Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, August 21, 1884, Image 1
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VOL. 30. YORKYILLE, S C., THURSDAY, AUGUST 1884. NO. 34. P
' ~ " " ~l
Ibe Jforg irller.
ECCOLO.
Saving A Beautiful Girl from Death for
His Own Wedding.
Dr. iEneas Macbride was strong in comparative
anatomy, and di&'jected everything
that came in his way. His dissecting room
was in the courtyard of the Palazzo Carminali,
Rome. But it was up-stairs in his
library and alone that "II Scozzese" carried
out his choicest manipulations, and made
the more delicate of his preparation of human
muscles, arteries, veins and nerves,
which, when completed, were displayed under
glass shades on a large table in the centre
of the apartment. It was at this table,
havingjust finished the dissection of a very
small hand?never mind to what kind of
creature the hand, while it was a living
hand, belonged?that he was sitting, one
evening in July, 1775, when it suddenly occurred
to him that he had exhausted his
supply of cochineal with which to tinge the
melted wax which he proposed to inject on
the morrow morning into the venous system
of his "preparation."
Dr. .Eneas Macbride proceeded to the
well-known druggist's shop kept by Signor
fanciarotto, at tne corner ui uic y ao. uc |
Condotti. It was one of the largest and
handsomest shops in Home. He made his
purchase, and placed the packet of cochineal
in a side pocket.
"Stay ," he suddenly exclaimed, pausing
on the threshold ; "I had forgot something, j
You must make up, if you please, that au-j
mirably efficacious sleeping draught with
the secret of the formula, of which only you I
and I are cognizant, and which has given
ease to so many of my patients. Will you
prepare it for me at once ! I must take it I
with me."
"With pleasure, illustrissimoed excellentissimo
Dottore," said the apothecary, as he
hustled from jar to jar pouring various ingredients
into a glass vial. "'Tis a wonderful
sleeping draught, to be sure. I have I
tried it on my wire, who, poor soul, endures
agonies from the toothache, and it never
fails in producing slumber. To be sure, had
you not told me that the potion was quite
harmless, I should have been afraid to use
it; for the sleep which it brings about is so
deep and so long as to be really like the
sleep of death."
He soon completed his taskj and Dr. Mac-,
bride, placing the vial in his side pocket j
with the cochineal, left the farmacio. He ;
crossed the Piazgi di Spagna, in the direc- j
tion of the College of the Propaganda; when !
,|ust as he had reached the spot where now ;
is the monument his path was crossed by a
tall man who was wrapped up in a long ,
blaek cloak, and who wore his broad flapped j
hat slouched over his eyes.
"It's all very well for you to slouch your
hat over your eyes, my friend," said Dr.
Macbride, to himself; "but I know that hat
and cloak very well, or I am grievously
mistaken. They belong to the nameless
man who lodges in one of the garrets at the
Palazzo Carminali. 1 once nurseu you j
through a fever my friend, and gave you
money to get your cloak cut of pawn. I
don't think you would do me any harm although
folks do say you are a spadecino?
a hired assassin."
Scarcely had he thus mentally expressed
himself, when he heard, In a low voice behind
hira, the-eingle w6ra "Eccolo I*? And '
immediately he was seized from behind by
strong arms, a heavy cloak was thrown
over his head and was lifted from the ground
and carried some yards. Then ne was
thrust forward on what seemed to be some
kind of bench or seat; the arms which had
seized him had relaxed their grasp, a door
was slammed and he became aware that he i
was in a rapidly moving vehicle.
Dr. jEneas Macbride had verily been kidnapped
by two men, forcibly carried bv
them to a coach, one of the doors of which
was standing wide, huddled into the vehicle
and rapidly driven away. The whole
proceeding, indeed, had been watched with
the liveliest interest by an individual who
was clad in a long brown cloak, and who
wore his hat slouched over his eyes, and :
who?there is no indiscretion in saying it? i
was the nameless man who lived in one of
the garrets of the Palazzo Carminali, and \
whose profession was conjectured to be that |
of an assassin for hire. As he watched the !
carriage rapidly retreating into the shadows
the nameless man was jingling some golden
coins in his pocket and chuckling merrily.
"Ten ducats," he reflected?"ten ducats
only for pointing out the Signor Dottore to
them. And they have sworn not do him
any harm. Of course, if they had wanted to
harm him they would have come to me ; but
' I would not have stabbed the Signor Dottore
; no not for a hundred ducats. Let us
go and drink a bottle of Chianti."
'ilTUt ?-*?-? ?v* a! Ann rvtrtyt mno f n c? _ !
>> 1111C m<J iuiujciccj.i man nno muo vuugratulating
himself on the successful result
of his exceptionally bloodless night's work,
unseen hands had releived Dr. .Eneas Macbride
of the heavy cloak in which he had
been muffled and in which he had been
all but suffocated. He sat up to find himself
indeed in the interior of what was
evidently a carriage belonging to some person
of rank. The blinds were closely drawn
down, but a small lamp hanging from the
roof gave sufficient light for him to see that
the opposite seat was occupied by two gen-1
tlemen very richly dressed, but whose coun- i
tenances were wholly concealed by masks
of black silk, having deep fringes of the J
same material. One of the gentlemen has-!
tened to inform him that he must submit {
to have his eyes bandaged, as the person in I
whose presence they were about to conduct I
him was a lady of rank, whose name aud
place of abode it was imperatively necessary
to conceal. As he pulled the bandage
out of his pocket and uroceeded very adroitly
to adjust it to the aoctor's eyes, his companion-took
occasion to remark that lie and .
the other gentlemen were fully armed, and
should the doctor at this or any other stage
of the proceedings, offer the slightest resistance
to any request which was proffered
to him, he would be immediately stabbed
to death. Upon this admonition I)r. .Eneas
Macbride determined, like the canny Scot
he was, to hold his tongue and see?when ;
he was permitted to use his eyesight again?
what came of it.
It seemed to him that the carriage was
continually turning, and was being driven j
through a great variety of streets, possibly j
with a view to prevent his forming any accurate
idea as to the part of the city to
which he was being conducted. The coach
at length stopped, and the door was opened
for him. His two companions took him
? aha nrm ouciutcir? hini fn uliorHf
tJltCIl UI1UC1 UUC anil) UWIUIVU nil,, lv/
and conducted him up a narrow stair-case
into a room, where, after a moment's pause,
the bandage was removed from his eyes.
