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lewis m, grist, proprietor. 1 Hit Jlitbcjpbtnf Jfatitiij fUfosjpajjcr: Jfor tlje Ipromofioit of i\)t political, Social, Agricultural aitb Commercial Interests of % Soitfji. | TERMS?$2.50 A YEAR, IN ADVANCE. VOL. 31. YORKVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, AXJG-IJST 13 1885. .JSTO. 33. SftUtMi ?0*tt|. EXILE OF ERIX. [Thomas Campbell (1777-1844), the Scotch poet of illustrious family, gave early indications of poetic genius. He "was a fine classical scholar excelling especially in Greek. His career, so common to the poet, was checkered with sunshine and shadow, though the clouds were the frowns of fortune rather than the consequences of improper conduct. His poetry accords with * the purest Greek taste. Pleasures of Hope, and Gertrude of Wyoming are his longest poems and they are much admired. The poem given below is among the best known of his short poems.] There came to the beach a poor exile of Erin, The dew on his thin robe was heavy and chill; For his country he sighed, when at twilight repairing To wander alone by the wind beaten hill. But the day-star attracted his eye's sad devotion, For it rose over his own native isle of the ocean, Where once, in the fire of his youthful emotion, ne sang me uum iiumuin ui uuu gu u>n6u. - Sad is my fate! said the heart-broken stranger ; The wild'deer and wolf to a covert can liee, But I have no refuge from famine and danger, A home and a country remain not to me. Never again in the green sunny bowers ^Where my forefathers lived shall I spend the sweet hours, Or cover my harp with the wild-woven flowers, And strike to the numbers of Erin go bragh! Erin, my country ! though sad and forsaken, In dreams I revisit thy sea-beaten shore; But, alas ! in a far foreign land I awaken, And sigh for the friends who can meet me no more! ' O cruel fate! wilt thou never replace me In a mansion of peace, where no perils can chase me ? Never again shall my brothers embrace me? They died to defend me, or lived to deplore! Where is my cabin door, fast by the wildwood? Sisters and sire, did ye weep tor its fall? Where is the mother that looked on my ohildhood ? And where is the bosom-friend, dearer than all ? 0 my sad heart! long abandoned by pleasure, . Why did it dote on a fast fading treasure? ^ Tears, like the rain-drop, may fall without measure, * But rapture and beauty they cannot recall. ^? Yet, all its sad recollections suppressing, One dying wish my lone bosom can drawErin, an exile bequeaths thee his blessings ! Land of mv forefathers, Erin go bragh ! Buried and cold, when my heart stills her motion, Green be thy fields, sweetest isle of the ocean! And thy harp-striking bards sing aloud with devotion,? Erin mavoureen, Erin go bragh ! totg leiiet. "THE PINK FEATHER. BY ELIZABETH BIGELOW. "Yes, it is a pretty place as you say, the old Hathaway homestead, and it makes me think of the ScriDter promise about the wilderness blossomin' like a rose." There was a pleasant anticipatory pucker about my landlady's mouth that meant a ? story. Her mind was stored with neighborhood chronicles, with which she delighted to regale me as soon as she discovered that I found them interesting. They gave additional cheer to the rainy evenings beside the blazing fire, and charmed away .the melancholy of the long twilights, when , crickets chirped and frogs croaked dismally, arid it became doubtful whether the country solitude was the best thing for one's nerves. Now, it was a sunshiny morning, and I was sitting on the porch, in the pleasant I shade of .the hop-vines, while Mrs. Davidge I shelled peas in the doorway. I made noj effort to draw her out; that was unnecessary ; I had learned that some of her neighbors considered my landlady "kind of tedious, never givin' folks a chance to put in a word 3?? ?? T <?tAn ttrtllirt/v f A Ka Q 1 1 Q_ edgeways, uuu jl was wimug iu uv ? listener only, and Mrs. Davidge had assured me thai 1 was "the best comp'ny she ever found." "If't'want exactly a wilderness ten years ago, 'twas the most run out farm in town. Isr'el Hathaway was a well-meanin' man, but he was one of the kind that can't seem to fetch anything to pass. When women are so, folks say that they haven't got a faculty; men are apt to be called unlucky. And there does seem to be such a thing as luck, let folks say what they will; one hen will hatch out every one of her eggs, and another one sittin' right beside of her on eggs out of the same batch, and jest as diligent a fowl, won't hatch but one or two. Some folks call such things luck, and some the doins' of Providence; anyhow, there's no care nor forethought that helps or hinders 'em. But whatever it was that run the Hathaways clear'n down the hill before Isr'el died, 'twas the workin's of Proverdence, plain enough, to my mind, though the instrument was nothin' in the world but jest a pink feather! "Of course, there was some little things to help along: Tommy Streadley's bein' thick-headed?on account of his bein' a triplet, some folks thought, but I must say I never saw a Streadley but what was?and Manciany wneeioctcs oein' as vain as a peacock. But, there, I am dretful apt to begin a story at the wrong end." Mrs. Davidge gave her pan a vigorous shake, which brought the unshelled peas to the surface, and seemed to form a like kindly office for her ideas. "As I said, the Hathaways was all run down hill, when Isr'el died. Prudence was seventeen, and had jest got to keepin' a district school. John was about a year older, and he was goin' to the academy. If there was anythin' in the world that Isr'el Hathaway's mind had always been set on 'twas to give his boy learnin', so 'et he needn't till the s'il for a livin'; and Mis' Hathaway and Prudence was set on it, too. Prudence calkerlated that she could keep school and run the farm, too, and earn enough to send John to college?with him keepin' school between times, to help himself along. And she did it; but it changed her from a pretty, pink cheeked, laughin' girl to a sober, careworn old maid before 'she^was twenty-five. How that girl did work! She showed grit that never come from the Hathaways, nor her mother's folk as far back as I knew anythin' about 'em. She'd got a chance to teach in the academy; < she taught Latin and mathematics, fittin' young men for college, and she'd give herself all the education she had except just one year at the academy. And she did fetch enough for them to live on and more out of that farm. John did pretty consideri able well; he didn't make much of a fist at school keepin'; he hadn't a knack for it. I was afraid he'd have his father's knack for kind of dwindlin' out of everything, and I never felt sure?nor hain't to this day? that he was worth the sacrifice that was bein' made for him, or that it's ever right for