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lewis m.'grist, Proprietor. J Independent Jamili) gjkrcspaper: Joe Hie promotion of the folitiqal, Social, Agricultural and Commercial Interests of the .South. ] TERMS?$2.00 A YEAR IN ADVANCE. VOL. 39. YOEKVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY. MARCH 1, 1893. JSTO. 9. THE INAUGURATION. HOW GROVER CLEVELAND WILL BE INDUCTED INTO OFFICE. till First Inauguration Compared with Others of Recent History?The Weather an Important Factor?Mr. Cleveland Has Always Be:n Fortunate In This Respect. ICopyright, 1893.1 IF THE weather be as fine as was the case on the 4th of March, 1885, the inau?-mj *i?w gural ceremonies J&t Nybich Mr. Cleveland will be fij i g>r honored on the ') irJ V VwmI March, 'fj I /J \ \W\ 1898, will prob? ?ll ? ill ? W nV?l?? Krt oa VnnL HI $1tfSZZZr** L'^l H: have ever occur* "-* red. Mr. CTeveland was exceptionally fortunate when he was first inaugurated. Those who live in Washington look forward to I the inauguration ceremonial with keenest anticipations of pleasure, which are always?tempered somewhat by apprehension that the weather may be bad. President Harrison was inaugurated on a day when the rain ?\*as both heavy and chilly. Garfield's inauguration took place amid the most unpleasant atmospheric conditions, although the rain did not fall until evening. The day was raw and cloudy, and those who were spectators suffered considerably, especially the company which was permitted to sit upon the platform erected at the east portico, and upon which the president stood when he took the oath , and delivered his inaugural. Perhaps the most trying inauguration day was that which occurred on the 4th of March, 1873. General Grant was then to take the oath of president for a second time, and arrangements had been made for a very brilliant military and civic display. On the evening of the 8d of March a bitter cold wave set in, increasing in severity during the night, so that on the morning of the 4th Washington was suffering as it seldom suffers from cold accompanied by a high wind. It was as near an approach to a blizzard as the capital has ever experienced. The military suffered very greatly, some of them were overcome with the cold, and the cadets from West Point and the naval academy who were not well protected were completely demoralized, 6ome of them suffering from frost bitten ears and fingers. An immense throng had gathered in Washington to witness this ceremonial, but many did not dare to venture forth and face the cold. But when Cleveland appeared to take the oath the sun smiled upon him. The air was as balmy as it is in Washington in May. The suggestion of summer was given by the warmth of the day, by the songs of the birds, and by the buds, which, tempted by the warm south winds, were almost ready to burst into early blossoms. The day was exceptional. One of the earlier presidents had been in' CLEVELAND'S FIRST INAUGURATION, augurated upon a day when it seemed as though May instead of March had come, but the usual experience is either in clement or chilly weather. Of course preparations are being made for an inaugural ceremonial without any thought of the weather. It is customary for the citizens of Washington to appoint a local committee, which is authorized to t:i!ro chr.r;-" of (ho military and civic display. This committee appoints subcommittees, to which are delegated such duties as preparing for the inaur gural ball, for invitations, for arranging for the right of line and other places in the line, and this committee has cooperation with the government and the committees of congress. Already it is made evident that the military display will be quite as imposing as any that have been made at previous inaugurations, while the indications are that the civic display may exceed in brilliancy and nimbi rs any ever "witnessed in Washington i.pon a similar occasion. The Washington committee has been in communication with Mr. Cleveland, and some of the details of the ceremony have been determined. In some respects these do not differ from those which have characterized other inaugurations. It has always been the custom, for instance, for the president elect upon his arrival in Washington either to call in person or to send formally his card to the president. Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Buchanan exchanged calls within a few hours after Mr. Lincoln's arrival in Washington, and Lincoln was greatly impressed with the courtesy and consideration shown to him by the retiring president. Mr. Cleveland when he arrived in Washington in 1885 called early in the day upon President Arthur and was cordially received, and before an hour elapsed the president returned the call. Cleveland was also invited to dine with his predecessor, and after the dinner, which was a delightful affair, ho retired with President Arthur to the president's private room, and there, casting aside formalities, they renewed acquaintance begun years before and sat chatting until far into the night. Upon Mr. Cleveland's arrival in Wash mgton, wmcn will prooaoiy occur aoout the*2d of March, he will go the Arlington hotel, and very likely have the same apartments there which he occupied in 1S85. Whether Mrs. Cleveland and the little girl will be with him is a matter of Borne doubt. The baby certainly will not be taken to the White House if there be the slightest danger of contagion, of which there is some fear, since it is known that the germs of scarlet fever are sometimes very difficult to kill. President Harrison will be informally notified of Mr. Cleveland's arrival, so that he may be prepared to receive him when he calls at the White House, which he will probably do about 11 o'clock. The visit will be purely formal and is likely to be of not more than ten minutes' duration. Mr. Cleveland will then return to the Arlington and await a visit of ceremony from President Harrison, which will be made before an hour has expired. The president elect will probably dine with President Harrison, although the dinner will be very private, find probably an intorinai one in view or the recent affliction which has befallen General Harrison. These formalities will end the ceremonials 60 far as the president and president elect aro concerned. Other details have been arranged very much as is the case in all inaugural ceremonies. A committee of congress specially appointed will upon the morning of Inauguration Day an hour or so before V noon call at the Arlington for Mr. Cleveland, and in an open carriage, unless t the weather be very stormy, drawn by four as handsome horses as can be found, will escort the president elect to the White House. President Harrison will be ready, and seated beside his successor upon the rear seat of the carriage, two senators facing them upon the front seat, they will be drive? to the CapitoL President Harriv 1 _ eon will bo followed "by tbe members of his cabinet, but it is not at all likely, as has been reported, that Mr. Cleveland's prospective cabinet will be also in the procession, since the public is not supposed to know formally that he has a cabinet in view. While these ceremonies are going on the vice president elect will be sworn in to the office for which he was chosen last November, and immediately after that ceremony, the house of representatives having adjourned sine die at 12 o'clock, both houses of congress will proceed to the platform erected over the steps in front of the eastern entrance to the Capitol. The chief justice of the United States and the associate justices and such distinguished men as may be specially invited will be also provided with seats upon this platform. Custom has varied somewhat the proceedings which take place after the distinguished company reaches the platform. Sometimes the president elect first j receives tne oatti trom tne cmei justice | i and then delivers his inaugural. Presi- ! dent Garfield read his inaugural message j first, and then, turning to Chief Justice Waite, said, "I am now ready to receive the oath." Mr. Cleveland when he was first inaugurated departed from the precedent set by his predecessors. Every