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lewis m. grist, proprietor. J %w $nfojpkttf Jkrnilj gtepptr: Jor % frotnofioir of fjjt fclilial, Serial, Sgrimliiiral anh doomwraal fittetsfs of % $oaf|. j terms--$2.50 a year, in advance. "VOL. 34. YOEKVILLE, S. C.. "WED3STESIDA.Y. MAY 16, 1688. K~0. QO. - . , , ffoettg. DUE TWO MYSTERIES. We know not what it is, dear, this sleep so deep and still, The folded hands, the awful calm, the cheels so pale and chill. The lids that will not lift again, though we may call and call, The strange white solitude of peace that settles over all. We know not what it means, dear, this desolate heart-pain, The dread to take our daily way and walk in it again. Wa lrnnw not to what sphere the loved whe leave us go, Nor why we're left to wonder still, nor why we do not know. But this we know; our loved and lost, ii they should come this day, Should come and ask us, What is Life ? not one of us could say. Life is a mystery as deep as death can ever be; Yet, oh, how sweet it is to us, this life we live and see! Then might they say, those vanished ones, and blessed is the 'thought, So death is sweet to us, beloved, though we may tell you naught; We may not tell it to the quick, this mystery of death; Ye may not tell it if ye would, the mystery ol breath. The child who enters life comes not with knowledge or intent. So those who enter death must go as little children sent; Nothing is known, but I belie^e%that God is overhead; And as life is to the living so death is to the dead. ?fee (ftfltg Mler. A QUEER DUEL. THE EIGHT BETWEEN COO DL EDO EG EH AND JONES. When Sam Coodledodger went to Jones' qreek, ostensibly to visit his uncle, Judge Coodledodger, he went with the impression upon his mind that he held his life in his hand, for Jones' creek was, and is, in Western Texas, where, according to the standard newspaper literature, one must fight to live. That Goodledodger went fulljr believing this proves that he had considerable of courage hidden under his "boiled shirt" and other toggery that goes to make up the city dandy so much despised by tne rough and sturdy frontiersman, But Coodledodger's visit had something of vital interest in it to mm, for he went to woo and win Judge Coodledodger's fair ward, the rich Miss Melissa King. He had met Miss King in Galveston the winter*before, and had fallen in love with her there and then for her own sweet self. After her return to her Western home his love had grown stronger and stronger from day to day until it amounted to a passion at the time, or shortly after, when he received a letter from his uncle, the Judge, informing him that Miss King had fallen heiress to an immense stock of cattle, which made her one of the richest ladies of the land. Upon the receipt of this news Coodledodger could contain himself no longer in peace. He was very poor himself in this world's goods, and had an appearance and a name to keep up or suffer social death. So you see that even if the visit was not v altogether safe to life and limb there was everything to gain if the goal could be won, and failing, death would be preferable to life. ^ From this do not suppose for a moment that Coodledodger had the remotest doubt of success; on the contrary, he was very much prejudiced in his own favor, which prejudice proved his correct opinion oi himself and his fascinating powers. Within two weeks of his arrival at Jones' creek the fair Melissa was wooed and won. To give due notice of the betrothal tc the world, and to celebrate the event so as ^ to make it a memorable affair for generaations to come on Jones' creek, Judge Coodledodger gave a supper and dancing RH party, inviting the neighborhood from fai and near. Hp Coodledodger, up to the time of the parPv ty, had met with the kindliest treatment from all around him, and had laughed heartily in talking to his newly-made friends about what he expected to gc through in the shape of blood and gore among them before coming to Jones: creek. On the night of the party, however, he met a man whom he could not pacify by his bland manners and fluent speech, mL! Trtnco XIIIS UiUU tViUOUliuvvura. Jones had for a long time been an aspirant for the hand of Miss King, and, coming home from a month's cattle drive and finding her promised to another, had stirred up his wild spirit until it raged as madly sis the wayes that rush against the rocks and beat themselves into foam, lashed into fury by the storm. Sam Coodledodger and John Jones met for the first time in the ball-room, and were introduced to each other by mutual friends. Coodledodger, true to his gentle breeding, was courteous and affable, Jones, according to his nature and wounded feelings, in the presence of his rival, was gruff and surly, showing his unfriendliness both by word and act. Jones had the fame of being the desperado of Jones' creek. How this fame was acquired by him no one could tell, for, so far, he had certainly not committed any of the atrocious acts that give men such reputations. Before midnight, however, he had succeeded in making himself very disagreeable to Coodledodger in special, and tc nearly all the guests in general, by his bluster and swagger, and rude remarks ic the presence of all. About midnight he met Coodledodgei on the porch, and taking him by the arm drew him to one side and whispered in his ear: "Now, my city dandy, I want you tc leave this range as fast as horseflesh an: steam cars can carry you." "Why, what do you mean, Mr. Jones?' asked Coodledodger, greatly startled. "Just what I say. If you don't leavi this part of the country between now anc daylight, I will horsewhip you out of i before the sun sets to-morrow." Just then a man approached tnem, anc seeing who they were, addressed Jones "Now, John Jones don't play fool and gc to bullyragging the fine gentleman frorr the city. You can't get a fight out of him nohow; he's too soft and tender to hii hard?or be hit." "Don't I know it, Bill?" answered Jones, or I wouldn't have given him the chance to get away with a whole hide thai I have at this moment." "So you told him to go peaceably, die you?" "That's what I did, Bill." Then turning to Coodledodger, he asked: "Now didn't I, dandy?" "T annnnsfi vnn did. Mr. Jones. Bui A ^V.rrvwv, J , allow me to inform you that I will noi accept your proposition to leave now or ai any time. I will remain here and risk the consequences." Coodledodger's voic< had a perceptible quiver in it as he spoke At this time several other young mer came up to where the rivals re standwe ing, when Jones retorted: "Well,' dandy, I'll give you anothei chance. You can either fight me witl pistols at