one human bein' to sacrifice himself? it's apt to be herself, though I have seen it the other way?to another human bein' that's jest's able-bodied or more. There's a sight of them things goin' on, wastin' the lives of the very best and sweetest-minded. "Prudence always wore an old, rusty, black alpaca dress. I don't s'pose it could have been always the same one, but it always looked old and rusty, and she never took the least mite of pains with her hair more'n to keep it all drawed back, neat and tight, into a knob at the back of her head, which waspertiekerlerly unhecomin' to her, owin' to her having a high forehead. She never wore any ornaments but a gold breastpin with her father's hair in it, and a little mite of a gold ring that had been her grandmother's; and that had hair in it, too. Suzetty King used to say she looked jest us if her beau had been a sailor and got drowned. But she looked sadder'n even than that to me?like a girl that has missed her chance of the hopes and joys that come nateral to women in the spring of their lives. Whether she ever thought of what she was inissin' or not, I can't say. I shouldn't wonder if she had most forgot she was anything but a merchine to make life easier lor John and her mother. "Well, John had got through college, and most through the law school, too, and was goin' to graduate that summer, and set up as a lawyer for himself. He'd got a pretty good openin' with a classmate that had a lawyer for a father, and Prudence must have felt uncommon easy in her mind, for she took somebody's advice and went and had Mis' Plympton make her a new summer bonnet. Mis' Plympton had jest come here from the city then, and some liked her bonnets and some didn't'; but old Mis' Cressy, who had made bonnets for forty years, was paralyzed, and folks that couldn't make their own had to have Miss Plympton's. "I'm certain 'twas as much as four years since Prudence Plathaway had had a new bonnet. Tommy Streadley's mouth and eyes must have opened even wider'n he commonly kept 'em when Mis' Plympton said to him, late one Saturday night (sne'd hired Tommy for extry help because her little errand-girl was all beat out). 'This green bandbox goes to Miss Prudence Hathaway, up by the Three Corners.' "At the same time she gave him a brown bandbox for Mandany Wheelock, the squire's daughter. " 'l can't stop to mars em, out you can u make a mistake, owin' to the difrunt colors. Now, remember, which is which!' says Mis' Plympton. ' Tommy promised that he would, and he always declared that he kept sayin' coin' along, 'Green, Hathaway; brown, Wneelock;'but if he did he was like a hotel-boy that I was readin' about in the paper, that was sent with some boots to a lord that was stoppin' in the hotel, and they told him to say, 'My lord, the boy has brought your boots,' but sayin' it over and over to make sure, he got mixed up, and says he, 'My boy, the lord has brought your boots!" And Tommy Streadley, by the time he'd got to the Three Corners, was sayin', 'Brown, Hathaway!' For he left the brown bandbox to the Hatha ways, and carried the green one to Mandany Wheelock! "And when Prudence opened the box instead of the sensible, middle-aged plain lace bonnet that she'd ordered, there was a jaunty little mite of a bonnet, with a pink feather on the front! 'Twas a black-lace bonnet, to be sure, but that pink feather made it look so pert and coquettish, it hadn't no more sobriety than a red-winged blackbird. "Prudence looked at it kind of scared at first, as if 'twas something that would bite her. Then she took it out and held it at arm's length, and looked it over. " 'What was the milliner thinking of?' says she. 'It isn't a mite like the shape I ordered! And think of a pink feather for me, mother!' " 'It don't look as if 'twas meant for you certain,' said Mis' Hathaway. " 'I must have it changed!' said Prudence, decidedly; but as she put it back into the I box she fetched a little sigh. 'Twas a master pretty bonnet. Mis' Plympton had a knack for makin' 'em ; if there's anything in this world that can be done well without a knack, it ain't bonnet makin'. "Prudence put the bonnet back into the box ; but that night she carried the box upstairs with her, instead of putting it away in the sittin' room closet, as she naterally would. "And when she came down the next morning dressed for meetin', as true as you live it was a minute or two before her own mother knew her! She had her hair all crimped over her forehead?'twas pretty, light colored hair?and the little bit of a bonnet, with the pink feather atop of it! She had on a black* silk dress that she'd had for the academy exhibition the year before, and never thought of wearin' anywhere I else, -and she'd been and got some beautifel lace that was her grandmother's, out of an old chest and put it into the neck and sleeves. " 'I don't know what possessed me, mother,' says Prudence hall laughing and halfcryin'. 'But I feltyoung. I thinkthepink feather must have turned my head. You know how fond of pink I was when I was a little girl.' "Mis' Hathaway told me afterward that it seemed to strike her all at once that Prudence was young, and 'twas hard to have the youth crushed right out of her, as it had been; and she never said a word, only I +Anlr nff onfl wlnOll JCOV iv/un. V/ll 1 iVA opvvvuvtv*.') iv ii v* IT ?^/vv? v*a*f and Prudence hurried off as if she was afraid somebody would try to stop her. "Goin through the yard she picked up a bunch of apple-blossoms and fastened em in her belt. I don't suppose she'd picked an apple-blossom before sence she was a little girl, she's got so thrifty. "I saw her goin' by and she actually had a little pinky color in her cheeks; whether she'd caught it from the apple-blossoms, or the pink feather, or from feeling young I can't say. I couldn't scarcely believe my eyes that 'twas Prudence Hathaway. "How folks did stare at her in church! And most of them agreed that a prettier girl hadn't been s'een there for a good while. I'm glad to know that there wasn't many that said, 'How ridiculous for that old-maidish Prudence Hathaway to deck herself out like that!' There's some such people as that everywhere, you know. "There was a stranger in church that day, a very fine-looking young man that had stopped all night at the hotel; nobody apnnorarl frv L-nnw urhn JlP IViK. A <5 thPV Cftmfi pvmtu iv ..~w. ? out of church, he went up to Prudence and says, takin' off his hat: 44 4I suppose you don't remember me ? And I am sure I shouldn't have known you except for the pink feather! But I hope, as John's friend?' 