University of South Carolina Libraries
Jtoaps and Jacis. ? A dispatch from Winnipeg, Manitoba, says: Intelligence from Lesser Slave Lake announces that the Indians there are dying from starvation and pestilence. Over 150 died last month from measles, and as the fisheries have failed and the rabbits and lynx deserted the country, they have no means of subsistence. ? A clause has been inserted in the Sundry Civil Appropriation bill by the Senate committee, which provides for the appropriating of $100,000 for the survey and marking of the boundary line bet weep the United States and Mexico. When we consider the usual relations between the two countries, the especial appropriateness of this measure is potent. ? The total exports from Montana in 1885 amounted to $26,400,000, consisting of gold, silver, copper, lead, beef and wool, which includes 75,000 head of beef cattle and 6,000000 nnnnda of wool. There are twentv-eieht banking houses in the territory, and thirtyone newspapers. School houses and churches are to be found wherever the country has been settled. ? In order that all the citizens of Minnesota might read the Governor's message, it was translated into ten differenl languagesEnglish, German, Norwegian, Swedish, French, Bohemian, Finn, Polish, Italian and Chinese. Six thousand copies were printed in English and 300 in Chinese, the number in the other languages ranging from 500 to 1,000. ? William Henry Clifford, who is a Maine Democrat, and a member of the national committee, says that the Democrats in Maine are solid for Cleveland in 1888, and that thePresidentcould carry Maine against any other Republican than* Blaine. He doesn't know whether Blaine will run again, 'but even if he does, Cleveland will be reelected. ?The Republican Senators met in caucus for a short time in Washington, on Saturday, but took no formal action upon any subject. The majority are said to favor action of some kind for a reduction of the revenue, but are not united as to any definite policy, while the minority favored the plan of leaving revenue matters to the House of Representatives, where they constitutionally belong. ? Zunguragua, one of the volcanoes of the Cordilleras, Tsstillactive. Recent lava flows add the caving in of one side of the cone *re reported to have entirely changed the (features of this noble mountain, for days iat a time recently It has been surrounded \ by the dust clouds which hang around the snmmits of volcanoes when in eruption, and the fire flashes and rumblings have caused alarm for many leagues around its desolate base. ? A dispatch of Sunday says: The Ohio ^iyer has come to a stand with 58 feet 3 Arches at Cincinnati. The weather has been drizzling, and reports of rain continue to arrive from the up river points, so that the danger, of a disastrous flood is not removed. Thus far the railroads are the heaviest sufferers. A large number of manufactories on both sides of the rivers have shut down, and it is estimated that 4,000 men are idle on account of high water. Steamboats have great difficulty in getting under bridges. ? ? There is near Toccoa, Georgia, a young woman, only 18 years old, who is an unconquerable moonshiner. Officers have raided and destroyed her still twice recently, but she has at once patched it up and goes to work again. Henry Dover, a lad of 17 years of age, who assisted Miss Taylor, was ar- j rested and taken to Gainesville. The young woman informed the officers, in language , more forcible than elegant, that the still was hers, and she should certainly continue to ^arry on the business. 1 ? The new postal telegraph bill, which i ; will be reported to Congress, provides that [ the government shall assume charge of the r telegraphic service of the country. It shall 1 contract with telegraph companies for service, establish rates, issue stamps and direct the business. Three cents of the fee charged is to go the government and the remainder .Jftthe contracting company. The companies are to be allowed to keep their own offices and to do private business at their own rates. ? Dispatches from Montana, Dakota, and and other points along the Northern Pacific Boad, report that the continued succession of blizzards and deep snow has been disastrous to every interest in those localities. Heavy mortality among cattle has been caused by | the combined effects of freezing and starvation. and at some points not of conve nient access to the railroad, fuel and provisions for human beings are growing scarce. Instances are reported of burning fences and unoccupied buildings for fuel. ? A valuable lesson is.conveyed in souie figures recently furnished by the Georgia commissioner of agriculture. It is shown that the pork product of that State is less than two-thirds of that required for home consumption. The average cash price paid for bacon in Georgia during the year was eight cents per pound, while the average price on time, payable November 1, was lit cgj^ts. The average cash price for corn was *9cebts, and the time price 93 cents. The Advantages of a cash basis of trade could not be more strikingly illustrated. ?R. H. Johnston, a prominent citizen of Uvalde county, California, and postmaster at the town of Cancan, was murdered by a desperado named Charles Ray. Postmaster Johnson received a warrant by mail for the arrest of Ray with instructions to deliver ;it to the sheriff. Ray hearing that the warrant had been received, called at the post office to ascertain the truth of the rumor, and shot the postmaster in cold blood. Just as Johnston fell with a bullet In his neck, he. fired a load of bird shot into his murderer's face. Ray was arrested, and will probably be lynched. | ?Seven masked burglars entered the post office, at Jersey City, N. J., and begun work on the vault. The watchman surprised them and fired three shots, wounding one. The others knocked the watchman down, tied him, carried him up stairs to the janitor's rooms, where the whole family were similarly tied, and one man left to watch them. The others resumed work, but the vault resisted powder and all tools the men could ; K^lnop tr? hoop hofu'opri olovpn nnH fnnr ! VIIU^ W WVM4 VV V ? WW V?V * vu M)UV? O'clock, so they got nothing for their labor, except a quantity of miscellaneous mail matter which may or may not contain a few valuables. ? It is of some interest to know what percentage of the weather predictions made at Washington prove true. The last monthly report received shows that the predictions, issued three times a day, amounted to 9,126 during the month. Of these, 770, or 8 per cent., are considered to have failed enIrely; 608, or 6.32 per cent., were oneburth verified ; 1,665, or 18.30 per cent., ?rere one-half verified; 1,664, or 17.29 per ient., were three-fourths verified; and 4,919, or 51.10 per cent., were fully verified. The ; predictions are based on scientific facts | ind framed with scientific care, but the ! onditions are so varied that it would be ! inreasonable to expect absolute accuracy. ? The adjutant general of the army has >een at work collecting data as to the . trength of the militia forces of the United Itates since the "war talk" began. Gen. )rum has written to all the adjutant generis of the States, and the answers thus