issue have civil engineers in charge of their bureau of engraving and printing? though what connection there may be between engineering and engraving is a mystery. Many Italian bank notes are easy to counterfeit. The Bank of Spain has of late abandoned its own plant, because its notes were imitated so successfully that counterfeits were accepted by the bank without question. A private concern now does the work. The Bank of Greece now uses the American method, having had sad experiences with notes of Austrian, German and English fashioning. A myth that probably will never die tells us that the notes of the Bank of England cannot be counterfeited. As a matter of fact, they can be imitated readily enough, for little attempt is made to protect the notes beyond the use of a water-mark paper. The water-mark can be easily copied. A sensitized gelatine film, soaked in cold water, after contact with an original water-mark will show every detail in clear relief. A thin film of copper deposited upon this forms the basis upon which a matrix in celluloid is made. If a sheet of paper is pasted upon this matrix and rubbed with glass-paper, the exact water-mark is reproduced. Nevertheless, the shadow of the hangman still seems to deter En,glish counterfeiters. One practical safeguard of great effectiveness is the custom of the Bank of England to cancel every note that is returned to the bank and issue another in its place. This and the practice of keeping a record of the numbers of all banknotes used in every business establishment, keep alive a keen sense of responsibility, which adds to security. The custom of circulating soiled banknotes, of course, gives the coun iv-iicuci ma i pjmji lui.iiy. r orrery is much more readily detected in a crisp, stiff, new bill than In a rumpled and dirty one. The United States government recently has begun to wash old notes, press them and restore them to circulation. Probably the process of evolution will lead us in time to depend upon the printing press rather than the laundry. The American style of banknote has become the standard in the countries of Central and South America. The experience of the Brazilian government led the way in this, after various disappointments. First the much vaunted Austrian system was tried, the notes being engraved and printed In England under that system. They proved a complete failure. Counterfeiters flourished. The Brazilians tried banknotes made In France, and these were promptly and extensively imitated u soon as the counterfeiters could get toeir plates and paper ready. Brazil tried Herman and English establishments, but still without securing protection to (he banknote circulation. and at last turned to the United States and found a type of bills practically impossible to counterfeit. So it is no boast but a mere record of fact to state that Americans make the best banknotes in the world.?Detroit Xe vs. George Was a Cheerful?An Ingenious young man once took his fiancee to church in a small country village and when the time for "collection" came around he rather ostentatiously displayed a silver dollar. Presuming upon their engagement, the young woman placed a restraining hand upor the arm of her fiance. "Don't l?e so extravagant, George!' she exclaimed. "Oh, that's nothing," he replied. "1 always make a point of giving a dollni when I go to a strange church." Just then the deacon came with tht plate, and George dropped a coin. Everything seemed favorable, and tht young man beamed with a sense ol generosity. Then the minister gavt out the notices for the week, and concluded with the wholly unexpected announcement of the day's collection. "The collection today," said he "amounted to 9a cents." George hadn't much to say all tht way to his lianeee's home.? Houston < 'hronide. ' piscrllatuous grading. TROUBLE IN MOROCCO. I Summary of Events Leading Up to Threatened War. The war cloud of the world Is now hovering over Morocco and the peace of Europe Is threatened by the condition of affairs In the Sultanate on the " northwestern coast of Africa, opposite Gibraltar. In point of fact It Is ' nothing new for Morocco to be In the limelight and It Is not so many years " ? '- J It TTntto.1 I ago wnen 11 looaeu ua u mc u??w. States might have to send an army ; there to punish the famous bandit, Raisuli, who captured a citizen of the United States and held him for ransom. But that was only a bubble compared with the present situation in which France, Germany, England and Spain are involved and from which all sorts of international complications are liable to arise. The Moroccan question might have been settled years ago in a manner satisfactory to England, France and Spain?the three nations whose material interests are closest to Morocco? had it not been that the German emperor at a critical moment landed from a warship at the port of Tangier and in a dramatic way announced in a speech that Germany, had