daylight or take a horsewhip ping a little later on." "Fight with pistols?" "That's what I said!" "But?but, Mr. Jones, consider the?th< danger," stammered Coodledodger. "Danger of what?" "Why, I am afraid?afraid you? yoi might get hurt." "What would hurt me, dandy?" "The pistol. Pistols go off and hur people sometimes, accidentally." "That's so, dandy," laughed Jones, rath er uneasily; then added, as he turned to walk away: "I'll give you two hours to accept the challenge to fight, or you can have the whipping in the morning." The young fellows burst out laughing at ' the spectacle Coodledodger made. He . shook and shivered in every limb, and " when the bully turned to walk away he > clasped his hands before him and pleaded : "Please, please, Mr. Jones?" Just then some one touched him on the arm, and when he turned around he recog. nized his cousin, Willie Coodledoger, a boy of seventeen or eighteen years, but i tall and muscular for his age, standing beside him. ' "Come with me, Sam," said Willie. , When the two were away from the crowd Willie stopped, and, facing his cous? in, he asked: "Now, Sam, can you shoot r a pistol?" "Yes, I have practiced some at targets in the city. ; "Then you must fight John Jones." ) "But, Willie, it is dangerous." "No, it ain't," cried Willie, stamping his foot angrily. "Jones is a coward and I know it. If you accept the ,/^gllenge i ten to one he will refuse to fight; If you funk, he'll horsewhip you sure enough the first time he meets you." "But what will Melissa say ?" "She is a Western Texas girl and will think all the world of you for taking your 1 part like a man." After some more talk Willie persuaded 1 Coodledodger to accept the challenge, and , Willie volunteered to act as second. Accordingly Willie sought out Jones and ? astonished him by declaring the fight on, and asked him who he would refer him to 1 to make the arrangements for the duel. To say that Jones was surprised is only putting it mildly; in fact the fellow was so staggered that he had not a word to say, : but started to walk away without giving Willie an answer. "Say, Jones," cried Willie, "it is fight or : sneak, sure enough." But Jones seemed not to hear as he moved further and fur, ther away. "Here, you fellows," shouted Willie to 1 a knot of men who were standing a little ' ways off, "come over this way and be a 1 witness that John Jones refuses to fight." This had the desired effect, for Jones 1 turned fiercely upon Willie and hissed out 1 between his teeth: "You shall pay for 1 this." Half a dozen young fellows came over to 1 see what was the matter, and to these Wil1 lie stated what had transpired. Jones when he saw that he was caught in his own net, tried to look as happy as a hungry man i3 at the sound of rattling dishes when the table is being set, answered loudly that he hungered for blood, J ' ? ? t- ^ .-v AnnAAOA ana was giaa to nave a euauce iu n^pcooc his appetite with dainty morsels from a 1 refined city dandy. Jones had no trouble to find a second to act with Willie and make ready for the ' battle. So at break of day Jones and his friend stole away from the sleepy crowd that was hanging around the Coodledodger place and made their way toward the prairie through the narrow belt of timber that fringed tne course of Jones' creek. When they arrived at the place of meet1 ing they found Coodledodger and Willie already there in waiting. The place selected for the fight was in a small V-shaped cove of prairie that formed into the edge ' of the timber. A gully from the creek came up to the lower point of the cove, where it forked, one branch running on ' each side of the cove, close to the timber line, and on into the prairie. Where the two arms of the gully were about forty steps apart was the place selected for the duel. The combatants looked at ea, h other 1 fiercely as the seconds made known to them that everything was in readiness, . and they were marched, each man pistol in hand, to where a short stake was driven into the ground. Here the duelists were 1 placed back to back and told to walk fif! teen steps straight ahead, and then turn and make ready to fire when the signal 1 was given. 1 "Now, forward, m?.*ch!" commanded ' Willie, in ringing tones. 1 "One, two, three," and so on counted the seconds until they stopped at fifteen. Jones and Coodledodger kept as even step as though drilling for a prize, and both ; seconds shouted "Halt!" at the same mo' ment, as if in one voice, but the two prin[ cipals walked on and on?sixteen, seven! teen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, and they ' disappeared in the gully. \ Willie and Jones' friend stood amazed, each looking after his man, thinking he would show up presently above the edge ! of the gully. Twoor three minutes passed, still there was no sign. The seconds look ed at each other, when Willie exclaimed: "I'll be dog goned!" Just at that moment a cry of horror " reached their ears. The sound came from ' the lower part of the cove, and thither they sped as fast as their feet could carry them. ! When they came to where the gully fork! ed and looked down in the bottom of it, a startling scene met their eye a. There was a pool of water in the bottom of the gully. In this pool lay Jones on his back and Coo; dledodger was sitting astride of him, hold1 ing him down by his long hair, one hand 1 on each side of his head. Every time Jones made an attempt to rise Coodledodg er would force his head under water, and when he ceased to struggle would let it " come to the surface again. ; Almost simultaneously with the two seconds a crowd of people came rushing upon the scene, Judge Coodledodger and 1 Miss Melissa with them. Hoars of laugh1 er went up from the crowd when they saw what had happened, and even Miss Melis' sa clapped her hands in glee when she saw ' that her lover was safe and the upper dog 1 in the fight. Thecombatant3 were parted, 1 and Jones slunk away by himself, vowing 1 vengeance against the whole world, while Coodledodger was brought home in triumph, the hero of the hour. > This happened years ago, but to this day } Coodledodger maintains that he was not j running away from the fight (Jones' I friends say he did) when he so suddenly f ran against his rival in the bottom of the gully, knocking him into the water-hole, but that he was playing off a joke. TIow } or where the joke comes in he cannot ex| actly explain, however.?Peter J^oilger, in & Galveston News. 1 : CURIOSITIES OF VISION. ) Though vision without the optic nerve l is an impossibility, yet light thrown di, rectly on the optic nerve or its fibers is not t followed by any visual perception. Only when