one of those who had held the office of president before him read the inaugural message from manuscript, and Garfield had some difficulty in so doing, since tho wind was so strong that he could not j ! keep the sheets in place. Mr. Cleveland, however, discarded manuscript, and it was with something of surprise that the distinguished company behind him, many of whom had seen every president inaugurated since Buchanan's time, saw the young president elect step forward without manuscript and proceed in a clear, skillfully modulated but not very strong voice to address the vast throng before him. Mr. Cleveland has the faculty of committing an address to memory j by the mental operation required in writ- j ! ing it. His address was shorter than I 1 any other inaugural excepting the second | oue of Lincoln. After the oath has been administered the military and civic display will be seen. During the forenoon the military companies will at their convenience J march to the plaza beyond the eastern front of the Capitol, and there will be assigned to their various positions in 1 line. They will be drawn up in line in 1 front of the vast throng which usually ' occupies that part on Inaugural Day. 1 The civic societies will also be assigned places mere, ana as suun as me uam is i : administered Mr. Cleveland will be es- : ! corted to his carriage and will take his ' place in the line. The procession will ! then start, returning to the White House j by way of Pennsylvania avenue, and I when the "^Vhite House has been reached Mr. Cleveland and those whom he has invited will from a reviewing stand i honor the military and civic organizaI tions by saluting and being saluted in I return as t'ney pass by. THE DRIVE TO THE CAPITOL. Washington gets a perfect illustration of the truth which is contained in that trite saying, "The king is dead; long live j the king!" on Inauguration Day. With { the administration of the oath a presi- ; I dent becomes a private citizen, and a t private citizen becomes the occupant of : 1 an office which Mr. Abram S. Hewitt, ' of New York, has described as the grand- j * ' est political office upon earth. He who j was president in the morning and now ! ( becomes ex-president usually goes away j t without any formal courtesy at parting. | < Mr. Hayes was driven from the Capitol 1 directly to the railway station, where ' his family was awaiting him, and started f for his home in Ohio, and within an hour . had as narrow an escape from death as t any man ever experiences who is in a f railway accident. ! t General Arthur quitted the White : i House for good when he left it to escort , t his successor to the Capitol. After the 1 oath was administered to Cleveland Ar- 1 1 thur went as a guest to the house of Secretary of State Frelinghuysen. He j , remained in Washington, however, long- i ( i er than any ex-president ever did, since ; I he was Mr. Frelinghuysen's guest for I nearly a month. Mr. Cleveland quitted j Washington immediately after the inaugural ceremonies, and it is understood ; that President Harrison will leave the capital on the afternoon of Inauguration I Day. The indications are that the military disDlav. while it will be imposing, may not exceed in numbers the military escort tendered at some other inaugurations. At General Grant's second inauj gural and upon the occasion of Garfield's inauguration there was a very large mili- ; tary attendance, both from the United States anny and from the state militia. HARRISON'S INAUGURATION But if the military display is not so large as others have been the civic bodies in the procession promise greatly to exceed any other demonstration of that j kind. Conspicuous in it will be the rep- J resentatives of Tammany Hall. This delegation will bo under the direction of General McMahon, who is the grand marshal, and will have the right of line, and | the Tammany leaders are making more elaborate preparations for the event than j they have ever done for any other public demonstration in which they have participated. There may bo 3,000 or 1 i 4,000 of them in line. They will all be , J dressed alike. They will wear silk hats t nf !,? etvlo and most brilliant V. ...v gloss. Artistic badges which will ap- | | peal to the eye will be pinned to the lapels of their coats. Mr. Croker himself is quite likely to march in this proces- ! sion, and other politicians of Tammany . Hall whoso activity in the organization has given them wide repute will be found marching side by side with hum- I ! bier members. i Mr. Cleveland is pleased with this dis- I position of Tammany thus to honor him, 1 and it is the intention of the leaders of I that organization to mako such demon- j stration as will suggest that the stories of their hostility to the president are unI founded, and that they will give him as cordial support in his administration as i they did during the campaign. 1 A great body of Democrats from Phil- c adelphia, one from Chicago and others i ? from many of the western cities will also J j. make up this imposing civic demonstrar i t tion, and there is to be a fine representor ! tion from the Democracy of New Eng- j s land. | 2 The managers of the railway com- j ' panies report that the indications are | that the largest throng will be gathered g in Washington ever witnessed there r upon an Inauguration Day. The facili- t ties of even some of the greater railways j will be taxed to the utmost to transpori g these persons, and many of the organiza- t tions have already made arrangements for special trains. It is estimated that 8 there are likely to be more than 100,000 jj strangers in Washington upon that day. t If Mr. Cleveland has the experience of t some of his predecessors he will find that ? there are some more exacting duties for , him than participation in the ceremo- c nies, excepting that one which requires s him to take the oath. General Garfield returned from the Capitol to the White e House still perplexed about his cabinet, and it was not until after he had attend- ? ed the inaugural ball that he was absolutely certain of whom his official family c was to be composed. Mr. Cleveland was f not troubled in that way in 1885, since J cabinet problems bad ceased to perplex o him at least two weeks before Inaugura- ? tion Day. Yet he was harassed by ap- 1 plications for appointments before he e had been president six hours, and after J ho returned from the inaugural ball he ^ spent an hour or two reading some of t the indorsements and applications, so i that it was past 2 o'clock before he was c able to seek his bed. He was up at 7 on t the following morning, and spent an hour or two before breakfast in examin- ' ing his correspondence. j. lie excneuieut ami uicuuu euaui > which the inauguration ceremonies and ' the experiences which the first few weeks . of occupancy of the exalted office entail j are usually very exhausting, and Presi- I dent Harrison has laid that he was more ' fatigued by his first month's experience ; in the White House than he had been by j the work of a year after he became fa- [ miliar with the duties imposed upon j t him. It was to recover from this strain ' that General Garfield planned the vaca- j v tion which the assassin's bullet prevent- i I ed just as he was entering the railway i ' Btation to begin it. Mr. Cleveland, how- I r ever, bore these fatigues without appar- i J. ent weariness, and his familiarity with fl the office causes him to look forward to ; t his second experience with none of the anxiety which he felt when he first be- j o came president of the United States. j 1 E. Jay Edwaiua j t d INAUGURATION DAYS. ! \ ? Is Historic Notes Apropos to the ' Coming Event of March 4. fc s I NINETEEN PRESIDENTS ELECTED. J 0 Sixteen Were Inaugurated on March 4, p Two 011 March 5 and One on April 30. ? Curious Facts Tending to Create Superstl- c tlon?Comparison with Other Countries. How March 4 Came to Be Selected for ? Inauguration Day?Carious und Interesting Facts Connected with the Occasion. Copyright, 1893, by American Press Association.] I There i3 an old story to the effect that Benjamin Franklin selected the 4th of March for inauguration day because in the yryy*. next two centuries it would S fall on Sunday less often ? }than any other day in the W/ -Tear' an<* statement has a /I crept into a few works meant & - <_ to be historical. It is, how- 1 1 ever' one l^e many f cases> hke those of Niobe <*W?lr and Lot's wife, in which a 8 WASfllSGTON. rnmnrl-nhlfl and interestinor ? 