44 41 am glad to see any friend of John's,' said Prudence in her quiet way. She couldn't remember that she had ever set! eyes on him, but she thought he might be | one of the village boys that had been away ! for years, and remembered herchildish fancy for pink. When he said he was a friend of John's, she remembered that John had written that the young man who was to be his partner was going into the country for his health. But how could he know that she liked pink ? Prudence puzzled a little, but she thought she should find out, in a minute or two who he was, and twan't best to let on that she didn't know. 44She was generally grave and reserved,, but to-day she seemed to have blossomed I out every way. I don't believe in settin' too much by vanities, but I don't suppose that there ever was a girl that didn't ap- i pear easier in her manners for feelin' that she looked well. "Prudence chatted as easy and gay as j could be and the stranger walked along ' | home with her as a matter of course. "When Prudence introduced him to her j mother, she jest said he was a friend of1 | John's, and kind of give him a chance to ; j up and tell her who he was, but he didn't: ! ! and Prudence felt kind of mortified because j I he didn't; and Mis' Hathaway was so glad I x - - -X u i 1 ?wl to see it stranger, ueiu rem sockiuic mm talkative and seein' but few folks, that she ! didn't care who he was, especially as he | knew John?that was her idol, lie told | 'em Johh was well, only workin' too hard, I which might have made 'etn suspect some-1 thin' was wrong, for twan'ta mite like John Hathaway to work too hard. "The stranger staid to dinner. I don't suppose they had anything more'n a cold picK-up Sunday noon ; but Prudence put a great bowl full of lilacs and apple-blossoms ; in the middle of the table, and the windows! were open, and the birds singing, and kind | of a blossomy smell blowin' in ; and settin' j opposite Prudence, and blossomed out in her pretty looks, I guess the stranger was j satisfied. "Put, right in the midst of it, what should came pokin' in at the window but Tommy ! Streadley's stupid head. " 'Mandany Wheelock wants her bonnet?'n' her beau, too!' says he. "It come over Prudence like a flash jest! what it all meant! She turned as pale as a I ghost. " 'I think you have mistaken me for Miss Wheelock,' says she, with a little, sickly attempt to smile. "'And you ain't Miss Wheelock?' says he. 'Well, I haven't seen her since she was a little girl of twelve: but I've been thinkin' I never saw anybody that had I changed so much! You see, it was the pink feathorthat misled me!" 1 "And he laughed a little, and went on explainin' that Mandany Wheelock's cousin, John Doane, was a great friend of his, and that he was com in' through here on business, and likely to stop over Sunday, he wanted him to go and see Mandany. The cousin wrote to Mandany about it, and Mandany said she didn't dare to have come if her stepfather was at home, because he got so down on young men (which was true enough, for Mandany was always having a dozen strings to her bow, and the old man was set on her marryin' Amasa Bemis, who had land joinin' theirs. She was engaged to Amasa, but she was terrible flighty, and the latest comer was always the best liked with her.) But she was to be at church, and if her stepfather was away, he could go home with her, and he was to know her by a pink feather on her bonnet. "The stranger?his name was Hendrick Dinsmore, he told 'em?explained it all, laughin' away as if 'twas a good joke; but Prudence couldn't make light of it. She had sensitive feelin's and she was awful mortified. "She sent the bonnetto Mandany by Tommy Streadley, with a message, sayin' she had worn it by mistake, and she'd have been glad to send the beau along, too, as Mandany ordered, but Mr. Dinsmore didn't seem to be in a mite of any hurry to go. Prudence couldn't get up her spirits again to talk much, and he was kinu of absentminded; but Mis' Hathway would talk to a graven image if she once got to goin'. "He went away 'long about the middle of the afternoon, and Prudence went right up-stairs and slicked her hair all out of the crimps and drawed it back in a tight little knot, and put on her rusty old black alpaca again. "'Here's your old grub, mother! says she, when she went down. 'She'll never try to turn into a butterfly again.' "She tried to speak light, but there was tears in her eyes. "Mr. Dinsmore left town the next morning, but 'twan't long before Prudence got a letter from him; it seemed his views about the workin's of Proverdence was jest like mine. By the time the letters had begun to come thick and fast Prudence crimped her hair again?there, it's no use to make a mystery about it; they were married that very next September, and Prudence wore a pink feather in her wedding bonnet. He was rich; there was no more toilin' and scrim pin' for Prudence; it was good to see how her cares jest dropped off her; he was the care-takin' kind ; he didn't let any wind blow rough on her; 'tisn't often that that kind of a woman gets such a husband; them that will bear the burdens has got to, generally. But a self reliant woman enjoys bein' taken care of more'n a lopsy woman ever could! "Prudence's husband gave John a great start in life, and he's considerable well off now. He brings his family down here to the old-place every summer. Mr. Dinsmore fixed it up so'st their ain't a farm like it in town. Prudence always set a sight by it. They keep a man and his wife there all winter to take care of it, and along in May they all come down. Those were Prudence's children that you saw riding in the donkey-wagon. Prudence don't look so old now as she did when she was twenty. And old Mis' Hathaway has renewed her youth. She likes livin' in the city, she's so fond of passin' and all that; and she don't enjoy comin' back near so well as the young folks do. It's John that she's set by, still; she told me, the other day, that she didn't think Prudence would ever have got such a husband as she did if John hadn't been so smart-appearin'!" Church Ales.?In the time of Shakespeare, and, indeed, for a century or two before his day, it appears that the term ale was synonymous with festival; and hence its occurrence in such phrases as Leet-ale, Whitson-ale, Bride-ale, etc., numerous references to which we meet in the literature of that period. Thus Chaucer uses it in this sen ?; and Ben Johnson, in his "Masque of Queens," makes one of the hags say: "A piper it got at a church ale." Shakespeare also employs the expression in "Pericles:" "It has been sung at festivals, '-V-- 1 ,1 L?1.. UI1 umuur uiivus ami mnv-iiiun. I At these festivals ale seems to have been the predominant liquor. It is highly probable that from this circumstance the term took its origin. On such an occasion, for instance, it was the business of the church wardens to have specially brewed a considerable quantity of strong ale, which was sold to the visitors; a practice which it is recorded, led to "great pecuniary advantage, for the rich thought it was a meritorious duty, beside paying for their ale, to offer largely to the church fund." Hence, it was no uncommon thing in some parishes to have several of the ales in the course of the year, and sometimes one or more parishes would agree to hold annually a certain number of them. As an illustration of this usage, we may quote the following curious stipulation, preserved in the Bodleian library; "The parishioners of Elvaston and Okebrook, in Derbyshire, agree jointly to brew four ales betwixt this (the time of the i contract) and the feast of St. John Baptist next coming; and that every husband and his wife shall pay two pence, and every cottager one pennv; and all the inhabitants of Evalston sh. . receive all the profits and advantages coming of the said ales, to the use and behoof of the said church of Evalston."