the nervous elements contained in I the optic nerve are distributed among the j four layers of the retina, and light is t thrown on it does vision result. There is one spot in the retina more sensitive than I the rest. While the retina in other parts .ISrtU ?a/1 +kio rvnt?f if id xrollAUt IS puipusil 1CU, 111 lijio paiu n 10 jbiiuu. The very center of this yellow spot is the , point of vision. We can look at but one thing at a time, though while looking at t the one thing all other objects in the range t of our vision are vaguely seen. When we fc look at a thiug we turn the center of this : little yellow spot on it. i In the eagle every point on the retina is . a point of yision. His retina is all yellow. i The brain of the eagle is largely made up - of the knobs of cerebral matter from which the optic nerve proceeds. So the r eagle is in an important sense all eye, and 1 has very little brain for anything else than - vision. We can see but one thing at a time with that intensity with which the eagle sees everything within the range of vision. 3 Where the optic nerve enters the eye is a "blind spot." This may readily be found by the following experiment: Fix l two cards at the height of the eyes, upon a dark wall, two feet apart from each other. If the left eye be covered and the t right eye fixed upon the left hand card, the other will disappear from view at a - distance of about eight feet from the wall. fgiswHauMMS grading. For tbe Yorkville Enquirer. A PLEASANT FAMILY REUNION. Fort Mill, S. C., May 12.?On Thursday, the 3rd of May, 1888, it wa9 my pleasure to assist in the ceremonies attending the celebration of the 79th birthday of our honored and revered friend, the Rev. J. Milton Garrison, whose home is near this place. The morning dawned bright and clear, as if Dame Nature herself smiled in honor of the natal anniversary of this widely known and well-beloved servant of God. At an early hour a large number of friends and neighbors gathered at the old homestead. There they found a family gathering, indeed? eight children, sixty-one grandchildren and nine great grandchildren. After numerous greetings, congratulations and kind words had been spoken, the company dispersed through the grove and on tne adjacent grounds, passing a delightful forenoon?the children in, merry plays and games of all kinds, and their elders in conversation and witnessing the childish sport of the youngsters. At 12 o'clock dinner was announced. In the yard adjoining the residence, a long table was spread, which literally groaned beneath its burden of substantial and delicacies. The venerable gentleman whom we were all striving to honor, took his good wife upon his arm and led the way to the abundantly prepared table. Immediately after the honored couple, came the aged grandmother, holding in her arms a smiling infant of the fourth generation, and then two by two, the children, grandchildren and great grandchildren followed their elders. Following the children were the invited guests, all of whom made an imposing procession. After ample justice had been done to what was indeed a royal feast, the Hon. Wm. H. Stewart was called upon for a speech. In his usual happy manner he rose to the occasion, and in earnest and well chosen words offered to the aged couplethebestwishesofthe assembled company, and then proceeded to make a short, but very interesting and impressive address, confining his remarks chiefly upon the honor due to the man of usefulness and years wherever found. He held his audi 11 1 ? J ^ Un 1 ^ r% *-1 VtAlll* ence spell UUUIIU iUl UUUUt nau an uvui, and then gracefully closing, gave place to the Rev. Mr. Hill, who likewise entertained us with a few pleasant remarks in honor of "the day we celebrate"?that day being on this occasion the anniversary of the birth of a useful minister of Christ's gospel, and a dearly beloved husband, father and friend. After the close of Mr. Hill's remarks, Dr. Sam Kell was called upon. He excused himself by saying he had never made a speech in his life and was now too venerable to begin. He begged leave simply to offer his sincere congratulations to his highly esteemed old friend, with every kind wish for his welfare, prosperity and happiness, and a heartfelt prayer that when the sun of his long and well-spent life should set, he, "sustained and soothed by an unfaltering trust, should wrap the drapery of his couch around him and lie down to pleasant dreams." The Gold Hill Cornet Band was in attendance and did honor to the occasion by rendering excellent music. Though time presses and space fails, I cannot close without at least one word in commendation of these truly fine musicians. Already they are making a name for themselves and accept engagements from various parts of this and adjoining States to furnish music on public occasions. All honor to the Gold Hill Band! Not often has it fallen to our lot to attend so pleasant and successful a celebration. The entire day passed off without a single jar. As the sun declined towards the western horizon, we bade adieu to our venerable host and hostess, earnestly wishing them many "happy returns" of this delightful natal anniversary, Samuel Doleful, M. D. For the Yorkvllle Enquirer. REMINISCENCES OF WESTERN YORK. On the 4th of October, 1855, we attended the celebration of the battle of King's Mountain. This was the largest gathering of people the writer has ever seen, except the regular army. At that time our country was traveling the highway of prosperity, and this affair was an enjoyable one. People gathered there from all parts nf (ho TTninn V.VPn t.hft little State Of Rhode Island was reoresented in that assembly. Different military commands took part in the proceedings. The Masonic and Temperance orders were also represented. The estimated number of people present on that occasion was ten thousand. I have no idea it was below that number. Had it not been for the unpleasantness which took place among the States a few years afterwards in which I had an opportunity to test ray estimates of bodies of men from actual count, I could never have settled this in my mind. I cannot tell how long it had been since a similar demonstration had taken place there (if ever) before. That was the grandest scene witnessed in western York since my recollection. The military organizations were the Charleston Riflemen, dressed in dark grey uniforms trimmed in green lace, with green plumes in their hats. The Columbia Light Artillery, dressed in dark colored coats and white pants elaborately trimmed with red lace, and plumes of white and red feathers in their caps. Each private was armed with a cutlass. They