Interests In Morocco which must be recognized and further announcing that the sultan of Morocco could rely on Germany for protection. jThat was on March 31, 1905, when Abdul Aziz was sultan. Since then Abdul, has been dethroned and an older brother is on the uncertain throne?Mulai Hafld. The royal house of Morocco is descended from All, son-in-law of Mahomet the prophet, and this fact is of some moment to the entire Mahometan world. It is a fact which has always given the great powers some concern, i The result of the kaiser's visit to Tangier was an international conference at Algers a few months later, 1 at which the status of Morocco In the affairs of the world was outlined and the Interests and Influences of the different powers in Morocco and in the internal uffalrs of the country were cleariy defined. The Important thing was that the irntuor hnri hluffed France and Eng land into recognizing Germany as a factor in Moroccan affairs, although at the time the commercial interests of Germany were very slight in Morocco, nor have they grown to any very great extent since then. But that is only of minor consequence to Germany, although it was the excuse she gave for her action at the time; the real object was that Germany was determined to butt into the affairs of Morocco and block If possible the further growth of French territory in northern Africa and British commercial influence in Morocco. The French have acquired enormous territory In Africa since 1834, when they seized Algiers. From Algiers they have spread east to Tunis and Tripoli and south across the Sahara desert around Morocco to the Atlantic and as far south as the Congo free state which the late King Leopold of Belgium organized and which Is still under the sovereignty and government of Belgium. About a decade ago France seized the Island of Madagascar on the east coast of Africa?an empire in Itself. The tremendous activity of France in Africa has only been equaled by England and in fact the French seizure of Madagascar was winked at by England and regarded as a fair exchange for the control of Egypt which England has wrested from the French. All Germany was able to get out of the African scramble was a ouple of pieces of territory of uncertain value, which have cost her dearly to maintain, on the east and west coast, south of the equator. Germany wants more territory, but 1 she has been blocked in most of her moves for territory by both France and England. She got a bit of China, but the alliance between England and Japan has blocked her ambitions in the far east; she got Samoa in the Pacific, but the United States blocked her further ambitions in that part of the world, as it has in South America. Germany has a railroad concession through Turkey to Bagdad and the Red sea, but England has blocked her in the matter of a Red sea terminus and the Parisian bourse refuses to list the Bagdad railway securities. So Germany is sore and she is looking everywhere for a pretext to butt in and get some territory. So Morocco has become once more the scene of Germany's impatience. She has set up her flag of defiance in the port of Agadir, which is the nearest port of any real consequence to i Gibraltar, where the English are in control. As all French vessels have ; to pass through the straits of Gibraltar going in and out of the Medlteri ranean sea, the attitude of Germany ! is of more than passing interest to vmnrn All English commerce to South Africa and Australia and South America must pass by Agadir, and In point of fact Agadir Is the nearest port in the eastern hemisphere to South America. That is one good reason why England Is excited over Germany's attitude. So much for the International asi peet of the Moroccan question. It is i necessary to go back to the Algeclras ' conference of 1905 to properly understand the present pretext of Germany 1 By that conference France was given 1 police powers in nearly all of Moroc' co except a strip on the north of the Riff mountains. This, Spain was given a certain authority over and she has had lots of trouble in exercising her > limited authority over tlie wild Riff i tribesmen. It will be recalled that there were riots in Barcelona three years ago be1 cause of the military defeats inflicted I on the Spaniards by these tribesmen. ' Since then Spain has been strength1 ening her position by means of fortifications and roads in the Riff country and France has not been any too pleased at Spanish activity. France, however, was given far the largest contract by the Algeclras con1 ference. It meant that France must ; protect all foreign interests in one of the most turbulent nations in the ' world, in which tribal chiefs and governors of provinces are all powerful and ever ready to plunder each other. The traditional policy of Morocco has been one of Isolation from the > world. The natives are fanatical Mohammedans. They detest Christians, ! and merely tolerate Jews. All Christians were slaves in Morocco up to ' 1 s 14. and piracy was not abandoned f until 1X17. The export of cereals and , many other articles has already been prohibited. ' The area of the country is 234.000 square miles?nearly as large as New England. New York. