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V i *~ :| ISSUED SEMI-WEEKLY. t. *. orist's sons, Publishers. } % 4familg Ueurspaper: clfor (hi; promotion of the {political facial, ^gricultupt and dlontmciicial Jntercsls of the people. j TSK*^?aM^mR^AimNCK. ESTABLISHED 18.1.5. YORKVILLE, S. C., EljHIDAY, JULY 13, 1906. dSTO. 56. THE R A Story of the Timet Alexander . BY JERE ( CHAPTER X. "Hark! the trumpet's blast is ringing. And Danners wave aiong me twi, ? Freedom to the field Is bringing The remnant of her shattered host." The terrible winter of 1777-78 at length wore away. The season for active operations had arrived, yet both parties seemed willing to repose a little longer on their arms. The occupation of Philadelphia had proved to the British almost as fatal as that of Capua to Hannibal. Sir William Howe had captured the city at the expense of much toll and blood; but In so doing, he had gained no substantial military advantage. It had indeed supplied him with comfortable winter quarters for his men. but this advantage was more than counterbalanced by the evils which accompanied It. The dissipation which It is Impossible to prevent among the conquerers in a conquered cHy, had enervated a large portion of his men, and others made acquaintances and formed attachments which caused them to desert by the hundred. Dr. Franklin never exhibited a deeper knowledge of human nature than in his reply, to the French Minister at Paris, who informed him that General Howe had taken Philadelphia. "Say, rather," replied the doctor, "that Philadelphia has taken him." The preHletlrhn was verified. One winter ill the city sufficed to demoralize the best army that England had as yet landed on our shores. In the spring of 1778, General Howe, wisely deeming that British laurels were of rare growth on American soil, solicited permission from his government to surrender the chief command in America, and return to England. His request was complied with, and Sir Henry Clinton appointed in his stead. The new commander soon became aware of the evils resulting from the hard-won conquest of his predecessor, find, as he could perceive no countervailing advantage from its occupation as a military post, he determined to abandon it. This was a maneuver that General Washington had no idea of permitting him to execute in peace. His scouts were constantly on the alert, and when, on the eighteenth of June, the enemy crossed the river and began his retreat, the American army was almost instantly in motion. The march of the British was necessarily retarded by the long train of wagons and pack-horses which they had collected for the transportation of their plunder, while the troops of Washington were light, and unencum bered by anything except their arms. A knowledge of this enabled the American commander to calculate with great certainly the time and place where the enemy mu.it be overtaken, and his dispositions wre made accordingly. Morgan's rif!es were ordered to gain their right flank: Maxwell's brigade their left: ai d fifteen hundred picked men, undo,- General Scott, to overtake and gall tin ir rear. Before reaching Monmouth Court House, Sir Henry Clinton became aware that he must soon be overtaken, and, like a consummate soldier, as he was, immediately changed the position of his troops, placing his baggage train In front and his most reliable veterans in the rear. That night, (June twenty-seventh.) he encamped In a strong position, protected by Impenetrable marshes on either flank. Though fully aware of the strength of the enemy's |H)MIIUII, Ul illC U tlUlu Utl HIE IIIVI unit, of the twenty-eighth General Washington. who was In the rear of his own army, sent orders to General Lee to begin the attack; but that officer, from some unaccountable cause, certainly not from a want of courage, instead of an attack, began a disorderly and hazardous retreat. A message from La Fayette brought Washington himself to the front. Those who saw him on that occasion describe him as animated by a passion that it was fearful to behold. Every muscle of his usually serene and placid countenance was alive and working. His eye burned with a fire that was absolutely scorching, and his voice rang louder than the trumpet that sounded the charge. Fiercely he demanded of General Lee the cause of "this ill-timed prudence;" fiercely he rode among the men and ordered them to halt, face about, and meet the now exultant and pursuing foe. His presence acted like magic, and soon, along the whole line, the roar of artillery, and the regular, sustained volleys of musketry, told that the retreat was at an end. Most of the details of that glorious day have been embalmed in more enduring histories than this, and the course of our narrative only requires special notice of the operations of the left flank, where Lord Stirling commanded, and under whom fought Aaron Burr. Anticipating a general engagement. Colonel Burr had employed nearly the whole of the preceding night reconnoitering the ground in his front. The sickness or absence of his superiors had developed upon him the command of one of Stirling's brigades, which was early in the action, opposed to a superior British force. Steadily and ,..1 ?u ,.f Wii,r|.,iwl I.nmu Ill llll > (lie vvinuiio vi i^ii^iui.m vM...v on. With equal firmness the Continentals , under their youthful commander, awaited their approach. At the distance of fifty yards the British order to "charge" was given ?an order which was immediately answered by that stern shout of the hardy Islanders which has spread terror through the ranks of their foes in every quarter of the globe: but now they were faced by men of kindred blood, and the response was a murderous volley, which checked their career and made wide gaps in their bristling line. Another, and another, succeeded; and then, in turn, the clear voice of Aaron Burr was heart! above the noises of the battle,? "Forward, and sweep them from the field!" Disordered as the British were by the heavy fires of musketry, they met the onset with all the proverbial courage and stubbornness of the race. IVALS. i of Aaron Burr and % Hamilton. 