He found himself in a small drawing-room,
or boudoir, dimly lighted by wax tapers,
and richly furnished, although sheets and
pieces and tapestry had been thrown over
some of the chairs or placed in front of
some of the picture frames, as though for
the purpose of preventing a stranger from
too closely identifying the contents of the
room. There was a flask of wine on the
table, and one of the gentlemen tilled a
large bumper of Venetian glass and offered
it to Dr. Macbride.
"I want no wine," he said coolly, "It
may be poison for aught I know."
The gentleman who had offered him the
wine, and who was very tall, and clad in a
suit of dark blue padausoy, richly laced with
gold, for all reply put the goblet to hislips and
tossed off the contents at a draught. Then
his companion, who was a shorter and stouter?neither
had moved his mask?and who
wore a green doublet and coat laced with
silver, filled another glass with wine and
offered it to the doctor, saying: "You had
better drink it. Kemember what I told
you in the carriage. We allow no trifling
In this house; and, besides, you have need
%
to nerve yourself for what you have to do!"
"I don't like Dutch courage!" replied
Dr. Macbride, "and am not used to dram
drinking to nerve me for my work. However,
as I have not the slightest wish to
have ipy throat cut, and you appear to be
prepared to cut it"?both gentlemen nodded
their heads significantly?"at a moment's
notice, if things do not go as you wish
them to go, I will drink. And now"?he
resumed, after a very moderate potation,
"what is it that you desire me to do?"
"To perform a surgical operation."
"When?"
"This instant."
"Where?"
"You shall see."
As the taller of the two masked men made
this reply, he took the doctor by the arm
and led him forward. The shorter person
lifted a heavy velvet curtain veiling an
open portal, and the three passed into a vast
bedchamber. Here everything in the way
of furniture, and even the ceiling and curtains
and the counterpane of a huge fourgost
bed in the centre of the room, had
eeu shrouded in white sheeting. At the
foot of the bed there sat, or rather there
half reclining in a large chair covered with
crimson velvet, a young lady?she could be
scarcely more than nineteen?exceedingly
beautiful, and with golden hair that rippled
over the shoulders. Her hands were tightly
clasped, and she was deadly pale. She
was clad in a long, loosely flowing undress
robe of some white, silky materials, and
Dr. Macbride could see that her little feet
were bare.
"You see this woman?this most guilty
and unhappy woman?" said in a harsh
voice the taller of the two gentlemen. "She
has disgraced the noble family to which
which she belongs, and it is necessary that
she be deprived of life. Here is the case
of lancets, and you will instantly proceed
to bleed her to death."
"She is prepared to submit to her fate,"
added the shorter gentleman in green and
silver, "and you will make the greatest possible
expedition. I need scarcely say that
you will be amply recompensed for your
pains."
"I will do no such horrible and unmanly
thing," cried Dr. iEneas Macbride. "Do
you think I, a physician, whose bounden
duty is to do everything that he possibly
can to save human life?be it that of the
newborn infant or the dotard of ninety?
would consent to put to a cruel death a poor
lady who should be enjoying all the happiness
that earth can give ? Do your butchery
work yourself; I'll have no hand in it."
"It is precisely," replied the latter gentleman,
"because we are desirous that this indispensable
work should not be done in a
butcherly manner that we have brought
you here. You are known to be the skillfulest
surgeon in Rome, and you will perform
the operation at once by opening the
veins in her ankles ; if you refuse, I swear
that I and my bro" he checked ftimseif before
he could wholly pronounce the word
brother?"my companion will fall on you
with our jjoinards and hack you to death."
"Do their bidding," said in a low, faint
voice, the young lady in the arm-chair.
"Do I hear aright?" said the doctor.
"You do," resumed the lady. "Do their
biding, or you will incur a fate as dreadful
as my own."
Dr. .Eneas Macbride appeared to hesitate
for a moment; "I will do your will and may
heaven forgive me for yielding to you!
But I must have a vessel; a large vessel of
warm water."
"That shall at once be procured," replied
the taller of the masked men, leaving the
room. You will remember that Dr. Eneas
.Macbride was also tall of stature. He bent
over the reclining lady and whispered
something to her.
"I have told her," he said, drawing himhimself
up to his full height, "that I will
not hurt her much."
Presently two female attendants, each
closely masked, entered the room, carrying
between them a large silver tub full of
warm water. This vessel they placed before
the young lady, who, without a word
immersed her feet in the water. Then Dr.
Macbride, once more bending over the victim,
smoothing the hair on her forehead, and
feeling her pulse, knelt, lancet in hand, by
the side of the silver footbath. He rose
looked in the victim's face, chose a fresh
lancet and knelt again by the side of the
footbath. The water was now deeply discolored.
Ere long it wascompletely crimson.
"Bring another bath?a tub?a bucket?
what you will!" said the doctor, "and more
warm water!" Then he continued, hastily
holding his wrists around the ancles 01 tne
patient, while the first footbath was taken
away and another substituted for it, this
will finish the work."
"How she bleeds!" said the tall man,
who, with folded arms, was watching the
scene. The young lady had fallen back in
her chair, her arms hanging loosely.
"She is insensible," said the shorter of the
masked men.
"She is dead !" said Dr. /Eneas Macbride,
solemnly.
"How she bled!" repeated the shorter of
of the two masked men.
"She will bleed no more," said Dr. Macbride.
And now let me ask you what you
intend to do with the evidence of your, and
I may almost say my guilt. How do you
intend to dispose of tne corpse ?"
"Put it into a sack full of stones and sink
it into the Tiber," muttered the taller gentleman.
"At the risk of the sack rotting, the
weights becoming disengaged from the
body, and of the corpse floating, or of being
washed on shore and the features recognized."
"Bury it in the garden," suggested the
the shorter man.
"It is still dangerous, resumed the doctor.
"The bodies or burried people that have
been murdered have been disinterred over
and over again. One was, you know, last
year, in that vineyard, close to the Appian
Way, and the assasins was brought td justice."