had six pieces, each drawn by six richly caparisoned horses. Each driver wore boots with pieces of leather so arranged on the outside as to protect it from friction with the harness. The Calhoun Guards, of Chester, wore dark grey uniforms and caps tastefully ornamented with lace ; a plush ball surmoun: 3d the top of the cap in front. This company was commanded by Major Mills, of Chester, I think. The Cadets of the King's Mountain Military School wore light grey uniforms; their coats were elaborately decorated with palmetto buttons. Their pants were trimmed with dark lace. General Jenkins commanded them, I think. This, in my estimation, was one of the best drilled commands on the field and did credit to themselves, their officers and the county they represented. They executed the commands of their officers with mechanical precision. Two splendid bands furnished music for the occasion. To the speaking I paid but little attention. The pleasure of the occasion was marred by the untimely discharge of a cannon which severed an arm from the body of one of the artillerists. The nftomnnn wo? nrinmnnllv devoted tn re freshing the inner man. Long tables were loaded with the best of baked meats, and bread in abundance. Whole carcasses were dumped upon the table at once and almost as quickly dispatched. After satisfying ourselves with the edibles, we ascended the mountain that rose abruptly from the table to the ground occupied by the British during the battle. Clambering up the almost perpendicular heights we looked below to see the vast crowd working like bees. Civilians and soldiers, men and women, white and black, go to make up this sea of humanity. It was at this point I reilected : This day's proceedings commemorates the birth of American Independence. We are now standing on a spot that is and always will be dear to Americans. The rustling of the autumn leaves, crisped by the early frost, seems to whisper to us : "Put off thy shoes from thy feet for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground." My guide pointed out a tree near the top of the ridge that was claimed to be one on which a number of tories paid the price of treason. The night before the celebration, Mr. Thomas Palmer, of Yorkville, was wound- tl ed, it was claimed, by one of the "Cal- g houn Guards," who was standing sen- g tinel. This unfortunate circumstance ere- p ated a bitter feeling among the friends of the parties. J. L. s. E HOW MAPLE SUGAR IS MADE. y Pennsylvania farmers manufacture over ^ 2,000,000 pounds of maple^ sugar every spring. The bulk of this is made in the ^ counties on the west of the Alleghany n mountains, hut the northern and northeastern, counties produce a large amount tl of superior quality. Poets and painters ji have succeeded in throwing a glamour of ti romance and rustic picturesqueness about n the sugar camp, and a great amount of tl sentiment is annually wasted on them by rr persons who have no closer knowledge of c< woods in March than the poet and painter v have given them. In reality, the sugar h bush is a nasty, soggy place. The sugar farmer has discovered many li * ? AL/\ v\1/\ any) i o n r-v curious JHCIS aUUUl UlC luopic auu iio rap. For the sap to run freely there must be ol phere, with a north or west wind blowing, is the best for sap runniDg. That is fe the weather referred to by the farmer in ^ his saying: "When fires burn best then sap runs best." When the ground thaws during the day and freezes at night, and there is plenty of snow in the woods, "sap weather" is prime. A heavy snow T; storm during the sap season, followed by R' a freeze and a thaw, will make the owner of a sugar bush happy. "A few tree? u, will produce as much sap as a good many," is an anomalous saying of 'the sugar farmer. It means that trees standing close together divide the aggregate flow made ^ possible by the extent of soil they cover, ' which aggregate would be as great if there were half as many trees draining the spot, fr Night sap, or sap that runs at night, will J* make more sugar than the same quantity duriDg the day. Sap contains more sac- ^ charine substance when caught either immediately before or j ust after a snow storm t or freeze up. A tree tapped high will give sweeter sap than one tapped low, but ? the low tap will give the larger quantity. R A shallow tap will fetch from the tree a sweeter sap, and one that will produce ^ whiter ana better grained sugar than a p deep tap, but the deep tap will yield the most molasses. Sap starts just on the rv south side of the tree, and runs much ^ sweeter than sap from the north side, but ? sap will run for a long time from the north side of the tree after it has ceased running on the south side. As soon as the sap starts in the trees the _ maples are tapped, iron spiles driven in u the holes and a covered bucket hung to " each one. In the old days the spile was an elder with the pith punched out, and the receptacle tor the sap was either a trough hewn out of a birch block or an "j ordinary pail. The 6ap falls from the * spiles drop by drop, and so slowly that ^ it seems as if a pailful would never be obtained ; but on the contrary the trees have s to be watched very closely, as the pails fill in a remarkably short time, and the ? little drops of liquid sugar will be running t. over the rim of the paij before the stranger would think it possible. As soon as a pail ? is filled it is lifted from the spile and t emptied into a large barrel with a top like a big funnel. This barrel is securely at- , tached to a rude sled or wagon, and is tdrawn about the bush from tree to tree by . a mild mannered and easy going horse, g driven by a youth especially selected for his patience and carefulnefijj^qr tberounds of the camp must be made in a slow and cautious manner. An upset in the bush with a cargo of sap aboard lowers a driver in the estimation of his fellows, and it is a great feather in his cap if he come out when the season is over with a clean record n on that score. tj When the rounds of the trees are made, the big barrel is filled with sap and is taken to the sugar house or boiliDg shed. g There it is emptied into vats, beneath ^ which a steady fire is kept burning. As the sap boils in the vats it is kept constant- ] ly agitated by those having charge of that part of the work, who use long handled ladles and rakes. This is the most interesting part of maple sugar making, but it t, is at the same time the most distressing. The damp wood smoldering beneath the ^ boiling vats, acted upon by the riotous C| March wind, sends up dense clouds of suf- g) focating smoke. The stirrer chokes, burns and freezes by