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* / , YORKVILLE ENQUIRER. ISSUED SEMI'WEEXLT. l. m. orist's sobs, Pnbiiihen. j % jfamilg $ "rspa j) f r: 40r tkf f romolion of th? jpolitical, Social, ^gricullural and (Tommrrrial Interests of the ^SfopIr. {TF'R"/iN^KMcoAi-JBFivKNcENT?tNI I!' ESTABLISHED 1855. YORKVILLE, S. C., FRIDAY, AUGUST 10, 1906. INTO. 64. THE R A Story of the Times Alexander BY JERE ( CHAPTER XVI?Continued. " - ? t? ?am k ? I *or me aeienst* u naa piuvru mat Alexis Durand, ever since his arrival in New York, had maintained the character of an industrious, sober, and peaceable man. It was proved that, from his occupation as a boatman, he generally received exactly the description of money which was found in his chest; that he had never been known to want money; that he was on the best terms with his landlord, who frequently left the shop for hours in his charge; that they had slept alone in the same house for months, and that Durand had free access both to the sleeping-room of Franz and the store-room below. Finally, Colonel Burr called to the stand a man by the name of Thomas Winters, who testified that he knew Durand slightly, and Roberts Intimately. To a question as to what Roberts did to earn a support, he answered: "Nothing, as I knows on, except gamble, and such like." In answer to other questions, he said that he was in Larkins's house on the nigm or me muruer; mat ?< was usual at that house to close the doors before ten o'clock, but the Initiated. by giving a certain password, could enter at any hour; that Durand came In some time after the doors were closed, and he overheard him ask the landlord for BUI Jenkins; that Larkins replied he had gone out, and directed that any one who asked for him should be told to wait, when, to the certain knowledge of the witness, Jenkins had not been In the house for days; that Durand did wait for a considerable time, but at last became impatient, and determined to go, Larkins still urging him to wait longer. Witness stated that Jenkins was a friend of his. and that after Durand left, he concluded to follow him and tell him where Jenkins was; that he walked very fast, without however, overtaking Durand; that, at the corner nearest the house of Klink, he heard Roberts give the alarm to the watchman; that, in his opinion, it was impossible for Purand to have reached home, committed the murdere. and rifled the house, within the time he left Larktns's house and the time he heard Roberts give the alarm. He further testified that the loaded club, exhibited in court, had been taken by him from a room in Larklna's house occupied by John Roberts; ttiat it usually hung on a nail by the door; that he had seen it there several times when he went to Robert's room to play cards, and that two days ago he had taken it away, unobserved, at the request of Jenkins, for the purpose of exhibiting it on this trial. The testimony of this witness was so clear and straightforward, and he maintained, in spite of a severe cross?T#mingtion. so much the air of an honest man, that, although he acknowledged himself to be much of a scamp, and a good deal addicted to low and disreputable vices, the court and Jury were Inclined to give him full credit; and the pains the prosecuting attorney took to invalidate his evidence proved that he regarded it as exceedingly dangerous to his case. It was late at night when Colonel Burr rose to address the Jury. He began by a dissertation on the nature of circumstantial evidence; admitted that the law held It sufficient to a conviction for the crime of murder, but contended that certain rules were ? - MI1 rxf idiu quwii iur us ruvti iiiiiciu, vi which It was Incumbent on the prosecution to show had been fully compiled with. If any one link should be found wanting, the offense was not proved, and the prisoner must be acquitted. The first rule?the groundwork upon which everything rested ?was, that the circumstances themselves should be fully established. Not by a mere preponderance of evidence, but by the clear and positive testimony of at least one unimpeached witness. Where a material circumstance depended upon one witness only, that witness must be supported by collateral aid, especially if his former character, contradictory statements. suspicious manner of testifying. or any other cause raised a doubt of his credibility. After dwelling upon this point until he had sufficiently impressed it upon the minds of the Jury, he asked: "Have the circumstances in this case been established according to the requirements of the law?" Some of them, he admitted, had been. He went over the testimony of the watchmen, and he believed their statements to be true. But what was it? Un supported by Roberts, it did nothing more than raise a bare presumption of guilt; it fell far. very far short of excluding, to a moral certainty, every hypothesis but one that the prisoner was guilty. The whole case, he contended, depended at last upon Robsert's evidence alone. Was he supported by collateral aid? No. Was there nothing to throw a doubt upon the credibility of the man? There was not only enough for that purpose, but enough to prove beyond all cavil that he was a base and willful perjurer. He had sworn that he was a day-laborer, while his hand gave conclusive evidence that it had long been free from toll. He was directly contradicted by Winters, who knew him well, who had been his associate, and who confessed, to his own shame, that he had participated in his pursuits. He swore that Roberts was a gambler, and followed no other business. Colonel Burr then alluded to Roberts's denial of ever having seen the loaded club, when it was in proof that it was taken from his room; that it habitually hung there, and could have belonged to no one else. The Jury, he said, must be satisfied that in relation to the fact, as in relation to that of being a day-laborer, the witness had sworn falsely, and com IVALS. \ of Aaron Burr and Hamilton. :lemens. mon