'act ha5i gradually given rise to a legend to i ? iccount for the fuct. It is a pleasing story, ^ nit there is no proof of it whatever, and here is almost conclusive proof to the con- , ;rary. ? It is certain thut Franklin bothered himself very little about the distinction be- P ,ween sacred and secular days, and disrejarded it altogether in his laily life; that the conven- fsf "V ;ion of 1787 did not fix the S lay, and in fact could have Ft?] -J?* 6 10 means of foreseeing when *1 ?, > yfta 1 0 t would be possible to name " 1 day. and that when it be:ume possible by the adlesion of the ninth state to ; f; he constitution the Con- ADAMS, cderation congress then in session fixed I he day by a sort of accident. And yet it ' s a fact, and a very curious fact indeed, v hat the day does very rarely fall on Sun- i 0 lay, though at first view it would seem t *; hat this day or any other day would do so j itie time in seven. ft The first day set was Wednesday, and ; ? he years 1S0O and l'.KX) are, contrary to the ^ our year rule, not leap years. The first day 1 t was just eleven years before . |> the close of the century, and | * J" thus it has resulted that the J day has fallen on Sunday , P but three times in the first hundred years and will not f again fall 011 Sunday till 11)17. Thereafter it will so ; fall only in 11)45 and 1973 in j the next century, the result > . JKKKKiiSox. ijt.jng such a conjunction jnly six times in the first two centuries of p :be government's existence, or once in hirty-three instead of once in seven yeara 11 But little less curious was the result of lie meeting of the first congress in 1789. ^ Vs six congresses convened in the last cen- . ury and the seventh in 1801 it results that ^ he calculation as to the number of any [ p :ougress turns on the alleged "unlucky luuilier"?13. Thus, to determine the num- If >er of any congress, add thirteen to the j I! ~ ? ? .,1 1 ?t* t?-n ! 4. be quotient is the number of the congress. Conversely, double the number of any con- j jress and substract thirteen, and the renainder will be the year it convened. j Ninety-one and thirteen ure 104, the half of vhich is fifty-two?the number of the pres:nt congress. For the next century add j 0 13, and so 011. Though we have had twenty-three presilents, but nineteen were formally inaugu- jj ated, and but sixteen of these on the 4th j >f March, if the first time inly be counted, for Wash- fcC I 4, ngton took the oath the P\?JF ?jj> ! irst time on April 30, and lilS ^ Taylor and Hayes were -ski#- j naugurated on Monday, ' March f>. The same is true >f Monroe's second inaugu- * p ation, but his first was on ' y< :he regular day. The sec- MADISOX. | tc >nd Adams, Pierce and Garfield were in- ! lugurated on Friday. Five inaugurations j? lave been on Monday and five on Wedneslay, and the coming one will make five on 01 Saturday, no other day in the week having ' lad more than three. It is also a curious fact that, though the ' " government i.s 104 years old and we have lad twenty-three presidents, there were but eight in the first half of 0 the period to fifteen in the mu ?>% J second half, and a man who is today but half as old as the government uas uvea 111 i jib the administrations of twothirds of the presidents. *1 Jw Thus from 1789 to 1837 tho f averageoff.president'sserv- | . monuoe. jce WftS {_jx yCarg ei^ht I N nonths and seventeen days and a fraction, tl vbile since the latter year the average has p-l )een but three years and six months, and 01 his despite the fact that two of the late ti iresidents were re-elected. Deduct the j C! sight years of Grant, and the average of tho w ithers really appears alarmingly short. n Theshortestservicewasthatof W. II. liar- : fi Ison?oue month?and the longest that of b 3rant, who held the office eight years and i day, unless indeed we s?tl idopt the facetious sugges- / v\ : tc ion of the Whigs that Jack- ^ ion really governed during | ' t( he "nominal administra- ^ ion of Vnn Buren." It is ai ilso worth noting that of he eight presidents re-elect- | ^ :d Jackson, Lincoln and " , n Jrant were the only ones *? ^ vhose second inaugurations j-q-adams. jj vere celebrated with much display, though a t is certain that Cleveland's will soon fur- fi lish a fourth case, and a notable one. In ruth, there are many things in the latter's :areer which might justify a little supertition in his case. No other American, ave possibly Washington and Jackson, has tad such an extraordinary personal triimph. The selection of March 4 was. as aforeaid, probably a sort of accident. On the d of July, 1788, the president of the Conederation congress, then in session at New fork, notified that body that New Ilamphire had ratified the constitution on the list of June preceding, and as it was the dnth state to do so that instrument was iow by its own terms to becomB the bu>reme law. After prolonged debate con,Tess on the 13th of September, 1738, passed he following: Resolved, That the first Wednesday of Janu.ry next (1780) bo tho day for appointing electre In the several states which before the said lay shall have ratified the said constitution: hat the first Wednesday In February next bo he day for tho electors to assemble in their repectlvo states and vote for president, and that he first Wednesday In March next bo the time ,nd tho present seat of congress the place for ommenclng proceedings under the said corn titution. t-1 ili. 211 1 was r rom ILIIS 1 b will uu occu IiUIIK IUC1C niu xactly a month's time between each of the hree very essential acts of appoint ing electors?assembling the electr irs in their respective states -and "commencing pro- & ij, 'j) eedings." As a mutter of act, the first Wednesday in R1 Jarch, 1789, fell on the 4th, jA .nd three yeurs later that late was fixed upon for all ime. But there is nothing " x xtant to indicate any speial reason for it. In truth, JACKSON, t is at almost the worst season that could iave been selected, and as the matter is enirely within the discretion of congress, and iVashington was inaugurated the first time in April 30, the argument for a change to hat date is strong. Every reader has had enough on the first nauguration of Washington. Suffice it to epeat that the day was fine, that Chancel@lor Robert R. Livingston, of New York, administered the oath in the presence of some 40,000 people, and that the centennial celebration of that event in New York city in 1889 was a really wonderful success, on which van BUltEN. occasion there were more >eople in the city than at any other time in ts history. It was positively the only ime, said the oldest inhabitants, when 'the city crowd was completely overvhelmed and lost in the country crowd." lis second inauguration, in Philadelphia, ilonday, March 4, 1793, presented an alnost ludicrous contrast. He took the oath n the senate chamber in the presence of 10th houses of congress and made a brief iddress, and if anything unusual occurred he journals of the day failed to mention it. Nor was the inauguration of John Ad;ms on Saturday, March 4, 1797, a particuarly impressive affair. Thomas Jefferson ook the oath as vice presilent in the senate chamber, ironounced a high compli- Sfi uent on Mr. Adams, who |c^,. / md just vncated the chair, : '"tSl nil then led the way to the hambcr of the house,where he inauguration took place. 