turns, according to the _] whim and the temperature of the wind and the combustible qualities of the wood tj in the fire. These discomforts, however, never attend sap boiling in the northeast- u ern counties of the State, where the sugar houses are inclosed and well appointed. S( After boiling in one vat until certain jr conditions are brought about, which the 0 sugar maker's skill detects at the proper 0| time, the sap is run into another vat g through a strainer and then the boilii.g is r( continued. When a proper consistency is gj reached in the second vat the sap is ready ^ for sugaring off. A few farmers in west- a] ern Pennsylvania have their boiling houses jr so equipped that the last process may be tj gone through with on the premises, but jj generally the awaiting syrup is loaded in jt barrels and conveyed to the farm houses, ^ where the farm wives and their daughters a] take charge of it and "sugar off." It is ti Dlaced in huge boilers, on stoves arranged hl for the purpose, where it boils and bubbles and reduces itself, under the skillful jr manipulation and superintendence of the housewife. a The tests of the different stages of the a, syrup as it is slowly transformed into sugar C( are the same to-day as they were the first jg day maple sugar was made?a spoonful of syrup on a plate of snow, or dropped into e) a bowl of cold spring or well water. The cj work of sugaring off requires the greatest a] of skill and the most constant attention. Qj If syrup is wanted the quick eye of the v farmer's wife detects the stage known as the "buckwheat"?when little three-cornered grains form underThis test. The w syrup is then turned into earthen jugs. ^ When the boiling shows the advance of the e] hardening stage, the hard work begins. tj The hot, sticky mass must be beaten and w stirred, and stirred and beaten, until the 0| grains separate and the sugar assumes a ^ fine, smooth and whitened appearance. C( While the syrup is still in the liquid form g( it is run into molds and forms of all des- a] criptions, to suit the fancy or convenience C( of the maker, and set away to cool.?Cor. jj New York Tribune. 0) THE ELEVENTH^CuilMANDMENT. The North American Review contains the subjoined excellent article from the pen of { ' Walter Gregory, a lawyer of Atlanta: p. "In this very pleasant world you may fr look upon men in either of two ways. At si the outset you must make your selection, n: Your choice will, in part, reveal yourself. *a It will also determine your happiness aud ai success. You are with us. You must re- h main awhile. And you must shape your- si self upon one theory or the other. You hi must say: jtesoiveu, mat an hjcu iuc y\ Jshmaelites. Or you may pause and re- ei fleet. You may give such a conclusion the st consideration it deserves. You may dig- oi nify it with its proper importance. Then, n< perhaps, you may say: Resolved, That sc all men are brothers. It is a matter of no cl concern to 4all men' which resolution you p adopt: but it concerns you very greatly, tl It will make a big difference in your his- uj tory. . h Did it ever occur to you what a profound cl lesson was taught in that horn-book story ei where your attention was called to the fact v that ;Mary loved the lamb, you know.' it Now that you are a grown child, it is pi taught you again, in the statement 'He ft first loved us.' g1! There is a new religion now growing in tl this world. Or, if you prefer, there is an old religion, up to which this world is now tl growing. v tl The most hopeful sign of these times is p: lat this new-old religion is finding conenial soil. Just In proportion as it is enerative will this world be a pleasanter lace in which to live. The old ten commandments are good, iut the eleventh commandment is the est. 4 A new commandment I give unto ou, that ye love one another.' It is the elightful religion of the universal brothrhoodof men. I had rather lay one stone 1 the foundation of this temple than to ave the ownership of the world, during iv brief \ tay here. It means universal charity. Charity of iought. Charity of feeling. Charity of idgment. It means the actual and praccal relief of suffering. It means largeess of sympathy. It means respect for le feelings and sensibilities of others. It leans humanity in its broadest and most jmprehensive sense. It means the cultiation of that most lovable habit?the abit of unselfishness. There are no professors in this grand region. y ou either practice it, or you eDjoy Done i f its manifold blessings. "UNDER FKtE.'? * - > ] There is nothing to correspond with the leling experienced by a soldier under re. ? Take, lor instance, the average man, the J lan who is neither very brave nor a e reat coward. In all his life he could cy larcely have had any sensation to com- ? are with that of hearing the ping of the } rst bullet of an approaching fight. J There is a spiteful sound as the ball sings 1 y the ear, or a spitting sound as it cuts a c vig above the soldier's head. Then there is a disagreeable searching c >und as the shdl comes in spirals, as if to ? vist itself into nis vitals. No man knows ntil he has once been under fire whether J e can depend upon himself or not. With * le majority it at once becomes a struggle * stween pride, will, a natural desire to 9 and up and be a man, and a natural ? smptation to flinch. 1 There is a wondeful readjustment of the ? anding of officers and men in a command r fter the first fight. A number who have 1 sen regarded the best men lose their c igh places in a twinkling, and here and ? lere some one of whom nothing was ex- 1 ected steps right up to the front. F Some men who will face any amount of u lusketry firing can't stand the sound of a ? lell; and vice versa. It is a mistake to ~ lppose that a soldier gets used to "fire" 1 v beinc exDOsed in a number of battles, f /ith each battle he becomes more timid. Yet veterans are more to be depended pon than raw troops. This is parJiy beluse they are better disciplined, partly Bcause they have gone through similar ;enes, and partly because they are more fiiant on each other and their officers. It is true, men will in a measure get & sed to fire by being long exposed to it, as t Vicksburg. There the Union troops 'ere under a continued regular fire for c lonths. Being for the most part well c rotected, they soon saw that the shells t id comparatively little damage, and the 1 rojectile which curved in the air to light * tnong them did not excite anything like J le trepidation a similar first shot would j xcite out on an open field. In other * rords, they became in a measure accus- I >med to the bombs. * Bravery, as it is usually understood, is * irgely dependent upon physical condi- ' ons, and is supposed by some phy- ? cians to come from the action of the 1 eart. It is said of Napoleon I that * nder the most profound excitement, on J le eve of 'battle, his pulse nover ran J bove some forty to fifty beats to the min- J te, whereas the average pulse of adults is i bout seventy. 