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and New Jersey. The r population is estimated at 8,000,000 1 ami tne largest city im rt-*?mo tal?with 130.001) people. The city of Morocco comes next with 50,000, , Tangier, 30.000 and Mequinez. 25,000. The internal trouble, or rebellion. which has led to the present condition p of affairs in Morocco, began in Mequinez about live years ago after Mu! lai Halid hud defeated his brother. Sultan Abdul Aziz, and was proclaim. ed sultan. Mulai Hafld had been governor of the province of Mequinez. and the people of that province es peciaily resented the domination of Christian influence In the affairs of the . government. The hatred of the people was especially aroused against France, and they expected the new sultan to at once proclaim a holy war and drive out all of the Christiana This Sultan Hafld did not choose to do, however, and the Berber tribesmen revolted against his government. The French were responsible for the safety of foreigners in Morocco and there was nothing left for France to do but take hold of the situation as it existed and quell the disturbance. The sultan was beseiged in his capital in March by the tribesmen, and the I lives of all foreigners were In danger. France dispatched a flying column to the relief of Fez from the post of Rabat. The sultan's troops in Fez were I a UllUfl tuiiilliaiiu ui mo r I riiv.11 ficnci ul. Mangln. Maj. Bremond, In command of 25,000 Moorish troops, fought his way from Tangier to Fez. He arrived at Fez before the flying column under Gen. Molnler. Mulai el Zin, who had been proclaimed sultan by the tribesmen, surrendered to Gen. Moinier and was granted a parole on his representation that he had been forced into the position by his followers. The French had restored order in Morocco. Then Germany becomes alarmed at ihc dominant influence which she thinks France has attained in Morocco an 1 fears that it will lead to the acquisition of further territory by France. She does not make any diplomatic representations to that effect, but she sends a warship to Agadir and then proclaims her fears to the world. It Is unofficially stated that Germany will abandon all claims in Morocco if France will cede her a part of the coast of French Congo, including the town of Libreville. This rumor has never been verified, however. It is clear that Germany is determined to force another conference of the European powers on the Moroccan question and make new demands. This will bring face to face two groups of nations, each group acting as one. One group welded together for mutual interests In what is known as the "triple alliance," consists of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. The other group welded together in an "entente cordiale" consists of France, Great Britain and Russia. The "entente cordiale" is simply a mutual understanding concerning affairs in Europe, but it is considered fully as binding as the "alliance," although the latter calls for actual phy sicai support, in case any or rne contracting parties should need it in certain stated emergencies. Where .Spain comes in is uncertain, but she is supposed to be with England, although her activity in Morocco has been considered unwarranted and in violation of the Algeciraa conference in France. On the other hand, the activity and influence of France in Morocco has aroused a 9trong national feeling in Spain. The combined naval strength of England, France and Russia is more than double that of the triple alliance in tonnage and nearly three times as great in officers and men. WONDERS OF SURGERY. Eyes and Limba Transplanted?Dead Tissues Made to Grow. Here are some of the recent wonders of surgery: Insanity due to neuralgic pain cured by trephining the skull and taking out the "fifth" nerve. Criminals restored to normal life by relieving a certain pressure on the brain. "New" bones formed by transplanting dead or living bones to living bodies. Whole joints removed and others put in their places. Kidneys transplanted from one animal to another. Skin taken from dead bodies Implanted into living ones. Skin removed from dead or living bodies kept "alive" in the laboratory by chemical means and made to grow. Legs of one dog made to grow on the body of another dog. Freckles taken from one person and grafted on another. Broken backs mended, skulls repaired with bones from some other part of the body, new faces made, dead nerves supplemented with nerves of animals; useless lungs, kidneys, spleens and stomachs removed; injured hearts, livers and other organs stitched; paralysis and "bad memory" cured by draining the spine or brain; brittle