2LEMENS. Burr's second in command was killed by his side, and his own horse shot under him, before the enemy were borne back, rather than driven back to a morass, where they promptly reformed behind a supporting force. The issue of the direct attack in front had impressed upon the British officers a useful lesson, and they now endeavored. by skillful maneuvering, to gain his left flank. Here again they were met, and again they were foiled. Throughout the whole of that oppressive day combat succeeded combat, and when night put an end to the battle, Colonel Burr threw himself upon the ground where he had fought, in the midst of his men, with the dying and the dead around him, and impatiently awaited the reappearance of daylight, to renew the engagement. Sir Henry Clinton, however, had fared too badly during the day to willingly risk another struggle. If Washington's order had been obeyed by Lee In the early morning, he must have been totally routed; as it was, his losses were terrible; and, now that his baggage train had gained a day's march, every prudential consideration urged him to decamp, secretly, during the night, and follow after them. The morning of the twenty-ninth revealed to ih? Americans a camp occupied by none but those whose wounds had converted thvn from enemies into objects of compassion. The unremitted exertions of Colonel Burr on the field of Monmouth, his exposure to the burning- sun at noonday, and the chilling dews at nitjht, were too much for his delicate organization and he rose from the ground on the morning after the battle, so cramped and stiffened, that he was unable to mount his horse without assistance. Yet his physical sufferings brought no abatement of his patriotic zeal. He refused to let his name be entered on the sick report, and cheerfully, in obedience to the orders of Washington, marched to the neighborhood of New York, to watch the motions and obtain information of the intentions of the enemy. This duty was discharged to the entire satisfaction of the commander-in-chief; and when his services in that vicinity were no longer needed, he was ordered to proceed with his regiment to West Point. At West Point, the disease contracted at Monmouth reappeared in an aggravated form. He had' taxed his physical- powers beyond their strength, and was compelled to seek repose. A few weeks, passed among his old friends in Elizabethtown. improved his health so much that he was induced to believe a respite from labor, until the opening of the next campaign, would restore it entirely. The near approach of winter, and consequent suspension of active operations, took away much of his reluctance to ask for a furlough; and on the twenty-fourth of October he wrote to General Washington, giving an exact account of the state of his health and requesting leave to retire from pay and duty until the coming spring. General Washington, always severely just and upright, did not look at the subject in the same light that Colonel Burr did. He thought Burr's fears of the malicious insinuations of enemies groundless, and believed his feelings of delicacy at receiving pay during a period of temporary inactivity overstrained. He thought that an officer was as much entitled to pay during the period necessary for the restoration of his health, broken in the service of his country, as when he was actually in the field, and he could not understand how that country could withhold compensation, under the circumstances. without discredit to itself. Jealous of the honor of the Republic, and decided in his own opinion of the right, he replied to Colonel Burr's application in a letter whose pointed brevity is eloquent of the straight forward justice of the man: ? "HKADQt'AJtTBRS, FRRPBRICKSBITRO, 2tfth Oct.. 177S. "Dkar Sir: "I have your favor of the twentyfourth. You. in my opinion, carry your Ideas of delicacy too far, when you propose to drop your pay while the recovery of your health requires your absence from the service. It is not customary, and it would be unjust. You therefore have leave to retire until your health is so far re-established as to enable you to do your duty. Be pleased to give the colonel notice of this, that he may know where to call upon you. should any unforeseen emergency require it. "I am your obedient servant. fj. Washington." Burr's military conduct had thus far ?scaped the misrepresentations of envy: but he was painfully conscious that he had been sorely wounded in other respects, by false and malignant accusations. Notwithstanding the unbroken silence he maintained, no man ever suffered more under the lash of calumny. He shrunk from the venom of an evil tongue as timidly as a blushing girl. He did not know how soon the accuwr migiii i-iiut me ?imiuiu,i ?>i his military life. ami he Irrmblcil at the hare idea. Determined not to furnish the slightest excuse for ill-natur<d comments, he refused to accept the proffered leave of absence except upon his own terms, and immediately repaired to his post. Sir Henry Clinton exasperated by his |oss< s. and believing that a conciliatory policy would only add to the arrogance of rebels who had arms in their hands, determined henceforth to carry on the war upon a system of cruelty and plunder disgraceful to himself and the country which employed him. Ka.vlor's dragoons were surprised at night, near Tappan. and indiscriminately slaughtered. Pulaski's legion met a similar fate at Kgg Harbor. Nor were these barbarities confined to men who had taken up arms in the cause of the colonies. Peaceful citizens were remorselessly butchered, helpless females were outraged, and little children driven out houseless in the wintry weather. No part of the country witnessed more of these horrors than Westchester county, in the state of New York. From the very beginning of the war, the divisions among its in habitants had caused it to be overrun now by Whigs, now by Tories, and now by armed banditti who served whatever party promised at the time the greatest amount of plunder and the greatest license to cruelty. Scenes of rapine and lawless violence increased to such a degree, toward the close of 1778, that, in the language of an eyer witness, "no man went to his bed but under the apprehension of having his house plundered or burned, and himself or family massacred before morning." The British forces In New York made frequent Incursions into the country, and it was at all times