1 Whether bravery is the result of physi- < il condition or no, it is certain that it is J iuch easier for some men to be brave J lan others, and many hold that all men ( re cowards at heart. At any rate Fred- 1 rick the Great once said that a man who ? as never felt fear has never snuffed a can- ( le with his fingers. 1 NATURE'S PROTECTION OF FISH BY COLOR. ? It is wonderful to note the methods em- c loyed by nature for the protection of all er living forms. There is no living crearre which has not been provided by na- a jre with some means of protection either s irough strength, fleetness of foot or wing, e jnniug,or a natural color similar to the 1 irrounding objects, thereby rendering . aem difficult to detection. The partridge s tosely resembles the dead leaves, twigs, c nd fallen timber, and the deer possesses c ae same characteristics to such a degree f aat about the only part readily seen is the i ffiitehairon the under part of the tail, f lany of my readers have doubtless ob- f irved the difficulty usually experienced c 1 looking into a trout stream to see any s f the fish. This is caused by two reas- ^ ns?the first is the natural shyness of the a sh, and the second is that they so nearly i jsemble the color of the bottom of the t iream. But the color is affected only so 1 ir as the different shades of light and dark 1 re concerned. Many times this chang- s igofcolor has been illustrated by driving c le trout from a spawning race having a t ght gravelly bottom out into a pond hav- a ig a dark bottom, where, by contrast, the f ifference in shade could be plainly seen, a nd where the trout would, in a very short t me, assume the color of the dark colored t ottom. t It is the general opinion that this change c 1 color is adjusted through the visual or- c ans, and the reason for this belief is that trout which is perfectly blind turns black ad never changes, no matter what the T inditions of the bottom may be. If this p i incorrect, it is hard to understand why c le blindness of the fish should have the a [feet on its coloration that it does. The f lange in color takes place instinctively, t ad without any effort or action on the part \ f the fish, and is intended as a wise pro- r ision of natuie to be one of the means c iven for their protection from many of r leir natural enemies, otherwise I hey v ould be a much more easy prey for the t ingfisher, fish-hawks, cranes, and other ( aemies. In the rearing of young trout p lere appears an occasional albino-pure t hite, with pink eyes. These never fJ lange in color and are, therefore, very i ifficult to keep long in a preserve, on ac- j. aunt of the ease with which they can be c ;en and caught by their enemies. Trout t re not the only fish which change their )lor as above described. The same peeu- t arity is found among nearly all varieties a f fish to a greater or less degree. t s The Beginning of Crime.?Many a a assionate child rules the household. The F ttle baby on it mother's knee goes into a F assion because its dinner is witnneiu ora him, or some toy denied him. He e irieks, and strikes his mother, and the t lother says: "Poor little boy, he has such passionate nature; he can't be crossed," id yields to him. She ought to spank " im?spank him hard?for bein^in a pas- t on, and give him nothing till his passion 1: as cooled. The child, though he be so r oung that he cannot speak, if he be old b aough to lift his fist and strike a blow, de- ti srves punishment, needs to have a lesson a f repression .aught it. The mother who ii eglects this increases the chances of her p m's going to the gallows. When the c lild is older, there are better disciplinary v unishments than spanking; but when o le child reaches such an age that they are r seful, it may be too late, his temper may s ave grown into a dominating force in his n laracter that cannot be eradicated. Moth- p rs sometimes say when a child shows a c ile temper and shrieks a good deal, that p would endanger his life to punish him ; f erhaps so, but you still more endanger his I iture if you don't punish him. Many a d allows tragedy has had its beginning on ^ le mother's lap. \ Day by day I see criminals, hundreds of \ lem?thousands of them in the course of t le year. I see scores of broken hearted p arents wishing rather that their sons had j lever been born than they had lived to iear such burdens of shame and disgrace. [ hear the wailing of disappointed moth;rs, and see humiliated fathers crying like 'hildren because of the sins of their chilIren. I see mothers growing gray beween the successive visits in which they :ome to inquire about the boy in prison. Ind seeing these dreadful things till my leart aches and aches, I say to those mothsrs and fathers whose boys have not yet ,pone astray, to mothers and fathers whose *" " --T XI I _ !!..?? mie lamines are ine care ox ineir uvea, each your children obedience. I want it vritten large. I wish I could make it daze here in letters of fire. I wish I could vrite it in imperishable, glowing letters >n the walls of every home?obedience, (bedience, obedience! Obedience to law? o household law; to parental authority; inquestioning, instant, exact obedience. )bedience in the family, obedience in the chool! Wherever, from the beginning, he first glimmering of intelligence in he child, there is expression of law, let here be taught respect for it and obediince to it. It is the royal road to virtue, o good citizenship ; it is the only road.? Hr. M. F. Round in Independent. School Work at Home.?The amount >f school work to be done at home is a subect in which parents and teachers are qually interested. Aside from the physial injury already referred to, caused by arrying loads of books to and from school, s the time consumed out of school hours n the preparation of lessons. No one with he least knowledge of physiology will ontend that ten hours a day of intellectu.1 labor is a reasonable tax upon a growing hild. The teachers themselves are paid inly for one-half of that time, and some lave even been known to rebel at the ocasional necessity of prolonging their labor wo or three hours beyond the limit, confinement at a desk in a school-room hould not be followed by an almostequally lose confinement at home for the rest of he day and evening. Fresh air and