sense, as well as common law, demanded the rejection of his whole testimony. In two plain matters of fact, where there was not the least room for an honest mistake, he had committed unmistakable perjury. It was not necessary, therefore, to refer to the Improbability of the story itself, to his unexplained wandering about the streets at such an hour, or to the guilty terrors which shook his frame while the damning perjury escaped his lips. The positive testimony. apart from all these circumstances of doubt and suspicion, lncontrovertlbly established perjury upon him; the Juror who could take away the life of a fellow-being upon the evidence of such a man must be dead to all the best instincts of humanity. When that evidence was discarded, what remained? Nothing upon which a verdict of "guilty" could be based. Everything else might be true, and yet the prisoner might be as Innocent as the court or any one of the Jury now sitting in judgment upon him. To illustrate his meaning, he supposed ???? A I As* A Kif tKn nAmmiinipfltlnnq IX A OSC. AIUCU wj liiv Durand had made to him, his supposed case was precisely in accordance with the facts; and this he put to the jury so strongly and clearly, that they could not refrain from nodding assent as he progressed. He dwelt upon the fact, sworn to by Wln| ters, that the prisoner could not have committed the murder and accomplished the robbery within the time that elapsed from his leaving Larkins's house and that when he heard the alarm given to the watchmen, and Insisted that he had done much more than was necessary to inj sure the acquittal of his client. According to the law it was sufficient to raise a doubt of his guilt; he had gone beyond the requirements of I the law, and demonstrated his innocence. He had said enough for his client's defense, but not enough for | public justice. A foul and bloody murder had been committed; it was the work of human hands, and he j proposed to track the felon through all the cunning devices Dy wqicn ne had sought to escape from the penalties prescribed for the punishment of his horrid crime. Here Colonel Burr turned his full front to the witness Roberts, who was leaning against one of the columns of the court-room. There must have been, he continued, a guilty agent. That agent must have had some motive or inducement to commit the crime, and also the means to accomplish his purpose. He here recapitulated the testimony, showing the total absence of motive on the part of Durand, and the presence of that motive in Roberts. According to Roberts's own statement, he had called upon Durand for the purpose of collecting a debt, whereas the proof showed that Durand was an industrious, laboring man, engaged in a business whose profits more than supplied nis warns, wnne nuucm was notoriously penniless. The story of indebtedness was therefore too improbable for belief. All the other facts and circumstances which weighed against the witness were stated with the concise clearness for which the orator was so remarkable. Throughout he had watched the Jury with the keen scrutiny of a man accustomed to study every varying shade of the human countenance; and when he saw that their interest was excited to the highest point he | suddenly seized a candle in each hand, held them aloft over his head, and. advancing to Roberts, his eyes hnrninff lllrd livine coals. and his voice ringing as if ordering a charge on fhe battle-field, he shouted,?"Be hold the murderer!" The effect was electrical. The Jury, by a common impulse, rose to their feet. Roberts shook and trembled as if the doom of death was .sounding in his ears. Gradually his knees gave way, and he sunk down helpless at the base of the column. For more than a minute a silence deep and dread reigned throughout the courtroom?judge, Jury, and spectators were gazing in speechless amazement upon the cowering wretch. It was broken by Colonel Burr. In a clear and sonorous voice, ne exclaimed: "There, gentlemen, is Nature's testimony! There is a confession written by the finger of God himself! Now write your verdict!" There was another pause; another period of awful suspense, and men drew their breath with a feeling of intense relief when the orator slowly replaced the candles on the table and resumed his seat. He had not spoken more than three-quarters of an hour. He had not touched more than half the available points for the defense. A less experienced pleader would have gone on, probably ruined a cause already gained by attempting to make it doubly certain. Colonel Burr knew better. He was an adept In the most useful of all knowledge to a lawyer. He knew when to stop. He had strained the minds of the jury to the highest pitch of excitement, and he knew that under the reaction which would follow, the concluding argument of the attorney-general would fall upon dull and listless ears. That officer was himself embarrassed by a painful consciousness of the same fact; and the jury, at the conclusion of his address returned a verdict of "not guilty," without leaving the box. The court, of its own motion, immediately ordered the arrest of Roberts, and his committal to await the action of a grand jury. It was some time before the immense throng who had gathered to witness the result of the trial would disperse; and the officer in charge of Roberts was standing near the door impatiently awaiting the opportunity to get his prisoner into a carriage. A tall man. wearing a mustache and immense whiskers, who had given earnest attention to every stage oi the trial, was observed slowly-edginj his way through the throng toward the spot where Roberts was standing A broad brimmed slouched hat concealed the upper part of his face and a horseman's cloak clasped around the neck performed the same service for his body. Watching for a favorable moment, when the crowd around and in front of him had considerably thinned, he seized the arm of the prisoner and said, in a hoarse whisper,? "John Roberts?do you know