?Chambers' Journal. ^ ^ t A Good Giiost Stoky.?There is a cer-1 tain well-known country house in a certain | * i -1- - -i- l J'.nglisn county Wiucn nus uie uuvnuuiKc, UI the disadvantage, of being haunted. Lately the house was rather full, and a visitor, an eminent London clergyman, was put into the famous haunted room. His host did not tell him of the fact that the room was haunted, thinking, no doubt, that his religious character would be a sufficient guarantee against any disturbance of his slumbers through visits from the spirit world. At the same time he felt a little anxious, and was greatly relieved the next morning to find the reverend gentleman at breakfast with as cheery an air of successful slumber as possible. The next morning, and the next, he came down with the same lighthearted aspect, which only those who have enjoyed peaceful dreams can wear. At last the host thought he might safely mention to his clerical visitor that he had been sleeping in a haunted room, and congratulated him on having seen nothing out of the common. "Seen nothing!" replied the visitor. "Oh, stop a bit, though ! 1 did see something." There was a gravesilence round the breakfast table; all clatter was hushed, and every eye was turned upon the speaker. "Yes, yes, of course," the clergyman resumed ; "on the very first night which I passed here I was awakened in the middle of the night by what .seemed like a touch on my shoulder, and, on looking up, I saw the figure of a man in the room." Here, to the intense horror of the whole company, the clergyman gave a very correct description of the particular apparition which always honored this room with its \i*u nrlr?r i n nrc "ilow could you bear it ?" "What did you do?" were questions which immediately succeeded upon the awe-struck silence. "Do?" replied the clergyman, "why, I asked him for a subscription to my next Sunday-school picnic, and the spectre vanished immediately." Wji at IIa l'i'EXs to Ma x.?About the age of .'Hi the lean man becomes fatter, and the fat man leaner. Again between 4:) and f)0, his appetite fails, his complexion fades, and his tongue is apt to be furred upon the least exertion of body or mind. At this period his muscles become flabby, his joints weak, his sleep imperfect and unrefreshing. After suffering under these complaints a year or two, he starts afresh, with renewed vigor, and goes on until 01 or 02, when a similar change takes place, with aggravated symptoms. When these periods have passed, the gravity of incumbent years is more strongly marked, and he begins to boast of his age. fjte on <f amp pwds. SKETCHES OF TRAVEL IN SCOTLAND. BY REV. R. LATHAN. [Written for the Yorkville Enquirer.] The Scotch are a religious people. Like the rest of the human family they are, by nature, 9inners, but in no land beneath the sun is the religion of the Bible so thoroughly instilled into the mind of the people as it is in Scotland and in the north of Ireland. Between the Presbyterian population of the north of Ireland and the people of Scotland, generally, there is a striking resemblance. In the main their manners and customs are the same and their thoughts run in the same channel. This is not to be regarded strange, for they are the same race of people and have a common history. There are, however, striking differences between the Scotch and the Scotch-Irish. These differences are the result of climate, education and a series of attending circumstances. Socially the Scotch-Irishman is graphicaly described thus by Burns: "Ay free offhaji' your story tell." And the stanza, of which this is the first line is a word picture of the genuine Scotchman : "Ay free olf ban" your story tell When \vi' a bosom crony; But still keep something to yoursel' Vo annronlv toll tn nnv I "* V ?V?**VVV ^4. 4W ' Conceal yoursel' as weel's ye can Frae critical dissection; Hut keek through ever other man Wi' sharpen'd, sly inspection." A Scotch-Irishman is as impetuous as a mountain stream; a Scotchman is as calm as the waters of Lock Lomond when not a breeze is stirring. Both are generous and brave, industrious and enterpising and capable of great physical endurance. Since the days of John Knox the Scotch have been a religious people and their religion has been of a peculiar type. The First Confession of Faitn and First Book of Discipline, drawn up by the six Johns, viz.: j John Windram, John Spotswood, John i Willock, John Douglas, John Row, and I John Knox, are wonderful documents. John ] Knox breathes in the style, while the sentiment is deduced from the Bible. John Knox, Andrew Melville and Alexander Henderson made an impress upon the Scotch mind which time has not been able to efface. Perhaps I had better say the Bible, through the instrumentality of these men, has had a wonderful effect upon the Scotch mind. The dialect of the Scotch Stronger McomKlao thof nf tho anf>iont TTphrPWQ This is true of all Scotland, and especially I of those sections which came under thedirect influence of John Knox, his coadjutors and immediate successors. For several reasons it has been thought by some individuals that Glasgow slowly, and reluctantly abandoned popery and adopted the doctrines of the Bible and practices of the Reformers. One reason, and the principal one, too, for this conclusion is that while in nearly every other section of Scotland the Roman Catholic churches were, at the time of the reformation, demolished by the incensed populace, the Cathedral at Glasgow was spared. To us, of the present day, it certainly appears very foolish that they tore down the churches because they had been dens of superstition, but perhaps we are unable to come to a correct conclusion in this matter. God sent Saul against the Amalekites, with positive instructions to "slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass," and because Saul did not obey the instructions given him to the letter, God was very angry, and rejected him from being king over Israel. Some one has said of John Knox that he "drove the rooks from Scotland and tore down their nests." The rook is a bird resembling the crow. Of these there are still an abundance in Scotland. Hence, John Knox did not drive the natural rooks, but the spiritual rooks?the Roman Catholic hierachy and its dependencies?from Scotland. These he did drive out of the land, and he tore down the churches?the nests in which they feasted and fattened. 