far eceived are very encouraging. There are ; low over 92,060 members of the organized nilitia, an increase of 10,000 over previous eports. The reports concerning available Bompanies, which are not a part of the Militia, show that they foot up a membership of 7,000,000, nearly a million more than hi previous years. The war department Brill, with the appropriation for next year, Bwhich is sufficiently large for the purpose, Brovide the militia with better arms and Equipments. The department is also in Bommunication with railroad companies as Bp their facilities for the transportation of B? Under decrees of the United States CirBuit Courts in the States of Virginia, North End South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, Ell property, franchises and rights of the Boutnern Telegraph Company were sold at Bublic auction in Richmond, Va., last WedBesday. The property was purchased by ^ s. B. Pace and John S. Wise, of Rich^E>nd, for themselves and associates, for ^Br hundred and sixty thousand dollars. |B bidding for awhile was quite lively be^Bkn the purchasers, the Western Union ^^Bfrlward S. Stokes, of New York, repreBflBg the lines. The Southern line ex tends from Washington.to Selma, Ala., with numerous branches covering eighteen hundred miles, with five thousand miles of wire. Mr. Pace denies that the purchase is in the interest of the Western Union, and says the line will be operated by himself and associates. ? A Cincinnati dispatch of Friday says: There is a heavy freshet in the Ohio River, and at 10 o'clock this morning the water stood 5 feet 10 inches and rising. Nearly all the railroads leading from the city have to discharge passengers in the suburbs, as access to tne central passenger depot was cut off, and a little more rise will cut off some of the freight depots. Disastrous floods are reported in the Big Sandy, Little Miami and Licking rivers. At Falmouth, on the latter river, distilleries,' saw mills and other manufactories are submerged, and suffered much loss. The river is full of the contents of fields and granaries. Many bridges on the turnpikes were carried away, throughout the country. Six inches more of water will cut off street car travel between Newport and Covington. forMle (?nqttiw. ^ \P ? YORKVILLE, S. C. : \ wrnvronnr UPDDIIADVO 1CC7 TVLUitEjOMl, rUDUUAUi ?/, 1UUI. SENATORS ELECT. The Indiana Legislature, on joint ballot, elected David Turpie, Democrat, to succeed Harrisou, Republican, as United States Senator, by a vote of 76 to 74. Mr. Turpie was in the Senate once before; namely, for fifty days prior to March 3, 1863, serving out the unexpired term of Jesse D. Bright, who had 'been expelled for giving a letter of introduction to Jefferson Davis to a man who had invented an improvement in guns. Turpie will be 58 years old next July. He is a native of Ohio, but began life by practicing law in Indiana and subsequently served in the State Legislature as Law Judge He was a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket with Hendricks in 1860, and attracted attention soon after entering the Senate in 1863 in a debate with Henry Wilson and Lane. He is now United States District Attorney. Judge Reagan has been elected Senator from Texas to succeed Mr. Maxey. Judge Reagan will be the only farmer in the Senate. At the close of the war he went back to his old home, on a smail sandy farm near Palestine, Texas, and began the spring's work. He had hardly a dollar in the world, and could not hire even a single negro to help him. While a prisoner in Fort Warren he had written a letter to his people at home acknowledging that the South had been defeated, and advising her people to accept the situation, go to their homes and farms, and begin life over again. It took years for Reagan to outgrow the effect of this letter. He is now nearly 70 years old, but, as he remarked a few days before leaving Washington for Austin: "I came of a long lived family on both sides, and I am good for quite a time yet." APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT. The President has approved the Mexican pension bill, and also the act to fix a day for the meeting of electors for President and Vice-President, and to provide for and regulate the counting of the vote for President and Vice-President, and the decision of questions arising thereon. On Friday he signed the inter-State commerce bill, and it has now become a law. The signing of this bill by the President was in full accord with the opinion of Attorney-General Garland, rendered to him in writing, and it is well understood to be in accord with the views of the Cabinet. The attorney-general was asked by a correspondent to give his views in regard to the bill and explain wherein it differed fro% the Senate bill of two years ago, which he opposed on the ground that it was unconstitutional. He declined to do so, saying that he regarded the opinion he had given to the President on the subject as strictly confidential. It is learned, however, from trustworthy sources, that the attorney-general, as well as the President, considers the bill which has just become law free from all material features which were objectionable in the Senate bill of two years ago. According to this information the attorney general's objection to the old bill was to vesting powers of a legislative and judicial character in the commission. The attorney general is said to hold that the present bill does not confer judicial powers on the commission, but puts them in the Courts on a report from the commission, and that it does not confer legislative power except in the 4th section (the long and short-haul clause) and that this is warranted by numberless precedents in the legislative history of the Government. Prof. Arthur T. Hadley, of New Haven, reviewing the bill in BradstreeCs, says: "The effect of the long and short haul olanse will deDend entirelv UDon the con struetioD given by the courts. If Mr. Cuilom's interpretation is the correct one, it simply embodies a principle toward which the practice of our better railroads is conforming more and more closely every day. Only a small part of the joint tariffs of our roads would be affected by it. The trouble to-day is not so much in the tariffs as in the deviation from them by special rates for favored shippers. The attempt to stop this system of secret personal discrimination is* a good thing. The great difficulty is that the means at hand under the proposed law are harly strong enough to enforce it. The task is made much harder by the prohibition of pools. Pools are not a particularly satisfactory thing in themselves, but they take away th6 cause of personal discrimination. Where there has been active competition there has always been a great deal of rate-cutting for favored individuals, and the attempt in other countries to prohibit it by law has only made the special rates more secret. They have thus been forced to recognize and regulate pools. As far as the clause against pooling is obeyed and not evaded, it will tend to make it harder to secure obedience to the other sections of the bill." THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. The Augusta Chronicle gives the following particulars of the meeting of the Board of