exrcise are of infinitely more consequence o the child, than the successful reducion of a certain number of pounds to a ertain number of pence, or tne ability to ecite the listof all the Kings of the Saxon leptarchy. Parents, too, have a right to potest against being continually called ipon, perhaps in hours they themselves an ill afford to spare, to help their chilIren solve problems or write compositions. ror such service are the teachers em loyed and paid. As such work belongs o the school-room, it should be done there. !f, in order to get it done at all, it must leeds be crowded into the hours rightly >elonging to rest, recreation or home duies, then less should be attempted, that he teacher may have opportunity to peronally superintend the labor which is legitimately hers.?Caroline B. LaRoiv. Characteristics of Old Age.?The :haracteristic changes which go along with >ld age, and to which the final stoppage of he machinery of life is due, are seen to be nostly degeneration of structures in which he normal active tissues are replaced by Materials of inferior quality. Fat and ime salts are very poor substitutes for the lealthy, contractile muscle, or the transient structures of the eye. It has been bought by some that if we could prevent he introduction of earthy salts into the )ody by way of food and drink, the right irteries and degenerations generally of age night be prevented. The plan proposed "or thus forestalling age is as follows: Drink nothing but distilled water, or a Irink containing phosphoric acid and the uice of lemons, of which distilled water 8 the basis. Eat no vegetables containing nuch of the earthy salts. This would ex:lude spinach, cabbage, etc., from the diet. So tea nor coffee. Take plenty of milk. k much more rational diet would be one :ontaining but little albuminous food, fienty of milk, no eggs nor lean meat, but is much fats as can be taken without dis:omfort. It has been observed that calca eous degeneration is almost always pre;eded by chronic changes in the kidneys, md these are certainly hastened by a diet >f lean meat, eggs and the like. The Unseen.?It is strange how Jittle ve know even of those who have been iheltered by the same roof-tree, into whose jyes we look each morning, and whose lands have clasped ours in childish sport. There is a veil between us all, thin as a pider's web, but who can pierce its deliate folds? The mother knows not her hild; before the dewy light of infancy ades from the blue eyes the mystic screen s drawn, the inner life of thought and eeling has begun. She may watch the flow of the bright face, or the quivering if the sad lip, hear the joyous laughter or tifled sob, but there is a hidden realm vhich she cannot enter. All of us possess l dual life?the cold outward existence ipon which the world looks, and the lurning inward life to which we poweressly strive to give utterance. No grand larmony ever thrills us with its majestic weetness, but in it we catch vague echoes ?f this diviner life. Its music runs like a hread of gold through every true poem, md its beauty mellows in every noble >ainting. There is a fine bloom upon our pirits which the careless world would 1 j >rusn asjue, so au airy weu is umwu puectingly over its loveliness. We are all nantled in an invisible drapery, and who lare reveal the Isis hidden under the sared veil? The "Great American Desert."? There is no more astounding proof of the :rowth of this republic, says the Journal f Commerce, than the fact that middle.ged men now living have seen the Conines of this supposed desert shrink almost o nothingness. The desert has thus marrelously cc tracted, simply because it is lot what we should call a desert, save in omparatively few spots. The old theoies about its sterility have all turned out vrong. It was supposed that, because for he most part treeless, it had no rainfall. )r, if a certain small quantity of rain was ;ranted to it, then it was assumed that his was insufficient for farming purposes. Therefore, at' its best estate, the "Great American Desert" could serve only as lasture ground for cattle and sheep, as iriginally it had served for millions of luffaloes. Experience has proved this theory of a reeless waste and a rainless area to be all , mistake. There is a melancholy want of rees on the Western plains, but their abence does not entail a perpetual drought nywhere. And small though the annual >recipitation of rain may be in some daces, the pioneer has yet to find the spot barring alkali lands and pure sand patchs) where the heavens deny him water for he raising of grain and vegetables. Tiie Very Essence of the World.? 'Men will praise thee when thou doest well o thyself." Politics, religion and social ife, as they generally exist, are all aninated with the same principle; everyiody expects, as is expected, to do the best or himself. Children areeducated to look iter tneir own interesrs; men go "iw uusness to secure a fortune for themselves; leople build a church or a mission to seure the interests of the denomination to fhich they belong; nations go to war in rder to exalt themselves, or to attain teritory, or commercial advantages for themelves. Again, men enter into an argunent to prove themselves in the right; they lay a game to show their skill; they furlish a house to secure their comfort; they iray to God to ease their conscience; and, rom first to last, self is the object of all. n a little country town, the squire cannot line with the merchaut, nor the merchant vith the shopkeeper, nor the shopkeeper nth the dressmaker, nor the dressibaker vith the servant, nor the servant with bte scavenger, because self would be sup>osed to lose some of its contemptible su>eriori tyExchange. ; BIBLE PLANTS. It must not be supposed, however, that the flora of the Holy Land is meagre. On the contrary, it is strikingly rich and diversified. There are twice as many species of plants native to Palestine as there are in the very much wider area of the British Isles. But it is only on account of their economic utility, or because of their suitability for moral and spiritual illustration, that they are mentioned by the inspired writers. The geographical conditions of Palestine are so varied and its climate is so favorable to vegetable growth that no botanist will feel astonished at the richness of its flora. Of Oriental types there are the splendid acacias, and their brightly colored parasite, the loranthus; the denizens of the mountain include the oak, the maple, the magnificent cedar and the pretty oxyria; among the trees are the carob, the terebinth, the olive and the oleander ; crowds of orchids and anemones, lilies