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lewis m. g-rist, proprietor. | % ^nirepwibtni ^amiln ^tcfaispaptr: /or % promotion of ifjt |JoIi&al, jsotial, ^griniltaral anil Comnurtial jfitftrtsfs of % j$ont|. TERMS?$2.50 A TEAR, IN ADVANCE. "VOL. 33. YOEKYILLE, S. C.. WE]?^SDXYT^CJNE^971l887! ]STO. 26. _ THE SEVEN DAYS, June, 1887, Brings Back Their Quarter Centennary. THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC Splendid Fighting on the Bloody Retreat to the James River. TV* Desperate Fights of Mechanlcsvllle, "-i?-mtui. Sdtlon. Glen dale and Malvern Hill?The Koute from Torktown to the Jamea Strewn with Soldiers' Graves. After the battle of Fair Oaks, both armies rested a while. Harder.-tad Sumner's corps creased, to . the sooth side of the ChickaImminy, May 81, 18^, when the Chickahominy rose in mighty flood and swept all before it, Sumner's Grapevine bridge Included. If the flood had come in the forenoon of that day at Fair Oaks instead of toward ^vening, the corps of McClellan's army south of the stream would have been cut to pieces. h Only the railway bridge was left acroes the Ctdekabooiiny, and over this were brought soppHee for the corps?Keyes', Heitzelman's and Sumner's?on the south side of the stream. The base of supplies was stfil at White House, on the Pamunkey. "The ground turned into a vast swamp," says Gen. Webb, "and the guns in battery sank into the earth by their own weight." McClellan began again in this swamp his favorite work of throwing up intrenchmenta ,.r*ifcw. Franklin's corps was moved across to the right bonk. n t5L'A_ T-1 n coips was tbe only one r?maining men timid, and do GEN. K. x. LEE. more barm than food, and I tbink the older officers of the army tbink so." Jane 3, Gen. Robert Edmund Lee was appointed to the command of the Confederate army in Virginia. Thenceforward till the end that illustrious name stood at the bead of its roll of generals. Its defeats were his, its successes his successes. At the time the war broke out, Robert E. Lee was on officer of thirty-six year* steading in the United Btates army. He was 55 years old. His father was "Lhrht Horse Harry Lee" of the revolution, the officer who Originated the fine phrase boot Washington, "First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen." Robert E. Lee was opposed to secession, but he felt bound to the state of Virginia. Therefore, Jane 18,1881, the day afterthe Virginia enHnanee of secession was passed, he went to Gen. Scott and resigned his place in the nay. He said of his resignation: "It would have been presented-at onoe but for the struggle it has cost me to separate myself from a service to which I have devoted all the best years of my life and all the ability I possessed." Some of McClellan's ablest officers were of opinion that he could have pushed on immediately after the battle of Fair Oaks and have taken Richmond without much difficulty. The way was open there. But he did not think so. He simply crawled ahead a littlo further, and intrenched. Meantime Gen. Lee began fortifying around Richmond with all the resources at his command. In a few days, almost as if by magic, there appeared on every commanding spot about the Confederate capital frowning defenses and cannon and guards. After that it was too late to take Richmond without great loss. On June 1, 1862, McClellan Lad with him 02,500 fighting men?five corps. Lee had 80,762. Lee's men were in divisions under Gens. Longstreet, A. P. Hill, D. H. Hill, Magruder, Huger, Whiting and Jackson. Gen. George A. McCalTs division of Pennsylvania's, that had been detached from McDowell's corps, remained with Porter's corps op the north bank of the Chickahominy. On the south bank, across the river, the Federal soldiers were massed heavily about Seven Pines in this general direction: TJVnr?lr1in I Sumner, Heintzelman, White Oak Swamp. As they faced toward Richmond Franklin occupied the Federal right, Heintzelman the left Keyes' corps was kept as a reserve. Gen. Franklin followed the fortunes of the army of the Potomac till the close of the war. He was a J the war he accepted Clellan desired re- objt. w. 3. FRANKLIN, enforcements. For the third time it was promised that McDowell should join him. A second time "Stonewall" Jackson prevented this by making a feint in northern Virginia. McClellan believed that McDowell did not wish to join him as a subordinate, and was irritated thereat. He wrote Secretary Stanton: "It ought to be distinctly understood that McDowell and his troops axe completely under my control." There never was a good understanding be- ; tween the commanding general and his su- \ periors at Washington. Time passed on, with storm and rain, the commanding general execrating the weather, the authorities at Washington and Gen. McDowell, the soldiers in the meantime standing waist deep in mud and water building bridges and earthworks. June 13, the famous Confederate cavalry j commander, J. E. B. Stuart, made a brilliant raid, circling quite around the army of the i Potomac. Ho dashed even into their base of supplies at White House, on the Pamunkey, and carried off a large number of horses and prisoners. It gave the Federal authorities an uncomfortable shaking up in their minds. June 25, McClellan made a mi re forward at Seven Pines. There was a small fight at Oak Grove, in which the Union forces were victorious, and pickets from Heintzelman's and Sumner's corps were posted within four miles of Richmond. The generalship of Gens. Lee and Stonewall Jackson at this time commands admiration. After finishing his movements in the Shenandoah Valley, Jackson wrote to Johnston this significant letter, dated June 0: "Should my command be required at Richmond, I can be at Mechanic's Run depot, on the Central railroad, the second day's march." i Lee, in command when the letter was re- j ceived, wrote him back that if he could leave | the valley, and "could deceive the enemy," so j as to make him believe he was still in thea; Shenandoah region, to come on. The two generals hit on the plan of appar- j ently sending re-enforcements from Richmond I to the Shenandoah, to Jackson, giving the i impression that Jackaon still meditated mis- ' chief in the valley. In reality, he was to meet the re-enforcements and hutry back with them to Richmond. Lawton's and Whiting's commands were marched out of Richmond with a flourish, care being taken that the Federals should be aware of it At Harrisburg Juckson met them June 17, and all -* - -*"'1 Difittin/inrl TKft T\1o? U'HQ fl SUU IUU uavii w AkiViiiuvMu. *MW f * ?