"That is true."
"When you planned your little scheme,
gentlemen," the doctor went on, almost
banteringly, "you should have planned the
last act of your tragedy as well as the proceeding
ones. Let me tell you what a
murdered dead body is in a civilized city,
one of the most difficult of imaginable
things to get rid of. But since I have gone
with you so far in this abominable business
-* ?? x A.^i.1 1 1
1 Will go yei jurmer anu neip yuu i-uuirau
the corpse. Bring it back with me to my
surgery in the Pazza di Spagna?I am accustomed
to have such burdens brought to
me at the dead of night?and I'll dissect
her. By which I mean that in less than
twelve hours no recognizable trace will remain
of your deceased relative?if relative
she is."
The victim was evidently stone dead. After
a long consultation the masked men acceded
to the proposition of the doctor, who
appeared to have become so completely their
accomplice, and who accepted, with many
protestations of thanks, a large purse of gold
sequins. Again he submitted to have his
eyes bandaged, and again he was conducted
to the coach in waiting below ; but something
else accompanied the party, and was
placed on the seat beside the doctor. That
something else was the body, rolled up in
many thicknesses of white' linen, of the
lady who had been bled to death ! The carriage
made a route as circuitous as before to
the Piazza di Spagna; but it was then, at
Br. Macbride's request, driven round to the
entrance of the narrow lane behind the Palazzo
Carminali. Then the burden wrapped
in white linen was carried, by the doctor
and the tailor of the masked men, bv the
back door into the dissecting-room ana laid
like a stone on the table. The doctor noticed
that his fellow-bearer was trembling
violently, and he had evidently had enough
of horrors for that night
Three months afterward Dr. /Eneas Macbride
returned to Edinburgh, bringing with
him his wife, a young and extremely handsome
Italian lady of anoble Roman family.
Pope Benedict XIV., the enlightened and
humane Lambretini, had had much to do
with bringing about the union of the handsome
young lady with "II Dottore Macbride,
Scozzese." He had informed the young
lady's brothers, Don Itafaellejand Don Antonio
Cordiscoglio, counts of that ilk, that
if they did not consent to the match and
pay over a very large fine to the apostolic
chamber, they should be prosecuted with
the utmost rigor of the law for having basely
attempted to murder their sister by causing
her, as they thought, to have the veins
of her anklesopened. Dr. iEneas Macbride.
while pretending to execute the dreadful
behests of Don Rafaelle and Don Antonio
Cordiscoglio, had first administered to her a
potion, which speedily reduced her to in- i
sensibility, and had next skillfully mingled
with the warm water in which the feet of <
the patient were immersed, the contents of
the packet of cochineal which he had pur- i
chased at the farmacia Panciaretto. The
Eoor girl's only offense had been that she
ad imprudently, and in mere girlish folly,
encouraged, for a short time, the addresses
of a young man much her inferior in rank ; :
but by her haughty and vindictive brothers
this transient flirtation was esteemed a crime
which her death alone could expiate. How
friH-unafo if wn? fchn.t, T")r. /Rnfins Macbride
was so much addicted to making anatomical
"preparations," necessitating the use of i
cochineal for their perfection! I fancy,
however, that after his marriage he ceased
to dissect small dead hands, and consoled 1
himself with covering small live ones with i
kisses 1
?mmm===i?????? I
(fflrfign ^omspoHdrnte. j
LETTER FROM LIVERPOOL. " >
1
THE SECOND CITY OF ENGLAND. !
? _ (
The Population aiul Commercial Importance of '
Liverpool?The Antiquity of British Cities, to ]
tchich Liverpool is an Exception?The Ship Yards?
A London Political Meeting?The Leaven of the
Covenanters Still Working?The Late-Abiding Pro- '
pensity of the English. I
, ]
Correspondence t<' the Yorkvllle Enquirer. (
Liverpool, July 25.?I reached this place
by steamboat, at about 6 o'clock this morn- i
ing. After securing a room at the Royal
Hotel, I set out again to see sights. This '
sight-seeing business becomes a mania, i
Perhaps the idea would be better expressed
by saying that the individual who devotes 1
o.-id ot+nnfirm tr? riinnimr rmind. ,
IBlO I&UIU aim w ? , ,
looking at the grand old things in the grand
old cities of the British Isles, becomes par- ,
tiallv, if not absolutely, insane. When,
on the 23rd instant, I left London, I intended
to do nothing more. I was tired. My
feet were worn out and my eyes had the
feeling as if thev were full of dust. No
sooner, however, had I set my foot on the
banks of the Mersey, this morning, than I
felt young and fresh again and ready for
another tramp, and again set out to see
sights.
Liverpool, as perhaps most of the readers
of the Enquirer know, is situated on the
right bank of the Mersey, about three miles
from the sea. On the opposite band is Birkenhead.
According to the census of 1881, it contained
552,425 inhabitants, and was the second
city in point of population in the United
Kingdom. It is claimed that since that
time Glasgow, in Scotland, has outstripped
it, and is now entitled to be regarded as second
to London. Of this I cannot speak definitely.
All that I know is, that Glasgow
claims to have over 900,000 inhabitants,
while such aelairn, ?e far as I know, is not
set up by Liverpool.
In form, the city of Liverpool is an
irregular semi-circle, the diameter of the
circle and base line of the city being the
docks, which line the estuary for a distance
of more than six miles. The city covers '
an area of more than five thousand two
hundred acres of land. This is undoubtedly
a large tract of land to be covered with
houses; but London and its suburbs cover
more than five hundred thousand acres of
land ! This is calculated to make the dweller
in a rural village feel, if not poor, certainly
humble.
Nearly all the large cities of the British
Isles are remarkable on account of their
venerable antiquity. Take away from Edinburgh
its old castle, Greyfriars and St.
Jiles Churches, the house of John Knox, the
Grassmarket, Holyrood Palace and the
tombstones of the martyrs, and the history
which clusters around these places, and Edinburgh,
with its Princess street left, is nothing
compared with New York. These old
things, nowever, make Edinburgh what
New York nor any city in America ever
can become for centuries in the future. Liverpool
can boast of none of those old relics
of past generations. Compared with many
other cities in Great Britain, far less in
point of population and wealth and present
commercial importance, Liverpool has no
history. When it was founded and by
whom, I have, at present, no means of ascertaining.