overrun by their spies and emisaries. To counteract these evils and punish these outrages, various American officers had at different times been stationed upon the lines of Westchester; but all had been either outwitted and cut up by the enemy, or had imbibed the universal proclivity for plunder and murder, and become themselves no better than marauders. General McDougall. who had taken command of the district of country of which Westchester constituted a part, resolved that this state of things should come to an end?that the plundering parties from New York should be met and driven back?that the Inhabitants who remained peacefully at home should be protected, and the British emissaries detected and punished. In seeking for an officer upon whom he could fully rely to carry out his energetic purposes, he disregarded the claims of rank, and, overlooking several others who Imagined they were entitled to a preference, he called Colonel Burr from Haverstraw, where he was then stationed, and appointed him to the command of the lines from the Hudson to the Sound, a distance of fourteen miles?his headquarters being at White Plains, near the center. In his orders. General McDougall gave still further proof of his unbounded confidence in the valor, the discretion, the activity, the humanity, and the justice of Colonel Burr. After enumerating many things to which he wished particular attention should be paid, he added, in reference to all doubtful cases, I authorize you to be sole judge. Thus at the age of twenty-ihree. Colonel Burr was vested w'th almost unlimited powers in the coinm ind of one of the most important points in America. After events vindicated the choice of his general, and proved that the confidence reposed in him was not misplaced. On the day of his arrival at his future headquarters, he fourtd his predecessor preparing to set out on an expedition whose ostensible object was to watch the movements of the enemy ( near New Rochelle. Ill advised and injudicious as Colonel Burr regarded this enterprise, he did not feel au thorlzed to interfere, further than to enjoin upon -Colonel Little-field a strict regard for the rights of property, and a careful observance of military discipline on the march. The scouting party were gone the whole night, and the * next morning, after Colonel Burr had formally assumed the command, he was mortified by seeing them come into the post loaded with plunder. The license of the times and of the place had made robbery so much a mutter of course, that there was no attempt at concealment. The stolen articles were openly deposited in a heap to wait an equitable distribution among the robbers. At this sight Colonel Burr's feelings of delicacy toward his predecessor vanished. The whole property brought in was unhesitatingly seized and placed under a guard of his own selection. Regarding the commanding officer as really the most guilty of the party, he inflicted no pun ISIIIIleill Upon lilt? Illt-ll, uui lliauiuitu searching inquiries to ascertain from whom the property was taken; and when this was done, he ordered its immediate restoration to the real owners, without any discrimination between Whigs and Tories. At the same time, he distinctly intimated to officers and men that a license to rob was not to tie found in the military code, as he understood it, and clearly informed them that offenders in that line would hereafter be subjected to condign punishment. Nor was he content to pause here. During that day he rode to every post, repeating his orders and instructions at each one. and giving assurances of protection to the peaceful inhabitants as he went. There were among the troops on the lines of Westchester some who had served under or near Colonel Burr in former campaigns. These old soldiers knew that he meant what he said, and would perform to the letter whatever he promised or threatened, and not only dismissed all idea of indulging in any further license themselves, but prepared to aid their commander In )iis efforts to repress it In others. The people of the country, however, had heard so many solemn promises of the same kind, and had been so often deceived, that they distrusted his professions, and doubted his ability, if he had the will, to protect them; while the militia, who composed the larger part of his force, had long been so much accustomed to have their own way, that they looked almost in derision upon any attempt to restrain them from the exorcise of their favorite pursuits. Colonel Burr was perfectly aware of the fears of the people and the incredulity of the militia, and calmly awaited a fair opportunity to remove hot h. In the mean time, in order to prevent the intrusion of the enemy's spies, lie issued an order that n?? person from below should pass his lines 011 any pretext whatever. Their complaints, if they had any. and their communications, whatever they might be, were to be deposited at the posts, and trusty persons were designated at each one t.. i-ooulvo mikI fiirvvjiril them to head quarters. Ills next care was to make a careful reconnaissance of the country, which induced him to alter his posts and advance some of them three miles nearer the enemy. Nothing was neglected, and to everything he gave his personal attention. About this time an opportunity occurred to impress the men and the citizens with the full conviction of his unflinching determination to protect the defenseless. and restore peace and order to a rent and bleeding community. A man by the name of Gedney was robbed by a party of militia, and his family grossly insulted. The finale of the affair is thus narrated by Colonel Burr's biographer: ? "By what means he detected them was unknown: but. before twenty-four hours had elapsed, every man of the narty had been secured, and a great 1 part of the stolen property recovered. 