*? ? complete success, and it was this trick which for the third time prevented McDowell from joining the army of the Potomac. It is to be noted that Secretary Stanton 0 only, of all the Federal managers, Was not deceived by the ruse, but declared that Jackson's real movement was toward Richmond. Everybody was undeceived when, June 26, McClellan hastily telegraphed that his pickets were being driven in north of the Chickahominy. Until then, day after day, it had been telegraphed to Washington, "All quiet in the army of the Potomac." So bent on having additions to his army had McClellan been that June 10 he had telegraphed Secretary Stanton, advising that a considerable force be detached from Halleck's western department and sent to him. Long before this, early in March, McClellan had been relieved from duty as commander of all the armies of the United States, and made* commander only of the army of the Potomac. This was done, it was claimed by President Lincoln, in order that the general might give all his time to the war in Virginia. McClellan regarded it as a humiliation, and says: "The order proved to be one of the steps taken to tie my hands in order to secure the failure of the approaching campaign." Ho believed that it emanated from Secretary Stanton, and was issued out of spite; There was at that time no commander in chief of all the armies. There were three independent departments, with HeCleilon in , tbe east or Potomac department, Fremont in the central one, called the mountain department, and Halleck over that west of the Mississippi, called the department of the Mississippi. From the time he made the brilliant cavalry dash aroand the army of the Potomac till the tyear before RichStuart occurs constantly in encounters with the army Wherever there for swiftness and was found. May inouS cavalry man wounded near j. e. n. stuart. Richmond, in an engagement with Sheridan's troopers, and died the same day. SEVEN DAYS' FIGHTING. After Stuart's raid, June 11, McClellan began to prepare for changing his base of snpplies from the Pamunkey across the Peninsula on the James river, fie did this in view of possible defeat and disaster. _ . SEVEN* DATS' BATTLE GROUND. McClellan and Lee had each fixed on J una 20 as a day for attacking the other. McClollan meant to storm Richmond and take it by assault. Lee intended to attack McClellan and raise the siege of Richmond. But McClellan was behind Lee in moving, and the Confederates got in their attack first Then McClellan dismissed his plan of taking Richmond lor the time, ana maue preparations for a secure retreat to the James, which was now in possession of the Federals from its mouth nearly to the Confederate capital. The first battle of the seven days' fighting was that of Mechanicsville, June 26. A slight skirmish had taken place June 25. Porter's corps was stationed around and to the east of Mechanicsville. Near here was Beaver Dam creek, with Ellison's Mill upon it. McCall's Pennsylvanians were stationed on the rising ground near Ellison's Mill, commanding the creek. To the right, left and rear of McCall were Gens. Reynolds, Martindale, Griffin, Meade and Seymour, with their commands. The troops were ranged half moon shape on Beaver Dam creek. Mechanicsville bridge crossed the Chlckahominy. Stonewall Jackson and his men were to be in the rear of Mechanicsville on the morning of the 2Gtb. Branch's Confederate brigade was to cross the Chickahominy up near Richmond, move rapidly down the river road and clear Meadow bridge of its Union guard, and then strike eastward, join Stonewall Jackson, and make an attack on the Federal rear east of Mechanicsville. Meadow bridge crossed the Chickahominy north of the one at Mechanicsville. As soon as Meadow bridge was cleared of Federals. A. P. Hill was to cross it rapidly, push still further south and then take the road to Mechanicsville. That movement would leave the Mechanicsville bridge clear. Longstreet and D. H. Hill were to cross it, march hastily 011 and join the attacking column. Thus McClellan's army on the north bank of the Chickahominv would bo involved front and rear, and could be cut to pieces. But for the first time in his life Stonewall Jackson was late. The two Hills and Longstreet carried out their part of the programme, attacking the Federal front as it faced south on the Chickabominy. Their work was with the Federal left, Jackson's with the right. , A. P. Hill's advance had driven the Union pickets back to the main line at Ellison's MiiL There was time enough for the Federals to form in battle line. Hill and Longstreet advanced in the teeth of a tremendous fire of musketry and artillery from the heights around Ellison's Mill. The firing came from Gen. Seymour, who held the left. The Confederates had hoped to turn the Union flank and cut the left to pieces. In the midst of deadly fire they were hurled back, and the movement failed, and so the battle of Mochanicsvillo ended. It had lasted from 3 o'clock in the afternoon till 9. McCall's men were in the bloodiest of the contest. The Confederates lost between 3,000 and 4,000, the Federals about 400. Next morning McClellan resolved to retreat south and take up a position on the James. Ho found for certain that Jackson was in his vicinity with a large force, and had only been detained by some Federal skirmishers at Tolopotomy creek, north of Mechanicsville. Here some military critics declare McClellan made anotner mistake, me uonieaeraces nau left Richmond protected only by 25,000 men ?Huger's and Magruder's divisions?on the 27th. After the Federal victory at Mechanicsville if McClellan had unexpectedly and vigorously attacked Richmond, he could have cut Leo's army in two. Magruder, indeed, expected it. He wrote in his report: "I passed the night without sleep. Had McClellan massed his whole force in column, and advanced it against any point of our line of battfe, as was done at Austerlitz under similar circumstances by the greatest captain of any age, * * . * the occupation of our works about Richmond, and consequently the city, might have been his reward." But McClellan did not do it. Ho began to retreat to the James. The second battle of the seven days' fighting was thut at Gaines' Mill, or Cold Harbor, June 27. McClellan made ready for his right wing to cross the Chickahominy. During the night of the 2Gth the heavy guns and wagons were sent aci-oss to the south bank. Porter's corps, the Fifth, was drawn up at Gaines' MIlis, a position several miles south of Mechanicsville. This place was between Cold Harbor and the Chickahominy. The Confederates had not retreated. Another attack was to be made on Fitz John Porter's corps, north of the Chickahominy, next day. Porter's men were ranged in a semicircle facing the bridges were to cross to the tMfc I south side of the yjaT, jfSto ?C9l Chickahominy. The guns which /L \ J had alreadycrossed had been planted on the other side jT'Vfe to face the bridges. June 27, A.eRHili once more attacked the Fifth Federal mz john porter (1887). corps on the north side of the Chickahominy, There were 83,000 Union troops, while the Confederates, with the re-enforcements constantly coming up, numbered not less than 50,000. The Federal troops engaged were Sykes1 and MorelTs divisions of three brigades each. The fight of the 27th is also sometimes called the battle of Cold Harbor. A. P. Hill made an attack and then withdraw sonwwhat. He kept up a half fight for two hours, waiting for I^mgstreet and Jackson. About 4 o'clock Stonewall Jackson arrived, and at once engaged in battle with all bis force. The Confederate forces in the fight at Gaines1 Mills were the divisions of the two Hills, Longstreet, Branch, Ewell and Whiting. The battle roared and thundered from 2 o'clock till after sunset Here was some of the bloodiest fighting of the war. Men's lives were no more than a flash of powder. Desperate efforts were made to break Porter's line. Regiment after regiment of Confederates were rolled against it and recoiled under tho deadly fire that met them. Yet others camo, as though they sprang from the ground. Ewell, from D. H. Hill's left, led one advance. As he came upon the ground his men met two regiments beaten backward and flying. "We're whipped, you can't do anything; they shouted to Ewell's men." "Got out of tho way, we'll show you," answered tho new comers. But even they could not break the lina They wero hard pressed, when suddenly 4,000 Georgians, under Lawton, rolled up to thenaid. "Hurrah for Georgia!" shouted Ewell's men. Meantime, on tho south side of the Chickahominy, in the Federal camps, a scene was passing which nobody afterward felt proud