arteries re-enforced with gold wire. By means of a new kind of telescope the interior of the throat and lungs Is examined. New York surgeons nodded their heads in approval yesterday when they read a dispatch from Paris in which Dr. Borsch told the French Ophthalmological institute how he had cured a man's blindness by transplanting to the eye of the patient the front part of the eye of a dog, which had been sliced off for the purpose. Just before the grafting the front of the man's eye was cut away. The mended eye was kept in place by a glass cover and into it was injected a serum. Eye grafting Is only one of a number of wonderful things that have been done in New York by surgeons in the last few years. As far back at September, 1908, Dr. Henry R. Lesser grafted the corner from the eye of a rabbit upon the eye of a young man who had been blind for fifteen years. The result was a restoration of the man's sight. In June, 1910, Dr. Royal S. Copeland, Dean of the Flower hospital staff, brought the gift of eyesight to a woman who had been blind since infancy by transplanting over her own eye pupil a portion of the cornea from the eyeball of a man. Prof. Copeland in the same year grafted the cornea of r,f \fqthIo flat nnnn the left eyeball of Sing Long, a Chinese laundryman. In Yonkcrs, in February this year, surgeons took an eye out of a girl's head to get at a bullet. The eye was put back In the socket and the girl's sight was resumed as usual. In Philadelphia recently Miss Esther Heacock was cured of eyetwitching by paralyzing the tri-facial nerve. At the Rockefeller institute in this city, animal tissues have been grown away from the bodies of the animals whence the tissues came. Body cells have been caused to grow faster by transplanting. Thus the tissues of a five-year-old dog have been made to grow quicker than those of a puppy. Kidneys have been grafted from one cat to another. The legs of one dog have been put on another. The experiments now under way with the aid of the millions of money supplied by the elder John D. Rockefeller indicate the possibility of growing young men from old, of giving fresh brains to the aged and of creatine new forms of animal life. Tissues taken from living or dead animals are kept alive and made to grow. Thus a surgeon in the near future may always have on hand a well-selected stock of skin for grafting purposes, and the papers will not be called on to chronicle the pitiful stories of playmates, etc., who sacrifice their own skin for the sake of their injured comrades.?New York World. DOWNFALL OF COTTON BULLS. Many Men Have Tried to Corner the Market, But Nature Has Fooled Them. Various big bulls have dominated the cotton market for the last ten years. Conditions have favored them nearly every season. They have manipulated prices and had manufacturers almost at their mercy. They engineered corners and squeezes, tied up immense stocks of raw material and played hob with the textile industry. Incidentally the whole body of the people has had to pay the bill, for the price of cotton goods has increased 100 per cent or more. There were many indications that the reign of the cotton bulls would be continued through this year. On account of the high prices for raw cotton In recent years the acreage planted this season was immense?the biggest on record. The crop got a moderate start and then got various reverses. It rained too much in the Atlantic part of the cotton belt, and it did not rain at all In Texas, where nearly one-third of the crop is grown. The storehouses of the world were bare of cotton, and a short crop meant disaster. Speculative bulls fatten on disaster, and there was much rejoicing in their ranks. Every day added to the strength and security of their position until about six weeks ago. Then there was one of those reverses that come about once in a generation in the cotton country. It sprinkled In the southwest. Next It showered. Later on It rained. The parched earth drank up the moisture and it was grateful, but the rain only sank a short distance into the soil. Nexr day It rained some more, and the day after it rained again. There have been fine, generous, glorious rains at intervals since. All that was lost or seemingly lost in the cultivation and development of the crop was recovered and more, too. Cotton flourished famously. While it rained in Texas it cleared In the Atlantic states. The fields dried out, the weeds were checked and the plant grew gloriously. So It has con tinued ever since. Within a month or six weeks there has been such a marvelous change that from threatened disaster now the prospect is magnificent. Conditions are ideal. The greatest cotton crop the world ever has known is assured. With this change in conditions the price of spots and futures have declined rapidly. Within a month the shrinkage has been 176 points?nearly $9 a bale from the top price. And with the decline there