Suffice it to say, that it was
originally a small borough lying between a
large pool and the river Mersey. From
this pool, I suppose, it took its name in
part, but why I do not know. The old
town was, historians tell us, miserably constructed,
being laid out with no order and
without any reierence to tne neaun 01 ine
inhabitants. The streets were only narrow
alleys, and the houses with which they
were lined were wretchedly poor and uncomfortable.
During the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries it was at different times
visited by a plague, which on each occasion
carried off multitudes of its inhabitants.
At the beginning of the 18th century, Liverpool
was a small town of only about eight
thousand inhabitants. About that time it ;
began to increase, and its growth has been ,
rapid and steady ever since. The old hous- i
es were torn down, the streets changed and |
widened, and the result is that Liverpool is :
a modern and not an old city.
To the people of the United States, especially
to the people of the cotton belt,
Liverpool is, perhaps, the most important
foreign city in the world. Between the
cities of New York and Liverpool, five
lines of steamers are constantly employed.
In addition to these, there are lines between 1
Boston, Philadelphia, Charleston and New
Orleans and Liverpool. These lines of
steamers carry produce of every description
and from every quarter of the globe. :
Nearly all the cotton shipped from the 1
United States finds its way directly or in
directly to Liverpool. This has been the
case ever since cotton began to be cultivated
in the Southern States. The trade |
has grown from a single bale, packed in a i
meal sack with a crowbar, to several mil- j
lions of bales packed with a steam compress, i
Not only is the cotton crop of the South 1
shipped to Liverpool, but enormous quan- '
tities of provisions are annually exported <
from the United States to Liverpool. The
provisions consist of corn and wheat, beef, <
pork, live hogs and cattle. Some sections '
of Livemool are made bv these exports to i -
resemble an American city. Thousands of
bushels of com and wheat are seen stored 1
away in warehouses, and long trains of wag- 1
ons heavily loaded with bales of cotton, are *
seen slowly moving through the streets. 1
The scene has a striking resemblance to *
what was seen every fall thirty-five years
ago in "Cotton Town" in Columbia, South j *
Carolina. f
That which gives to Liverpool its great *
commercial facility, is its docks. Here I
feel, intensely, my ignorance. I am unable s
even to undertake the description of these i
docks. Every profession has its technicali- i
ties. A knowledge of these technicalities, (
rather, a clear understanding of these tech- f
idealities, is necessary to speaking or writ- i
ing intelligibly about these professions, j j
Shipbuilders and dockbuilders have their j
technical words and phrases, but I frankly t
confess that I do not know what these tech- 1
nicalities are, and consequently cannot un- [
derstand them. Such being the ease, I will c
attempt to describe these Liverpool docks t
in language borrowed from land fabrics. 1
Without holding either Webster or Woreos- 1
ter accountable for the definition, I venture
to say that a (lock is a place built upon the
bank of a river, estuary, or on the shore of
the sea, for the purposes of either buildingor
repairing ships, or for the purpose of protecting
ships from the violence of storms and
the lashing of the waves of the sea; and
also for the purpose of facilitating the discharge
of their cargoes. These docks are
constructed by building a massive wall of
stone along the bank of the stream. Perhaps
I would be better understood by saying
that a stone-wall bank is made for the
water. From this wall, other stone walls
extend out into the water. These last are
called piers, and on them are erected huge
buildings for the reception of passengers and
cargoes of ships. The distance between
these piers is sufficient to admit the largest
ship, and is called a slip. Into these slips
the ship is taken when it reaches port. In
front and on both sides, it is surrounded by
stone walls, and is protectenvfrom wind and
wave. The construction of these docks is
attended with great cost. A foundation for
the stone walls has to be dug down into
the ground covered with water, and the
masonry must be both massive and strong,
to withstand the continual dashing of the
waves. Withthi&unclassical description of
a dock, I proceed to describe the docks of
Liverpool.
It is claimed for these docks that they are
the largest and best in the world. Be this
as it may, I can only say that they extend
on both sides of the Mersey, and are
under the same management, and together
form the port of Liverpool. The extent of
these docks on the Liverpool side of the river
is nearly six and a half miles. The extent
un the Birkenhead side is not so great, but
how much less I could not learn. The water
area of the Liverpool docks is three hundred
and thirty-three and one half acres. I
tried, in vain, to ascertain the cost of constructing
these docks. This, I suppose, could
be ascertained, only approximately, and after
a long time spent in patient investigation.
This will be admittec! when it is learned
that the construction of these docks has
been the work not of a year, but of a series
of years. Some idea, however, of their cost
may be formed from the fact that the insome
of these docks is more than five millions
of dollars, and the outstanding debt
more than eighty millions of dollars.
Taken as a whole Liverpool is a grand
city. It is built on a slope, or series of slopes
gradually rising from the river. The public
buildings of Liverpool are equal, in fact, I
think they are superior to those of London.
There is a freshness about both the public
and private buildings of Liverpool which is
not seen in those of London. Liverpool re
sembles Kicnmonci, Virginia, or pernaps jl
would speak more correctly by saying
that Richmond resembled Liverpool. The
resemblance is not seen in everything, but
in some it is striking. Both cities are situated
on a series of slopes, extending from
rivers, and many of the luwfses have a striking
resemblance.
When I began this letter, I did not intend
saying so much about Liverpool. It
is said, however, and let it go. When I
left London I determined to write no more
until I set sail for home. It was my purpose
to while away the hours on the Atlantic
in writing an account of the great polititical
meeting in London on the 21st. It is
raining to-night and I cannot get out, and
besides the thought that to-morrow, at ten
o'clock, the City of Rome, with me 011 board
will steam out of the port of Liverpool for
New York, has completely addled my brain.
Tired feet are rested, and sleep has fled
away. Rather than lie down to roll and
toss and think about a multitude of things
until I reach the verge cf insanity, I will
write up the- London political meeting tonight.