1 Upon referring to his register. Colonel : Burr found that Oedney was a Tory': 1 but he was known to have taken no active part against the patriots, and ( Burr had promised that all such should j be protected. He therefore caused the I robbers to be drawn up in the presence ' of the troops, laden with their booty, | and then had them conducted by a < company of soldiers to Oedney's house. s There he required them, first, to restore J the stolen goods; next, to pay in money ( lor sucn as naa Deen iosi or uamuscu, i thirdly, he compelled each man to * present Gedney with a sum of money as a compensation for his fright and loss of time; fourthly, he had each robber tied up and flogged ten lashes; lastly, he made each of them ask pardon of the old man. and promise good behavior for the future. All these things were done with the utmost deliberation and exactness, and the effects produced by them were magical. Not another house was plundered, not another family was alarmed, while Colonel Burr commanded the Westchester lines. The mystery and swiftness of the detection, the rigor and fairness with which the marauders were treated, overawed the men whom three campaigns of lawless warfare had corrupted, and restored confidence to the people who had passed their lives in terror." TO BE CONTINUED. illiscrllaucous grading. BITTER ATTACK ON LYON. f Tillman Denounces Abbeville Man as a c r Slanderer and Liar. } There was a brief mention In The * Enquirer of last Tuesday of Senator Tillman's attack on Mr. Lyon in his r Columbia speech Monday night. For s the sake of the record it is proper to ? give a fuller report of the senator's t remarks, and the circumstances un- ti der which they were made. It seems c that the campaign meeting was divld- j ed in sections, the candidates for state j, offices speaking during the day and <1 Congressman Lever and Senator Till- v man speaking at night. The night crowd swelled to such proportions h that it could not be accommodated in the Capitol and Senator Tillman spoke ^ from the state house steps. There s were no facilities for reporting and b the newspaper men had to get along 1 as best they could. Following is Au- ^ gust Kohn's report to the News and t Courier: c Senator Tillman spoke of his Inau- ^ guration from the state house steps " in 1890. He said then there were few Columbia people present. He always felt a kindness towards Columbia. He said he had always tried to represent the entire people in the senate. He spoke of his gratification at being re-elected without opposition. He expected to make twenty speeches and If any felt aggrieved . they could scratch him as 18,000 did six years ago. He said he had been a leader simply because he had the s courage of his convictions, and had the manhood to go to the front regardless of results. He wanted the c people to act for themselves. v He spoke of the small vote in the f recent elections under the Brice act. . He saw no reason why he should not '' say the dispensary was the best solu- v tion of the liquor problem. If you y, don't want the dispensary vote it out under the Briee act. The old fac- r tionallsm of the early nineties is dead f and buried, thank God, he said. The s real meaning of Tillmanism is thai s one white man's vote counts for as much as that of any other. There was no use to get mad about this a liquor issue. He ridiculed the recent n correspondence about the oath against blind tigering that was recently sent the ofTicers of a social club in Green- c ville. He said the dispensary made z money and reduced taxes and pro- . longed the school term, and as for himself he had no objection to such v money. v Defended the Dispensary. o Senator Tillman then took up a a crnnuru 1 ilofoiwn r?f thf? TV system. Grant that the dispensary Is rotten, who made it but the legislature? This same legislature that brought about such a condition want- v ed to kill it. He expected some steal- 0 ing has been going on. In Spartanburg, he said, were some dirty, rotten dispensaries and the county board li was appointed by the delegation, t some of them prohibitionists, he j, thought. Minimize the liquor evil all you can and then let's get all the money we can out of it and not send it to t Georgia or North Carolina. The mon- , ey is incidental. . He jumped on county dispensaries. He endorsed the plan of the Raysor- i Manning bill, but It needed a gover- s nor who was not afraid of his shadow. . four. r?o >i,l i/1 n t oil the dispensary platform, and he wished to s take no sides and play no favorites, n and three against it, and one with lo- v cal option with the tail, license, cut off. He was not going to meddle in ' this gubernatorial race. He wanted a man of integrity and honesty select- c ed: he wanted a governor elected whose record personally was absolutely clean and honest and whose repu- t tation was above reproach. He want- e ed a legislature and wanted to see ,, straddlers killed off. He wanted a straight clean-cut delegation fight in ' every county in South Carolina. The t opposition scheme is to kill the state j dispensary and then all is easy, it Is urged. It was a combination of three influences to. kill the dispensary and v each expected his reward. The next a cry Is to take the county out of the t rum trade and then go to a license system. The idea is in time to get hack to the old days of the mirrors. I Hits at Charleston Again. ' He said the mayor of Charleston * had made the pitiful statement under s oath that he had only been able to reduce the tigers to 160, and these are f made to pay fines and were recognized in this way. He was utterly op- ' posed to any license system. Charles- t ton has nullified the dispensary law. <; He was glad there were so many ladies present. He was proud to speak to so many of Columbia's women. He made a plea to the women to keep r out of the license system. He did not c , i.? uo-.m^i.tHnirln . WUIU lu u^i'rai (W uc nun ? any of the state contests, and he did not want to appear as taking any sides. He simply wanted to speak of one candidate as a matter of self-respect. It was purely a personal matter. He then related that he had published an address about the investigation and he said, he could not understand the delays in getting down into the cesspool of dispensary rottenness. He and others believed there was rottenness. He called attention to the liquor claims that were held up. He contended that' none of that liquor was legally bought. There was no competition and he could prove it. He warned the committee about these claims. The committee seemed to be stiff on something and as soon as they got close to anything they petered out. He cited the Newberry matter. Ridiculed the Committee. He