1 llmost every witness who V ' las given any account ol! it w.ii.haurison. ays that all eyes were directed to Waslington, and as Jefferson s;tood on the other ide, a rather tall and (*>mmanding figure, ho new president really seemed overshadwed. He spoke at some length, eulogized Vashington very highly, denied quite emihatically that he favored a stronger govrnment than that ordained in the const! ution and pronounced the oath after the hief justice of the United States. Adams is distinguished in our history for aany things, and one is, unfortunately, for eing the first president who refused to pnrticipato in the inauguration /' f \ of his successor. It was in(*ee<* a very trying o:casion s/*jd for him. There have been jJjfjk.: some heated campaigns 'ftV??mL<k. since, but none in wb ch perjjBsonal nnimosities played so r1 greut a pari, as in 1800. Nowapolk Part'sans ?tliv' er "rebels," "traitors" and enemies of American industry," "thieves" nd "monopolists" or "cranks" and "Adulimites," but it is chiefly Pickwickian. In 600 they reully believed it. So when Jeferson was elected by the house on the birty-sixth ballot and after a desperate truggle a deep groan ran through the Fedralist party, and Adams left Washington arly in the morning of March 4, 1801, This ad example was followed by his son in 829 and by Johnson in 1809. It is rather singular there should have een so much dispute about the facts of efferson's inauguration. It is clearly roved that he intended to go in the usual tate, with a carriage and six horses, but he carriage ordered was not completed in iine, Adams refused the courtesy, as aforeiiid, and so Jefferson, the attendant marhal and a few others made the little trip n horseback. His second inauguration had lore style about it. On Saturday, March 4, S09, Madison took the oath in the hall of he house, and the only fact about it which xcited much comment was that lie was clad in a suit of elegant black cloth euirely of American manufacture." The next four inaugurations were conditional in the extreme. That of 1821 was n Monday, March 5, as then, for the first ime, the regular day fell on unday. John Quincy Ad- jr^ ms revived much of the Id and solemn ceremonial, rjyg ut with him it ended, n.3 he country had now outrown English and colonial ' arms. And as a great break ' allowed, this is the proper TAYLOR, lace to give a list of the presidents regulrly inaugurated, with date of birth, inuguration and death, and to note the in arregnums filled 4ky vice presidents:' George Washington?Feb. 22, 1732; April 30, r?u; March 4, 1703; Dec. 14. 17!W. John Adams- Oct. 11), 1735: March 4, 1797; July 1820. Thomas Jefferson?April 2, 1743: March 4, S01; 1805; July 4, 1820. James Madison?March 10, 1751: March 4, 100; 1813; June 28,1830. James Monroe?April 28, 1758; March 4, 1817; [arch 5, 1821; July 4,1831. John Quincy Adams?July 11, 1707: March 4, 25; Feb. 23, 1848. Andrew Jackson?March 15, 1707; March 4, !29; 1833; Juno 8, 1845. Martin Van Bureu?Dec. 5, 1782; March 4. 137; July 24, 1802. William Henry Harrison?Feb. 0. 1773; March 1841; April 4, 1841. John Tyler?Interregnum. James Knox Polk?Nov.2, 1795; March 4, 1845; uno 15,1849. Zaelmry Taylor?Sept. 24, 1784: March 5, 1849; uly 9,1850. Millard Fillmore?Interregnum. Franklin Pierce?Nov. 23, 1804; March 4, 1853; ct. 8,18G0. James Buchanan?April 13,1791; March 4,1857: uno 1,1808. Abraham Lincoln?Feb. 12,1809; March 4,1801; >05; April 15,1805. Andrew Johnson?Interregnum. UlvsscsSimpson Grant?April 27,1822; March 1809; 1873; July 23, 1885. Rutherford Birchard Ilaycs?Oct. 14, 1822; [arch 5, 1877; Jan. 17, 1893. James Abram Garfield?Nov. 19,1831; March 18S1; Sept. 19,1881. Chester Alan Arthur?Interregnum. Grover Cleveland?March 18, 1837; March 4, S85, and to be inaugurated again just eight cars later, the first casoof the kind in our his>ry. Benjamin Harrison?Aug. 20, 1833; March 4, KMI ll.?. \f 1. 1 l.? ...ill wir. niai iUiuuu * iicai nu ?? ?ai uo uiu vui; ving ex-prcsident, as his successor and predei;ssor now is. The fact that three presidents died on Inependence Day is indeed extraordinary. As ut twenty-one havo died the chances of IgMfp. one's death on that day are 49not quite as one in eighteen, Jri bm of two still fewer, and of three not one in hundreds. Dut that two should die on .* same day and a third hut five years later, and the two signers of the Declaration, the chances are so repierce. niote as to be scarcely calcuible. Vet it happened. Vice President [amlin also died on that day. Nearly all :e presidents have lived to an advanced 5e, us it was natural they should be men f great vitality and temperate lives to atlin the honor. John Adams was the old it, lucking but a few weeks of ninety-one, hile, omitting Lincoln, killed at iifty-four, nd Garfield, killed within a few weeks of fty, the youngest dying was Polk at liftynir. Another curious fact is that, including :ie presidents of the senate who succeeded ) the functions of the office, there have een more vice presidents than presidents? 5 wit, thirty-four, though Clinton, Tompins, Calhoun and King each served in two dministrations. From Adams the father to Adams the m, as aforesaid, the inaugurations were lild affairs, but Jackson came in with a ree/.e, and the occasion was indeed breezy, ie set the example of taking the oath on nd delivering the inaugural from the east ont of the Capitol, and then, making all reasonable deductions for the partisan spite I of those who described it, the scene which . followed did indeed "beggar description." I The largest crowd seen in Washington i down to that time was tn attendance, and { the mud was, in southwestern phrase, "half j bootleg deep," on Pennsylvania avenue. Through that mud the crowd rushed to ! the White House, where all the doors were | thrown open and punch served out in bar- i rels, buckets, tubs and even, ryiT\ j bo the opposition said, wash //^\\ ! basins. Every room In the i house was crowded, and men hi with heavy and muddy boots jjW stood on the finest chairs and sofas to see what wa3 going on in front. Lamps and furniture were broken, and punch spilled till the house was a wreck. Soon BUCHANAN. : after there was a levee at which a cheese weighing 1,400 pounds (a present to Jackson) was cut up and served. The struggle for pieces resulted in a smash of furniture; liquor was spilled and cheese trodden into the carpet, while ladies held dainty handkerchiefs to their noses and foreign diplomats looked on in undisguised horror. Daniel Webstersaid the place looked like a republican palace taken by siege and lacked by the victorious enemy, but Bentton, Felix Grundy and men of that class thought it just as well to "J<t,^he boys have tbeir way ""fcce" in four years." It was the last scene of the sort, though Jackson's second inauguration also attracted a large crowd. The next inauguration?of : LINCOLN. Van Buren in 1837?was a ! comparatively tame affair, but in 1841 the Whigs honored Harrison with a grand rally. Thence to Lincoln each inauguration was much like its predecessor, and none presented features of unusual interest. The crowds, however, continued to increase, and the procession which followed Buchanan reached nearly from the Capitol to the White House. This was the end of the old regime. Little as the great men of the day suspected it, the old republic was, practically, soon to pass away, and be replaced by one of vastly increased and centralized powers. In (E& all the great speeches and iSf state papers down to 1801 y-Aj I one finds the federal union I referred to indifferently I the Union or the confeder1 acy. Thus President Pierce Iny* ' j in his inaugural said, "The \ * I security and repose of this GRANT, i fnnfwlnmev forbid interference or coloniza tion by any foreign power." And President Buchanan in his said, "Let every American reflect upon the terrific evils which would result from disunion to every portion of the confederacy." What a storm : such use of that word would now raise! The impending change was indicated on ! March 4, 18G1, by the first military display of real consequence at an inauguration. There were sharpshooters [ ^ on the housetops along the Lm j&v Jfck avenue as Mr. Buchanan VJyK Jw and Mr. Lincoln rode slowly Capitol; there were mL V-Wk- squads of cavalry to guard the street crossings, and V/. / squads of infantry along the route; there were trusty I1ATES. riflemen at the upper windows of the Capitol and artillery to the right of the east front, commanding the crowd to which the new president spoke. It was a sad presage. General Scott was savagely criticised for these arrangements, but subsequent events justified him. Sinco that date the military has formed an important part of every inauguration, and at Grant's second induction, March 4. 