have been more dethroning of cotton kings than the market has seen in a score of years. The cotton crop of this year is estimated conservatively at between 14,000,000 and 15,000,000 bales?some say 16,000,000. Taking the lower estimate, and figuring on the basis of lift cents a pound, this means that the value of the cotton crop this year will amount to about $860,000,000. The value of the by-products?cotton seed, llnters, etc.? will reach $175,000,000 more. The astounding total is more than a billion dollars. The goods that will be manufactured from this year's cotton crop will be worth more than three thousand millions of dollars. This huge crop is of immense importance not only to the United States, but to all the world. It means that the cotton spinners here and abroad will that has prevailed as long. It means that the cotton spinners here and abroad will be retarded no longer by the stringency that has prevailed so long. It means that the financial equilibrium of the country will be restored. Cotton sells for gold. Our exports of cotton are what maintain our supremacy and a favornh1? Imlflnre of trAde with EuroDe. Cotton diffuses more actual money than, perhaps, any other product of the earth. This unprecedented crop means a great deal to the railroads, the merchants and the manufacturers, south and north. , It means the larger buying of commodities. Its ultimate effect means the free interchange of many billions of dollars in all the markets of the world. Among the most picturesque of the figures that have dominated the cotton market for so long, but are now in eclipse is Eugene G. Scales. He came from north Texas. He made and lost two fortunes before he piled up his present one. Twice before he has been a millionaire, and twice before he has been flat broke. In 1908 he was practically penniless, with the exception of a heavy mortgaged ranch near San Antonio, Tex., and a diamond stud worth about 5400. He pawned this stud in Dallas for 5250 in 1908. After paying a few bills and his railroad fare to Shreveport, La., he had a cash capital of 5200. With this sum he started in to play the wheat market in the office of his cousin, S. G. Harmon. Scales was a friend of Patten, the onetime wheat king, who was running a deal In May wheat then, and the latter helped him with information that enabled him to run his 5200 into about 20 times that much in a few days. Then * * - A- rt1 n L1/in luU cotton Drone 10 a; ceuw, ?nu ova.v? turned his attention to that commodity. He bought and bought and bought. The market advanced almost uninterruptedly during the winter of 1908-9, and Scales went to New Orleans and began operating from there on an extensive scale. Later he came to New York with a line of about 75,000 bales. He kept on buying as the market advanced. The first of this year he was credited with having amassed more than J6.000.000 in paper profits and in contracts that he had cashed In. He was nipped in the big break In January, which halted his progress momentarily. The recent decline is said to have caught him for between $1,500.000 and $2,000,000. Scales has been in the position at various times where the big spinners of the east have gone to him and made arrangements by which they might be permitted to get cotton at a price that would enable them to keep from shut"? '?? >" 111 o IJ i u domination llllg U?M> II UlCli linns. of the market was so absolute that he could put the screws on them and make them beg for mercy. He has had his headquarters at the Waldrof-Astoria since coming to New York. Another big speculator who has lost heavily of late is Colonel R. M. Thompson, sometimes known as the "Nickel King," because he practically controls the nickel market of the world. Although known as "colonel," he is a graduate of Annapolis. Thompson is one of the most secretive and m.vsteri ous beings on earth. He is one of the richest men in the world, and one of the biggest of speculators. His Income is reckoned at $6,000,000 a year. Yet very few persons know anything at all about him. He is a Wall-street plunger of the real plunger type, and the most picturesque of all. He has manipulated or participated in the manipulation of the cotton market from his yacht in the Indian ocean and in the southern seas, from a hotel in Egypt, from a watering place In Germany, from a chalet In the Alps, from a shooting lodge in the Black Forest, and from various places in Asia, and Australia. He spends his life In travel, yet he keeps in active touch with the world's affairs. The government has a pretty fair idea of Col. Thompson's anHiritlaa Via nraa nna r\t tViu m O n av.ii ? uira, iui nt n ao uuv ui nit uivii Indicted for the cotton corner of a few years ago. Thompson gave a water party a few years ago that was unique. He chartered the ocean steamer Manitoba and transformed her Into a floating hotel. Then he Invited a party of friends numbering about 100 and took them