To begin, I may say it was the grandest
gathering I ever witnessed. The lowest estimate
of the number of individuals who
joined in the procession was seven hundred
thousand, and by some the number
was claimed to be fully one million. The
spectators were certainly equal in number
to those in the procession. Such being the
case, and taking the lowest estimate of those
in the procession, one million four hundred
thousand were in some way connected with
the London political meeting of Monday,
the 21st instant. Such an assembly of men
it would be impossible to collect in any city
except London. In London, this political
demonstration was styled "The Great Reform
Demonstration.
A foreigner, that is, an individual who is
not a citizen of the British Isles, is ready
to ask what was the cause of this vast assemblage.
To this question it may be replied
that the working men of London and
adjacent country, turned out in mass to express
publicly and in a united capacity, their
disapproval of the course pursued by the
House of Lords in rejecting a certain Bill
proposed by the House of Commons. The
object designed to be effected by the passage
of this bill, was the extension of the franchise
to five millions of people, who, at
present, do not enjoy the legal right to vote.
The title of the Bill or Act (it is called both)
is "Extension of the Household and Lodger
Franchise." The following is the proposed
T*; 11 ? A -X XI X * A?. U !!.Si/xM<* ?% *#>]
JDin ur ^\ci, wiliioui us piuinuiiury aiiu c.\.planitory
supplements:
"A uniform household franchise and a uniform
lodger franchise at elections, shall be established
in all counties and boroughs throughout the
United Kingdom, and every man possessed of
a household qualification, of a lodger qualification,
shall, if these qualifying premises be situate
in a county in England or Scotland, be entitled
to be registered as a voter, and when registered,
to vote at an election for such county;
and if the qualifying premises be situate in a
county or borough in Ireland, be entitled to be
registered as a voter, and when registered, to
vote at an election for such county or borough.
When a man himself inhabits any dwelling-house
by virtue of any office, service or employment,
and the dwelling-house is not inhabited by anjother
person under whom such a man serves in
such office, service or employment, he shall be
deemed, for the purposes of this Act, and of
the Representation of the People Acts, to be an
inhabitant occupier of such dwelling-house as a
tenant."
In order to understand this Act, which
the Lords rejected, it must be remembered
that the laws of England require an individual
to be possessed of a certain amount
property before he is entitled to vote for a
member of Parliament. This is called a
qualification. There are two kinds of qualifications.
One kind applies to the inhabitants
of counties?the other kind to the inhabitants
of boroughs. There is not a uniformity
in the qualifications. More favor is
shown the inhabitants of the boroughs, than
is shown to the inhabitants of the counties.
The inhabitant of a borough is enlitled to
vote for a member of Parliament, provided
he is the occupant ofa dwelling house which
is rated or taxed for the relief of the poor ;
but the inhabitant of a county is not. The
inhabitants of the country, both of the counties
and of the boroughs, demand as a right,
both legal and natural, that the franchise be
extended and that it be uniform.
It will be seen that the proposed Act was j
lesigned to extend the franchise to house- |
Holders, with certain restrictions. The j
House of Lords voted this Act down, and
'The Great Reform Demonstration," as it \
A*as cauea, in ljonuon on me ^isi uisimit, <
ivas designed to sustain Mr. Gladstone and
:he House of Commons, and to show the
people's disapprobation of the course pursued
by the House of Lords.
Meetings of a similar character and for a
similar purpose, have been held in various
sections of England, Ireland and Scotland,
md others are announced.
Preparations for the great reform demonstration
had been making for several days.
It was arranged that those persons who proposed
to join in the procession, should renlezvous
at the embankment on the Thames,
md at a signal given by the sending up of a
ocket, begin tneir march to Hyde Park.
Vt this point all were to be present at half
past five o'clock. This was not accomplished.
The greatness of the crowd, as might
pe expected, caused its own delay. Soon
iftor the appointed hour, the larger number
>f those in the procession, and a vast multiude
of spectators, reached Hyde Park.
Many of the processions did not reach the
['ark until late1, and by far the greater por- '
tion of the spectators never entered the
Park at all. The streets, in all directions,
for miles, were full of men and women, and _
the tops of houses were literally covered ?
with persons eager to see what was going
on. Seven stands had been erected in the
Park, and speakers provided foreach one of a]
these stands. In addition to this, there
were quite a number of volunteer speakers
who harrangued the multitudes that gathered
around them. The speeches which I J."
heard were moderate in their tone. They v:
contained no threats, and heaped no abusive jv
epithets upon the House of Lords. One of It
tne Lords was held up to ridicule, because
he said the working people did not want the ^
franchise. The volunteer speeches which E:
were delivered in the crowd by laboring r:
men, were sometimes full of lire and indignation.
One of these speakers would stop in ^
the midst of a sentence and propose three ^
cheers to "Lilly, the wood cutter." This
was responded to by his hearers with good
will. After as many persons as couiu mm
standing room in Hyde Park had entered, 9,,
the following resolution was submitted from V
each of the seven stands to the people, and 1
by them adopted : gj
Resolved, That this vast assembly, consisting of ^
seven enormous meetings?composed of repre- q"
sentatives of the unenfranchised agricultural laborers,
miners, urban and rural non-voters, and or
other unenfranchised classes, and of trades, or- w<
ganizations, political and Radical clubs, Lib- \V
eral associations and other organized bodies, pr
political and non-political?emphatically protests
against the rejectiou of the representatives
of the People Bill by an irresponsible and un- P
representative House of Lords, notwithstanding
its almost unanimous acceptance by the people
and the people's accredited representatives;
and it approves Mr. Gladstone's action in advising
her Majesty to summon an autumn ses- E<
sion of Parliament, and his determination to tei
send up the bill again to the Peers; and further So
expresses its opinion that the continued ex- (jg
istence of an unchecked power of impending po
and obstructing the popular will, at present exercised
by the House of Peers, is not conducive u?