censured the committee for quitting on this Newberry matter, and then jumped on the committee for stopping at the name of the party who represented Lanahan. Why did they refuse to get the name of this political agent? Why should they not have gotten that name? They went into other hearsay evidence. They wanted to show the humbuggery ol this graft-killing committee. Then he took up the Davis testimony on Hub Evans and wanted tr know why they didn't bring Brtggs Wilson here. Men are running agalnsi the dispensary on ail this flimsy evilence. No one was opposed to killing graft, but why float such a pretentious flag, as that of being the p-eat and only graft-killer? He spoke of the committee's work as useess In large part. He spoke of the lally newspapers as the whisky sheets. Governor Heyward wrote an >rder to bring criminal action, and jenerai voumans naa toia you wnj [lo one was arrested and no action Drought. General You mans tells you :here Is not a grain of evidence tc ?onvlct In the Parker testimony. Very Mad at Lyon. And yet this young man wants the position of the great Conner and Younans. He'll get there on the votes ol rhe News and Courier and The State, re added. He would nay why he adrised the people not to elect such a nan as Mr. Lyon, and then he read he letter Mr. Lyon wrote an attorney elative to his claim. Lyon wrote In lubstance: "He ought to remember hat he himself Is under lnvestlgalon," and so forth, and that he wantid to go to see If the rebates had )een paid back. Lyon did not stop here, but he went on to say that Ben nilman had recelveed a piano from >ome liquor firm. Lyon said he had teard such a rumor, but made no direct charge. Mr. Lyon did not give lis authority. Had Mr. Lyon been the Ight sort of a man he could have ound out all about the piano wlth>ut such a slur on him. He said it ras pitiful to suggest he could be iribed by such a gift. He bought the >iano in 1891 and paid for It. but he Lyon) had the mean, cur dog pro>ensities of making such a slur against lim. He said Mr. Lyon mlsrepresent d Abbeville By such a course. He mid thin hppnikp hp wjls never treated vith discourtesy In Abbeville. He ?ever had an unkind word said to him n Abbeville, and thin man. coming rom such a people, tells the world >ver his dirty signature that he had ecelved this piano from a whisky louse. He had waited patiently for he report of this sub-committee to ind something on this piano. This roung man had a case of swell head; >ufTed up by the newspapers. In his econd Interview he repeated his Iniuuatlon, and made it personal. He xpeoted Mr. Lyon to have the decency o retract his Implied Insinuation, not laving found a particle of proof. He ould have written hirr a personal leter or apologized. Tonight he wished o denounce this whole charge as an nfamous He. He simply said what he lid as a matter of sell-respect and he fished to denounce him as a slanderer. Voice: "And a liar, Tillman!" Senator Tillman: "I've already called ilm a liar." Senator Tillman spote of his strenious work In congress In his rate bill Ight. He spoke of hi? plans for this ummer and how strenuous It would ie. He wanted to step speaking, but he crowd Insisted on his going ahead n' falUlncr lnncrpr hilt hp said that he iad twenty more speeches to make in his state within the month and he ould stand it no long;r. He thanked its audience and afbtr telling them omething of his senatorial work reired amid the plaudits of the crowd. THE INVENTOR OF CHESS. lis Price 8eemed Modest, But It Could Not B>? Paid. Aft Arablan, author, A1 Sophadl reates the following curious anecdote: A methematlolan named Sessa the on of Dahar. the subject of an Indian irlnce, having Invented the game of hess, his sovereign wts highly pleased . 1th the Invention and. wishing toconer on him some reward worthy of ils magnificence, desired him to ask whatever he thought proper, assuring tim that it would bi granted. The nathematician, howeaer, only asked or a grain of wheat for the first qua re of the chessboard, two for the econd, four for the third, and so on o the last, or sixty-fourth. The prince t first was almost incensed at this denand, conceiving that it was ill suited o his liberality. By the advice of his ourtiers, however, he ordered his viler to comply with Sessa's request, nit the minister was much astonished i-hen having caused the quantity of i-heat necessary to fulfill the prince's rder to be calculated, he found that II the grain In the royal granaries, and nil Mint In those of his SUbiects ,"d in nil Asia, would not be sufficient. He therefore Informed the prince, tho sent for the mathematician and andidly acknowledged that he was not ieh enough to be able to comply with lis demand, the Ingenuity of which as. onished him still more than the game le had invented. It will be found by calculation that lie sixty-fourth term of the double irogresslon, beginning with unity, Is .223.S72.036.854.77ri.808, and the sum of II the terms of this double progresion. beginning with unity, may be obit ined bv doubling the last term and ubtractlng the first from the sum. ""he number therefore of the grains of rhrat required to satisfy Sessa's der nand will be 18 446.744.073.709.551.615. Now. If a pint contains 9.216 grains if wheat, a gallon will contain 73.728, nd a bushel (eight gallons) will conaln 589.784. Dividing the number of trains by this quantity, we get 31.274 97,412.295 for the number of bushe's lecessary to discharge the promise of he Indian prince. And if we suppose hat one acre of land Is capable of prolucing in one year thirty bushels of vheat it would require 1,042.499.913.741 <res. which is more than eight times lie entire surface of the globe for the llameter of the earth being taken at ,930 miles, its whole surface, includng land and water, will amount to cry little more thr.n 126.437.889.177 quare acres. If the price of a bushel of wheat be stlmated at $1 the value of the above luantlty probably exceeds that of all he riches on the earth.?Follies of Jcienco. The Smaudkst Ske Had.?A contactor on the O'Fallon Park divislor >f the St. I.ouis and Suburban railway lad such a good run of business Sunlay afternoon, relates the St. Louis 3lobe-Democrat, thai he had difficulty 11 keeping himself supplied with small hange. Many