Directors of the Columbia Theological Seminary, held in Augusta last Wednesday: After considerable discussion and the examination into credentials, testimonials, etc., of the various gentlemen whose names were presented to the Board, Rev. Dr. G. B. Strickler, of Atlanta, was elected to the Chair of Natural Science in connection with Revelation?the chair from which Dr. Woodrow has been removed for his teachings of Evolution. The Board, however, assigned in onnnooh'nn fliorourith tho unMoof r\C Phric. tian Appologetics, thereby' extending the chair beyond the subjects hitherto coming under the study of the subject of Natural Science. The Board is very hopeful that I)r. Stickler will accept the chair, although it is seriously apprehended that considerable opposition will come from Dr. Stickler's church and from the Presbytery of Atlanta, of which he is a member. It is thought, however, that the more extended field of usefulness presented to Dr. Stickler by this appointment will outweigh all opposition. The next election was for the Chair of Biblical Criticism, the chair vacated by Dr. Hemphill. Dr. C. C. Hersman, of Missouri, was elected to this chair. This gentleman I I j has been twice before elected by the Board, 1 but, in consequence of the complications caused from tne evolution controversy in J i the Synods controlling the Seminary, the : Board failed to secure him. It is confident-: ly hoped that he will accept the appoint- j ment. To those chairs the Board feels that it i has elected two of the strongest men in the Southern Presbyterian Church. The newly elected Professor, together with Drs. Girardeau and Tadlock, will constitute one of the most influential faculties of any school of denominational learning in the country. The Board at its last meeting elected Dr. i Girardeau to his old chair, which he has so long and ably filled, and yesterday the Directory received his acceptance of the appointment. The third vacant chair, viz., the one vacated by Itev. Dr. Boggs and known as the Chair of Pastoral Theology, was not filled, but the duties devolving i upon the incumbent of that chair, were for the present distributed among the four other Professors. This, however, is only tempo rary. The Board was very unanimous" in their entire proceedings, and a most cordial and hopeful spirit prevailed. FRIGHTFUL RAILROAD ACCIDENT. The night express to Montreal, Canada, 1 which left Springfield, Mass., at 8.1o last 1 Friday night, with excursionists for the ice palace carnival, ran off the bridge at Woodstock, Vt., two miles north of White River Junction, and the sleepers, passenger cars 1 and bridge were entirely burned. The train was about an hour and a half late, leaving < White River Junction. It consisted of a locomotive, baggage car, postal car, two passenger coaches and two sleeping cars, and was running at the usual rate of speed. When about two hundred yards of the south end of Deck bridge, near Old Windsor Station, a broken rail was struck. The locomotive, baggage car and postal car broke away from the rest of the train, passing over the bridge in safety. The rest of the train was thrown from the rails and continued on the road bed until it came near the bridge, but there it ran over an abutment and all of the cars fell into White river, some fifty feet below. The gorge at this point is frightful, and when the cars went down there was a terrible crash. As soon as possible the detached part of the train was stopped and ran back to the scene of the disaster. Soon after help arrived it was discovered that fire had started in the first passenger coach, and soon the entire train was ablaze, thus adding new horror to the already frightful' catastrophe. Those present were powerless to stop the fire and devoted themselves entirely to attempting to rescue those imprisoned in the wreck. The rescuers met another and an unexpected obstacle in the heat, which had become so intense that they were obliged to relinquish all efforts to save the sufferers, and were compelled to retreat to a place of safety for themselves, and to become unwilling and horror stricken witnesses of the awful holocaust. In addition to this, and to add to the terrors and sufferings of the passengers, the weather was intensely cold, and the heroic rescuers were hindered thereby in their work. No*water could be obtained with which to check or extinguish the flames. Ice was several inches thick on the river, and there were no appliances at hand to raise it. A dispatch of Sunday says: About Sight thousand persons visited the scene of the railroad accident to-day. The only trains run were fortheaccommodation of the officials and for carrying the wounded and dead, consequently there were many teams coming from a distance of forty and fifty miles and centreing here in long processions. Seven or eight bodies were to-day identified by friends, and many heart-rending scenes were witnessed. It is utterly impossible to identify more than ten or twelve of those recovered, the clothing being entirely gone and the bodies burned to a crisp. The work of removing the wreckage and recovering bodies has been pushed vigorously all day. The ruins have been minutely searched and probably all recovered that can be. The iron work of the cars has all been pulled over and cleared away. The total number of bodies recovered thus far is thirty-two, and thirty-nine wounded passengers are in the care of surgeons. Little idea can be formed of the difficulties in the way of obtai ning a report of the accident that would give the public a correct idea of the condition of things. At the time of its occurrence and ever since, the thermometer has registered from five to fifteen degrees below zero. The suffering from cold was intense. There are only two or three farm houses within two miles of the wreck and those are filled with the wounded. Others are scattered along for three or four miles, with no means of communication except by train. Hundreds of people searching for friends are here, and nearly every newspaper in New England has a representative at the scene of the wreck. Work was suspended at dark last night owing to the severity of the weather, but was resumed this morning. The water in White river at the place near the accident,is not more than five or six feet deep, with but littlecurrent, and the ice is perhaps fourteen inches thick. The falling of the cars upon it and the heat of the fire melted the ice clean. But little of the personal effects of the passengers was left to reveal the identity of their owners. CONGRESS THIS WEEK. A Washington dispatch or Sunday tnus foreshadows the work of Congress the present week: Quite a large amount of important work has been laid out by the Senate for the coming week, but the order in which measures are to follow each other has not been fixed. The morning hour of each day?that is, the time before 2 o'clock, which is not taken , up by the reading of the journal and by other routine business?is to be devoted to the consideration of measures which have passed the House and been reported favorably by Senate committees. At 2 o'clock to-morrow the bill granting a charter to the Eads ship railway?which is the unfinished business?will be laid before the Senate. Should this