1873, the display wins such as to excite the admiration of foreigners accustomed to the ujdg, _ > finest exhibits of London, \ Paris and Berlin. But it was fatal to some of the partici- M pants and to many specta- tjjj tors. The day has a bad preeminence as the most inclem- ent of any inauguration day GARFIELD, in our history. From dawn , till dark a northwest wind so keen and cold that it seemed to chill even the bones blew without an instant's cessation. Scores of soldiers and sailors who had to stand long in place were prostrated in consequence, while spectators suffered so much that the average mortality of the city for a short timo after is said to have been notably increased. Far otherwise was it at the inauguration of Cleveland, on which occasion by far the greatest crowd ever seen there was assemibled in Washington. Cor- j g~\ respondents celebrated the | |L occasion in many hundred j F columna Citizens of Wash- ! e V ington still tell with glee j how the visitors sat the j 1 trough on chairs, on | benches in the parks and on | the steps of public build I I CLEVELAND. jng3) ^ tjl0 wefttber was : fine and all the hotels overcrowded, and railI road managers tell with pardonable pride how they got the hundreds of thousands to j their homes in fairly good season. But all j 1 these and other incidents of recent inau- I gurations are still fresh in the public mind. 1 In conclusion, a few comparisons are jus- j tillable. We have had twenty-three presi- ( dents in 104 years, while Rome had, dis- j , carding minor contestants, sixty-four emperors in 503 \ years, and Great Britain has \ had, beginning with Wd'ffiOJv. liam the Conqueror, thirty-kij&jk | 1 five sovereigns in 826 years, i 1 Of presidents in Mexico, * i Hayti and South America, it would be idle to make an "My " < ( i estimate. Yet two of our.b. harrison. ( | presidents have been assassinated, and another, Jackson, only escaped that fate by j an accident which apparently would not j ' happen one time in a thousand. Another escaped impeachment by but one vote. On ! the whole, though we may justly claim an < improvement over the dark past, yet there ! < is nothing to make us boast. Our govern- J | ment is by no means exempt from the evils 1 which afflict other nations. J. H. Beadle. Tiik Meteruric Showeii of 1832. i , i It wus it rain of lire, not stars. The j i stars, or sparks, only occurred at the j 3 ! end of the lines of lire. Imagine a { : rain of molten iron striking the earth, each drop bursting into sparks. Xoth- , j ing else will compare. I could not i j now describe it, if experience with ? foundries and smith-shops had not af- i i forded the comparison. The lire fell ! i ; in streams like the heaviest rain { J I ever witnessed, and swayed to and j 1 fro just as the water is by the motion 1 of the clouds or winds. The only i 1 stars I saw were just such as one sees j 1 ! when molten iron is running into or ( from the ladle, or when iron with a ! < j welding heat is withdrawn from the 1 forge, or such as is seen when the liquid ! i : metal drops upon earth, or such as is < I seen in the wake of an exploded i | rocket. j ' ; The strangest feature to ine was no j ' | sparks or stars appeared except at the I ; end of the line of lire rain, which ! > stopped about live feet from the earth, i 1 ! as near as I can judge. The piazza j 1 had three steps from the ground. I ^ could not have been more than three I ( feet high, and the line of rain burst ; 1 I into sparks on a level with my eyes, j ^ | None that I saw struck the earth, but i J after sparkling on this line disappear- j * ed, to be succeeded by others in quick ; succession. I recollect distinctly oh- 1 ; serving the scene around the yard, , 1 and the road led directly from the gate, * and wondering why none of the fire or sparks reached the earth. It was ( not as light as day, but a lurid light 1 greater than I have ever seen since. ! ! Objects were perfectly discernible, though not so well as by daylight.? j Blackshear Georgian. j & Some of Bl'kns's Phrases.?Here j | are a few specimens of Burns's happy j t phrases: "The best laid schemes of mice and men gang aft agley"The i ! fear o' hell's the hangman's whip, to i ^ hand the wretch in order;" "But pleasures are like poppies spread ; you j j seize the flower, its bloom is shed;" 1 . "Oh, wad some power the giftie gie us ] j i to see ourselves as ithers sec us;" | "Man's inhumanity to man makes countless thousands mourn "Xurs- t j ing her wrath to keep it warm "The j mirth and fun grew fast and furious ? "What's done we partly may com- T i pute, hut know what's resisted? | "Princes and lords are but the breath 1 of kings;" "The rank is but the guinea j | stamp, a man's a man for a' that."? i -y j London Tit-Bits. | x ?hc ftovn ttUrr. When Lee Surrendered By SALLIE PATE STEEN. [Copyright, 1891, by American Press Association.] CHAPTER m. "Oh, Frank, you must hurry." But other things even more important than the fact of Missy's defection weighed upon the girl's mind. A crisis had suddenly arrived in the family affairs. The instructions which terminated her brother's 6hort furlough and the orders for which he had waited had at last arrived, and Glen was feverishly anxious to convey them safely to his hands. On the evening of the arrival of the Union troops at the homestead he had barely escaped being made a prisoner by receiving information of theii coming, and since then he had steadfastly refused to leave the vicinity without orders, hoping to be able to carry some information concerning the enemy to headquarters. And all this time Glen's heart was torn by a thousand fears. Her imagination intensified the real dangers of his situation, and the unsettled state of the country, just before the close of the war, warranted in a great measure bei anxiety. He might be made a prisonei at any moment, or shot as a spy. Many a night the girl awoke sobbing and panting from frightful dreams, and the fact that the whole responsibility of the household rested upon her shoulders? that upon her devolved the duty of sustaining her timid and gentle motherrendered her position a thousandfold more trying. When her brother left home they had hurriedly fixed upon s rendezvous where she might meet him at certain times, but experience had taught her that her visits to the deserted little shanty, deep in the woods, which they had selected, were not unattended with danger. Of any personal peril she did not stoj to think, but there were scores of runaway or discontented slaves, eagerly looking forward to their expected freedom, who would gladly bear tidings of a Confederate soldier to those whom they considered their best friends and liberators. Rnf- +1ic.aa n.inori! irmat-. Iia rl aH VArpd intf tuvuv ' her brother's hands. She could not breathe freely until this was done. It was late in the afternoon when she made her preparations for the long walk. It was not safe to meet her brother until night had fallen, but the moon would rise on her homeward way, and her mission once accomplished she would know no fear. At last she was ready to set out. Missy put up her lips for a goodbj kiss, and her mother overwhelmed hei with whispered precautions and messages to her boy. At last Glen was out of the house and walking swiftly down the long cedar avenue. As she passed througt the great gates she noticed Nelse skulk ing behind one of the trees, and sharplj ordered him back to the house. For a moment a suspicion of the boj shot through her brain. He had beer unusually surly of late and rebellious of authority, but this she had attributed to the general disaffection which now hung like a dark cloud over the relations of slave and master. She dismissed the fear from her mind as she hurried onward. When she reached the wood the sun was almost setting, and the dense shade of the trees made a twilight undex their thick boughs. She had advanced but a few steps?the hut was still fax out of sight, and its occupant, if ho had already come, far out of hearing?when she was startled by a rustling in the bushes behind her. It was some wild animal, she told herself?a squirrel, a snake, possibly, gliding through the undergrowth. If?her heart stood still al the thought?it were anything else, it were equally perilous to advance or recede. She turned swiftly to face the danger. Directly before her, creeping along in the bushes, her quick eyes discovered the crouching form of Nelse. "Nelse," she called, her voice shaking with scorn and anger. The old habit of wna fnA o f vn?