persons who patronized lis car handed him dollars and bills ol arger denominations in payment ol heir fares. The conductor, however, managed tc fet along fairly well until a woman arrylng a tiny infant, boarded his car SVhen he approachel the woman fot ler fare she handed him a $5 bill. "Is that the smallest you have nadam?" queried th? conductor, fearng another stringency in change. The woman looked at the conductoi and then at her baby, and made this lurprising reply: "Yes, I have been married onlj welve months." "I never was so sold while I hav< jeen working on the road," said th( conductor afterward in telling the motorman of the Incident. SOUTH CMOUtt : _fl : How the Sinirit of Liberty Unconquerat lly REV, ROBERT i From the Yorkvtlle Enquirer of 1876. INSTALLMENT XIV. t Battle of RameouFs Mill. ( After the discomfiture of Buford at c Waxhaw, Tarleton repaired to Camden, f | The facts In the case were soon com- c t municated to Sir Henry Clinton, the c I commander-in-chief of the British a forces In America. Over the affair at a Waxhaw, the British were jubilant. 7 After the fall of Charleston they i thought the state of South Carolina f was subdued. Now they were sure of ti It. On the third of June, Sir Henry r Clinton wrote that there were very few f people In South Carolina who had not d returned to their former allegiance to v the British government. On the fifth r of June. Sir Henry full of bright hopes, t and cheered by the prospects that the thirteen colonies would be In a short I time made as formerly a part and par- r eel of the British government, set out c with the main body of his army for I New York. 1 The British army In the south was t Wf In command of Lord Cornwallls. r Before leaving for New York, Sir Hen- f ry Clinton Issued a proclamation, In J which the paroles of citizens werenul- t lifled and all were required to take up g arms for the purpose of crushing out It as speedily as possible, the rebellion. Ii No neutrality was allowed. Whoever r i was not for the British government, f was to be regarded as against It Clt- a izens wore required to enter the Brit- II Ish army and assist In subduing their Ii fellow citizens. This when viewed in ii one aspect, was a wise step; but when v viewed In another aspect, was very un- t wise. Sir Henry Clinton, no doubt a thought the people of South Carolina B were In sympathy with the govern- c ment of England. At least, he thought o from all external signs of the times z that the great majority of the people t of South Carolina had despaired of the t success of the colonies. His past ex- g perlence ought to have taught him dlf- I: ferently. The people were not subdued. They were only quiet. Those who had a rebelled against the government of |] England were still, In heart, rebels, v Necessity was forcing them to remain o in a neutral state. Besides multitudes e of individuals had left the state and n were. In connection with the citizens of o other states, preparing for renewing t the conflict. Pickens, Sumter, Mc- v Call, Hammonds, Hampton, Llddle and n Rutledee together with multitudes of t other South Carolinians of little lees t note, had sought voluntary exile for a d time. The same course had been pur- I sued by Hawley, Clark and Dooley of t Georgia. Like Alfred, one of England's r early monarchs, these men had secreted themselves amongst the "back wa- v ter" men, and were waiting like Alfred J for a proper occasion to pounce down J upon the Invaders of their country. n Both Clinton and Cornwallis were o mistaken. South Carolina was not t subdued. Her patriots only made a r virtue of necessity and kept quiet, r The massacre of Buford's command r drove the Inhabitants of the Waxhaw s settlement in various directions. Most a of them sought shelter and protection ^ amongst the Whigs of North Carolina, t in the regions adjacent to Charlotte. I The widowed mother of Andrew Jack- o , son. with her two sons, found a home \ in the house of Widow Wilson, in Su- f gar Creek congregation. In this Whig i tho tain r?f thplr suffering: was r I tbIVl. I..V ? w (old. The massacre of Buford's command was narrated and the "hornets' nest" region was thoroughly aroused. Gem rals Rutherford and Davie called out the militia and the Rev. Dr. McWhorter poured his patriotic soul Into a speech to them. Everybody was full of patriotic sentiments and anxiously desired a fit time to strike a blow, to defend the rights of their country, and avenge the blood of their massacred countrymen. Gen. Davie having been | wounded in the thigh at the battle of ' Stono. on the 20th of June, 1779, had now sufficiently recovered to take the field. With a part of his cavalry he undertook to reconnoitre the country \ between Charlotte and Camden. The militia were dismissed with instructions to put their arms in proper repair and be ready to meet Gen. Rutherford at a moments wnrnlung. North and South Carolina were orig, inally one, and under the royal government of England; and today they remain twin sisters. The region about Charlotte and the upper section of the state of South Carolina, was settled by people from the same country, by a , people entertaining the same political notions and the same religious creed, and worshipping God in the same way. For more than two hundred years they have preserved their type clear ana a well marked. The struggles and trl- c umphs of South Carolina were the s struggles and triumphs of North Car- ^ ollna. When Charleston surrendered. ^ both wept. Wh'*n Huford's command > was butchered both were incensed, f When Ferguson fell and his command a , annihilated at King's Mountain, rep- ^ resentatlves of Loth states were there t and the joy was mutual. t The object of the British officers ! was to station garrisons in various sec- t , tions of the state of South Carolina. | gather up and embody the loyalists a i and as soon as the crops of wheat were s r harvested in North Carolina, march In- i I to that state and put its Inhabitants t nnrier th? vokc. Cornwallis was anx- r > lous to form a junction with the loy- c > al Scotch In the region of Fayetteville. u Here the romantic Flora McDonald u , had landed In 1775 and espoused with r i all her soul the cause of George the i Third. Unfortunate woman, she In e . turn hazarded her life both for the a house of Stuart and the house of Han- f over: and In her own language, was j . "no great gainer by it." t AVhen Sir Henry Clinton set out for i . New York, Lord Cornwallis returned l , to Charleston, leaving Lord Rawdon In j command at Camden. Knowing that t r the Waxhaw country was a nest \ of determined Whigs, and also a futile | j region of country, Lord Rawdon estab- t , lished a garrison on Waxhaw creek < . about thirty miles south of Charlotte, j The militia of the counties of Mecklen- j ft HI ifiREVOLVTHW Was Kept Alive By an >le People. * LATIIAN, 13. 