bill be passed by the Senate it is the purpose of the friends of the Nicara- ' | gua bill to call up that measure as soon as ' possible, holding that the rival projects to j which these two bills are designed to give 1 governmental recognition should be treated alike and impartially. Senator Hawley has given notice of his purpose to call up forthwith one of the two bills to encourage the manufacture of modern ordnance, to be followed immediately by the other. One of these measures re- : lates to army and the other to navy ordnance. They were introduced by Senator Cameron in December, 1885, and were reported from the committee on coast defenc es last May. The two measures, which are ' parts of one general scheme, appropriate < $8,0(10,000 each. An amendment to the one '< which relates to the army has been offered 1 by Senator Dolph and reported favorably ' j by the committee on coast defences propos- 1 ing a further appropriation of $5,000,000 for 1 the construction of coast defences. The 1 general features of the plan embodied in ' these bills and the proposed amendment? i appropriating at once $21,000,000 for guns < and coast defences?are understood to meet i ! the almost unanimous approval of the Sen- ] i ate, but there may be considerable diversity of opinion regarding the details. The i two bills name the Watervliet Arsenal at ! West Troy, N. Y., and the Navy Yard at ' j Washington as the establishments in connection with which gun factories for the 1 army and the navy respectively are authorized to be established. Senator Ingalls intends to call up as soon as possiDie nis Din repealing uie iimiiuuuu placed upon the arrears of pension act, the i effect of which, if passed, will be to entitle S each pensioner to back pay from the date of J death or disability, regardless of the time when application was made. The Senate is almost equally divided with respect to the merits of this measure, the test vote of last week disclosing one majority in its favor. < ' Senator Hoar, who reported the judiciary i committee's substitute to the House resolu! tion for investigating the accounts of the ' subsidized Pacific railroads, intends to bring ! the measure before the Senate for action during the week. He has publicly declared his opposition to it and he will open the debate with a speech setting forth generally his objections to the procrastean method of dealing with corporate rights, and, particu- : larly his aversion to the proposed increase I from twenty-five to forty percent, of the net earnings to be collected from these corporations. Senator Plum has charge of the post office appropriation bill, which has the right of way whenever he may choose to call it i up. It is, however, the only appropriation ] bill now ready for the Senate, and its consideration may be postponed until the latter part of the week. Wednesday will be de- ^ voted to eulogies on Senator Logan. j To-morrow, for the first time since the holiday recess, members of the House will in- .T di vidually have the opportunity to offer motions for the passage of measures under sus- J. pension of the rules. Mr. Bayne, of Penn- * sylvania, will be first recognized for that j purpose, if the regular order is followed. \ When the house adjourned on the last in- v dividual suspension day he was about to J call up for passage a bill to repeal the inter- 1 nal revenue tax on tobacco. Possibly he will T yield to-morrow to some other person to make a similar motion. Efforts will also be made to pass in this manner several bills providing for the erection of public buildinfrs and. nnssiblv. a bill amendatorv of the , shipping laws. By a special order Tuesday J' has been set aside for the consideration of business reported from the committee on t( foreign affairs. The first measure to be called up under this order is the Chinese indemnity bill, which will be followed by the fisheries retaliation bill, if the com- ^ mittee shall have completed its considera- , tion by that day. Wednesday and Thursday will probably be consumed in the dis- ? cussion of the diplomatic consular appro- t( priation bill, and the consideration of the the naval appropriation bill may also be entered upon and displace private business on Friday. The agricultural committee will make an , effort to secure final action upon the pleuro- . Kneumonia bill during the week. Saturday as been designated for the consideration of 8 the Senate trade-dollar redemption bill, and as there is much opposition manifested, the discussion wilwwsume the day. The routine of the week, may be interrupted if Mr. Weaver, of Iowa, carries out his publicly avowed intention of rising to a question of the highest privilege and calling the attention of the house to what he regarded ** as a violation of law on the part of the Sec- v retary of the Treasury in regard to the issuance of $1 and $2 notes. Such, action on his part would undbubtedly give rise to a ( protracted financial debate. A Duel Without Seconds.?A Raleigh, 1 N. C., dispatch of Friday gives the follow- s ing account of an impromptu duel in Ashe county, that State: Dr. J. 0. Wilcox is the 1 Republican leader in Ashe county, and Mr. ] John Baker is one of the leading Democrats * of the same county. During the campaign n last fall a bitter feud sprang up between the two over the discussion of political questions. As the campaign around Ashe county progressed, it was with great difficulty that a duel was prevented. The election 11 came off, and the Republicans carried ine c county by nearly 300 majority. Wilcox 8 gloated and exulted over the victory and ^ defeat of his enemies and again denounced ? Baker. Matters passed off at this rate until ^ yesterday. Wilcox had been out to see a 1 patient, and on his return home met Baker in the road. No one present except the two principals. Baker invited Wilcox to halt, which he did. Baker then said that 1 he could never submit to the denunciations 1 of Wilcox, and had only done so this length of time in deference to the pleadings of his * wife. He then declared that he could not c live any longer without a settlement of the e difficulty according to the code. t Wilcox replied that he was ready and l anxious to accommodate Mr. Baker at any e time and in any manner that wasdesired. c Baker asked Wilcox if he wasarmed. Wilcox answered "Yes." Each then pulled his pistol and it was examined by the other, and handed back to the owner. It was on i a nice level piece of road that they met, ^ and it was agreed that they would mark off fifteen paces and take their stations, and i commence and continue to fire until one or 1 the other was hurt or their weapons were 1 exhausted. This agreement was so well f executed that five rounds were fired, and in ' the last Baker was shot through the head t and is said to be mortally wounded. Wil- c cox then gave Baker the benefit of his skill as a physician and saw him safely home. Baker immediately sent for his friends and ^ made a statement embodying these facts/ t and stated that he pressed the duel on Wil- j cox, and that Wilcox only acted in self- t defense. Wilcox is a man of high character, but is f known as a desperate man when aroused. He has several times been elected to the Legislature from his county and has never been defeated. On examination Wilcox ( found two bullet holes through his hat and c one in his clothes. 