oi. rucnmonu was largely empueu ul trwpa. Across the Chickahoraiuy, within call, were the corps of Franklin, Sumner, Koyes, Heintzelman. Porter, hard pressed, sent to his commander for re-enforements. McClellan, thinking be had a great force in fr^nt of him, only sent one division, Slocum's, of Franklin's corps. Magruder was practicing his Yorktown trick of making a great noise and show ?with a few men. Indeed, the Confederate tactics throughout the day, even in the fight at Gaines' Mill, were somewhat similar, and say they succeeded. Now, Sumner reported that his right was going to stantly, then Smith i was sure the Cont. f. meagheb. federates were massing in front. Anon Franklin discovered heavy columns on his right. By this masterly Confederate tactics the corps commanders were kept expecting an attack all day, and prevented from sending aid to Porter. Again, at sunset, Porter, still desperately fightihg, sent for help. Could it be spared! McClellan asked. Then Sumner sent French'3 and Thomas Francis Meagher's brigades, but confessed that ho thought he was running a risk to do it. The two brigades dashed across the bridges and up the bluff toward Gaines' Mill with a shout and a cheer, Meagher, the lively Irish general, at their lieaci in his snirt sleeves, ine soldiers tell. But then it was too late. Porter's terribly cut up line had broken in the center at last. The soldiers who had fought so bravely and so long were rushing pellraell toward ?tho Cliickahoniiny, in full rout. The comrades who had come to save them could only cover their retreat and stop I the Confederate pursuit. It was Hood's and McLaw's Texan brigades, of Whiting's division, that at last broke Fitz John Porter's line. The regular and zouave regiments did not break. In the fight of Gaines' Mill two regiments, one of New Jersey, the other of Pennsylvania, were surrounded and taken prisoners. With them was Brig. Gen. Reynolds. Under the protection of Meagher's and French's brigades Porter's whole corps, what was loft of it, retreated to the south bank of the Chickahominy. Some of his artillery was left behind. Thus one corps and a division of McClellan's army was made to fight more than twothirds of the whole Confederate army around Richmond. In this bloody battle Porter's corps lost 6,000 men, killed, wouuded and prisoners; the Confederates, 9,500. Morning found Fitz John Porter's corps across the river, and the bridges destroyed behind it. Stoneman's and Emory's cavalry, cut off front the rest of the corps, escaped by the way of White House and Yorktown, and went down the York river and up the James and rejoined the army of the Potomac. During the Peninsula campaign the French princes, the Due de Chartres and the Comto de Paris, received a thorough experience of American warfare. They served as aides on McClellan's staff, with the rank of captain, from September, 1801, to the close of the seven days' fighting. They were the grandsons of King Louis Philippe, and were the same two princes that have been recently exiled by the French government. With their uncle, the Prince de Joinville, they followed the fortunes of the army of the Potomac. They were brave, dashing young fellows then, full of fun and merriment. They kept up their own establishment, with their uncle, who was very deaf. Some of McClellan's happiest hours were passed in their tent, in those weary days. At midnight after the {disaster at Gaines' Mill McCIellan sat in his tent and wrote to Secretary Stanton a dispatch, the like of which was never sent by a soldier to bis superiors before: "If I save this army now, I tell you plainly that I owe no thanks to you or to any other persons in Washington. You have done your best to sacrifice this army." Then be announced to bis officers bis intention to begin bis march south to the James. At daybreak be was at Savage station, on the York and Richmond railroad, breaking camp and preparing for the journey to the James. By noon that day, June 28, Keyes' division had crossed White Oak swamp and taken position 011 the other side of it to guard the passage of ammunition and provision trains. Sumner's, Heintzeluian's and part of Frunklin's corps were to remain on the Richmond side of White Oak swamp, to cover the movement of retreat. It was well planned. There was a slight action on the morning of the 28th. A heavy Confederate artillery flrn fnrtwl division to abandon move nearer Savand bis line of sup- gem. A. p. HILL, plies. Ho therefore prepared to strike MeClellan at White House, on the Pamunkey. He sent Ewell and Stuart tc that point to seize the railway and war supplies. They were a day too late. Tlio stores had been mostly removed, and such as could not bo carried away were destroyed. The White House itself had been burnt The night of the 28tli of June, it suddenly dawned on Loo that McClellan had changed his base, and was in retreat to the James, with the intention of drawing supplies by that way. He determined to send his anny in pursuit at once. Then came the next battles in this ghastly serial?the fights or Allen's Farm and Savage Station and the affair at Willis' church, all June 29. With all haste McClellan had retreated toward the James. He gave orders that all supplies which could not be quickly conveyed should be destroyed. Says Gen. Webb, in the "Peninsula Campaign:" "Lines of fire marked the camps and depots of the Union troops. Millions of rations, hundreds of tons of fixed ammunition and shells for the siege guns were thus lost." June 29 McClellan's headquarters were removed from Savage station to the James river side of White Oak swamp. The line of retreat can be seen on the map of the seven days' battle ground. The 6ame day Sumner abandoned Fair Oaks and also dropped southward, to Orchard station. By following the line of march on the map the reader will see that their moves were In a direction away from Richmond. "Ah, there was a time for you," says one of the old boys of the army of the Potomac, who limps about with a bullet wound in his leg, got in the seven days' battle. "We used to fight all day and march all night" So desperately bent on reaching the James was McClellan that he left his sick and wounded who could not be moved behind him in a hospital at Savage station, where they would hty hn fhA PrvnftulnTMifac Sumner and Heintzelman's corps were at Allen's farm, near Orchard station, on the morning of June 29. That morning Lee's army started in pursuit of the retreating Federah. Huger and Magruder started out, Magruder by the Williamsburg road, which led eastward to Savage station, Huger by the Charles City road, which led southeastward to Glendale. These and Longstreet and A. P. Hill were to attack on the right, while Jackson was to cross the Chickahominy in the rear of the Federals and pursue from the north. McClellan, in arranging his retreat, had ordered Keyes to go forward first and take position on Malvern Hill, near the James. Porter and Franklin were to follow, and so, watching the rear and tho right, they were to push on to the James. This was the morning of the 29th. McClellan himself bad already ridden on toward the James, to select a suitable position. The heaviest supplies were already well on the way. Among them was a drove of 2,500 beef cattle, which were got off in safety. [Gen. James Longstreet was a South Carolinian, born In 1820; graduated at West Point, fljBM \ Mexican war. After KXt civil war he enA? paged in business aSHX pursuits and held ment offices under trations. He is now made a lively atlongstreet. tack on Sumner and Ileintzelman at Allen's farm, but was three times