me?" There was no response; but a sudden change of countenance told plainly enough that he was recognized. Instantly a broad steel blade glittered in the candlelight?a low, dull sound followed Its descent; the officer whose hand was upon Roberts's arm felt him shudder, and heard him faintly murmur, "I am a dead man." Without another word he sank bleeding on the floor. Before those immediately around comprehended the terrible deed which had been committed, the murderer bounded from the door, and was lost amid the crowd. It was later than usual the next day when Colonel Burr repaired to his office. Durand had been for some time awaiting his arrival. After the first salutation was over, he said,? "I am going beyond the mountains, colonel, and have come to say goodby." i "Going beyond the mountains! For what? The evidence of yesterday showed you were engaged In a prosperous business, and you surely cannot think that it will be lessened by the events of the trial?" "No, It is not that. The fact is. the business never suited me. I can work, and have worked, rather than starve or beg; but during the seven years' service in the wars a man will acquire habits and tastes not easily shaken off. I am weary and lonesome here In the city, and long to be In the free woods, with a knife in my belt and a rifle on my shoulder." Colonel Burr was not deceived by the apparently natural reason assigned by Durand for his sudden determination. He remembered what Jenkins had said of a similar purpose, and at once connected them together. He had scarcely any doubt as to who had stabbed Roberts in the court-room, and felt that it would be useless to dissuade Durand from his purpose. "It seems to me that you have other reasons," he replied, "but I have no right to pry into your secrets, and if your mind is made up upon grounds that you consider sufficient, I will not attempt to change it. Can I do anything for you before you go?" "Nothing that I can think of. My money has been returned to me, and I have more than enough to buy two good rifles and such other articles ?s will be needful In a life among the savages. You must not think, colonel, that I have any secrets I wish to hide from you. There Is something on my mind that I doubt whether I ought to tell you; not on my account, but your own. Nor Is It exactly my secret either, though to a certain extent I am involved in it." "I expect I can guess it. Indeed, I know enough to be assured I can. You need not, therefore, say anything about it." "In that case you must know all. You might guess too much or too little, and think less of me. or of one who is very dear to me, than I would have you do. It was Bill Jenkins who killed Roberts last night while in the hands of an officer of the law. I left the court-room you remember, as soon as the verdict was rendered, and went directly to a tavern to procure refreshments and a night's lodging. Not long after I got there, the news of Roberts's murder came. My mind misgave me, and I determined to hunt up Bill Jenkins. While in prison he had given me a clue to ail his haunts, and I had no doubt of finding him. The only difficulty lay in getting on the street without attracting observation. I was known at the tavern, and the whole trial had been so remarkable, that I was an object of curiosity to every one who came in. The front room was crowded, notwithstanding the lateness of the hour, and if I went out it would be sure to excite remark. I had prolonged my supper, although I had but little appetite, in the hope that they would disperse. /14 rl or/% Kut monv rpmnlnpH I had ordered a fire to be lighted in my room, and was Just about requesting the landlord to show me to it, when Jenkins himself walked in. I had observed him in the courtroom, so disguised that no eye but mine could have detected him. His dress was now so entirely different. The whiskers, mustache, and wig were gone?the slouched hat and horseman's cloak had also disappeared. His manner was easy and unembarrassed, and he congratulated me upon my acquittal in a voice so perfectly natural, that no one, who did not know him as I did, would have believed it possible for him to have been an actor in the bloody scene which had just transpired. He called for a glass of rum at the bar. Invited me and others to Join him, and behaved exactly as a man innocent of any offense, and rejoiced at the escape of a friend from a great danger, would be expected to behave. After he had taken another drink, he said aloud, in the hearing of those present, that he had come to pass the first night of liberty with me, and suggested that I must have been ou-obo hv QnvjptV for preceding nights, we had better retire. On entering my room, he locked the door, and carefully sounded the walls to be certain that he could not be overheard by sleepers in the adjoining rooms. Then, approaching where I stood before the fire, he said, in a fierce whisper.? " 'I have done it, Alec. I struck down the damned villain in the hall of justice, and I would have done it If his arms had been clasped around the holy altar.' " 'I am sorry for It, Bill' I replied. 