<+ lnm Pnr TV <10 cvvy duviiq upvii unu iVi open resistance, and he slouched forward, cringing under her blazing eyes, but his rebellion was not quenched. "Don't yer hit me, Miss Glen," he whined. "I'se mos' free now, I knows I is, and you dasn't hit me. 'Deed you Jasn't." "You should answer for this, if a whole regiment of Yankees backed you," she laid. "Now go.". And Nelse needed no second bidding. Ee sprang away like a deer, and his nocking laugh came back to the girl's startled ears. But she had not a monent to lose. She understood too well what his next move would be. He had jone back to the house to inform upon ler. There was a short* cut which she ladnot taken, on account of its publicity, and of this lie and they who returned with him would avail themselves. Of this new complication she Jared not tell her brother. She knew lis rash impetuous temper, and that rather than allow her to encounter any langer alone he would 6imply wait md give himself up to his enemies. There was but one course open to her. 3he must hurry on at her utmost speed, jive him the papers, and without arousng his suspicions, urge him to instant leparture. All this she determined apon as she hastened onward with reckess speed. But the hut was still at a :onsiderable distance, and the way was rough and difficult, even to her nimble ?eet. When at last she reached the ihanty and sank into her brother's arms, she was breathless from fright and exlaustion. "But, dear, I cannot keep you a monent," she panted, after ho had glanced >ver the papers she thrust into his hands, 'not even to answer questions. You lon't know the danger we are in or the isk I have run in coining. Oh, Frank, t would break mother's heart if any;hing should happen to you. No, dear, we women are not in any danger. The loldiers are quartered upon us, but they ire civil enough in their bearing. But. >h. Frank, you must hurry. Let me jive you mother's love and her blessing ind her kisses, with dear little Missy's ind mine, and then you must go." "And not a moment to talk with you. 31en?" "Not a moment. Is that Black Bess ied out yonder? Wait, I will go with rou to mount, and then you must ride ike the wind." It was quite dusk in the wood. Black Bess whinnied with pleasure ind snuffed daintily jis Glen passed lier land caressingly over the creature's latin ueck. Her brother held her for a noment in a closo embrace; there was i whispered "God bless you," a quick ranlt to the saddle, and then the spirited nare, with her gallant rider, dashed forward out of sight. Glen watched them mtil the last glimmer of Confederate I gray had vanished, and then turning, , with tear filled eyes and a beating heart, ' saw Captain Campbell not ten rods dis| tant, leaning quietly against a tree. I with his arms folded on his breast. In an instant the indignant blood I rushed hotly to her face and throat. He ! evidently expected her to speak. Ini deed, he lifted his cap and advanced a I step, but her pause was only momentary. I With her head up, she went swiftly past j him, noticing him no more than if he hnd hppn flip t rpp n<r.iin<jfc whirVi hp hud leaned. With ono stride he was beside her. ' "Will you accept my escort, Miss Helen?" he asked courteously. "This wood is a lonely place, and particularly unsafe in these unsettled times and at this hour." "It seems infested with spies at any rate," she said haughtily. "I could scarcely expect you to relinquish your rolo so quickly for that of protector. But to spy upon a woman 1" In her uncontrollable excitement she had turned in the narrow pathway to confront him, and her face 6hone white in the darkness. "When you and your soldiers forced yourselves upon us, Captain Campbell, we accepted the fortunes of " war as gracefully as we might, and treated you, if not in the spirit at least in the letter of courtesy, as our guests. Do you know that a southerner?yes, the humblest of us?would sever his right arm from his body sooner than be guilty of what you have seen fit to consider your duty? And a gentleman ' would scorn to accept information from 1 a base slave who betrays his master I" "Perhaps the latter character is an exotic which exists only south of Mason and Dixon's line, Miss Helen." His tones were perfectly calm. If she had not been so swept out of her ordiI nary self control she might have detected ! a faint amusement in his voice, but her 1 passion had blinded her perceptions. "And now, if you have fulfilled your ] mission," she said after a pause, "you will permit me to find my way home." "My mission will not be fulfilled until I have seen you 6afe at your mother's door," he said gravely, as he lifted his I cap and fell a pace behind her. If her : life depended upon it she could not have 1 J uttered another word of protest. There ! was nothing to be done consistent with ' dignity but to hurry homeward and rid | j herself as quickly as possible of his hated I j presence. As she pressed swiftly forj ward, trying to forget that she was not i alone, but hearing always that steady, | firm Btep behind her, a hundred quesI tinno in hpr br.iin. Whv was h? alone, and on foot? She had expected to see a squad of cavalry dash from behind the trees and scurry forward in the direction which I Black Bess and her rider had taken. Was he armed? No; she had not thought of it before; but now, as if his presence ( had been photographed upon her memory, she saw him as he had leaned carelessly against the tree?in a dark blue frock coat, with his cap pushed back from his brow and not even his sword dangling fi*>m his side?as peaceful a ( figure as one might meet on an afternoon stroll. What could it all mean? She was faint with excitement and perplexity. The way seemed interminable, and it had grown very dark. An owl hooted close at hand and the wind sighed in the pine trees above her, and still that firm step sounded behind her, bringing with it?how dared she acknowledge it to herself?a certain sense of protection j and comfort. Once he stretched out his baud to hold aside an overhanging j bough that she might pass, and then, thank heaven! they cleared the woods, ' the way grew smoother, and at last the | lights of home twinkled before them. As they entered the long, dark avenue which led to the house it seemed like go. ing into the gloom of another wood. ' Strange to say Glen was feeling wildly that this silence must be broken?that she must say some word of acknowledgment or dismissal. As 6he turned her foot caught in the protruding root of i one of the old trees, and she would have fallen heavily forward had not a pair of p strong arms caught and held her in a j close embrace. "Glen, my poor child, have you hurt | yourself?" When the first spasm of pain from her wrenched ankle was over, she heard his low voice in her ear. "Am I ! cruel to say I cannot be sorry if it has ' given you to me for one moment? My darling, don't struggle so. I love you, ! Glen; do you hear me? Love you! [ What do all the wars of the universe matter to us? Nothing; though I were ; a traitor for saying so. You do not hate me?" There was only a low moan i for answer. "But when this war is ended you will let me come back and ' win you?" "You may not care to comd back ' then," she said defiantly. She had drawn [ herself away from hiin, though the efI fort to stand without his aid was blanch' ing her lips. "You may not care to | come then. We may be the conquerors." ] ; "No, my poor child, that will never : be. For your sweet sake 1 might for a I' moment forget myself and my country and echo your wish; but when your | i gallant commander lays down his arms, when Lee surrenders, Glen, may I come back and claim