repulsed. Magruder went in person to Lee to get re-enforcements in * vain. Lee had ordered Huger and Jackson off somewhere else. Magruder's attack ceased. Sumner's corps then moved nearer Savage station. McClellan's destruction of the Chickahominy bridges had retarded the pursuit by Jackson, who was on the north side of the river. He did not got over till the morning of the 30th. Meantime, on the afternoon of the 29th, Magruder again attacked the Federal forces around Savage Station. He says he had 13,000 men. Thus, with Huger's division pursuing McClellan's army, Richmond was quite denuded of troops. The Federal forces grouped around Savage station in the battle of that name were Franklin's corps, with Smith and Slocum as division commanders, Sumner's corps, and.McCaU'a... division of Franklin's corps. Heintzelman bad been ordered by Sumner to take position on the left, but Heintzelman simply withdrew his corps, and took no part in the battle of Savage Station. He said there was not room for so many troops, so he destroyed the stores at Savage station and started for the James. It was well known that there was no love lost between Heintzelman and Sumner. Leo had expected Jackson to tako part in the action at Savage station, but Jackson had not yet been able to rebuild the Grapevine bridge, and so Magruder fought alone. At 5:30 Magruder brought his forces into action. With them was the peculiar rifled cannon which the Confederates called the "Land Mer rimac." It was mounted upon a car, and the front of it was covered with a sloping iron roof, from which shots rattled harmlessly off. The sides were protected with armor plate, over which was another covering of heavy wood. Just before sunset Magruder's Confederates made a rush for the Union forces at Savage station. The "Land Merrimac" was used with great effect. They were met with a heavy fire from the Union lino. Then for half an hour there was nothing but roar and smoke and deadly fire. At the end of that time the Confederate lines were broken. They gave way, fell back and left the road to White Oak swamp open for the Federal retreat to the James. The retreat was continued as soon as the wounded could be gathered up, and Sumner's and Franklin's corps went on their way, through White Oak swamp, leaving behind them Savage Station, with its huge hospital of sick and wounded and its medical stores. This was McClellan's order. It fell into the hands of | Stonewall Jackson next morning, with its 2,500 men. In the battle of Savage station the Confederates lost 4,000 ineu, the Federals 3,000. Burns and his men The battle occurred fiOjRbS \ on Sunday. Next morning, y \ Juno 30, Stonewall " /Sjtr Jackson crossed the followed in pursuit. toward Malvern me mini ngnt , that took place on GBX* M CALL* that fated 29th of June was at Willis' church, near Glendale. It was a sharp skirmish with Confederate cavalry on the Quaker road, by which McClellan was retreating. With the great number of Confederates drawing nearer and nearer to his right, and Jackson's men after him in the rear, this retreat of McClellan to the James was no child's play. June 30 McClellan had reached his new headquarters at Malvern hill, near the James. But the army of the Potomac had ? by no means arrived there. It had yet more fighting before it ere it rested on the James. In this bloody retreat fighting enough was done and lives enough were sacrificed to have taken Richmond many times over if the Fedj ei al generals had only known how to do it. Three roads leading out from Richmond I intercept the Quaker road by which McClel| lan retreated. When Keyes began his retreat, I he fortunately discovered an old road runI ning parallel with the Quaker road. He j struck that, and by hurrying his men along j it, reached Malvern Hill speedily. A d6uble { line of troops was thus also formed against j the Confederates. The two routes appear on I the map. There was a constant danger of attack by j the Confederates along the cross roads, alroady mentioned, leading from Richmond, immnlv tlm P?hnr1r?i Oihv Ontral and New ' -?--?J 1 ?" J ? market roads. As soon as Lee discovered the lino of HcClellan's retreat he ordered llill and Longstreet to recross to the south side of the Chickahominy and follow south and intercept the Federals. The Central road runs into Loug Bridge road, and that crosses the Quaker road. At tho intersection of the Long Bridge and Quaker roads Hill and I Longstreet found part of the Federal forces, i A mile further bn, at the junction of the i Newmarket and Quaker roads, McCall's division was posted. Then took place the sixth contest of the : seven days' fighting?the battle of Qlendale, sometimes called also the battle of Nelson's | Farm?Monday, Juno 30. It is called, too, | tho battle of Frazier's Farm. In all the stubborn fighting of the Peninsula the absence of the commanding general | from so many of the severest fights is matter | of note. While his corps commanders, and | in some cases division and brigade generals, were bearing the brunt of battle without .a leader as best they might, McClellan was apt to beDff somewhere else, superintending the throwing up of intrenchments or the selection of baKdqoarters or doing engineer's work. It was MUfortunato for his fame as a military Off. the perilous retreat to the James he went;.ahead, to Malvern Hill, to James river and the gunboats. During .the bloody fight at GBndale the general in chief know nothing aboif.it till late at night He had been part of tha day at his headquarters at Malvern Hill amd part of the time upon a gunboat. IaA? battle at Olendale Gen. Philip Kearney distapulshed himself. He was one of the most gallant and accompllshed of American N, soldiers of his time. \ He was born in 1815, and was educated at ^KgjjjSS MQKr T Columbia college, \ but aftenvard entered the regular f AfiSB army. He went to W V. France to pursue his military studies, joined the French army and served with u>9l,lu^l>v/u Au lastly leading t> charge. July 2,1862, at the close of McClellan's Peninsula campaign, he was promoted to a major generalship for gallantry. He did not long lire to enjoy his new honor, however. He was killed at Cbantilly, Va., Sept. 1, two months later. There was fighting all along the line that bloody Monday, June30. Back at White Oak Swamp bridge, on its south side Gens. Smith, Richardson and Nagle were posted with their commands and Ayres' and Hazard's batteries. They had crossed White Oak Swamp bridge and destroyed it behind them. Jackson came up in hot pursuit, and there was desperate fighting. Hazard was mortally wounded and his battery cut to pieces, but still Jackson was held back a whole day and evening by the Federals. Still, Is the story told How well Horatius kept the bridge In the brave days of old. During the night the Foderal forces dropped southward, still heading toward Malvern Hill. The same day, in the afternoon, the hot fight at Glendale came off. At W illis' church, near the village, McCall's division was posted. It had suffered frightfully at Meclmnicsville and Gaines' Mill, having been reduced from 10,000 to 0,000; but it was here again, fighting in the thickest of tho battle at Glendale. Kearney's division was at the right of McCall, as they faced southwmtl. Sumner's corps was to the left of McCall, with Hooker's division on Sumner's left Hooker and Kearney belonged to Heintzelman's corps. T AHMninnnf l\nrl mi 1 11 i lid UUIigabl CCU UUU UU^LU WV vuw tion of the Long Bridgo road before the Federals could pass it. But he was too late. Keyes' and Porter's corps had already passed. Heintzelman's and Sumner's men were at Glendale, with only Franklin in the rear at White Oak bridge. 