either to the welfare of the people or the peace ^
and prosperity of the country. That a copy of CO
this resolution be sent to the t'rime Minister. fr(
The crowd, in a short time after the adop- ta
tion of the above resolution, began to dis- th
perse in as quiet and as orderly a way as it en
was possible. to
This letter is already too long and I have hi
not touched the subject. You and your 18;
readers must permit me to make a few re- be
marks by way of inference. ap
The first remark I have to make is, that an
the classes of people of Great Britain who
are named in the above quoted resolution, WJ
are panting for liberty. Two hundred years co
ago the Covenanters declared that they q
"would set up over themselves and over of
what God should give them power, a gov- ra
eminent and governors according to the
word of God." That meant a government ti(
and governors of their own choice. This an
was regarded at the time as treason, and 'vj
for it some of them were put to death, and aE
some of them were forced to flee to Ameri- tj,
ca. The doctrine which the Covenanters sj,
announced at Queensferry, developed itself aj
into the American Constitution. For that ^
freedom the oppressed of the British Isles nc
are longing. tr
The next remark I have to make is, that
the English are an exceedingly orderly peo- ta
pie, and I am constrained to believe a very ^
moral, and I hope, a very religious people. ^
On the day of the Great Reform Demonstra- to
tion, all the liquor-shops in London were ^
open, and I have no doubt large quantities q
of intoxicating liquors were sold and drank. a?
Notwithstanding this fact, the people were
orderly. I heard no swearing. I saw some
drunk persons, but they were quiet. This p(
leads me to remark?and I do it with a feel- m
ing of shame?that the Americans are noto- p
rious for their profanity. I have heard but L
one single word of profanity ajnee I landed ?r
at Liverpool on the 9th of June. ^
The last remark I have to make is that ti<
the English are the most law-abiding people h
I ever saw. As a proof or t-his, i win state th
that when I left Hyde Park, I found it impossible
to cross the street on account of the 0i
dense crowd of men and vehicles of every th
kind and character. In fact, I was appre- ja
hensive that I would be crushed to death, tii
Under the impulse of the moment, I rush- te
ed to a policeman who was standing in the di
middle of the street. Putting one hand on pt
his shoulder and at the same time giving er
him a wave of courtesy with the other hand, vi
I said, "I put myself under your care." He k]
immediately raised both his hands in front ie
of the jam of men, horses and vehicles. In a al
moment, as if an electric spark had been ar
thrown amongst them, every one stopped ar
dead still. The policeman then asked me sa
where I wanted to go. I replied, "across ar
the street." He then threw out his hands, de
opening them at the same time, and a way j0
was made for me in a moment. I said to yt
my traveling companion that no man in pr
America could do that. I thought so then w
and I think so yet. s|i
To-morrow morning, at ten o'clock, Prov- se
idence permitting, I leave Liverpool. The ap
prospect for a crowded ship is good. The pi
cholera in France is driving American trav- th
elers home. I understand that a large batch fa
of steerage passengers are going to Ameri- m
ca. But I must go to bed, and, if possible, 0f
get a nap before I leave for home.
It. Latiian. ^
Lightnings-Rods.?It is a general im- ^
pression that the chief value of lightningrods
is to shield buildings from harm by
conducting electricity from the clouds to
the earth. Even intelligent people are oft
en surprised when told that the rods secure
safety by allowing the electricity to escape tr
which gathers on the roof and sides of build
ings. But the cases where the electricity t'1
goes upwards from the earth to the air, bc
largely outnumber those in which the cur- ?u
rent sets in the opposite direction. Je<
The process is a very simple one. The c?
electric equilibrium in the air is disturbed, as
and one kind of electricity gathers in great to.
force on the earthward surface of the clouds.
This at once disturbs the equilibrium of the 111
earth, and attracts the opposite kind of w<
electricity to the earth's surface. When a"
the tension becomes too great?or the mu- tl1
tual affinity becomes irresistible?electricity p
leaps cither from the clouds to the earth, J1.1
or reversely and for the moment the equiJ.ibrium
is restored. jy
But if conducting points, such as lightning-rods
present, are numerous enough to ??
dissipate steadily the force gathered on the jju
earth's surface, there will be no sudden leap, be
and no lightning shock. In the famous ex- bu
periment of Franklin with his kite, if the
lightning from the cloud had run down the
string to the key, the bold experimenter 18
would have suffered the penalty of death an
for his rashness. But it was only the clec- ^
tricity of the kite and the string, decom
posed by the attraction of the electricity in
the cloud, that escaped by the key, and a"
therefore the shock was a light one.
? ? ?
WniiTir Knowing.?Poisoning from can
ned fruit and vegetables is not common, but JJ,
it occurs occasionally. An expert physician lu,
jives the following good advice on the sub- ?
Sect: 2JJ
1. Every can should be examined, and if '
two holes are found in it, send the can at '
ince to the health board with the contents x"
ind name of the grocer who sold it.
2. Reject every article of canned food that . ?
Joes not show the line of the rosin around '; 1
the edge of the solder of the cap, the same as S'j,
is seen on the seam at the side of the can.
3. Reject every can that does not have
:he name of the manufacturer or firm upon prt
tas well as the name of the company and On
;he town where manufactured. 'Standards' of
lave all this. When the wholesale dealer cal
s ashamed to have his name on the goods me
ight shy of them. tin
4. Press the bottom of the can. If de- tin
^imposition is commencing the tin will rat- in
;le the same as the bottom of the oiler of Ma
four sewing machine does. If the goods wo
ire sound it will be solid, and there will he to!
10 rattle to the tin. int
">. Reject every can that shows any rust ha(
iround the cap on the inside of the head of nus
;he can. If housewives are educated to Coi
;hese points, then muriate of zinc amalgam Sta
.villbea thing of the past, and dealers in to s
'swills" have to seek some other occupation, am
ffflcal politics.
THE COUNTY CANVASS.
N INTERESTING MEETING AT ( LOVER.
Last Thursday was the day appointed by
e County Executive Committee for a pub;
meeting at Clover, at which the candiites
in the primary election would address
eir fellow-citizens. At an early hour in
e forenoon the clean and pretty streets of
ir thriving 3ister town were alive with
:ople from the country, and at 12.30 P. M.,
e hour decided upon by the committee of
rancrpments for the sneakiner to beein. a
o\v(F, estimated at from 800 to 400, had asmbled.