you?" "When Lee surrenders!" she repeated j mockingly, and then she remembered no ' more. CHAPTER IV. "This Is not my ghost, darling." j When she returned to consciousness she j was lying in her own bed with Maum j Betsey's black face bending anxiously j over her. "Dar you is, honey," she said, with a j great sigh of relief. "Bless my life, but j I thought dem eyes nuver was gwine ter I open, and yer ma's jes gone plum j 'stracted 'bout yer. She stepped to her | room for some mo' arnica, and honey"? j Maum Betsey raised her finger warningly?"don't yer tell her how you come ter be heali." ' The caution was given not a moment too soon, for just then the door opened softly and Mrs. Helen came hurriedly * ' ' ' ' * * - * 1 * -1 * 1 .1 in. INOt mat uien couiu nave uivuigeu something of which she herself was totally ignorant, but the old habit of shielding her mother from all anxiety, which she had shared in common with Maum Betsey ever since she was a girl in short dresses, asserted itself now. When her mother's pale face bent over her she was able to look up brightly and reassure her. "It is nothiug, mother; only the slightest sort of a sprain; you see, I was walking so rapidly?but I am perfectly well now. I?I"?becoming vaguely confused?"don't quite remember how I came here, but iMaum Betsey found me and put me to bed, so as not to alarm you any sooner than was necessary." "And your brother, my poor child?" "OhI he got off nicely. He was in good spirits, and says we shall hear from, him in a few days at farthest. But, mother. 1 must send you to bed. You look as tired ;is 1 am, so good night." ! But when the door closed gently after i her mother Glen raised herself on one I ] arm and looked Maum Betsey eagerly in | i i the face. i ] "Mammv." she said, "how did 1 get I < here?" j , "Why, bless yo' life, chile, de capeu' { ( brung you. You didn't think a meracle j , done happen ter my old jints, so's 1 could j | fotch you, did you?, Lawd! when he \ . corned roun' ter de kitchin do', and called i , me, sorter soft like, wid you in his arms, j ] des es limp es a dishrag, you could a' knocked me down wid a fedder. But he f mighty quick 'splained it, and den I seed ^ de coas' was clar, case old Miss was ( singin Missy to sleep in her room, so we j crope in an' up de staircase, an' he laid | you down jes as easy as ef you'd ben a , ' baby. But Lawdl ain't I gwine ter give dat Nelse a tas' o' my strop in de mawn- 1 | in'." "Did Captain Campbell tell you about | Nelse?" "Cose he did. He brung him roun 1 ter me by de shoulder. '1 hain't teched ] dis young rascal,' he said; 'but he ' d'serves as sound a thrashin' as you can ! fin' it in yo' heart to giv' him,' and den ' j ho tored off lak mad down dat short cut J to de woods." There was a long pause, and then the ! girl broke the silence with a sobbing, j 1 pitiful cry: "Oh, mammy, mammy! 1 1 am so tired. Can't yon sing me to sleep, j' j like you used to?" i ] "'Deed 1 will, honey, 'deed 1 will, j ] j You's all wukked up, 1 knows you is. j i I Nuver inin', uuver min'." ] Maum Betsey patted the girl's hand i i gently, rocking her own body to and fro j 1 as if she held in her arms the baby she ' i had nursed so many years ago, and ; < Glen nestling in her pillows was soothed 1 oy the senseless lullaby crooued in the j |uaveringold voice. Baa, buu black sheep, Whar you lef yo' lo-a-m?~ ? ay uuwu yuuuur iu uu vuuey. Sho was roused in the morning by the j trampling of horses, the jingle of spurs and a bugle call on the lawn below. | Maum Betsey, who had kept faithful watch all night by the girl's bedside, roused at her startled cry. "It's de so* jers, honey," she said drowsily. "I clar, I furgot dat Mars Capen' done cha'hged me to tell you dat he done got hjs orders, j and hed to uurch de fust ting dis inawnin\" And so upon that day Glen took up life anew with an added burden?a secret, awful burden that weighed upon her girlish heart. All through that fa- , tal month, in which the March winds clothed the woods with beauty, the days ; went by in that old house, wrapped in a ; mist of fire and blood and carnage. No j news of the outside world reached them. No communication stirred the pall of dread and anxiety which had settled 1 down upon them, but at night they could ] Bee the red light of fires blazing against J the quiet skies, and shuddered in their 1 beds when the sullen booin of cannon ! 1 shook the earth. Not one word or line came from the absent son and brother, ! and to the anguish that was whitening < her mother's hair Glen dared not add one pang by disclosing this traitorous, disloyal, nameless feeling tnat had grown 1 i up in her heart. Oh I that she could j ] crush it out like a poisonous thing?this strange madness which had changed her j from a careless girl to an anxious, sad- j dened woman. The old rooms and the quiet wood where she often wandered to escape her mother's eyc9 seemed to j 1 mock her with memories of things that j had passed away forever. It was one day late in April, when she j was returning from one of these aimless ( rambles, that she saw a body of horse- | men moving along the road before her. | They might be a squad of cavalrymen like those who had passed and halted many days before, she thought, uncon- 1 sciously quickening her steps. But no, j they wore the Confederate gray, a fit rag- ; gling, disorderly band, torn and tattered, : with unkempt hair and beards. Many of them reeled in their saddles, with ; songs and reckless laughter, but she felt ! no fear of them. She put her hands to her mouth, trumpetwise, and shouted: "What news? Has Lee surrendered?" And the leader, swaying heavily over his horse's neck, shouted back with an oath: "No, miss, and he'll never surrender!" 1 "He'll never surrender!" they all yelled in a wild chorus, as they put spurs to their maddened horses and disappeared ! in a cloud of dust. When she reached the house her j mother met her, with a new light on her ; stricken face, and led her gently in, and i there upon the sofa lay her brother, pale and worn and wasted indeed, but sound in body and limb. "It is all over, Glen," | he 6aid, springing up to meet her and ; clasping her in his arms; "it is all over, j and Lee has surrendered." He broke ; down in a burst of sobs. And now a strange hope awoke in j Glen's heart and lived there. It budded j with the spring, and blossomed with the summer flowers that opened this year to j shed their p' lals upon many graves; but when the autumn came and the wood dove moaned all day in her plaintive tones and the wind awoke in the pines, a newspaper, the first in many weeks, ! founds its way to them. It was out of j date, but still welcome, and Glen went to the open window to read it and there, ; in a list of the dead, she saw his name. She was alone, but she did not cry out or faint. She had never been guilty of anything so weak and womanish but once in her strong young life, but she stepped out upon the lawn, though it was raining heavily, and went like a wounded thing down the long dark avenue of moaning cedars. "He is dead," she said to herself, when at last she | reached the great gates and stopped; j "dead, and he will never know that I prayed he might come back to me?that ! no matter what happened ho might come back?that he might only, only come back." i Through all the wind, and the falling rain, and the darkness did he hear that I despairing cry? For he was there, clasping her in his passionate arms. "It was not 1. This is not my ghost, darling," he was saying, as he showered kisses upon her white face; "I have come back in the flesh to claim you mine, Glen?mine?always mine!" *** * "And to think," she 6aid, lifting her happy eyes to the tall man who leaned against a tree beside her, leisurely smoking and watching her as she rested on her royal couch of pine needles, "to think that in this very spot I was once so very, very angry with you, Alan!" "And to think," he answered, bending ! ] down tfl pat the sturdy youngster who, ! seated in his mother's lap, was pulling all her bright hair down with his brave i < hands, "that just four years after a j ' southern girl?a Virginian of Virginiashould confess