1 The South's Great Future.?Part 2 of the annual report of the bureau of statistics on the internal commerce of the United States, which has just been issued from the government printing office, contains a most , elaborate and interesting review of the commercial, industrial, transportation and * other interests of the States which compos- * ed the late Southern Confederacy, with the j exception of Arkansasand Texas, and group- ( ing with them the State of Kentucky. The 1 volume covers 788 pages, and embraces I much valuable matter never before col- t elected or published. It is prefaced with 1 the following: "Whatever speculations t may be deduced from the exhibit here i made, or the lessons it may teach our 1 statesmen, it will not be questioned that g the reports furnish evidences of recupera- c tive energy and of material progress and p development by the Southern people un- t exampled in the history of our civilization ; j in short, that the new and mightier South is rapidly emerging from the blight and desolation of the civil war, and promises in a short time to attain a high pros- j perity. The contents of this report will be revelations to the country, even to the Southern people themselves, for they disclose a wealth of opportunities for enter- . 0n,i ini-inatrv which is uparalleled. puoc auu iu\?v<uv> j ? -4 The advantages of the south for agricultur- " al pursuits, not simply for the cultivation ' of cotton, sugar and rice, but for agricult- e liral development in all its branches; and for mining the precious metals, for coal c iron, which are more substantial foun- c dations of prosperity, for lumbering and and for stock raising, are being appreciated ^ by the people of other parts of the Union, a and already thousands of enterprising im- i migrants from the North and West, and millions, even hundreds of millions, of cap- e ital are pouring into the Southern States." s Retirement of Manning and Jordan.?Treasurer Jordan has stated that Sec- R retary Manning is to be President and he (Jordan) is to-be Vice-President of the Western National Bank of the city of New York. The resignations of both officials are in the hands of the President, and will be accepted in due time. It is expected that Secretary Manning will be relieved soon T after the adjournment of Congress, and it is t even said by some that his successor will be j nominated before the adjournment. Be- t partment officials say that everything now j points to the promotion of Assistant Secre- j tary Fairchild to the head of the depart- s ment. Treasurer Jordan will not leave ? the department before April l,as there are jertain matters he desires to dispose of du- 2 ring the intervening time, and it will be s necessary for him to initiate his successor j into the duties of the office. Jordan says i that applications have already been made ] for over $4,000,000 of stock in the bank, and < that many people will have to be disap- fj pointed, as the capital is limited to $0,000,- t LMM). The bank will begin business about ? May 1. x Report of the Railroad Commission, t The eighth annual report of the railroad c commission of South Carolina has been pub- I t lished. It shows that the total mileage of 1 railroads in the State at present is 1,754.55. During the year ended November 18, 18811, ' i there had been constructed 127..'5 miles of * new railway. Eight new lines have been I c projected of which six are now in active j 1 course of construction. During the past J ! four years 233 miles of new railroad have : been opened, and in proportion to its terri- i tory South Carolina is in the lead of all the i other Southean States in the matter of railroad construction for the past year. The i paid in capital stock of the twenty-three [ i railroads by which reports are furnished to ' ( the commission, amounts to $16,468,785; i funded debt, $11,385,134.65; unfunded debt, I i $683,872.50; total stock and debt, $49,027,- s 792.15. The earnings from transportation of f passengers have been $2,262,811.59, and from t freight, $4,027,793.18. The net income for 1 the year ended June 30, 1886, was $2,047,- i 135.31, which is an increase over the net i earnings of the previous year of $445,124.99. ' L.OCAL AFFAIRS J' . ti NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. ?j I. P. Adickes?New Goods ! New Goods ! ! / ranter ?fc Oates?Prices Must Perish because the 111 People Must Live. It . W. Dobson?Fire Wood?Wheat Bran?Oats? pi Flour. iowry tft Starr?Tobacco, Tobacco. i *. Tew Bros.?We Warned You. ! vj leorgo T. Schorl)?Important Discovery, ohn Wannamaker, Philadelphia. * P] C. Latimer?Guano, Guano. tc Withers Adickes?As Usual, We Are Late, ohn C. Kuykendal?Pocket-Book Prices. B A. Johnson, County School Commissioner? 0, School Notice. u, amcs B. Allison, Clerk?Bridge Centraet. p s/ . - ,e APPOINTED POSTOFFICE INSPECTOR. Col. A. Coward, of this place, has received the p ppointinentof postoflice inspector and will en- a sr upon the discharge of his duties in a few days, ^ bough hedoes not know just now to what terri- . arv lie win be assigneu. ..X TERPSICHOREAN. A hop, complimentary to quite a number of oung married couples in town, was given at Iratton's liall on Friday night last; and on next bi 'riday night a masquerade ball, promising to bo c( grand affair, will be given by the oilier devo- tt ses to the muse of the dance. it rs/ d< /\ U. S. DISTRICT COURT. g( The United States District Court convened at w Ireenville last Monday, Judge Simonton pre- a iding. There are a large number of cases, hough mainly of a frivolous character, on tho ai ocket. Among the jurors is Capt. J. R. Lind- It av, of this'place, who is in attendance. II PERSONAL MENTION. h Miss Floride Noble, of Fairfield, is in Yorkille, the guest of her aunt, Mrs. Belle McCaw. ei Mrs. J. B. Glover, of Statesville, N. C., is in ]\: forkville visiting her sister, Mrs. Lowrance. tl Miss Sue Caldwell, of Greenville, S. C., and diss Fanny Wardlaw, of Newberry, are in York- f( rille visiting Mrs. Withers Adickes. V\ SALES-DAY. | 0^Monday last, sales-day for February, the ,'lerk of Court sold the following property : b At the suit of Richard T. Fewell, survivor, vs. r 3en. Cureton; tract of 50 acres in Catawba town- a T? T Trmv/ill fnr ^rt. O UI|J. JJUllgui/ujr ?. ... . At the suit of J. B. Adkins and others vs. Jlysses Adkins and others ; tract of 107 acres in g Sbenezer township, known as the John Barron t: ract. Bought by Wm. II. Taylor at $9.20 per I tore. C g V/' BURGLARY AT BLACK'S. OpTBunday night last, the store of Lipscomb tfc q Towe, at Black's, was burglariously entered, C ind a few pairs of shoes stolen. The burglar o iaturated a box of waste paper with kerosine oil ind set fire to it, but fortunately the discovery t? vas made by the watchman in time to give the J ilarm, and by bard work thebuilding was saved. ' This is the third recent incendiary attempt at Q Black's. d ESCAPED CONVICT. V In r^ply to a letter of inquiry, John M. Flem- r ng, deputy warden of the North Carolina peni- I eutiary, writes to Mr. W. H. Herndon that v Taylor Warren, colored, who burglarized the t itore of Herndon Bros, a few nights ago, an ac- II :ount of which we published last week, is an a sscaped convict. He was sentenced to the peni- t entiary from Gaston county, November 1st, 880, for five years, on conviction of larceny, and sscaped from the Western N. C. Railroad, Deiember 21st, 1884. ?