'It was a great crime, rashly and unnecessarily committed. He would have been hung at any rate, for the murder of Franz Klink.' " 'It was for that very reason I did it. I had no idea of being cheated f out of my vengeance by process of f law. I could have forgiven him for I burning us out of our cabin in the . Highlands; I could have forgiven him?at least I would not have , stricken him?for seeking your death I by false swearing. If he had done ) nothing else, I would have been con tent to leave him In the hands of the 1 law; but there Is more to hear. You remember he did not Join us until i the cause of the colonists was at the ? lowest ebb. The British had taken New York and chased George Wash' Ington through the Jerseys. Before thnt he hnd heen a ranmant WhlK. I While you were In prison, 1 was charged by Colonel Burr to watch i him narrowly, and to engage others whom he would not suspect to do i the same thing. I knew that Winters hated him, for he had been robbed by Roberts and Larklns at cards, and I put him upon the trail. A week ago he communicated to Colonel Burr nearly all he swore on the trial, and was Instructed by him to continue on the watch. Colonel Burr also supplied him with money to enable him to frequent Roberts's places of resort. Winters either caught him accldently under the Influence of liquor, or succeeded in making him so, and while In that state turned the conversation upon Kllnk's murder. He was not so far gone, however, as to be thrown off his guard In reference to so dangeri ous a subject, and persisted In pretty much the same story he had sworn to before the coroner. Winters then mentioned my name. He says he had no particular object, other than keeping Roberts talking, and, for this purpose, he asked if It might not be possible that I had helped you to murder Franz. To this AM?n>A?A/1 ?*A Knf T. AMO-V*f tA nuuci is ausncicu uu, uuv * vuquv w be hung for twenty other things; and went on to say that I carried the mark of his lashes on my back, and that some day he would put a halter around my neck. When Winters told me this, it was like a flash of lightning suddenly illuminating a dark and murky night, and I could at once account^ for the Instinctive longing I had felt for years to bury my knife in his heart. Even when we were serving King George In the same company, I am certain I should have killed him if we had been left alone for a single day. I hated him, and my heart told me I had cause, though I had no other proof. It was all as clear to me as daylight now, and I wondered I had not made the discovery before. I remembered, as distinctlv aa if it were yesterday, his form and voice among that pack of disguised hell hounds who marked my back with scars that I shall carry to the grave, and murdered my young wife and her unborn babe. I started on that instant to hunt him up. Luckily I did not And him that day, and when the fire in my brain had lost a portion of Its fury, I remembered that if I killed him then. It would be charged that you had instigated me to the deed in order to get rid 'Of his evidence on your trialTwo nights ago I met him unexpectedly; we were alone; my hand was on the hilt of the same knife which this night made its way to his heart. I did not kill him, but I hissed in his ear that his hour was approaching, and when we next met the arch fiend himself should not save him. For fear he would have me arresieu i nireu a. uiaguisc, auu gave out that I had left the city. Even Winters really supposed that I was gone. I passed him on the street, and spoke to him In barrooms, and he did not know me. I went to the court-house to-day, resolved that Roberts should never leave It alive. I could not anticipate his arrest, and when it was done, I trembled lest he might escape me. The crowd did me good service in compelling the officer to stop where he did, and now I can sleep in peace.' "And he did sleep," continued Durand, "as sweetly as an infant in its cradle, though I paced the floor until daylight. When he awoke, our plans were soon formed, and he is now on his way to Kentucky. I could not go until I had seen you and thanked you ror your generous exertions in behalf of a man who Is so poorly able to reward you for it." "Upon that score." replied Colonel Burr, "we are barely even. It Is life for life. When do you go?" "To-night. Jenkins, so lar as I know, is unsuspected now, but he may be; and I do not choose that people should get upon his trail by tracking mine. I go alone, and under cover of the darkness. It will be ten or twelve days, and far from here, before I join him. I do not ask you not to betray us?I know you will not; and only hesitated about telling you, because I feared that if it should become known, men might charge you with aiding the escape of a murderer. When I discovered that you already knew the criminal. I could not bear for you to suspect that he had committed the crime for no other reason than because he had soughc my life. And now Colonel," he continued, while large tears rolled from eyes to which tears were strangers, and his giant frame shivered like that of a child in an ague fit, "kindest, noblest, truest, best of men, good-by forever. In this world we shall never meet again; but if I forget you for one day amid my wanderings and perils, may the lightnings of heaven blast me where I stand." He was mistaken. They did meet years afterward upon the banks of the beautiful Ohio, when strange changes had come over the fortunes of both. TO BE CONTINUED. t-f' The largest lake In the Eastern hemisphere, excepting Victoria Nyansa. In Africa, is Lake Baikal, the "Holy Sea." It is 3,100 feet deep, its bottom being 1,600 feet below the sea level, and in area corresponds to Lake Michigan. 't& The first person In England to have his photograph taken was Lord Avebury M. Daguerre, the co-inventor of the art of photography, paid an early visit to the father of the present Lord Avebury and it was then that he posed for the photo. ?? + tar The same language is spoken by 382,000,000 Chinese, making Chinese the most spoken language. jWisffllaiKOtts Reading. THE BEGINNING OF OKLAHOMA. It Came With the Memorable Ruah of April, 1889. Oklahoma sprang Into existence In a da.y. At the start Its settlement was a cbntest of brute strength and endurance. The federal government drew a line around the domain It had set aside for homestead settlement and at a signal at noon on April 22, 1889, permitted an army of men and women to rush across the border and take possession of whatever land they found unoccupied. The race was to the swift and the strong. No scene like It had ever been witnessed on this continent nor in other lands. It has become historic like the adventures of the California Argonauts, and In future time some poet may celebrate its epic glory. At this day citizens of Oklahoma who came here In that