that she blessed the day j *TTrV?nr? T .on ctirron^ar^ I' " j i TIIE END. ] !! Speed of nn Earthquuke. The course which an earthquake runs j ' is usually very rapid. From the instant when the first shock was felt at Lisbon 1 to the period when all was over, and nearly 30,000 people killed, not more ; than two minutes had elapsed. Usually , from ten to thirty seconds elapse between the first and last shocks of severe j earthquakes. But this lightning speed 1 is not always the earthquake's mode of traveling. While Caraca, in Venezu- , ela was almost totally destroyed and , 12,000 people were killed in less than | twenty seconds by the great shock of ( 1812, there are cases in which constantly recurring shocks have lasted for weeks. j No odds how brief tho span, the most , frightful havoc can be wrought, and the j ] wave of destruction propagated from the most distant regions. The rumbling j j earth sound travels at the rate of about | j 10,000 to 11,000 feet per second, and the | , earth wave, on an average, about 1,200 : ' feet in the same space of time.?St. . Liouis Republic. ' WHAT STANDISH FOl'HHT WITH. The precise population of New England, either Indian or white, at the time of Philip's war; cannot be stated, hut for the purpose of war it may be said that the forces on one side and the other were equal, says The ChautauFjuan. At that time the Indians were is well used to firearms as the whites, but the firelock of those days was but m inefficient weapon compared with Lhe musket of later times or with the rifle of today. It seems certain that in Europe flintlocks had been introduced before this time; but, on the whole, the concurrence of evidence shows that such ocks were not used in the Civil war in Kngland, and that both the king's party and the Puritans still relied on the matchlock. The form of this can be readily explained to any person who has seen the old flint-lock of the present century. A hammer?a good deal larger than the hammer which afterward held the flint, but quite like it?had a screw which tightened or loosened the hold which two pieces of iron had upon a match. Each soldier was obliged to carry 3ome yards of this match with him, and when the battle began he lighted the piece of this match which was fixed in the hammer of the gun. A pan which held powder, exactly as the pan of a flintlock afterward did, was in front of the hammer, with a cover projecting, from which a sort of horn ran up nearly vertical, to be opened by the hammer when the soldier pulled the trigger. The fire of the match communicated with the powder and the gun went off. This was a sufficiently complicated way in which men should go to battle, perhaps in a wilderness, where even niiAnnMitT /? AT <1 KA Of t Vl O f tlmO WOQ * LI1U |UUVU1 Ul 111 V (11 bliUV iiliiv WMU attended with some difficulty. The accounts of skirmishes of those times are full of occasions when a shower put a stop to the whole battle. This is because the fire of the matches was extinguished by the rain. To change this rather clumsy lock into a flintlock, simply required that a flint of sufficient size should be screwed into the hammer in the place made for the match. The flint then striking upon the cover the pan made a spark which fell at the moment the pan, opened into the powder. Eventually these locks were made with great precision, so that the gun missed fire very seldom. I have no doubt that one and another soldier in Philip's war found for himself that a flint arrowhead screwed in the place of his match could be made to answer the purpose of firing the powder much more readily than the match itself could do. A similar invention, however, as I have said, had already been made in Europe, so that it is thought that flintlock guns had been found in France early in 1640. In 1672, however, just before the war with Philio beean. the law of Massa chusetts and the provision made for her soldiers, still required the use of the matchlock. DIVINE CONCEALMENT. When some of the Sioux Indian chiefs were invited to go to Washington and visit President Grant, one of them, known as "Spotted Tail,' hesitated about going for the following reason: He said that if he went he shouid probably see many things which would be new to him, and when ht: returned his friends would ask him what he had seen on his journey. If he told them the whole story, they would listen for awhile, and then leave his lodge one after another, saying "Spotted Tail tells lie? since he has seen the Great Father's kingdom ; the white men he has seen have made bad medicine for him." Thus he feared he might lose his chieftainship and his influence among the Sioux. The fear of this chief was not altogether without foundation. It is related that a certain young Indian once made such a visit, and witnessed the wonders of civilization, and on his return to his tribe, they listened to his wonderful tales, until he told them he had seen a white man take a basket and fasten it to a big ball, and get into it and fly up in the air; when an old Indian, concluding that a man who could lie like that had lived long enough, leveled his gun and shot him through the heart. < It is sometimes pretty serious bus ness for a man to undertake to tell a he knows. There are men who will not believe anything unless they can understand it, and the more marvelous the tales they hear, the greater liars the narrators are supposed to be. Many a skeptic is certain that Christians are lying to him, as was this old Indian, when he heard the young chief talking about men hitching themselves to a balloon and flying up into the sky. They do not believe his story, for the simple reason that they do not know enough to believe the truth upon this subject. Hence, at times, even truth must be withheld from such persons, because they are not in a At condition to receive or appreciate it. The pearls must not be cast before swine, nor the holy things given to the dogs. The fears of the wise chief were not realized. He made the visit to Washington, saw the sights and wonders, and on his return was so careful and prudent in his statements that his influence was increased rather than diminished. He was the firm friend of both Indians and whites, and was finally selected supreme ruler of his tribe. Religious Paper. THE "CRUCIFIXION PLANT." Those versed in plant and flower lore say that the celebrated "Plant of Calvary" was unknown in the flora ot the world prior to the date of the crucifixion of Jesus. According to the tradition, the original plant sprung up in the track made by Pilate when he went to the cross for the purpose of placing that famous "title" over the head of Him of whom the Jews said : i?gay that he called himself 'King of the Jews."' The plant as it is now known is a common trefoil, resembling the common clover in many particulars, especially in its peeuliorit.es of growth. There is but little doubt that in truth it was originally a native of Turkey or India, but Christians who discredit the story of its miraculous origin, still claim that its native home is Palestine. Under the name of Calvarv clover it is known all over Europe At present the three round green leaves of the plant each have a carmine spot in the center, which looks for all the world like a drop of blood. During the day the three leaves stand erect, thetwoside ones latterly taking on almost the exact form of a cross. During the season a small yellow flower appears, its form and make-up reminding most startlingly of the Crown of Thorns. Early Christian writers and not a few "vulgar" historians mention this botanical oddity. Julian says that in his time each of the leaves had a white center in the form of a cross, and that close inspections would reveal miniature pictures of figures hanging to each. The figure on the center leaf was always clad in white, those 011 the sides either in black or red. He also says that the crosses, figures and bloody spots disappear from the side leaves before the flowers burst into bloom, but that the central one, (which in all countries was thought to represent the Saviour) "lasted a good fortnight after the others had faded from view."?Globe Democrat.