13. >urg and Rowan were called out by Jen. Rutherford. Rawdon made an enarnpment at Hanging' Rock. Rutherord had about eight hundred militia in ^imp, about eighteen miles northwest ?f Charlotte. On hearing of Rawdon's idvance to Hanging Rock, Rutherford idvaneed ten miles, to Mallard creek, rhe cavalry numbering only sixty-flve, mder command of Gen. Davie, were ormed Into two companies and placed inder the command of Captains Slmnons and Martin. A battalion of five iundred light Infantry was placed un- ' ler the command of William P. Da- 1 idson. Such were the preparations nade by the North Carolina WhigB to hwart the efforts of the British. Before setting out for Charleston, 1 jord Cornwallis had sent a man by the lame of John Moore, Into the region of ountry now occupied by the town of Jncolnton, North Carolina. This John doore was a loyalist, and had been In he British army for some time. His larents resided some six or seven miles rom IJncolnton. On the seventh of rune, John Moore reached the nelghtorhood. He wore a sword and a ragred suit of refirimentals. The Darticu ?r account of the actual state of things n the south was brought to this reegion by John Moore. This candidate or military honors, announced himself 8 a lieutenant colonel of Colonel HamIton's regiment of North Carolina ' oyalists. He called upon the loyalists n the community to meet him in the roods, on Indian creek, on the 10th of he month. When the day arrived, 1 .bout forty men were on the ground. 4oore proceeded in a set speech to ommunlcate the general instructions f Lord Cornwall is to the loyal citl- ' ens; the purport of which was that he loyalists were to lie quiet until afer harvest, but in the meantime to 1 ;et ready for operating with the Brit- 1 sh when called upon. Just as this meetnlg was to break up, , runner arrived communicating the ntelllgence that Joseph McDowell, who ! ras out scouring the country in search ; f the leaders of the loyalists, was only lght miles distant and had only twenty nen in his command. Lieutenant Col- 1 nel Moore felt confident that with fory men, he could capture McDowell kith only twenty. It was necessary to nake some arrangements for the enerprise and the next morning all were o assemble for the onset. The next lay came, but McDowell was gone. Ie was pursued as far as the mounains between Burke and Lincoln, but lot overtaken. On the 13th a general rendezvous ras ordered by Col. Moore at Ramsour's dills. Two hundred loyalists met doore on the 13th, and on the 14th the lumber was greatly Increased. Nichlas Welch, a major in Col. Hamllon's loyal regiment was among: the lumber. He was a native of the community. and instead of being clad in ags like Moore, he wore a splendid uit and was able to display a large .mount of gold guineas. It was Velch's time to make a speech. He old-the people of the success of the Iritlsh arms and of the melting away f the American forces. Captivated by Velch's fine regimentals or thirsting or his gold guineas, the loyalists were nsplred with great confidence in the nan and his cause. Poor Moore and ils ragged uniform sunk into contempt. ?he camp of these loyalists or Tories, vas discovered by Cbl. Hugh Brevard ind Major Joseph McDowell. These rave Whigs hung around their camp, md excited within them anything else tut feelings of confidence. Welch atempted to capture Brevard and McDowell, but was unsuccessful. So soon as Gen. Rutherford learned hat Lord Rawdon had returned to Camden, he determined to make an atack upon this Tory camp at Ramsour's n.Lu.ii. 10tV /\# Tn na mils. Oil nuuumn, nit; loiu ui ?uuv, ie set out from his camp, which at that Ime was south of Charlotte for the Puckasege ford on the Catawba Vhllst encamped at Mallard creek, leneral Rutherford, not knowing as et what course Lord Rawdon would mrsue, ordered Col. Locke. Major Wll*>n and Captains Falls and Brandon, ogether with the other military officers n the region to raise men and disperse he Tories. Rutherford's object In this ras to retain his own force to oppose tawdon. On the same day that Gen. lutherford set out In the direction of tamsour's mill, he sent a dispatch to Pol. Locke and his men to meet him lear Tuckasege ford, on the evening of he 19th or the morning of the 20th. Phe early part of the 19th was wet tnd unfit for moving. About twelve 'clock, the rain ceased and the sun ihone out. The guns of the soldiers laving become wet. were fired off. Phis caused a general rush of the iVhigs of the neighborhood to Rutherord's camp. On the evening of the ame day the Catawba was crossed at ruckasege ford and that night the men inder Rutherford encamped about six een miles from Ramsour's mill. No plan of operation was concerted >etween Rutherford and Locke. The atter in good faith and with proper ipirit, in concert with other kindred ipirits, set about making' preparations n earnest to disperse the Tories. On he morning of the 19th, the forces unler McDowell, Wilson, Fails, Brandon ;reek, on the west side or (jaiawoa, ind Locke encamped on Mountain ibout sixteen miles from Ramsour's nill and thirty-five from the camp of Rutherford. The whole force amountd to about four hundred men. Here i council of officers was held, and their uture movements freely discussed. Some suggested that they should recross he Catawba and wait for reinforcenents; others proposed that the whole 'orce should march at once and form i Junction with Gen. Rutherford. Both hese propositions, for various reasons, vere objected to. Some in the overlowing of their patriotism, insinuated hat both propositions indicated a fear )f the Tories. This settled the question Lt once. It was determined to boldly ittack the Tories