memorable rush are distinguished above their neighbors who came later. They belong to an aristocracy. As the capital of the new territory, Guthrie was the scene of greatest activity and the most characteristic Incidents. All the political fortune hunters came here for fame and plunder. Some of them were sent to the penitentiary, some are dead and some now art known as distinguished citizens. A man who saw those first attempts to reclaim a virgin wilderness in a day told the story of his experiences lately. He was a sooner. A sooner was a man or woman who stole into Oklahoma before the legal hour, and per haps violated the law by setting upon land and swearing that he had not entered upon and occupied it before noon. In after years the penitentiary was filled with sooners oonvlcted of perjury. and the soil of Oklahoma Is dyed In many places with the blood of men who were killed In sooner quarrels or assassinated to prevent their evidence that would send men to prison. This particular sooner did not commit perjury and got no land. The twenty-second day of April, 1839, came on Monday. This man, with several companions, entered the territory on the preceding Saturday night and induced the conductor of a freight train to stop In the sand hills north of the Cimarron river near Quthrle. He carried a valise filled with food, around which was rolled his blanket, and in addition he had a spade, an ax and a Winchester rifle. It was 1 o'clock Sunday morning when the train stopped. The night was chilly and the country uninhabited. One man In the party had a wooden leg. The only way to cross the Clmnr" *a nmtV a? a 1a?o? rail. IUU 1IVCI n an iu naiiv vn a iwuq ?* ' road trestle. At the other end was an armed guard, placed there by the railroad company to prevent burning of the bridge by sooners, who In that way might try to delay the arrival of the law-abiding settlers, until afterj.be hour of noon had passed, which would permit the sooners the more easily to get the choicest lands. The man with the wooden leg could not walk the trestle in the darkniss and the leader of the party took :he cripple man on his back and carry ng the baggage of both, crossed the river. They were challenged by the guard, but the latter was Intimidated by their nnmhftr nnd remained In the brush when he saw that they did not attempt to Injure the bridge. The man who carried the cripple fell exhausted when he stepped from the bridge. Federal troops were riding the country and arresting all persons without credentials. These sooners had come from western Kansas. where there was no timber on the prairies. In the darkness they saw a clump of blackjack oaks on a nearby hill and mistook them for a camp of soldiers. They hid themselves In the weeds for an hour or two before they would venture toward Guthrie, where there was nothing except a railroad station, a hastily constructed frame building to be useed as a land Office and a tent occupied bv a United States marshal. A mem - II? ?I U? .? lb-?wl In UCi ui me pui ly wuu uau *?amvu advance lost his way and turned back and began firing his pistol to locate his friends. This was a second alarm that sent the^=ooners into the weeds. Near Guthrie is a small stream, the Cottonwood, often in flood, and then dangerously deep. The sooners camped on its bank, but the night was so chilly they could not sleep. The next morning the man of whose experience this story is a record saw a tract of beautiful farm land across the stream. The stream was high, and he could not swim Lashing two pieces of timber together and fastening his baggage securely he plunged from the steep bar k as a coaster goes down a hillside, t.nd by clinging to his small aft and kicking his heels vigorously, was washed to the opposite bank. He staked his claim and began digging a dugout. An hour or two later he was startled by the appearance of a man on a horse on the bank immediately above him. "What are you doing there, young man?" asked the stranger. "Locating my claim and digging a dugout." "Well, sir," answered the stranger, who also was a sooner," "this is my claim, and I will kill the first man who lies on It." The man who had swum the Cottonwood picked up his Winchester, and the stranger rode away. But each knew that the other was a sooner, and both would be living In the same town. The man who refused to be bluffed never made entry on his claim. When he read a copy of the required oath, he saw perjury staring him in the face, and he had received a cash sum from contestants who feared that he might have a valid claim, and did not know that he was a sooner. He turned his attention to town lots in which the question of soonerism did not enter unless the townslte board asked specifically If the applicant was a sooner, which was seldom. There were probably 1,500 sooners on the townslte of Guthrie by the time the first train came in from the north on Monday. There was no restriction en the number of lots a man could stake. He was entitled to all he could bluff other persons into leaving alone. The man who swam the Cottonwood, and whose name for present purposes will be Jones, staked twenty-five or thirty lots and gave evidence of occupancy by leaving his Winchester on one, his blanket on another, his axe on the next, etc. One was marked with a small American flag. These town lot sooners had difficulty In finding boards with which to stake their lots. No lumber yards had been established and there was no lumber In the country. Pieces split from the top of an egg case sold at 110 each. A man offered Jones $25 for a cheap shovel. The coming of the first train attracted no attention from those already on the townsite. As train after tredn unloaded and thousands of persons ran with all their speed to the townsite to stake the choicest lots' they found the best lots already occupied, and, not knowing that they were held by sooners, kept running east and north until they found other and less desirable lots, or until they fell from