/vTinTimr * mr/^VC WKATHUU Ui>arjiv v .imwo. Mr. C. M. Kuykendal, thoobserver at this-sig- g ial station, furnishes us with the following c veather statistics for the month of January: Total rainfall, 11G-10O inch ; total snow fall, 3 nehes. Lowesttempe;ature, 11th,U?abovozero; * lighest temperature, 21st, 68? above zero. Mean . emperature, 37 14-100?. On the night of the 23rd 1 ind the morning of the 24th, a rain storm occur- 0 ed, with violent wind and lightning. All cold h vave predictions were verified except one, on he 31st. Over 90 per cent, of -other weather pre- s lictions were verified. 0 . - f; y/ COUNTY OFFICLVLS. r "rtre-Oovernor has appointed \V. D. Camp e rial justice for Cherokee township. This ap- $ jointinent completes the number of trial jus- ft ices provided for in York county. h The Governor has re-appointed A. E. Smith igent for the Catawba Indians at Hock Hill, a Mr. James R. Kennedy has received his com- C nission as probate judge for York county, and E altered upon thedutiesof the office on yesterlay, ho having filed his bond in the sum of ?5,000 v vith the following sureties: R. N. McElwee, 0 Tohn L. Rainey, W. M. Kennedy, J. C. Blair, 0 Tohn Caldwell. THE LECTURE. A large audience assembled in the Baptist F shureh on Sunday night last to hear the lecture J1 yy Rev. F. C. Hickson on China and Chinamen, F md all were highly entertained as well as in- J itructed by what the reverend lecturer said, r r. Hickson spent two years in Canton and its * snyirons, and is consequently well informed as * o the habits and customs of the natives of that * >art of the empire. He settled one contradicory statement in regard to the Canton Chinese, ^ lowever it may apply to others, and that is that a hey are a filthy people and are guilty of eating j| ats, cats and dogs, just as stated in the school ( )ooks of forty years ago. Rice, however, is the t itaplo article of food. The lecturer gave an en- t ouraging report of the progress of Christianity I imong these people, and expressed the opinion \ hat in time the spread of the gospel will nearly T f no quite eradicate their idolatrous worship. CHURCH NOTICES. I Episcopal?Rev. E. N. Joyner, Rector.?Morn- c ng service, with the holy communion, at 11 *3 ('clock. Sunday-school at 3 P. M. Evening ^ ervice at 4 o'clock. ? Methodist Episcopal.?Rev. W. W. Daniel, ^ 'astor. Prayer-meeting next Sunday morning it 10 o'clock ; preaching at 11 A. M. and 7 P. M. ^ iunday-school at 3 P. M. Prayer-meeting this ^ yeningat 7 o'clock. _ Associate Reformed Presbyterian?Rev. J. C. ? lalloway, Pastor. Services at Tirzah next Sun- a lay at 11 A. M. Sunday-school at 3.30 P. M. v Baptist.?Rev. F. C. Ilickson, Pastor. Sor- p dees next Sunday at 11 A. M. Sunday-school X 9.4"> o'clock A. iM. Prayer-meeting this evenng at 7 o'clock. t Presbyterian?Rev. T. R. English, Pastor. I Services next Sunday at 11 A. M. and 7 P.M. t iunday-school at 3 o'clock P. M. Prayer-meet- F ng to-morrow evening at 7 o'clock. c King's Mountain Mission?Rev. L. A. John- 13 on, Pastor. Services at Philadelphia at 11 A. ^ J. next Sunday. Correspondence of the Yorkville Enquirer. . J LETTER FROM CHESTER. ', ? Chester, February 7.?The county com- e nissioners granted on last Monday the pe- q ition of the majority of the landholders of j] :iaton ltouge township, asking for an elec- p ion to vote upon the question of subscrib- & ng to the stock of the Chester and Camden s Railroad Company. The amount of the o iubscription asked of the township is $28,- j M)0. The friends of the railroad company p mtertain no doubt of a favorable result. ? \.s the majority of the landholders have f iigned the petition, and as no opposition e s expected from the colored voters, it may s )e regarded as a certainty tnat ?$aton iouge township will aid the Chester and f( Jamden llailroad to the extent of $28,800. ti This is a good beginning. A majority of j< he land holders of liossville township have b iigned a petition to enable them to vote ti ipon the question of aiding this enterprise, a Ohe commissioners will take action upon e he matter to-day. A petition of a similar :haracter is in circulation in Hazel wood n ownship. The landholders will doubtless & ollow the good example already set them. j( With the certainty of direct railroad com- t< nunication with Monroe, Abbeville and c \tlanta, and with the probability of the s onstruction of the Chester and Camden c ine, Chester has a bright future in store r or her. Her present and prospective rail- a oad facilities cannot fail to add to her j, population and wealth, and in time make i town of considerable note. Messrs. Lookabill & Co. have started a n lew enterprise at this place. It is a sassa- p ras oil mill. The mill is located near the s Columbia road on the small branch that rl uns through our town. The enterprising ! v proprietors have six eliminants which con- I a >ume daily 2,400 pounds of sassafras roots, s The oil is obtained by means of evapora- ! u ion. Messrs. Lookabill & Co. have orders 1 r "or all the oil they can manufacture. They j t ntend to increase the number of elimi-! b pants wjien their supply of roots increases, b fhey also propose in a short time to make o le necessary arrangements for the distillaonof mullein, pennyroyal, and sumac, the Is of which they can sell at a good profit, he gathering of sassafras roots will furnish nmediate employment to many persons. ; is hoped and believed that this enterrise will be a great success. The postoffice at New Hope in this counr has been discontinued. The postmaster, [r. W. G. Austin, finding the office unrofitable, could not spare the time to at;nd to its duties. -Mr. Lucius Matthews, of Graham's, arnwell county, and Miss Mary Bond, ol it town, were married on last Thursday y Rev. R. W. Sanders. The happy pair ft the same day for their Barnwell home. Miss Eliza Jane McNineh, a daughter ol [rs. James McNineh, of our town, died on ,st Friday night of typhoid fever. She as about twelve years of age. The friends f the family deeply sympathize with them i theiratfiiction. * m. Corresnondenre of the Yorkville Kmiulrer. LETTER FROM ROCK HILL. Rock Hill, February, 7.?There has een a considerable falling off in the reiipts of commercial fertilizers at this place le present season. The farmers are buyig more judiciously, and the dealers are ecidedly more cautious as to whom the> ill. A few years ago almost any one whe ould give a lien on his crop, could buj ton of guano. The shuttle-block factory is running dailj nd doing a good business. Mr. Westermd, the proprietor, has made several ship lents of blocks, spokes and handles te orthern cities, and in every instance thej ave given entire satisfaction, and the rood of which they are made is pronounc d as fine as there is in the United States Ir. Westerlund expects soon to increase le capacity of his factory. Several droves of mules have been of ired for sale on our street's during the pas 'eek. Considering the stringency of mon