'me population 01 Ciiasgow is, as jormeriy stated, about seven hundred thousand. What per cent, of these have made a profession of religion, I do not know, much less do I know what per cent, have been brought savingly under the influence of the Holy Spirit, but it may be safely said that all are under the influence of Christianity. Over many, no doubt, that influence extends no further than a salutary restraint, by which they are induced to conform to the manners and customs of a Christian community. In the city and suburbs there are about four hundred churches and mission stations. Fully three-fourths of these are under the control of the various branches of the Presbyterian Church. The three strongest branches of the Presbyterian church in Glasgow are the Established Church, or, as it is usually called, the Kirk of Scotland, the Free Church of Scotland, and the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The Kirk is the strongest and the United Presbyterian the weakest of the three, but the difference is not great between any of thern. The Kirk has ninety-five churches; the Free Church ninety, and the United Presbyterian eighty-six. Together, they have two hundred and seventy-one churches and control the greater number of the mission stations. The number of other Protestant Churches are: Congregationalists, thirteen; Episcopal, twelve ; Evangelical Union, eleven ; Baptist, nine; Methodist, eight; Church of Christ, three; United Original Secession Church, three, and Free Presbyterian, one. There are some Reformed Presbyterians in the city of Glasgow, but how many I was unable to learn. There is one Catholic Apostolic Church, or followers of Edward Irving, called Irvingites. The church of Rome still has a foot hold in Glasgow. Thirty churches and a considerable portion of the population are under the control of the Pope. To the above enumeration must be added the "Salvation Army." This is ignored by those who make up the statistics of Great Britain. The organization is strictly in conformity to that of an army. The Commander in Chief is Samuel Booth, whose head quarters are in the city of London. The officers in the religious organization which bears the name Salvation Army are | the same in name as those in a regular mil- j itary organization. The members of the i Salvation Army are scattered all over Kng-! land, Ireland and Scotland to my certain j knowledge. They have planted their stand-! ard in, perhaps, every city and hamlet in j the kingdom. They are operating in old j Edinborough the head centre of Presbyte-! rianism, in London and York, the strong holds of Episcopacy, and in the south of; Ireland, the cherished home of the Catho-1 lie Irishman. Of the Salvation Army I know nothing except what I saw. As to ! the strength of their forces I can only speak ! vaguely. I was told that they number sev- j eral hundred thousand and they have at | their control millions of pounds sterling. | I am convinced, from what I saw that their ! numbers are very great. Whether or not1 they have a formulated creed I do not j know. I think, however, from what I i could learn that, so far as a system of doc-1 trine and mode of worship is concerned the ! Salvation Army is only in a formative I state. They have houses of worship which are generaly rented. Their form of wor- j ship is very different from anything ever witnessed in any church, either Protestant j or Catholic. In each town or city or sec- j tion of country a particular officer is on duty, or to use the language of the organ-: ization, "has his day" assigned him by the j officer in command of the station or post. I In the large towns and cities they meet every night in the place of rendezvous. The ; officers are all in uniform and generally j take their proper places on an elevated i platform. The officer of the day assigns work for the rest. The meeting is opened with prayer and praise. The prayers are offered up by men or by women and even by little boys and girls. Whoever the officer [ of the day calls on to pray or "make a talk" i is obedient to his commands. The music, | in harmony with the other features of the i organization is marshal, in that it is accompanied with the drum and fife and such other instruments as are used in the military field bands. The hymns used have also a marshal air. In the whole thing there is a strange commingling of the sedate and solemn with the stir and bustle of a drill camp. The time at which the Salvation Army makes the greatest display is the Sabbathafternoon, when no services are in the other churches. At some favorable point in the city or town, the drum is beat, and in a short time the company begins to form. Soon the company, or battalion, or regiment, or corps, begins to march to the sound of the drum and fife through the streets and around the public squares. A crowd of followers is soon attracted. After parading the streets so long as is thought proper, the forces are marched to the soldiers' quarters. The exercises in the quarters consist in singing, praying and the delivering of short addresses. In addition to the above, the officer of the day sends out missionaries into those regions of the city which are brim-full of moral filth to conduct what I may call, and appropriately, religious services. These missionanesaresometimesreclaimed drunkards, sometimes young boys who have scarcely reached their teens, sometimes they are ladies whose cheeks are wrinkled with age and furrowed with care and grief, and sometimes they are sweet faced little girls who have not yet reached womanhood. These recruiting officers or street missionaries select a point where the ragged multitude are accustomed to assemble on the Sabbath. On the side of the pavement, in the middle of the street, or at a public well, where, at the time, there is only perhaps a single person, the missionary begins to sing. This attracts one after another and soon a respectable company is collected, to whom the missionary delivers a short address and having invited all to join him he kneels down on the street and prays. In all the exercises connected with the services of the Salvation Army there is much that is irregular ami some things that may will be set down as boisterous. But in the operations of the Salvation Army there is displayed an amount of prudence, tact and perseverence which merits the highest commendation. This is specially true of those recruiting officers