exhaustion. The disappointed ones began coming back; and Jumping the staked lots. The territory was without law, the organic act not passing until May, 1890. There were no territorial laws until members of the legislature had been nominated and elected under the organic act. The people became a iaw unto themselves. They organized a provisional government in the municipalities and life and property received as good protection as they enjoy at this day. .Restaurants were the first kind of business established. Shortly afterward gambling was started, and every game known in the United States was in sight. The gamblers playe<J their games in the streets in the open air. Jones by accident found himself in the restaurant business before he realized what had happened. The hastily Improvised eating booths were serving a small tin cup of coffee without: cream or sugar, a slice or two of bacon, a fried egg and a few slices of bread at $1 a chance. Jones had several boiled hams, some loaves of bread, etc., which he had brought In a trunk for his own use. A hungry man with a pocketful of money stopped at his tent and asked for a sandwich, which Jones gave to him with his compliments. The stranger threw down a dollar and said that the sandwich was a better meal than the one for which he had paid a dollar at a restaurant. He told his friends of his discovery, and they sought out Jones's .tent. In an hour he had made $20, and in a week he had saved $300. His sole cash A?J - an CA * U. ./vlA assets amounted to ?i.au whcci uc ou?u his first sandwich. He ordered 1,000 loaves of bread at Kansas City. They were packed hot, and when they reached Quthrle each loaf had shrunk to about the size and firmness of a hard boiled egg. He sold all of this bread at 25 cents a loaf. Including freight, each loaf had cost him about two cents. Though selling at exorbitant prices during the flrst two or three days, groceries were cheaper In a week than they were fit Kansas City. There was in oversupply and no buildings In which to store them. Carloads of potatoes were piled on the ground, and hundreds of bushels were carried away, the owners knowing that they could not be sold before they decayed. Lumber yards were open for business the third day, and lumber sold on a basis of about $1,000 a thousand feet, though the price was much higher In | smaller, quantities. The first postmaster was Dennis T. Flynn, afterward delegate to congress, and the postofflce a small frame shack. After standing in line all day, a man would be within two or three numbers of his turn when the postofflce closed at 6 o'clock p. m., and then he would lie on the ground all night to be at the head of the line next morning. There were probably 30,000 persons In fliithrle then. StamDS were Deddled In the streets at 10 cents each by speculators. Water was hauled from the Cottonwood and sold at 5 cents a glass, 25 cents a bucket and $1 a barrel. Prior to the organic act, Intoxicating liquors could not be sold or brought into the territory, which was still under the federal laws applying to Indian reservations. Bootleggers did a profitable but dangerous business, and many were sent to the penitentiary. When the organic act became law anybody who could pay for a government license could start a saloon. A box on which to place his kegs and two or mice glosses were me suic iiaiuics of many saloons that ran openly In the streets. In three of four days dance halls and disorderly houses were running. The largest was th a tent 30x60 feet. There was a bar In front, and back of that a dance hall large enough for two quadrilles. There were few women in town, and when the big dance hall gave a grand opening practically all the men In town were In attendance. The crowd grew so large that 25 cents was charged for going Inside the tent. This merely whetted curiosity and soon the dance hall was so densely packed that dancing was impossible. Probt.bly the first piano brought to Oklahoma during the rush was in this dance hall. There were no Fedei*al statutes against gambling, and until the territory made its own laws gambling was controlled by ordinances of the provisional government. Each gambler at Guthrie paid 65 a day to the police Judge, and it is estimated that for a long time the daily cash receipts of the police Judge amounted to $5,000. The first religious service was held on what was known as the government acre, set aside by the government for the land office. On the third or fourth night a cowboy evangelist, riding a calico pony, came in and held a meeting. He talked from his saddle, and warned the people against their sins. While he was speaking Jim Masterson, I now dead, a brother of Bat Masterson. came out of the Long Branch gambling house and threw hoky-poky (carbon bisulphide) on the calico pony. The calico pony began performing at a greased lightning gait, and the cowboy evangelist was thrown. As he mounted and rode away he turned and said, with a grin: "There's some damned smart fellows in this crowd." The first funeral was that of Skinner, a gambler from Dodge City, Kan.. who died at St. Ann's Rest, a gambling house. There was no public cemetery, and his grave was dug on school land | south of town. All the gamblers and a number of painted women went to the funeral. No minister was present, and after the coffln had been lowered into the grave there was an embarrassing silence of eight or ten minutes, no one speaking a word or offering to fill the grave or to move away. Finally, old Dog Kelly, an old timer at Dodge City, threw his hat on the ground and, half crying, exclaimed: "Holy Jasus! There's neyther praste nor praycher here; lets kiver him up." And they did. During the first days there were few gun plays. Every man supposed the other had a pistol, and being strangers the men did not molest one another. The killings took place after men became acquainted with each other. , Ben Daniels, now United States marshal of Arizona, was the town's first 1 marshal. j