y, the prices asked are considered high fevertheless, they find a ready sale. Several of our young men attended th< all in Yorkville last Friday night, ant eport the occasion a most enjoyame one nd came home with pleasant recolectiom f the evening. Col. C. J. Pride, U. S. Commissioner, hai one to Greenville to attend the U. S. Dis rict Court, which convenes there to-day le was accompanied by a number of ou itizens?most of whom are colored?wh( o as witnesses. Mrs. W. B. Jennings, of this place, i uite sick at the residence of Mr. L. D ihilds, of Columbia, whither she had goni n a visit to Mrs. Childs. Wm. Whyte, trial justice for Catawbi ownship, has appointed as his constabh Jaj. T. C. Beckham. vFannie, the sweet little two-year oh f&nghter of Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Crawford lied on Friday night last, and was buriec n Sunday afternoon. The funeral ser ice was conducted by Rev. W. B. Jen lings in the Presbyterian church. Littl< ^annie had been sick for the past fou yeeks with a complication of diseases?en eritis, measles, whooping cough and pneu tionia. All assistance that loving hand ,nd medical skill could render were brough o combat her sickness, but without avail Hal. ' Correspondence of the Yorkville Enquirer. LETTER FROM GROVER. Grover, N. C., January 7.?As the En tuirer is a welcome visitor to many of th iresides in this section, I beg space in it olumns for a few dottings. Health is good generally in this vicinity Our farmers are flattering themselves wit! he prospect of an early spring, as, accord ng to the old adage, the ground hog cam ut of his hole on the 2nd and did not se lis shadow. The wheat prospects are flattering, coc idering a dry fall and late sowing. Wha ats were sown last fall look well. Th armers have set a resolution generally t ake their own compost and avoid th xtravagance of buying so much guano thi eason, and raise more corn and hogs t lave thefr corn cribs and smoke house close lorae. Notwithstanding the hard times, ther re some improvements going on over th ountry. Mr. M. M. Tate is finishing up lice residence on King's Creek. Our public schools are said to be in a goo< working condition. The teachers of Chei kee township hold a teachers' institut nee a month. Index. MEREOIENTIOxN. By the advice of counsel, the Union Pacifi ailroad company has decided to cease th ssue of all complimentary passes as soon a he Inter-State law goes into effect. Th l^/iiairkn onnlips tr> RVfiTV SDecieS Of fre IWidlUU ?.? f f ? v>w .v _ ^ _ ravel. There are 113 farmers in th Connecticut Legislature. It is said tha he supply of oysters in Virginia water his season is larger and the quality bette han for some years. Bill Nye, th lumorist, is ill at Asheville, N. C., and ha teen compelled to abandon literary worl ltogether. His friends fear that his healtl 3 hopelessly destroyed. The Suprem Court of Wyoming Territory has decide hat the bill granting suffrage to woman i inconstitutional. The act was passed by th legislature of 1880, and women have beei noting in the Territory ever since. Judg Chos. S. Ashe, of the Supreme Court c 'forth Carolina, died at nis residence a Vadesboro last Thursday morning. Oi Friday, the Alabama Legislature, by a vob if 16 to 10, adopted a joint resolution re [uesting Alabama representatives in Con ;ress to Vote for the Blair bill. An east lound freight train on the Asheville an< Spartanburg Railroad was derailed las Vednesday night on the Horse-shoe trestle letween Saluda and Tryon, but, owing t< he slow speed of the train, the brakemai liscovered the accident in time to prevent i lunge to the depths below. Two de ectives who had in charge Henry McNunn ccused of robbing a store in Cleveland, O. vere killed by a mob while conveying thei risoner from Pittsburg. An Attack on Civil Service.?Some hing like a sensation was caused in th( district Supreme Court, in the genera erm, at Washington, last Friday, by thi resentation of a petition attacking thi ivil service commission and asserting thi inconstitutionality of the law by virtue o vhich it exists. The paper is headed : "A petition of rights by Morris S. Miller if Alaer Creek, Oneida county, New York or redress in a case where A. P. Edgerton '. H. Oberly and Charles Lyman, com mis ioners, and others are trespassers upon hi ivil and political right and privileges xercising unlawful authority and powers.' .'he petitioner asks "for an order or judg viictrainino- onininint? and nrohibit LltJUk ivuui.i..i..h, j 0 , g the commissioners and any and all per onsfrom exercising the illegal and uncon titutional powers set lorth, and for sucl ther and further redress as the Court shal leem meet to vindicate the liberties of th< etitioner, and which will adjudge, deter nine and declare that the people of thi Jnited States are not subjects but soyereigi itizens; that the Government is, in sub tance as well as in form, a republic." The petition forms a printed volume o irty-nine pages, most of which is devotee d a declaration that the civil service lav i unconstitutional because it confers on t oard created by the legislative branch o he Government the powers of selectioi nd appointment to office expressly reserv d to the President by the Constitution Various other reasons are also set out in th< aper. It is believed that this proceedinj 3 the first taken with a view to testing th< 3gality of the commission's existence. Af er the petition had been presented th< !ourt stated that the matter came up ir uch a shape that it would be necessary t< onsider whether it should be taken up di ectly upon the basis of the petition, or b( llowed to come up on certification from i iwer Court. What the South Needs.?The Soutl eeds cheap money. No farmer can pros er who pays 40 and 50 percent, for tim< upplies for five or six months in the year 'his will bankrupt any business in th< /orld. Our planters should learn to liv< t home, and raise their own supplies anc tock and cattle. In this connection it give: is great pleasure to be able to state tha tioney is abundant, and cheaper in Augus a than at any time since the war. It maj ie stated as a fact that one of the larges ianks in this city lends money at the rat* f 7 per cent, interest.?Ave/usfa Chronicle SOUTH CAROLINA NEWS. ? Judge Aldrich is suffering severely from injuries received in a fall which he had on Friday last. ? Col. Stephen Elmore has discovered a gold mine on his plantation, near the once famous Dorn Mine, in Abbeville county. ?The survey of the Orangeburg and Lewiedale Railroad has been completed and a meeting of the stockholders will be held in Orangeburg to-day. ? Mr. Milton McLaurin, of Rennettsville, bought a milch cow for $40 seven months ago, and he calculated that since then he , has made a profit of $51.81. , ? Captain J. Y. McFall, clerk of court for Newberry county, died on the 2d instant from the effects of a fall on the ice i one month previous. i ?The Langley cotton mills, the dam of which was destroyed just five months ago by the earthquake, have again commenced working. ? The trustees of the Iteidville Male Academy, which was recently destroyed i by fire, are meeting with considerable suc. cess in their efforts to raise money to re. build. "7=>-The shovel or plough brought