or street missionaries. In the regions of third class crrncr slinns nr in f.he rlflrk nllev.q lined with h*wb w"wt/w *" *"v / ? wretched hovels inhabited by abandoned human beings, beardless boys and sweetfaced little girls are pointing old and hardened and neglected sinners to the Lamb of God which takes away the sin of the world. The most touching appeal to sinners I ever heard was made 011 the corner of St. George's Square in the City of Glasgow by a little boy of not more than twelve years old. I saw the big bright tears running down the cheeks of what I suppose wereold topers, and I saw running down the cheeks of men who had worn themselves out in pleading for Christs and more than this my own heart was moved. I dare not approve of the opperation of the Salvation Army as a whole. The organization has very little that resembles the church of God as described in the Scripture. Still there is something about the Salvation Army which I do approve of. As an organization it is intensely in earnest in the great work of human salvation. The lifeless formality of all branches of the Protestant Church and the fact that those who dwell in the sinks of pollution have been largely neglected by the Church have called into existence the Salvation Army. It is doing a work that the Church has heretofore largely neglected. That the Salvation Army is doing this work in the proper way is not clear. MISS ROSE ELIZABETH CLEVELAND. Miss It. E. Cleveland, the sister of the President, and mistress of the White House, is the youngest of the nine children of Rich ard and Anna Cleveland. She was born at Fayetteville, New York, and whilst still small, removed, with her parents, to Clinton, and subsequently to Hollow Patent, a small place in the vicinity of Utica, where her father, in 1853, was pastor of the Presbyterian Church. During the year, her father died, leaving Rose an orphan at the early age ot seven. A few years after this, she was sent to Hough tow's Seminary to receive her education, and there distinguished herself for her efficiency, graduating with honors. Her address, "Original People," met with an enthusiastic reception during the graduating exercises. She became one of the teachers of her alma mater, and after continuing thus for two years was made principal of the Institute at LaFayette, In diana. Hhe subsequently conducted a private school in Pennsylvania, and delivered a course of lectures at Hough tow's Seminary. In 1882 her aged mother died, which, although a most severe blow, enabled her to give more time to her literary labors. The Evangelist, of Elmira, speaks very highly of ; Miss Cleveland and her works, and of her I address, the "Altruistic Faith," affirming; that of the addresses delivered at the col- j lege for the preceding twenty-live years, j it was second to none, and in respect to its application to the wants of the female stu-: dent, far superior to any. In looks, Miss; Cleveland reminds one somewhat of Anna I Dickinson, perhaps because she wears her! hair in the same style. Yet there is noth-j ing manish about her, and in private she is ! rather too modest than otherwise. She is ! an ardent advocate of all schemes that tend j to elevate her sex, and advocates the rearing J of silk worms as a means to this end. Iler I book, published by a New York house, is i meeting with success, and she promises to | become one of the best mistresses the White [ House has had. A Wonderful Bridge.?The land of Celestials still boasts of the most wonderful I bridge in the world, and this, according to i travelers, is the bridge of Lagang, over an ;! arm of the sea in China. It is built in a! similar way as the bridge of Babylon, but j entirely of stone. Its length is said to be j twenty-six thousand Paris feet, and com- j prises three thousand arches, or rather openings of pillars. These are not overspread with arches, but there are placed above them large slabs of stone, which form the roadway, seventy feet broad. The distance of the pillars is nearly seventy-four and a half feet, the latter being seventy feet high and fifteen broad, and straightened with stone facings of the form of triangular prisms, which extend over the whole height of the pillars up to the traversed slabs. The latter (of course more than seventy feet long,) extend in breadth to fifteen feet, and have nine feet in thickness. The parapet is a balustrade, and every pillar supports a pedestal on which a lion, twenty-one feet long and made of one block of marble, is placed. fpscfUattMus fading. I THE LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEER. As Mr. W. S. Kenedy, the historian of the locomotive, says, popular prejudice has caused the death of many of the best engineers in the country. The reference is to the mistaken notions of an ignorant public, who would have an engineer, in case of accident, commit suicide after his obvious duty has been fully performed. Accidents are certain to occur in spite of the most careful of regulations. Engineers themselves confess to a touch of fatalism in this respect. A mistaken telegram, a sleepy switchman, even a worn tie, may, at any (time plunge the engineer into eternity. A simple remark of an engineer, the other day expresses thesensation best: "I can sit back on my seat and enjoy the ride with the old engine running fifty miles an hour and not feel a touch of nervousness, but I know just the same that death is running alongside all the time." Whenever these periodical collisions occur, and the sickening details are spread out for public delectation, there is usually a mournful prean of approbation raised over the dead engineer, even if he be the cause of the accident, who was found lying under the engine with one hand on the lever. On the other hand, the engineer, who seeing the inevitable, opened throttle and sandbox, jammed on tne brakes and then jump ed for the sake of the dear uttie ones at home, is popularly condemned as a chickenhearted coward, who has proved unfaithful to his trust. A more unfair and unjust condemnation could not be made. With the throttle wide open, the the brakes harnessed down to their hardest work, and the sandbox wide open to check to the utmost the whirl of the great driving-wheels, the master of the engine has done his most against disaster, and this done, his next duty is I self-preservation. Exceptional conditions will of course suggest themselves where such an act would not be praiseworthy but heroic; but, generally speaking, the engineer who sticks to a doomed engine either because he thinks it safer, or from lack of presence of mind, or because he willingly throws away his life, is only in degree less foolish than the inspired lunatic who leaps from the Brooklyn Bridge. There has been many a heroic deed done by a simple engineer in overalls aud jumper, and there