4 Longstreet, finding so many Federals at Glendale, was obliged to wait till Magruder came up. Gen. Lee and Jefferson Davis were with Longstreet, waiting to see the battle. Gen. Couch took prominent port in the first battle of Malvern Hill, which closed the t so-called seven days' was one of the old school military men, having been born in 1802. He was a graduate of West Point, and served in from 1848 till 1805^ attaining the rank of volunteers. He rearmy at the close of 0*5. dAmes k. couch. 0f the war. At Glendale, June 30, the first and heaviest blow of the Confederates fell with crushing force upon McCalL .<CoL Simmons met the attack bravely, Ve ttifc' Confederate;* back into the woods. SuddenlyVhey turned, and pursued became pursuers. There was a frightful slaughter, in which Col. Simmons was mortally wounded. Presently the Confederates made a charge in wedge shape. They came down upon Randol's battery with irresistible fury, yelling like wild Indians. Nothing could withstand them, with men swarming under, over and around the guns, and cutting loose 1 ?i 1,1 mftt.rn-nrii flint nrtll. l/UD IlUi aca ucu. i\.oat itxij n??u W4 4V4 ?? W. M v?w? ? ... lery w as out of the question. Finally McCall's line broke, and he was driven to the rear, losing some of the guns. Kearney came to the rescue after McCall's defeat, and formed two lines in the woods. The Confederates charged on the guns three times during the afternoon, but were rcfnlsed each time. Gen. McCall, in trying to rally his men, about dusk, was taken prisoner. At Richmond he saw one of his brigade generals, Reynolds, captured at Gaines1 Mill. Fresh troops coining from White Oak Swamp toward evening finished the fight and drove the Confederates back, and with the darkness tho battlo of Glendale ended. At another point in the Federal line, Hunt's artillery and Gen.. Sykes' troops repulsed a Confederate attack, at Malvern Hill, making the third for that bloody Juue 80. Gen. Meade was dangerously wouuded that day. The Federal line of retreat had not been cut in two, though it had been fearfully strained, and that night and the next day the last of the weary Union troops straggled into the new camp at Malvern Hill. But it was not to rest. Tuesday, June 1, occurred: .THE BATTLE OF MALVERN HILL. This battle properly closes the terrific seven days' fighting. As the troops came in they were posted in strong positions about Malvern Hill by Gen. Barnard, chief engineer. They clianged front and were faced toward Richmond. It was ftnully settled, however, that the permanent camp was not to be at Malvern Hill, but at Harrison's landing, on the river, where supplies could be better obtained and where the army could be under tho protection of tho gunboats. Gen. McClellan went on board the Galena to consult with Commodore Rodgers about the supplies. , s r* 1 'A \ V v l\=> /A \ n \ i (y /) \ ^ \ vOit* 4 turn NaT; Vjf'Ulfi u W<W^ rfyx*'Mrt*s\ lm '////// c=I \fc?fawfMMT MALVERN niLL BATTLEGROUND. According to bis usual luck, the general was absent when the battle of Malvern Hill'begaD. With the changed front, Porter's corps was on the left. Skirted in an oval around Malvern Hill were the other Federal troops: Couch's division on the right of Porter, next Kearney and Hooiter, next Sedgwick and Richardson, next Smith and Slocum, then the remainder of Keyes' corps. Gen. McClellan himself had ordered this disposition of troops. The Confederates wero in close pursuit. At 1 o'clock their advance was seen. They were ranged in this order: Magruder and Huger on the Confederate right, while circling after them to the left were Jackson, Ewell, Whiting and D. II. Hill. Longstreet and A. P. Hill were in the rear, too weary to fight. The Confederates had been ordered by Gen. Lee to "charge with a yell" if the Federal lino was broken. Next, they were to advance with fixed bayonets and "drive the invaders into the James." But the shouting did not come oft. Gen. Armistead, who was to carry out this part of the programme, advanced to a point where be could not come on or go back, and his troops lay down upon the ground to escape the artillery fire. The first attack was made upon Porter and Couch. Morell's division of Porter's corps and Couch's division of Keyes' bore the brunt of the battle. The Confederate plan was to take Malvern Hill by assault. But tier after tier of Union artillery rose above the heads of tho Confederates and poured n deadly fire into them. The Federal gunboats in the river aided the artillery in the hills, and the Confederates were driven back with slaughter and confusion. Three desperate assaults were mode upon the hills in vain. With the darkness the broken Confederates drew oft and gave up the fight. Tho day was decided by the tiers of Federal artillery among the hills. Once more, July 2, McClellan's generals believed that he could have advanced and taken Richmond. But he did not. On the contrary he moved all his army to Harrison's landing, three w miles down, and wrote to Washington for re-en- th forcements. Of the 180,000 men which had positlvely been furnished him he reported that he | had only 50,000 left. -r Of Lee's 80,7C2 men, he lost in killed and ar wounded during the seven days' fighting, includ- y< Ing Malvern Hill, 18,400. The fighting through- sb out was awful and bloody, without decisive result nc on either side. Six weeks of inaction followed. fQ Of the leading generals who took part in this terrible campaign few are left. The Army and Navy Journal keeps record of them. Sumner he died during the war. Heintzelman died recently v( in Washington, a retired army officer. Gen. Mc- 3 Call still lives engaged in civil pursuits, in Penn- 7l sylvania. Gen. Keyes is also living, engaged in w civil pursuits, too. Gen. Couch, at the ugc of 85, Wl resides in Hartford, Conn. . is JV ferial fturg. s nmr i BY H. RIDER HAGGARD, J AUTHOR OF "KINO SOLOMON'S MINES," sa "SHE," ETC., ETC. Tl tr CHAPTER XXIII. tr . IN THE DRIFT OF THE VAAL. S The day liad been intensely and overpoweringly hot, and our travelers sat in the shade I" of the cai-t positively gasping. During the afternoon there bad been a little breeze, but w this had now died away, and the stilling air hi felt as thick as though they were breathing hi cream. Even the two Boers seemed to feel P* the heat, for they were lx>th outstretched on ?i the gross a few paces to the left, to all appearances fast asleep. As for the horses, they ^ were thoroughly (lone up?too much so to ht eat?and hobbled along as well as their knee a halters would allow, daintily picking a s" mouthful hero and a mouthful there. The only pei-son who did not seem to mind was '? the Zulu Alouti, who sat 011 an antheap near A the hoi-ses, in the full glare of the setting sun ar and comfortably droned out a little song of th his own invention, for Zulus nre as great for 81 improvising as the Italians. te " John," said Jess, at last, "where do you suppose we are going to camp to-night? If uj we follow the main road we shall reach Stan- th derton in an hour." is "I don't suppose that they will go near hi Standerton," he said. "I suppose that we hi shall cross the Vaal by another drift and di have to 'veldt,' it" * st Just then the two Boers woke up and began th to taik earnestly together, as though they* hi were debating something hotly. A Slowly the huge red ball of the sun sank to- aI ward the horizon, steeping the earth and sky in blood. About a hundred yards from where 06 they sat tiie little bridle path that branched a from tbo main road crossed the