Arrangements were made for the
eaking by erecting a neat stand and proding
seats in the grove, in a convenient
,rt of the town, and zest was given to the
casion by excellent music furnished by the
lover Cornet Band, of which Mr. L. K.
rmstrong is leader. On account of the engements
of Mr. J. It. Barron, Precinct
lairman, (he being a member of the band)
at gentleman requested Capt. W. Beatty
nith to preside. He called the meeting to
der promptly at 12.30, and the proceedings
sre opened with prayer by Rev. R. A.
ebb, pastor of Bethel Church. After
ayer, the chairman stated the object of
e meeting, when he introduced as the first
eaker
DR. JOHN G. BLACK,
ndidate for the Senate. Dr. Black went
er the same ground as in his speech at
Dck Hill, reported last week. He reitera[1
his views on the Citadel Academy, the
uth Carolina College and the Columbia
inal appropriations, being unalterably op sed
to all of them. While a friend of edation,
and disposed to aid in educational
jects, he favored appropriations for the
mmon schools first, and in a few years
>m now, we might be more able to bear
xation for the support of the Citadel and
e State University^ He thought the presit
time inopportune for taxing the people
support these institutions. He reviewed
s legislative record when a member in
80-81, and upon that he was willing to go
fore the people. He then voted against
ipropriations for the purposes above named
d would do so again.
maj. jas. f. hart
is the next speaker introduced. After
raplimentary allusions to the town of
over, and recalling the reminiscence of one
the most stirring meetings of the memoble
campaign of 1870, held at that place,
> referred in a general way to his past dujs
in the Senate. He made the point that
t inexperienced member cannot be as serceable
to his people as one of experience,
id cited the fact that Charleston has conlued
some of Its Representatives ever
ice 1870, and consequently that county
most rules both branches of the General
ssembly. An inexperienced member can>t
be heard. The interests of the low couny
and the upper part of the State are ditrse;
the low country always tavors high
xation when it is beneficial to thatsection.
'ith us of the up country we have no such
ijects in view. It was a maxim with him
legislate for low taxation. For the maininance
of the Democratic party in South
trolina, the Government must be so pure
id popular in the public mind that no facia
may arise in our own or any other party
break the ranks of the Democratic party,
ir this reason he was opposed to enactents
of local concern inimicable to the
sople of a particular section, as for exame
forcing upon the people of the low couny
the fence law when they did not desire
, He was opposed to making appropriains
for the Citadel and State University,
e favored an improved system of working
ie public highways, but did not propose to
rolve a plan at present. Pie only threw
it the suggestion, to call the attention of
ie people to the subject. He opposed the
w exempting manufactories from taxaDn,
and favored the introduction of a sysm
whereby there would be a more general
ffusion of the laws of the State, for the
lblic information. The State expects evy
man to know the law, but does not prode
the means for the people generally to
iow the enactments of its legislative bods.
He made a touching allusion to a disced
Confederate soldier, a citizen of Clover,
id alluding to the fact that a small State
ipropriation had been made for his benefit,
id he thought this, as well as similar
ipropriations?from which, however, he
;rived no benefit?should be kept up, so
ng as there is an empty sleeve in the
ate, and especially to those who were de'ived
of their eyesight by casualties of the
ar, it is nothing but gratitude that we
ould make this public recognition of their
rvices. On the question ot the lawyer as
[ainst the farmer, although a lawyer by
ofession, he was as mucn interested in
e farming interests of the country as the
rmers themselves. He was raised a far
I 1 1 ... 1 i._l ???,]? I
er uuy, anu ruuw ami respecieu uie nueus
the farming interest of the State.
C. E. SPENCER, ESQ.,
llowed Major Hart. He alluded to the
ct that this was the second occasion of his
tending a political meeting at Clover,
is first visit there was in 1876, when he
id the pleasure of participating in one of
e most glorious meetings of that camtign.
He contrasted the growth and acvity
of the town now, with what it then
us, as having kept steady pace with
e progress of the county since it has
en freed from Radical rule. He disssed
the question of his age, as an objtion
urged against him by some of his
mpetitors, maintaining the same position
has been previously reported. Alluding
the disabled soldier so touchingly spoken
by Major Hart, he, too, re-echoed thesennents
of the Major, and said if elected, it
3uld be as much his pleasure as that of
y man, to try to secure for the blind solers
of the State an annual allowance. He
limed to be as much of a farmer as one of
s competitors who urged his identifica>n
with the farming interests as one reason
!iy he should be supported by the farmers,
merely owning land, a horse and a plow
nstituted a farmer, he was as much a
merashisagriculturalcompetitor. More:
raised a small crop of wheat?thirteen
shels?this year, which cost him three
liars a bushel; but he did not propose to
opt wheat raising as a profession. This
peculiarly an agricultural community,
d though there may be men in other proisions,
the interests of all are identical,
e all depend upon agriculture, and there c
the lawyer in the Legislature could not
ord to legislate against the farmer. He
is not pledged to any issue. lie would
t say that he will or will not advocate
ite appropriations to the Citadel Academy
d the Souih Carolina College. He was an ,
vocate of common schools, and was proud
it there are also institutions in the State
lich give aid in higher education to worf
struggling young men. The annual apjpriation
for this last object is small as
npared with the $300,000 derived by the
o-inill tax for the common schools. The
ar is open for competitive examination,
[1 though the uumoer of students from
:h county is limited, all have an equal
mce to enter the Citadel.
It EX. E. M. LAW
isentcd himself as a farmer candidate,
e of his competitors claims to be as much
a farmer as himself; but how is a man's
ling identified ? Certainly not as a farr,
when he raises wheat at an expense of (
ee dollars a bushel. He then argued <
it a new member could be as serviceable s
the Senate as an old one, and illustrated 1
ijor Ilart's position by the story of the i
man who was willing for her son to learn t
swim, but he must do so without going i
0 the water. He fully endorsed all that i
1 been said on the subject of making an- (
il appropriations for deserving disabled c
ifederate soldiers, as a duty which the t
,te owes to these unfortunates. In regard 1
ippropriations for the Citadel Academy t
1 the South Carolina University, should 1
he be elected and find that it was the sentiment
of the people to consolidate those institutions,
and under that arrangement conduct
one by the fund derived from the general
government for that purpose, he would
have no hesitation in laboring to secure that
end. He was opposed to the exemption of
manufacturing establishments from taxation,
and had always been opposed to making
State appropriations for the Columbia
Canal. The chairman introduced
MR. J. M. ADAMS
as the next speaker. His remarks were in
the same general style of his Rock Hill
speech. The only new measure he advanced
was in reference to the Citadel and State
University. He advocated the plan of keeping
one of these institutions?the Citadelopen
for the deserving youth of the State,
and converting the University into a school
of high grade at which deserving females
could obtain an education free. He said he
had understood that the statement had been
made that if he should be elected and go to
the Senate, that he could not draw up a bill.