for a trip around the world. Thompson's has been caught for $2,000,000 or $3,000,000 In the decline in cotton recently, but it is probable that he Is not giving the matter much thought. He is so extraordinarily rich that the loss of a few millions is of little consequence. Colonel W. P. Brown and Frank Hayne are two more Important figures In the little group that have teen dominating cotton, but do so Tio longer. They have been the longest in the game and have been in the center of the stage the most. Brown is a Dig, niacK-mustached southerner, of florid appearance and rather lively mein. Hayne is smaller, quieter and more thoughtful. There are those who think that In the many campaigns in which Brown and Hayne have been engaged Hayne has done the thinking and Brown the spectacular work. At any rate, they, too, were caught by the sudden change In the aspect of the cotton crop. The rains have washed away a lot of their profits and forced them into at least temporary obscurity. Mike Thomas is another big speculator who has made and lost two or three fair-sized fortunes. He has made considerable money the last year?a million or two?but he was shaken out with the rest of the bulls In the recent great decline in prices. Another man who played quite a part in the manipulation of cotton was the Rothschild who was instrumental in having a prominent New York firm of cotton brokers ruled off the exchange not long ago for not carrying out his orders. He, too, made a good deal of money when the bull group was in control of the cotton market, but, like all the rest, saw a good deal of it vanish when the news of the bumper crop came after years of shortage. Even James A. Patten, who made millions in wheat and was credited as being one of the few men of recent times whose judgment was not impair-, ed by successes so that he knew when to unload, also was caught napping like all the rest. He appeared In New York a little more than a year ago and got into the cotton market, despite the resolution tnat ne once expresocu ui going Into retirement In Colorado when he got $6,000,000 to the good.?New York Evening World. WON BY A DRUM. Tha Battle of Areola a Romantic Episode of French History. There stands in the French town of Cadenet, his native place, a monument to the memory of "The Little Drummer of Areola," Andre Estienne, the hero of one of the most romantic episodes in French history. It was an episode that illustrated the extraordinary military value, so often attested by the world's greatest generals, of what Othello called the "spirit stirring drum." It may be said, curiously enough, that Napoleon Bonaparte's great career was built upon a drum, for the battle of Areola was won by the beating of Ebtlenne's drum, and the Corslcan himself always dated his confidence in his own fortune from this , battle, won in 1796. The circumstances were these: Bonaparte, hemmed In with a small army at Verona, between two greatly superior forces, sallied out at night, made a forced march, and with 14,000 men fell upon the rear of 60,000 Austrians. The battle lasted seventy-two hours. On the second day of the fighting the Austrians obtained such a position that they completely and murderously swept the bridge of Areola, which the French had gained and which they must hold if they expected to win the battle. It was an unlooked for movement. No officer was near, but Andre Estienne, the little drummer, was there. He went to his sergeant and told him that he should cross the bridge with his drum and beat it on the other side. "But," protested the sergeant, "before you place one foot upon the bridge you will be killed. No man on earth could live on that bridge. However, can you swim?" "I can," said the drummer. "Then swim across with your drum." "Impossible!" returned Estienne. "Should the drum become water soaked I could not beat it on the other side." But the sergeant was equal to this difficulty. Being himself a fine swimmer, he plunged into the water, bade Ainlre mount upon his shoulders and hold hi? drum clear of the water. In this way the two crossed the river, Andre beating his drum lustily all the way. Once on the other side, he pounded it In a way to well nigh wake the dead. The Austrians who were massed near were nearly all raw recruits. Hearing what they took to be the drums of an advancing force of French and remembering the terrible French onslaught of the day before, they tied. This left the bridge clear, and the French began to pour across. Andre was joined by other drummers. The Austrian flight became a rout. The French swept on, with Andre Estlenne, still drumming, at their head, Soon the whole Austrian force was retreating, utterly beaten. Years later Estlenne's heroic act was celebrated by being represented In stone on the front of the Pantheon at Paris. The funeral of the little drummer of Areola was attended by a great concourse of French officers and soldiers.