LOOTING OF THE 80UTH. How Wall Street Gamblers Pray on Honest Producers. Editor Yorkvllle Enquirer: In 1865, shortly after the civil war, the southern people, beaten In every way except In spirit, with homes destroyed, loved ones lost and ruined, began anew with determination to try to prosper. They had about lost their all?but being blessed by God Almighty with the grandest country on earth they went to work In earnest. Six years later the New York cotton exchange was organized, a far ? greater financial curse upon the south t than was ever the civil war, and has since cost the south millions on millions of dollars. War meant death; cotton exchanges mean financial destruction. Now what is a cotton exchange? Nothing more nor less than a lot of professional gamblers, having for their object how low they can keep cotton In the south and how many southern people they can wreck by persuading them to gamble with them; and how persuading? Ey sending out telegrams, alluring letters, "straight tips," as though any man with a ray of sense shouldn't know that if they really knew the course of the market, they would use it for themselves. The United States government allows a part of It's terrltory, the south; a part of its people, the farmers; Its richest produce?cotton to be used as a football by a lot of gamblers not one of which can truthfully deny but that for every possible legitimate trade of a hundred bales made with them, there are ten thousand at least nothing more than a gamble. Why should farmers, supposedly following one of the noblfst callings, be selected out especially by these gamblers to be kept In poverty? Only because no other class of our people would stand for it. Thuy consider them ignorant, but the voters of the south are Ignorant If y permit their wealth producers t<> os systematically ruined by a burch of gamblers, who probably never produced a legitimate dollar 01 ever added one dollar of wealth to the United States. The question for the state of South Carolina is how long, Oh! how long will she permit ?uch gambling machines to operate io her borders? The New York cotton exchange is a farce on its face and no more than a big gambling machine with a big percentage (called commission) against the gambler that goes against them. They see both hands and play theirs accordingly. Fa every man in the south ahead of them * there is a suicide; for every man that is about even there are a dozen defaulters, and those who have lost t their homes, positions and have been ) saved from theft and bankruptcy by 1 their relatives and friends are num- c bered by the thousand. South Caro-' c linians know this?yet South Caroli- f na permits it. < Oold brick men don't pretend to be anything except gold brick crooks, I but the New York exchange wants ( you to buy cotton futures from them t and won't even let you know what c they are trying to sell you. If you a must gamble?license faro banks, \ crap and poker games, roulette \ wheels, etc. That will at least keep ' the money in the south; but when c you send your money to the New i York cotton exchange "kiss it good s bye." Follow the example of North t V^aruillia turn Ucuigia nti/Q luvm a out. All the southern states will soon follow. 1 How can any South Carolina sena- c tor or member of the legislature un- c less he be a gambler or gambles with t them fail to vote against this curse? <! No spot cotton buyer or mill man un- r less he gambles with them can truthfully say they are worth anything 1 in a legitimate way for protection t or hedging; and is everybody ( against the farmer? The more Inde- t pendent the farmer becomes the t harder the exchange fights htm. If 1 the United States will not close them * up?let South Carolina at least make T them carry on* their nefarious trade J outside of her borders. The New York cotton exchange Is the worst . w. ^ r enemy tne soutn nas ever nau. Voter. J c CA8E OF JAME8 OLIVER. 8 _ How a Victim of Fraud Won Out With * a Pistol. This is a curious case?what news- a paper people call a "human Interest" case?of James Oliver, at Wichita, j Kansas, says the Richmond Leader. c Oliver was a farmer In Iowa and sixty t odd years old and In the course of an r Industrious and sober life had acquired t twenty thousand dollars and a family. Attracted by an advertisement, he i went to Wichita to see J. A. Casey, t head of a wholesale can<ly Arm. who r wanted a partner "to extend the busl- c ness." Glowing prospects were pre- t sented to Oliver and he was referred t to Mr. Niftzgar, president of the Fourth B National Bank, as sponsor for the g firm's standing. The firm was help- g lessly and hopelessly In debt to the t bank, but Oliver didn't know that, t Niftzgar enthusiastically advised the c farmer to invest his twenty thousand o In the candy firm. Oliver trusted his n advice, sold nis rarm, moveu mo iamlly to Wichita, Invested his money and a in a month or two found that he was p part of an insolvent concern and that p his farm and all the other gatherings tl of his lifetime of work had gone to a help reduce the losses of the Fourth v National Bank. He was a man of plain and simple a ways and direct ideas of Justice. He p went to see Casey, put the case be- a tore him, pleaded pitifully for the re- h turn of at least enough of his money to get his family back to Iowa and ti make a new start. Casey stared at h him insolently and burst into a laugh, fi Then Oliver reached around, produced tl a revolver and shot Casey dead as he c sat, the sneering smile on his face a transformed to the fixed, fearful grin w of death In which the upper lip draws a away from the upper teeth as if in a c final ghastly grin at all life and all b there Is in it. p It was murder of course?coldblooded, premeditated murder as any judge would be bound to rule, the tak- li ing of a human life with malice afore- u thought. Nevertheless, a Kansas ju- I ry in about five minutes, having heard b all the evidence gave a verdict of "not t< guilty." They