as soon as possible. Col. Johnson was sent to Inform Gen. Rutherford of their conclusion and to ask his co-operation. Johnson arrived at Rutherford's camp at ten o'clock on the night of the 19th. Gen. Rutherford thinking that his message had reached the camp of Locke shortly after the departure of Col. Johnson, remained In camp anxiously awaiting the arrival of Locke's forces. Late in the afternoon, Locke, McDowell, Wilson, Falls and others, set out with the four hundred men under them for the Tory camp at Ramsouris mill. At the west end of the mountain the tronns were hotted for on hour and the officers consulted respecting the mode of attack. Every officer was left to his own discretion and to act as circumstances might demand. The only thing definitely arranged was that the companies under McDowell, Brandon and Falls should act as cavalry and march in front. At daylight they were within a mile of the enemy's camp. The camp was favorably situated for those occupying it It was on the hill three hundred yards from It am sour" mill and about half a mile from Lincolnton. The Tories had a picket guard of twelve men stationed in the road which passed over the hill. The horsemen under McDowell, Brandon, Wilson and Falls were arranged by twos. So soon as the Tory pickets discovered the cavalry, they fired and fled to their camp. They were pursued to the lines and then the Tories poured in a galling Are, which drove the cavalry of the patriots back. The cavalry passed through the infantry under Locke and afterwards formed and renewed the attack. As might have been expected the mode of attack was very disorderly. The Whigs moved forward boldly, but in great disorder. In a short time the Tories, driven from the hill, retired behind the ridge. Here their fire became more destructive and the patriots took shelter behind the bushes. Captain Harden, at this juncture of affairs, led a. small band of Whigs Into the fight. Protecting his men behind a fence, he poured in a destructive Are upon the right flank of the enemy. The Whigs made an oblique movement which put them in possession of a more favorable position. The conflict now became & hand-to-hand flght. The parties struck each other with the butts of their guns. The Tories finding that they were pressed at all points, left the ridge and crossed over the creek on the other side of the mill. When they were seen thus posting themselves, Major Wilson and Captain Alexander were sent to urge General Rutherford to hasten to the assistance of the patriots. They met Rutherford about six miles from the battleground. Major Davie and his cavalry rushed at full speed to the scene of action. Col. Davidson's command followed with all possible speed. These parties had not gone but a couple of miles until they were Informed that the Tories had retreated and the battle was over. The loss on each side waa about equal. It was hard to tell a Tory from P a Whig since both were dressed in citizens' clothes. The Whigs wore as a ? mark of distinction a piece of white paper In the front of their hats, whilst the Tories wore a branch of pine In the same place. When the flght became hand-to-hand, the Tories took the pine branch out of their hats and threw it away. The Tories sent In a flag asking a truce to bury the dead, but at the same time Moore and Welch marched the Tory troops away; or to speak more correctly, they ordered every man to run away or get away as best he could. Moore with a squad of thirty men reached Cbmden where he was abused and degraded by the commander of the British forces. After the battle was over about seventy men were found dead on the ground, about one half of which were Whigs. About one hundred on each side were wounded, and about fifty Tories were taken prisoners. Captains Dobson, Smith, Falls, Bowman and Armstrong were killed, and Captains Houston and McKissick wounded. The Tories lost In officers. Captains Cumberland, Murray and Warlick, killed; and Captain Carpenter wounded. The patriots were victorious; but It was a sad victory. The next day the dead were buried and a loner and loud wall was uttered by the relatives of the slain, many of whom had fallen by the hands of their neighbors and kindred. It, however, taught the Tories a salutary lesson, and proved to the British that the country was not subdued. THE PLAINS TRIBES, Typical American Indians of the Great Northwest. The northwest plains Indians is to the average person the typical American Indian, the Indian of our school day books?powerful of physique, statuesque, gorgeous in dress, with the bravery of the firm believer In predestination. The constant, fearless hunting and slaughtering of the buffalo trained him to the greatest physical endurance and gave an inbred desire for bloodshed. Thousands of peace loying, agricultural living Indians might climb down from their cliff perched homes, till their miniature farms, attend their flocks and at night time climb back up the winding stairs to their home in the clouds and attract no attention,, but if a fierce band of Sioux rushed down on a hapless emigrant train the world would soon learn of it. The culture of all primitive people is necessarily determined by their environment. This, of course, means that all plains tribes, though speaking a score of languages, were in life and manner broadly alike. They were buffalo hunting Indians, and only in rare cases did they give any attention to agriculture. Buffalo meat was their food, and thfr by products their clothing, tools and implements. The plains tribes in earlier times were certainly true nomads. For a time. In the deDths of winter, they camped In the shelter of some forest along the streams. Other than that wherever roamed a herd of buffalo, there also wandered the bands of northern Indians. The very existence of these tribes seemed bound to that of the buffalo. From the skins their lodges were built, while the hair on the hides furnished the robes for the body as well as mattresses and bed covering. The meat, prepared In many ways, with the addition of a few roots and berries, furnished their entire food. Advancing civilization has swept these countless herds from the face of the plains and left their human companions stranded.?E. S. Curtis in Scribner's Magazine. ' ' t' -.y