As to that there would be no difficulty
so far as he was concerned. He would
have the assistance of Senator Patterson,
of Chester, who is his right hand man ; and
besides that the State Solicitors are required
to attend the sessions of the Legislature for
no other purpose but to assist members in
drawing up bills. As to a man being a lawyer,
he did not know that it made so much
difference in drawing up bills, anyway, nor
does it go to show that a lawyer necessarily
understands a bill after it has been drawn
up an enacted in a law. As proof of this,
Mr. John Smith, of Broad River, told him
that he once called on his friend Major Hart
to explain to him the lien law and the homestead
law, and at the end of two hours neither
one of them knew what they had been
talking about. He thought his claims were
well based on the ground that he is a mechanic,
and if elected, it would be the first
instance of a mechanic representing the
people of York in the legislative halls of
the State, and this much he thought was
due to the mechanical interests of the country.
Since the opening of this campaign he
had noticed with regret that three very
able lawyers?his friends Hart, Spencer and
Law?had about deserted their profession
and gone regularly to farming. He thought
it would be best for them to return to their
law offices, and let him go to the Senate.
In other respects, Mr. Adams'remarks were
of the same general tenor of his speech at
the opening of the canvass.
Mr. Adams was the last Senatorial candidate,
and the chairman next introduced those
for the House of Representatives, commencing
with
HON. B. II. MASSEY.
i>ir. Aiassey reierrea to ?iis service 01
eight years in the House and his public
record, which was known by the people of
the county. He was a farmer?not a talking
fanner, but a working farmer, though
he did not ask the support of the people
on that account. If it suited the people
to return him to the House, he would,
as in the past, serve them to the best of
his ability. He was not unmindful of the
interests of all his constituents, while
all his public acts were with the view of
fostering the agricultural interests of the
country. In regard to the scheme of his
friend, Mr. Adams, for finishing the State
House, he did not favor the scheme of imposing
upon the people at this time a tax for
that purpose, which would require at least
$750,000; but he would favor removing the
convicts from the Columbia Canal and putting
them to work on the capitol. As to the
State appropriations for the Columbia canal,
he opposed the scheme. As a member ol
the State Board on public works he is familiar
with it, and the cost it has been to
the State. Its cost has been $88,000 per
annum, and it will require three more
years and twice that amount to finish it.
However, the work that has been done on
it up to the present time will not be lost,
should further operations be suspended, as
it is near the Penitentiary, and its water
can be used for running the machinery in
that institution. He could see no reason
why the work should be carried further.
He was opposed, in the Legislature, to opening
the Citadel and the State College. For
the objects of those institutions he does not
think the State is able at this this time to
make the necessary appropriations. He
concurred in remarks by speakers who had
preceded him on the question of affording
relief to disabled solders. He had introduced
in the House a joint resolution for $200
for the relief of a blind soldier of this
county, and while this class of unfortunates
could not be pensioned, an annual approbation
could be made for them. He concluded
by complimenting the band on the fine
music furnished by them, and said that he
had been a member of a brass band for
seven years, and the time of that period
which he had devoted to the study of in
strumental music was the happiest of his
life.
J. C. CHAMBERS, ESQ.,
was next introduced and spoke in the same
strain of his speech at Rock Hill, reported
last week. lie was followed by
COL. CADWALLADER JONES,
who first alluded to the remarks, on the
subject of public relief to disabled Confederate
soldiers, by speakers who had preceded
him. He was in full accord with this
proposition, and in advocating it paid a
handsome tribute to the gallantry of those
unfortunate men. This was the first time
that he had ever visited Clover, which is a
brand new town, sprung up, as if in a day.
To the general appearance of the town and
the enterprise of its citizens he paid a merited
compliment, and asked, What built
your town ? The railroad, he answered.
But you may say, No thanks to me. The
county appropriation of $100,000 was made
by three County Commissioners. I thought
then and think now they had no right to
make that appropriation. The battle over
the question has been fought, though the
question at issue ha3 not been decided.
The bonds had been issued and the Court
ordered that they should be paid without
deciding the question of the right of the
Commissioners to make the subscription.
But the railroad has been built and I am
glad of it, though it has always been my
opinion that the people should be allowed a
vote on all questions making county appropriations
for such purposes. The road is
an important improvement to the county.
It doe? you good and does us no harm. The
subscription is a small sum for the large
county of York to pay. I opposed the subscription,
not for the object, but the manner
in which it was made. I favor railroads,
and think I would have voted for the subscription
had the proposition been submitted
to the people. I allude to this matter,
in announcing myself as a candidate for the
House of Representatives, for which my
name was brought forward last Monday, *
simply because I had heard, before coming
here, that I would meet a cool reception.
But I am happy to say that such has not
been the case. I have met many friends
who have given me a good old-time, honest
welcome. The speaker next alluded to the
"new county movement" of two years ago,
which he then favored. But that question
is now as "dead as Julius Ctesar." The constitution
prescribes the minimum area of a
?ountv. and we cannot get the necessary
territory, without amending the constitution.
He said the people of his section are
satisfied, and the question is at rest forever.
For reasons intimated, he had felt it his du:y
to refer to these matters and explain his
position on the two questions, which are
lead issues forever. ()n questions under discission,
he referred to the railroad commission,
and while he is a friend of railroads, as
jetween the rights of the roads and the
ights of the people, neither should oppress
he other; but how the happy medium of so
idjusting the laws as to render them fair and
md equitable for both parties could be reachid
he did not now know. If elected, his
?oursc will besuchasto guard the interest of
he people and yet not oppress the railroads.
Phis is a white man's country, and legislaion
must be in favor of the white man, but
ie would do no injustice to the black man*