said it was emotional ti Insanity. What they meant was ? t 'served Casey right." Oliver went free. Now, was that right or wrong? We would like to know from somebody. Oliver violated the law as It Is written and the other man had the law is it is written behind him. He had -eferred the investor to this bank and the banker's advice had been taken. But he had deliberately ruined the ife and destroyed the hope and-blasted the fortunes and future of an honest, industrious, good citizen and augiieu m ins pieu tur reuicao. A few weeks ago Oliver appeared igain?shabby, half starved, too old :o work, his family in rags and hunger ibout him, memories of the peace and ilenty and hope of his Iowa farm and >f how he had lost them working In lis brain, tie saw the banker Nlftigar, jointed out' that he had recommended he Investment In the candy enterprise, >esought some restitution and grimly ~emlnded him of the Casey incident laftzgar did not laugh. He had learnfd too much from Casey for that He vas smooth and plausible and made mother appointment and then had Ollrer arrested and locked in Jail as a lusplclous and dangerous person and o be examined as to his sanity. He ised his Influence and the cowardly lewspapers kept the affair quiet, but lomebody talked. Little by little the lews went around. The newspapers sontlnued silent. What a pack of abect hounds they must be in Wichita! Hand bills were sent out and last JYiday evening the court house was jacked with free, wholesome American nen and women, gathered In public nass meeting. They expressed their >pinlon of the president of the Fourth National Bank and his course and proceedings and of the acts of the local luthoritles in good strong, English words. The next morning Oliver was -eleased and, It is understood, carried with him a check sufficient, at least, 0 keep the wolf from his door and to itart him on another farm. This, too, was outside the law. it was something like mob law and lynch aw?which is no law at all?and a'ogether wrong according to the statites. It is a bad example and if sometody will write an article and show us low flagrantly wrong it was we will >e glad to print the article. Nevertheless, we confess to thinking 1 good deal more of Wichita, Kan., ind Its people than ever before. If nurder and threat and public uprising ?ver can be justified, it seems to us here is justification in this case. JAPANESE 8ECRET 8ERVICE. Story of ? Lieutenant Who Booamo Dissipated to Fulfill a Mission. "I require of you." said the chief of he staff in polished Japanese, "that 'ou should leave your present mode of Iving, and, become, on the contrary, lissipated. Tou must leave your stulles and your books, and instead have or your haunts tea houses and your :ompan|ons geisha." The young lieutenant was sad, tor te was healthy minded and detested lissipation, but being a Japanese devoed to his country, he set his teeth and ibeyed orders. He was to become disilpated in order to prosecute some serdce mission, the nature and'object of vhlch he could only surmise. At first he found that it is not so aay for the good to fall. He neither iked the gay costumed girls nor the varmed sake, they naively served to he accompaniment of many sweet miles. At last the day of evil came; the ieutenant, after all, was human, not >f adamant He actually fell head >ver heels in love with a geisha, says he Tokio correspondent of the Lonlon Telegraph in writing of the J&palese secret service. Prom that day he ceased to be som>re and silent, and went boisterously o the devil. His superiors at headluarters dismissed him from the service, and with ignominy his father for>ade him the house, his relatives poitely declined to see him, and his acluaintances many of them themselves nllitary men, knew him not. He was in outcast. "Now said the chief of the stair, 'you have reached the condition that earnestly desired, and you will receive 'our reward. I am about to send you >n a mission of high Importance to the itate. To-night, telling nobody?not (ven your father?you will proceed to Nagasaki. There you will open the >ox which I will give you. It ie of acquer, and inside are complete initructlons as to your future." Those Instructions were that he was 0 go to a certain country where a first ;lass Power was at war with the naives. Here he Joined the staff of the tative chief, and his bravery, no less han his military genius, son actulred for him a fame not altogether inmlngled with notoriety. As a mater of fact, his presence counted so nuch in the campaign that the first lass Power opened diplomatic negotiaions with Japan, contending seriously hat a military officer was serving in 1 high position on the rebel chief's taff. Of course the Japanese government knew nothing about he matter, nor was it likely o, seeing that no military offier had been officially despatched n such a curious mission. He was omlnally a rebel under the rebel's baner. In this way he secured the needed nd valuable information about the toography of the country, the enemy's lan and scheme of operajlms, his tecIcs and his strategy, his fortifications nd his defence works, ail of which rere of the utmost value to Japan. Then the young officer, after many dventures, made his way back to Jaan, only to find that the chief of the taflf was dead and another occupied is place. He was disowned by the army, but old privately that work like that he ad just accomplished would be found or him In Manchuria. Possibly^ he nought ne nan aone enougn ror nis ountry, however. He disappeared nd, strangely enough, the geisha with 'hom he fell in love has disappeared lso. Together, far from the madding rowd, the young lieutenant and the eauty of the tea shop are living hapy ever after. The Income tax was Introduced ito England by William Pitt In 1798 nder the stress of the French war. t ceased in 1816, but was revived y Sir Robert Peel In 1842 and exended by Gladstone in 1863. The u Is n6w a permanent part of the trltish financial system.