crest of ono h of the great land waves that rolled away in every direction toward the far horizon. John watched the sun sinking behind it till something culled avvuy his attention for a minute. M When ho looked up again there was a figure st on horseback, standing quite still, upon the ^ crest of the ridge in the full glow of the now disappearing sun. It was Frank Muller. ra John recognized him in a moment. His horse 811 was standing sideways, so that even at that bl distance every lino of bi3 features, even the a trigger guard of the rifle that rested on his ^ knee, showed distinctly against the back- n( ground of smoky red. Nor was that all. ^ Both he and his horse bad the appearance of te being absolutely on fire. The effect produced 61 was so weird and extraordinary that John C? called his companion's attention to it. She Q' looked and shuddered involuntarily. pi "Ho looks like a devil in hell," she said; "the fire seems to be running all up and down 01 him." "Well," said John, "ho certainly is a devil, but I am sorry to say that he has not yet reached his destination. Here be comes, like a whirlwind." In another twenty seconds Muller had Y reined the great black horse on to his haunches alongside of them, and was smiling w sweetly and taking off his hat. bi "You see I have managed to keep my word," ho said. "I can tell you that I had tc great difficulty in doing so; indeed, I was nearly obliged to give tbo thing up at the sh last moment However, here 1 am." se "Where are wo to outspan to-night?" asked pi Jess. "At Standerton?" n< "No," he said; "I am afraid that is more u] than I can manage for you, unless you can si: persuade tli? English officer there to surrender. What I have arranged is, that we should la cross the Vaal at a drift I know about two gi hours (twelve miles) from here, and outspan at a farm on the other side. Do not trouble, tc I assure you you shall both sleep well to- oi night," and he smiled a somewhat terrifying smile, Jess thought. fc "But how about this drift, Mr. Muller/" st suid John. "Is it safe'/ I should have ol thought that the Vaal would have been in flood after all the rain that we have bad." li| "The drift is perfectly safe, Capt NieL I tt crossed it myself about two liours ago. I m know you have had a bad opinion of me. but tt I suppose you do not think that I should tt guide you to an unsafe drift?1' and with another bow he rode on to speak to the two fc Boers, saying, as he went, "Will you tell the th Kaffir to put the horses in?" With a shrug of his shoulders John rose and M went off toward Mouti, to help him to drive ti up the four grays, who were now standing w limply together, biting at the flies, that, be- sr fore a storm, sting more sharply than at any other time. The two horses belonging to the m escort were some fifty paces to the left It of was as though they appreciated the position bt of affairs, and declined to mix with the animals of the discredited Englishman. se The two Boers rose as Muller came and di walked olf toward their horses, Muller slowly following them. As they came the m horses hobbled away another thirty yards or rc so, and then lifted up their heads, and, as a consequence, their fore legs, to which the heads were tied, and stood looking defiantly st at their captors, for all the world as though tt they were trying to make up their minds n< whether or not to shako hands with them. si; Frank Muller was alongside the two men now, and they were alongside the horses. 01 "Listen!" he said, sternly. th The men looked up. . w "Go on loosening the reins, und listen." ui They obeyed, and liegan to slowly fumble m at the knee halters. P* "You understand what our orders are. Repeat them?you!" hi The man with the tooth, who was addressed, st still Handling tue rem, oegan as iouowh: -10 pi take the two prisoners to the Vaal, to force ar them into the water where there is 110 drift, ' Oi at night, so that they ilrown; if they do not w drown, to shoot them." ra "Those are the orders," said the Vilderbeeste, grinning. ca "You understand them?" ni "We understand, meinheer; but, forgive th us. the matter is a big one. You gave the th orders?we wish to see the authority." "Yah, yah," said the other, "show us the ^ authority. These are two harmless people sti enough. Show us the authority for killing fit' them. People must not bo killed so. even if wl they ore English folk, without proper authority, especially when one is a pretty girl aI: who would do for a man's wife." ou Frank Muller set his teeth. "Nice fellows | yon are to have under one!" he said. "I am your officer; what other authority do you ! want? But I thought of this. See here!" and he draw a paper from his pocket. "Here, you?read it! Careful now?do not let them ?'' see from the wagon." The big, ilabby faced man took the pajier ' ^ and, still bending down over the horse's knees, read aloud: or "The two prisoners and their servant (an ^ Englishman, an English girl and a Zulu ! Jvllllli ) U' *n; CAtxui lit jjuiauauuj \jl wui uw cree, as your commanding officer shall order, us enemies of the republic. For so doing this shall Iks your warrant." "You see the signature," said Muller, "and * you do not dispute it?" "j "Yah, we see it, and we do not dispute it." "Good. Give mo back the warrant." ^ The man with the tooth was ubout to do so, when his companion interposed. "No," ho said, "the warrant must remain ' with us. I do not like the job. If it were only the man and the Kaffir now?but the 'J* girl, the girl! If we give you back the warrant, what shall we have to show for the deed of blood? The warrant must remain with us." n\ "Yah, yah; he is right," said the Unicorn; "the warrant must remain with us. Put it in . your pocket, Jan." * "Curse you, g**e it to me I" said Muller, be- 01 tween his teeth. "No, Frank Muller, no," answered the Vil- * dcrbeeste, patting his pocket, while the two or three square inches of skin round his nose w' rinkled up in a hairy grin that, owing to e cut on his head, was even more curious an usual; "if you wish to have the warrant >u shall have it, but then we shall upsaddle id go, and you can do your murdering mrself. There, there, take your choice; we all be glad enough to get home, for we do >t like the job. If I go out shooting I like shoot buck or Kaffir, not white people." Frank Muller reflected a moment, and then > laughed a little. "You are funny people, >u home bred Boers," he said; "but perhaps >u are right. After all, what does it matter bo has the warrant, provided the thing is ell done? Mind there is no bungling, that all." "Yah, yah," said the fat faced man, "you in trust us for that. It won't be the first me that wo have toppled over. If I have y warrant I ask nothing better than to go 1 shooting Englishmen all night, one down, ie other come on. I know no prettier sight an an Englishman toppling over." "Stop ttoat t^JK ana saaaie up, me can. is aiting. You fools can never understand the fferenco between killing when it is necesry to kill and killing for killing's sake, iiese people must die because they have beayed the land." "Ynb. 3rah," said the Vilderbeeste, "beared the laud; we have heard that before. -who-betray the land must manure it; >at is a good rule," and he langhed and issed on. Prank Muller watched his retreating form ith o smile of peculiar malignity on his uidsome face. "Ah, ray friend," ho said to mself in Dutch, "you and that warrant will trt company before you are many hours der. Why, it would be enough to hang me, 'en in tills happy land of patriots. Old ould not forgive even me for taking that ;tle liberty with his namo. Dear