have been plenty of instances where voluntary risk of life on the part of a courageous rauroau iuari mia suveu nunI dreds from a dreadful death. The escape of the Gloucester Express last summer through the quickness of a discharged employe of the Eastern Railroad is not yet forgotten. But because these men are worthy , of all praise, it is not just that comdemnation should be meted out to the engineer I who jumps at the moment of collision any more than to the keeper of a powder magazine who would leave it when it was hopelessly on fire.?Commercial Bulletin. The Cotton Rat.?The cotton rat, says a correspondent of the Country Gentleman, is about the size of a common ground squirrel. The tail is shorter than the body, and the ears are broad and rounded. The color above is dark yellowish brown; beneath, ashy. The head and body measure six inches in length. This is the common wood and field rat of the South, being found abundantly in all the States south of Virginia, and westward into Mexico. It is a nocturnal species, although seen abroad at all hours. It digs shallow burrows in the ground, often j twenty-five yards in length, each of which is inhabited by a single family. This rat builds a nest of grass, or at times of cotton? hence its name?and brings forth from four to six young several times during the year. The young attain their full growth in less than five months. It runs rapidly, and is an excellent swimmer and diver, like the wood rats, generally. This is a gregarious sDecies. larffe numbers beiner always found near together. They make' beaten paths, I which may be found leading in every direction in old fields where the rats are numerous. It does little or no damage to the planter, being more of an inhabitant of worn-out fields and woods than of cultivated grounds, and it is rather a friend than an enemy of the agriculturist. It feeds upon the seeds-of various grasses, and also largely upon animal food. Clay fish, various insects, wounded birds and rats and mice, all enter largely into its dietary. It will kill a Florida ratof twice its size in a few seconds, and so pugnacious is it that in captivity it will destroy every rat and mouse put into its cage, and even weaker individuals of its own species. It is also very fond of eggs, and destroys numbers of nests of the quail and other birds which build their nests upon the ground. The cotton rat has a host of enemies to keep down its numbers, several species of birds and mammals feeding almost exclusively upon it in the States in which it is common. All the carniverous animals prey upon it and all the weasels are its inveterate foes. Hawks of many species, especially the marsh hawk, feed largely upon it, and it feeds the young of all the large owls found in the Southern States. This species is easily captured in wire, steel or box traps; the traps should be baited with a piece of meat, or the head of a fowl, and be set overnight; but the destruction of this rat, except in rare instances, is worse than useless, the animal doing far more good than harm to the farmer. It breeds readily in captivity, and becomes tame in confinement, and familiar with those who feed and caress it. Making a Mule Understand.?Stonewall Jackson was never known to let profanity pass without a rebuke but once. The incident was reported by the chief ac tor in it, Major John A. Harmon, who was Jackson's chief quartermaster, and a man of extraordinary qualifications. It happened at Edwards' Ferry, on the Potomac, when our army was crossinginto Maryland, in the Antietam campaign. Maj. Gen. IX H. Hill's division was crossing, when Jackson rode up and found the ford completely blocked with Hill's wagon-train. He spoke to Hill (who was his brother-in-law, they having married sisters) for allowing such confusion. Gen. Hill replied that he was nota quartermaster, or something that implied it was not part of his business to get i tangled wagons out of the river. Jackson instantly put Hill under arrest, and turning to Maj. Harmon, ordered Jinn to clear the ford. Harmon dashed in among the wagoners, kicking mules, and the apparently inextricable mass of wagons, and, in the voice of a Stentor, poured out a volume of oaths that would have excited the admiration of the most scientific mule-driver. The drivers were frightened and swore as best they could, but far below the Major's standard. The mules caught the inspiration from a chorus of familiar words, and all at once made a break for the Maryland shore, and in five minutes the ford was cleared. Jackson witnessed and heard it all. Harmon rode back to join him expecting a lecture, and, touching his hat, said : "The ford is clear, General. There's only one language that will make mules understand on a hot day that they must get out of the water." The Gappral, smiling, said: "Thank you, Major,'/and dashed into the water at the head of his staff. Tiie Fighting Instinct in Man.? There is not the slightest certainty that any invention, however terrible, would put an end to war; while there is almost a certainty that if such an invention were perfected, it would grievously increase the woes >of mankind. Taken in the lump, men will face any means of destruction whatsoever, if also they possess it themselves. Give two men pistols, and they will fight across a handkerchief. They are not afraid of death, but only of death without a chance of victory. King Theodore, of Abyssinia, asked his courtiers, when the rocket sticks Cell at his feet, if he could be reasonably expected to face things like those, and ultimately, in pure despair of defeating science with unscientific weapons, killed himself; but if he also had possessed rockets, he would have fought on. No men, not even Prussian soldiers or English sailors, will face shells without shells to throw back: but when they have shells, they face the enemy's shells as bravely as they did the old round shot. The methods of war are changed by science, but war is not extinguished. Suppose it true that ablechemists and mechanicians could invent a method of throwing an asphyxiating vapor on a sleeping army, what would be the result? First, the Adoption of some protective covering, such as iron clad huts for sleeping in ; next, the adoption of a method of encamping which spread the army over a surface too great or too uneven to be reached; and next, the use of similar mechanicians and chemists as the assailing force. Huxley would march with his fishermen to choke Tyndall with his Alpine climbers. War would then consist mainly of efforts to obtain advantageous positions, from which showers of death would be thrown, but war would not cease. Forlorn hopes would be organized among chemists or mechanicians as easily as among soldiers, enormous rehtot>/-1o ur/iiilrl ho nai/1 +n tho now wn.rrinrs. and nations wou/d figrht each