out re> recently by the South Carolina Railway - Company, is now at work on the Barn) well road filling in the trestling. As it is ' quite a novelty for that section, numbers of people go to see it. r'"^-^The Anderson Journal says: Now comes tne empty wagon into town, and barrels of fiour, bags of corn, sides of meat and sacks ) of guano are trundled off into the country r to assist in making another crop of cotton. How long is this treadmill business going to last? ? There is talk in Greeville of organizing a land and improvement company, with ?1,000,000 capital. The promoters of the scheme have in view the erection of large cotton factories, perhaps a railroad freight car factory and the general development of the resources of the town. ^/-^ays the Columbia RegUtier: There are moreSapplications to the Board of Directors of the Penitentiary for convicts on ' 1 A(\CA fKon nan Ko All Knf fhnfiO nflt. _ icaot ma 11 vau uv/ ikn muv v*?vuv mw fit for leasing have already been let out, and when removed will leave about 300 in the institution. ? William Jennings, employed at Capt. f A. H. Dean's gin, near Duncan's, Spartan3 burg county, had his right hand and arm caught in the machinery and so mangled 3 that it had to be cut off. He is said to be a hard working man with two small, moth3 erless children dependent on him for support. i ?Mr. T. K. Cunningham, of Lancaster, a is one of the few farmers in South Carolina who has expended much effort in enrichi ing and improving his lands. By drain, age and other means, he has gotten his 1 farm up to a high state of cultivation. The - past year he planted 120 acres in cotton . and made 105 bales averaging 425 pounds 0 per bale; 8 acres in wheat and made 222 r bushels; and 30 acres in corn and made 700 - bushels. - ?The State Agricultural and Mechanical s Society, at its meeting held in Columbia t last week, finished the revision of the preI. mium list and adjourned to meet on the first Wednesday in August. The rules for the conduct of the Fairs of the society will be simplified and the work by the departments facilitated. The proposition to make the spring meeting the prin' cipal meeting, viz., the occasion for the ? election of the officers of the society, was passed to the regular meeting during the , Fair next fall. The custom heretofore has .* been to elect officers and conduct other im1 portant business at the Fair meetings of the " society, but the rush incident to the Fair, ? it is urged, renders it inconvenient and impractical to transact at that time business not immediately concerning the exhibition. p A B [g Ghost Story.?The following ghost Story, which comes from Lexington, ? Va., uider date of the 3rd instant, sounds ? very much like a hoax: Much excitement ? exists in the Virginia Military Institute. ? On the night of January 28, as the sentinel was walking his beat, his attention was attracted to the sally port to the front of p the barracks by a slight sound. Between ? the two large forty-six pound siege pieces there appeared a soldier dressed in a Con, federate uniform and mounted on a large , gray horse. His sword was drawn. His " horse was tightly reined up and two white ' plumes floated above his head. In an instant the horse started through the sallyport into the courtyard at a round trot, crossing the sentinel's beat and makc ing no sound, although he was passing over e a solid brick pavement. The sentinel chals lenged with a loud voice, "Who goes e there?" The rider did not heed the chale enge, but passed on at the same pace until, ? arriving at an abrupt and impassible preci 1 pice in the rear of the barracks, he van3 ished. r The sentinel promptly called his corporal, e who informed the lieutenant of the guard 3 and the officer of the day. The guard was ? turned out, and.though a minute search 0 was instituted no trace of horse or rider ? could be found. 1 On the next night a similar phenomenon 3 was witnessed by a party of cadets and eiti0 zens. This time a sentinel was stationed n in the centre of the sallyport to await the 0 reappearance of the horse and rider. At '* the same time, as on the night before, 1 the horse and rider appeared and started 1 through the sallyport at a good pace. The 0 sentinel commanded "Halt! Who goes there?" The horse approached nearer and nearer ^ to the sentinel, until within two feet of the f point of-the bayonet, and vanished only to c reappear just in the rear of the sentinel. > Then he passed on in the direction he had } taken the preceding night, again disappear1 ingat the edge of the. precipice. An old 1 veteran present recognized the rider to be " none other than Gen. Stonewall Jackson. ' ' A Compliment to Mr. Hemphill.? Mr. Hemphill, who, in the field of general legislation, has shown himself one of the . be9t equipped men in the House of Repre3 sentative9, added to his laurels yesterday \ by his masterly handling of the District a bills. Hitherto it has been the custom, on a other than District days, practically to iga nore the District committee during the secf ond morning hour; but Mr. Hemphill stepped to the front yesterday and called up one District bill after another, procured favor' able action on two, and, but for the objection ' of Mr. Dunham, would have put a third I on its passage. Considering the contempt9 uous treatment the District commonly re, ceives from Congress because it has no rep> resentative in that body, such unselfish en. ergy in its behalf is a most refreshing specAnfifloo rra nf In m a n fpAtn mUlCf ttlJCl ClllltiCO Uiw gVU?-IVl*?*M AftV7l.lt South Carolina to the thanks of every citizen of Washington.? Washington Star, Feb\ ruary 2. 1 3 Railway Progress.?In the railroads I there has not been much change. The Car3 olina Central has a daily fast train running i to Rutherford ton, and threatens to go to . Asheville if aid is voted along the line. Asheville promises liberal aid. Col. Monf cure and Col. Coleman have been examin1 ing the route by Reedy Patch Gap, which ; can be crossed without a tunnel. We think i it possible that the road will be extended f to Asheville or Cranberry. Either route is i costly and mountainous. The Massachusetts and Southern Con. struction Company expect to reach Ruther3 fordton the latter part of this month, and r will then run a schedule and regular train I ; for freight and passengers. A depot 20x100 . I feet is now being erected at Shelby and 3 j will soon he finished. No work has yet i done below Black's or beyond Rutherford) ton.?Shelby Aurora. > The Mexican War Veterans.?Penv sion Commissioner Black has issued a circular announcing that only soldiers of the Mexican war, who served sixty days therei in and are now sixty-two years of age, can - secure a, pension, unless mey can prove uisi ability or dependence. . ! The widow of such a soldier is barred i from the benefits of the act unless she has 5 reached sixty-two years of age or is depen1 dent on others for support. The commiss sioner also informs the surviving officers of t the war that the act places them on the - same footing with the soldiers, and they 7 ! only receive pensions upon the same condit tion as they. The amount of the pension 3 can in no case be greater than that of the . soldier, and that is $8 per month.