me, what lot of trouble one has to take to be rid of a lgle enemy I Well, it must be done, and jssie is well worth it; but if it had not been r this war I could never have managed it. h! I did well to give my voice for war. I n sorry for the girl Jess, but it must be; ere must be 110 living witness left. Ah! wo e going to have a storm. So much the betr. Such deeds are best done in a storm." Muller was right; the storm was coming ) fast, throwing a vail of inky cloud across e star spangled sky. In South Africa there but little twilight and the darkness follows irtl upon the heels of the day. No sooner id the great angry ball of the sun finally sappeured than the night swept with all her ai-s across the sky. And now after her came e great storm, covering up her beauty with s blackness. The air was stiflingly hot. bove was a starry space; to the east the igry bosom of the storm, in which the jhtnings were already playing with an inssant flickering movement, and to the west deen red elow, reflected from the sunken m, yet lingered on the horizon. On toiled the horses through the gathering oom. Fortunately the road was fairly vel and free from mudholes, and Frank duller rode just ahead to show the way, his rong, manly form standing out clear against le departing western glow. It was an awful night. Great pillars of ud colored sky came creeping across the irface of the veldt toward them, seemingly own along without a wind. And now, too, ghastly looking ringed moon arose and irew a weird, distorted light upon the blackjss that seemed to shudder in her rays, as tough with a prescience of the advancing rror. On crept the mud colored columns, id on above them, and resting on them, ime the muttering storm. The cart was lite close to the river now, and they could ainly hear its murmur. To their left was a ippie, covered with whito, slabliko stones, 1 which the sickly moonbeams danced. "Look, John, look!" cried Jess, with a psterical laugh; "it looks like a huge gravelrd, and the dark shadows between are the iiosts of the buried." "Nonsense," said John, sternly; "what do 3u mean by talking such rubbish?" He felt that she was a little off her balance, id, what is more, he was getting rather off Is own, and therefore waa naturally the igrier with her, and the more determined ? be perfectly matter of fact. Jess made no answer, but she was frightened, le could not tell why. The whole thing rembled some awful dream, or one of Dore's ctures come to life. No doubt, also, the jar presence of the storm exercised tin effect pon her nerves. Even the wearied horses lorted and shook themselves uneasily. They crept over the ridge of a wave of nd, anil the wheels rolled softly on the ass. "Why, we are off tho road!" shouted John i Muller, who was still guiding them, fifteen twenty paces ahead. "All right! all right! it is a short cut to the ird!" he called in answer, and his voice rang rnncro nnrl hollow through the creat depths ! the silence. Below them, a hundred yards away, the ;ht, such as it was, gleamed faintly upon te wide surface of the river. Another five inutes and they were on its shore, but in te gathering gloom they could not make out le opposite bank. "Turn to the left!" shouted Muller; "the ird is a few yards up. It is too deep here for le horses." John turned accordingly, and followed 'uller's horse some 300 yards up the bank II they came to a spot where the wuter ran ith an angry music, and there was a great virl of eddies. "Here is the place," said Muller; "you must ake haste through. The house is just the her side, and it will l>e better to get there if ore the tempest breaks." "It's all very well," said John, "but I can't e an inch before me; I don't know where to ive." "Drive straight ahead; the water is not ore than three feet deep, and there are no >cks." "I am not going, and that is all about it." "You must go, Capt. Kiel. You cannot op here, and if you can we cannot. Look lere, man!" and he pointed to the east, which >w presented a truly awful and magnificent ght. Down, right on to them, its center bowed it like the belly of a sail by the weight of e wind behind, swept the great storm cloud, hile over all its surface the lightning played iceasingly, appearing and disappearing in :edles of lire, and twisting and writhing serin t wise round about its outer edges. The distant muttering of thunder that they id heard had died away, and now the great orm swept on in silent majesty, like the issage of a ghostly host, from which there ose no sound of feet or rolling of wheels, nly before it sped the swift angels of the ind, and behind it swung the curtain of the in. Even as Muller spoke a gust of icy air ught the cart and tilted it, and the lightng needles began to play more dreadfully " ? ofrtem iwo a hrooVi'nrr iirvm ail C V Cl Alio OWliu I'tw era, "Come, get on, get on!" he shouted, "you ill be killed here; the lightning always [ ikes along the water;" and as he said it he ruck one of the wheelers sharply with his hip. "Climb over the back of the seat, Mouti, id stand by to help me with the reiiftl" sung it John to the Zulu, who obeyed, getting bereen him and Jess. "Now, Jess, hang on, and say your prayers, r it strikes me we shall have need of them. >, horses, so!" The horses backed and plunged, but Muller i the one side and the smooth faced Boer on e other lashed them without mercy, and at ;t they went into the river with a rush, la gust had passed now, and for a moment two there was renewed silence, except for e whirl of the water and the snakeiike lii*a the coming rain. For a few yards, ten or fifteen perhaps, all snt well, and then John suddenly discovered at they were getting into deep water; the ro leaders were evidently almost off thongs, and could scarcely stand against the curat of the flooded river. "Damn you!" he shouted back, "there is no ift here." "Go on, go on, it is all right!" came Mule's voice in answer. John said no more, but, putting out all his ength, tried to get his horses round. Jess rned herself on the seat to look, and just en came a blaze of lightning which revealed uller and his two companions standing disDunted on the bank, the muzzles of their les pointing straight at the cart. "Oh, God!" sho screamed, "they are going shoot us." Even as the words passed her lips three tigues of flame flared out from the rifles' )uths and the Zulu, Mouti, sitting by ber le, pitched heavily forward on to his head o the bottom of the cart, while one of the lfelen? reared straight up into the air with a shriek of agony ann cffTne down with 'a splash into tho river. And then followed a scene the horrors of which baffles my poor pen. Overhead the storm burst fa fury, and.flash after flash of fork, or rather of chain, lightning fell into the river. The thunder, too, began to crack like the trump of doom; the wind rushed down, tearing the surface of the water into foam, and, catching under the tent of the cart, lifted it clean off the wheels, so that it began to float. Then [the two leaders, mad with fear by the fury of the storm and the dying struggles of the off wheeler, plunged and tore at the traces till they actually rent themselves loo6e and vanished between the darkness overhead and the boiling water beneath. Away floated the cart, now touching the bottom and now riding on the water like a boat, oscillating this way and that, and slowly turning round and round. With it floated the dead horse, dragging down the other wheeler beneath the water. It was awful to see his struggles in the glare of the lightning, but at last he sank and choked* And meanwhile, sounding sharp'and clear across the