and pinks, cyclamens and echiums, and many other snowy flowers occur in such profusion as to lead Canon Trisham to compare the scene to the Garden of Eden; while everywhere are seenjnostof the blossoms that ornament the English wayside and hedgerow?the buttercup and daisy, the campion and corn-poppy, the dog-ro9e and bayony, the willow-herb and germander speedwell, the herbrobert and stitchwort, the wild mint and selfheal, the groundsel and dandelion, and others familiar to us. The chief attraction, however, of the Palestinian flora does not lie in its profusion, nor even in its beauty, but in its hallowed associations. We cannot help feeling impressed even by the simple daisy and buttercup of those pastures over which Abraham walked when, by divine direction, he pitched his tent in the land of promise. The beautiful tulips and orchids shine with added charms when we reflect that it was flowers like these, and growing where they now flourish, that David, the ruddy-faced shepherd lad, plucked while guarding h. father's flocks. These charming anemones and tinted or spotless lilies that transfigure the plains ana ponds of Judea seem to speak to our very soul as they re-echo the sweet and oftneeded lessons of trust and contentment which the Saviour drew from them. From the Quiver. Devotion to Duty.?During the siege of Gibraltar its governor, General Elliott, was one day making a tour of inspection, when he came upon a German soldier, - -i. t_f x !iL?? who, tnougn sianaing at, ins uusi, neiiner presented arms nor even held his musket. "Do you know me, sentinel?" inquired the general. "Why do you neglect your duty ?" "I know you well, general, and my duty also," was the reply; "but within the last few minutes two of the fingers of my right hand have been shot off and I am unable to hold my musket." "Why don't you go and have them bound up ?" "Because in Germany a man is forbidden to quit his post until he is relieved by another." The general instantly dismounted. "Now, ray friend," said he, "give me your musket and I will relieve you. Go and have your wounds dressed." The soldier obeyed, but went first to the nearest guard-house, where he reported that the general was standing on duty in his place. His injury unfitted him for active service, but the story of his courage soon reached England and he was made an officer.?GoWen Argosy. Who Should Avoid Tobacco.?A man may, it is true, smoke five six cigars, or - as many pipes each day, without recognizing any harm in consequence; but we .' make the statement, without hesitation, that he could not indulge to that extent and continue in perfect health. Men who live sedentary lives must be more temperate than those who are constantly in the open air. There are certain complaints in which the use of tobacco should be forbidden altogether. Men who have weak lungs, with a tendency to consumption, ought never to use tobacco, and the same, as a rule, holds good in chronic bronchitis. In all constitutional diseases characterized by general functional derangement, impaired nutrition and impoverishment of the blood, the poisonous effects of tobacco are intensified. In fact there is not a condition of ill health in which we would feel justified in recommending the patient to use tobacco. Let men in perfect health smoko if they find it adds much to the pleasure of living. We cannot condemn the habit so long as it is held in restraint; but if indulged to an excess, a certain measure of ill health, is the inevitable consequence.?Boston Herald. Effect of Bad Temper on Health. The effect upon the bodily health of the M mind harrassed by bitterness and anger is y? to propagate derangements and infirmities. The appetite lessens, digestion is impaired, and then follow other functional disorders. The nervous system suffers from continual mental irritability and hysteria, headache, and other painful affections often owe their origin to this prejudical influence. As has been said: "An irritable and fractious temper, whether due to an O/-ifiTTCk omnaMmont nr nthpr PftllRPS. hp C4VH TV bVUJ^/WlUlAlVMV V a. v ?a>v> comes, necessarily, the instrument of its own punishment. And it furthermore poisons the happiness of all within the circle of its influence. To so many occasions of annoyance, to many vexations are we all, even the most fortunate of us, exposed, that the happiness of the naturally irritable man must be continually encountering obstacles, and his health consequently be ever liable to injury." ? A Little too Smart.?I heard the other day of a clerk in a dry goods store who was smart and quick, a splendid manager and all that. He haa an exalted opinion of himself, and frequently made himself disagreeable by remarking to his associates that the concern could not possibly get along without him. This came to the ears of the senior partner, and the old gentleman called the clerk into the private office and said: "Mr. Jenkins, you have been very efficient, and we appreciate your services; but I hetfr that you have repeatedly asserted that if you were to die the concern couldn't possibly survive it, and this has worried both mvself and my partner very much, for you,'like all men, are liable to die very unexpectedly. We have therefore concluded to experiment while we are in health, and see if the concern will survive your absence. You will therefore consider yourself dead for one year, and we will make an effort to so consider you for that length of time." Globe Democrat. The Exiles of Siberia.?Some interesting facts and figures regarding the unfortunate exiles of Siberia have recently found their way into print. It appears that on January 1, of this year, the total number of political and other prisoners of both sexes in the provinces of Irkutsk, Yeneseisk and Yakutsk was 110,000. Of these 42,000 were in fixed places of residence, 20,000 were employed on different public works, and 48,000 had escaped from confinement and were living on "their own hook." In western Siberia the number of the escaped prisoners was still greater, a recently taken census of the different towns and villages showing that the enormous proportion of 67 per cent, were mis| sing.?Paris Cor. New York Star. The greatest elevation which has been attained by man is 37,000 feet?about seven miles?this height having been reached during a balloon ascent made by Glaisher. At this tremendous distance above the earth's surface physical exertion is found to be almost impossible, owing to the great rarefaction of tne atmosphere. S&* The cost of milk depends upon the cost of food, hence the more milk received from a cow in proportion to food given the cheaper the cost.