other as briskly as ever.?London Spectator. Why no Water Rats, Snakes, &u., are found in Ireland.?In an interesting article on the vole, or water-rat, by Mr. Grant Allen, in the English Country Gentleman, the writer discusses the question why certain animals, such as snakes, vipers, water-rats, etc., are not found in Ireland. For the real solution of the problem, he says, we must go back to the time when England, Ireland, and the continent were united by a broad belt of land across the beds of the English Channel, St. George's Channel, and the North Sea. It is now an ascertained fact that in the very latest geological period, known as the glacial epoch, the whole surface of the British Islands (except an insignificant strip of the south coast) was covered from end to end with a deep coating of glaciers, like that which now envelopes all polar lands, and while this condition of things prevailed, there were, of course, no animals of any sort in Britain; or, at any rate, none but few Arctic types. After the ice melted, however, the existing British fauna, such as it is, began to occupy the land, and the fact that it did so, is proof, though by no means the only proof, that a communication with the continent then existed across the bed of the North Sea. Now, the animals only pushed their way very slowly into the newly cleared region as the ice melted away, and the consequence is that only some forty kinds of mammals out of the whole European fauna had penetrated as far as England before the gradual submergence of the lowland belt separating it from the continent by forming the inclosing arms of the sea. But Ireland lies even farther wesi man rmgnuiu, uuu nitric ia icoouu w believe that St. George's Channel had all been flooded before the waves of the Atlantic broke down the last link between Dover and Calais. Accordingly, Ireland never got her fair share of land animals at all, for though the wolf, and fox, and Irish hare, and many other quickly migrating creatures had time to cross the intervening belt before the submergence, several smaller or slower creatures, including the vipers, did not get over the ground fast enough, and were thus shut out forever from the Isle of Saints. Among them were the whole race of voles, and that is the reason why Ireland to this day has no water rats. The Nine Lives of a Cat.?Of the cat it is commonly said that it has nine lives. By this saying nothing very definite is meant beyond the opinion that under various kindsof death, the cat lives much longerthan other animalsthat have to be killed by violent means. When any question is asked of the police or of other persons who have to take the lives of lo.wer animals they tell you without exception, according to my experience, that the cat is the most difficult to destroy of all domestic animals, and that it endures accidental blows and falls with an immunity that is quite a distinguishing characteristic. The general impression conveyed in these views is strictly correct up to a certain and well-marked degree. By the lethal death, the value of the life of the cat is found to be, at the least, three times the worth of the dog. In all the cases I have seen in which the exactest comparisons were made, the cat outlived the dog. A cat and dog of the same ages being placed in a lethal chamber, the cat may with perfect certainty, be predicted to outlive the dog. The lethal chamber being large enough to hold both the cat and the dog, the vapor inhaled by the animals being the same, with every other condition identical, this result, as an experimental truth, may be accepted without cavil. The differences, always well marked, are sometimes much larger than would be credible in the absence of evidence. I have once seen a cat, falling asleep in a lethal chamber, in the same period as a dog, remaining breathing, literally nine times longer, for the dog died within five minutes and the cat not only continued to breathe, in profoundest sleep, for forty-five minutes, but would have been recoverable by simple removal from the vapor into fresh air, if it 1 ^ -?--1 A *?A4- AM A nnf Af nau oeen re*iuveu wunc jci uuc uvu breathing continued. This, however, was exceptional, because the cat, in the same lethal atmosphere as the dog, does not as a rule, breathe more than thrice as long; i. e., if the dog ceases to breathe in four minutes, the cat will cease in from ten to twelve minutes after falling asleep.?Popular Science Monthly. The Depth of Sleep.?Two of Vierordt's pupils, Moninghoff and Piesbergen, have made the depth of sleep the subject of an investigation. They worked upon the principle that the depth of sleep is proportional to the strength of sensory stimulus necessary to awaken the sleeper?that is, to call forth some decisive sign of awakened consciousness. As a sensory stimulus they made use of the auditory sensation produced by dropping a lead ball from a given height. The strength of the stimulus was reckoned in accordance with some recent investigations of Veirordt, as increasing, not directly as the height, but as the 0.50 power of the height. For a perfectly healthy man, the curve which they give shows that for the first hour the slumber is very light; after one hour and lifteen minutes the depth of sleep increases rapidly, and reaches its maximum point at one hour and forty-five minutes; the curve then falls quickly to about two hours and fifteen minutes, and afterward more gradually. At about four hours and thirty minutes there is a second small rise, which reaches its mnyimnni at five hours and thirty minutes, after which the curve again gradually approaches the base line until the time of awakening. Experiments made upon persons not perfectly healthy, or after having made some exertion, give curves of a different form.?Medical Advocate. What Killed President Harrison. There's President Harrison who died so soon after he got into the White House. They all say he died from excitement, nervous prostration and all that. But the man who waited on him said that he died from too much dinner. "He had been in the White House but a few days when he told the waiter he had brought from Indiana to get him what he called a regular old fashioned North Bend dinner. That was Mr. Harrison's home in Indiana, and his order meant cabbage, pickled pork, fresh roast pork, peas, cucumbers and sweet potatoes, with corn-meal fritters for dessert. "That was on a day that I?lr. Webster had a long talk with him. Mr. Webster was in his Cabinet, and he said: "Harrison, if these office seekers don't kill you that dinner will." Well, sir, he never saw a well moment after that dinner. He had indigestion, headaches and swimming in his head, and they say his mind wasn't right till he died. It might have been something else, but I believe it was that dinner that caused his death.