din and hubbub of the storm,'came tbo cracking of the three rifles whenever the flashes showed the whereabouts of the cart to the murderers oh the bonk. Mouti was lying still in the bottom on the bed plank, a bullet between his broad shoulders and another in his skull; but John felt that his life was yet whole in him, though something had hissed past his face and stung it Instinctively he reached across the cart and drew Jess on to his knee, and cowered over her, thinking dimly that perhaps his body would protect her from the bullets. Rip! rip! through the wood and canvas; phut! phut! through the air; but some merciful power protected them, and though one cut John's coat and two. passed through the Bkirt of Jess' dress, not a bullet struck them. And very soon the shooting began to grow wild, and then that dense vail of rain came down and wrapped them so close that even the lightning could not show their whereabouts to the assassins on the bank. "Stop shooting," said Frank Muller; "the cart has sunk, and there is an end of them. No human being can have lived through that fire and the Vaal in flood." The two Boers ceased firing, and the Unicorn shook his head softly and remarked to his companion that the damned English people in the water could not be much wetter than they were on the bank. It was a carious thing to say at such a moment, but probably the spirit that animated the remark was not so much callousness as that which animated Cromwell, who flipped the ink in his neighbor's face when he signed the death warrant of his king.. Muller was also thinking of the warrant which he hod forged. He must get it back somehow, even if "Let us take shelter under the bank there. There is a flat place, about fifty yards up, where the bonk lies over. This rain is drowning us. We can't upsaddle till it clears. 1 must have a nip of brandy, too. Almighty! I can see that girl's face now! the lightning shone on it just as I shot. Well, she will be in heaven now, poor thing, if English people ever go to heaven." It was the Unicorn who spoke, and the Vilderbeeste made no reply, but advanced with him to where the horses stood. They took the patient brutes that were waiting for their masters, their heads well down and the water streaming from them, and led them along with them. Frank Muller stood by his own horse thinking, and watched them vanish into the gloom. How was he to get that warrant back without dyeing his hands even redder than they were? As he thought, an answer come. For at that moment, accompanied by a fearful thunderclap, there shot from the storm overhead, which had now nearly passed away, one of those awful flashes that sometimes and an African tempest. It lit up the whole scene round as light as day, and right in the white heart of it Muller saw his two com panions in crime ana tneir norses as me great king saw the men in the furnace. They were about forty paces from him, on the crest of the bank. He saw them, one moment erect; the next?men and horses falling this way and that, prone to the earth. And then it was all dark again. He staggered with the shock, and when it had passed rushed to the spot, calling the men by name; but no answer came, except the echo of his voice. He was there now, and the moonlight began to struggle faintly through the rain. Its palp beams lit? upon two outstretched forms?one lying on its back, its distorted features gazing up to heaven, the other on its face. By them, the legs of the nearest sticking straight into the air, lay the two horses. They had gone to their account. The lightning hod killed them, as it kills many an innocent man in Africa, Frank Muller looked; and then, forgetting about the warrant and everything else in the horror of what he took to be a visible judgment, rushed to his horse and galloped wildly away, pursued by all the terrors of hell [TO BE CONTINUED.] A GYPSY BEAUTY. "Fifty or sixty years ago gypsies in England were a much more remarkable race than they are at present. The railway had not come to break up their habits," there were hundreds of lonely places in dell and dingle where they coula hatch the tan, or pitch the tent, their blood had been a little mixed with that of the Qeorffio, or Gentile; they spoke their language with greater purity than now, and still kept their old characteristics unchanged. If they had the faults of Arabs, they nad also many ot their good qualities. If they stole horses and foraged on farmers, if their women told fortunes, lied, and sometimes cheated a man out of all his ready money by pretending to find a treasure in his cellar, on the other hand they were extremely grateful and honest to those who befriended them, and manifested in many ways a rough manliness which partially redeemed their petty vices. Thoy were all, as are many of their onnlci of nvoooTif inrlnmitilhtA 'much H ders,' 'of the horse horsey,' and to a man boxers, so that many of them were distinguished in the prize-ring, the last of these being Jem Mace. At this time there prevailed among the English Romany a strong mutual faith, a tribal honesty, which was limited, but all the stronger for that, even as the arms of a man grow stronger when he loses the use of his legs. They were a people of powerful frames, passions, and traditional principles. "With such characteristics there could not fail among the gypsies many striking instances of warm friendship, intense love, and the fidelity which endures even till death. This was known of them when little else was known beyond their most apparent and repulsive traits. Walter Scott indulged in no romance license when he depicted Hayriddin Mangrabin as devoted to Quentin Durware; even at present the incident of a thoughtful gift or any little act of kindness to them will be remembered-with a gratitude out of all proportion to its value, and go the rounds of all the Romany in the United States. And therefore when men fell in love with women there often resulted those instances of intense passion and steady faith, which.atthe present day are really becoming mythical. The gypsy in this," as in everything else, has been a continuation of the middle ages, or of the romance era. "Such a passion was inspired more than half a century ago by Jack Cooper, the Kurumengro Rom, or Fighting Gypsy, in a girl of his own tribe. Her name was Charlotte Lee, and it was about 1830 that Leslie, the Royal Academician, led by the fame of her beauty, painted the picture, now in New York in the possession of his sister, Miss Emma Leslie, from which numerous engravings were taken. The fame of her charms still survives among her people, and when a few days ago as I write, I was talking of Charlotte to some gypsies of her kiu near Philadelphia, I was asked if I meant the Rinkeni; that is, the Beautiful one." ? The life time of an iron bridge is from twenty to twenty-five years, and constant care is necessary to insure its safety. The Ashtahula bridge was 13 years old, and at the time it fell beneath the weight of two engines and a heavy express train, the theory was commonly advanced that crystallization had impaired its original strength. 'Hie two great moving causes of crystallization are vibration and the hammer blows of tl^e locomotive \^iich gradually, by repeated impact, turn the fiber of iron or steel into a mass of crystals, needing only some unusual pressure or blow to cause them to break apart. Add to this the oscillation caused by the passage of trains at a high rate of speed, and it will bo seen that an iron bridge is exposed to peculiar perils, which can only be guarded against by rigid inspection and constant renewals.