University of South Carolina Libraries
/ ; * <)'} i /: lewis m. &rist, Proprietor. | % $nbepeitircnf Jfamilg fjttfospapcr: jfor % promotion of % political, Social, Hgriralfurai anb Commercial |nlcrcsts of % Soutji. |terms--$2.50 a year, is advance. VOL. 30. YOEKYILLE, S C., THURSDAY, MAY 8, 1884. 3STO. 19. JMrtedi foctrg. ja HIS MOTHER'S SONGS. J Beneath the hot mid-summer sun ? The men had marched all day; ? And now besides a rippling stream Upon the grass they lay. Tiring of games and idle jests, As swept the hours along, They called to one who mused apart, . "Come, friend, give us a song." ^ "I fear I cannot please," he said ; ? "The only songs I know Are those my mother used to sing For me long years ago.'' "Sing one of those," a rough voice cried, ^ ' "There's none but true men here: To every mother's son of us A mother's songs are dear." p Then sweetly rose the singer's voice Amid unwonted calm, "Am I a soldier of the cross, A follower of the Lamb?" "And shall I fear to own his cause"? The very stream was suiiea, +1 And hearts that never throbbed with fear With tender thoughts were filled. J Ended the song, the singer said, ^ As to his feet he rose, "Thanks to you all, my friends; good-night, ,. <*od grant us sweet repose." "Sing us one more," the captain begged ; j. The soldier bent his head. v Then glancing 'round, with smiling lips, "You'd join with me," he said. " "We'll sing this old familiar air, Sweet as the bugle call. 1; "All hail the power of Jesus' name, Let angels prostrate fall." _ Ah ! wondrous was the old tune's spell As on the singer sang ; 1, Man after man fell into line, , . And loud the voices rang. K The songs are done, the camp is still, Naught but the stream is heard ; But ah ! the depths of every soul J By those old hymns are stirred. And up from many a bearded lip, jr In whispers soft'and low, w Rises the prayer the mother taught ,, The boy long years ago. ? Chicago Inter-Ocean. t> She Seller; | - ___ _ tl A DAUGHTER OF BABYLON. v, ?? ti "Althea! Althea! Where art thou?" sy It was Beleses who called, in a stern and j, angry voice; and his daughter vainly strove p( to check her sobs, in order that she might ?( answer him; for the tears of maidens fell as h; easily then as now, and young hearts were tl as soft, and old heads as full of plans for p] worldly gain and as forgetful of the power of love as in the year of our Lord 1884; h< though the scene was Babylon and the time h; was five hundred years before the infant Je- f( sus opened his eyes in the manger at Bethlehem. "Althea! Althea!" called Beleses again; and Althea drew the veil of silver tissue across her face, and entered the presence of her father. She stood before him, her willowy figure C( clad in rich stuff, her face faintly outlined beneath her veil, the dusky plaits of her long hair reaching nearly to her knees, and with bent head made him a reverence as a r girl always makes to her father. But she ^ could not speak; sobs still choked her voice. Belises looked at her with mingled emo- u +.inn<a She whs lovelv as a dream, graceful /-, as a willow branch; but she had resisted his ^ command, opposed herself to his will. He ^ stretched out his*hand in a parental caress, but ere he touched her, anger overcame affection and he struck her, though lightly, h on the shoulder. A ' "Again a drooping head!" he cried, j. "Again a weeping eye? Again an air as though I had given command that thou g shoulds't be put to death, instead of order- ^ ing all things well for thee? Why, girl, h thou art seventeen, and unwed ! In a year or two thy beauty will fade. Thou wilt be , a maiden in the house of thy father and a reproach to thy parents. And Arbaces is a tj man of might and rich beyond compare. C( Thou wilt have slaves, and jewels, and a; honor. Go to thy mother, girl, and tell 1E her thou has listened to my words, and ^ bid her see that the robes are of the a) finest and richest stutf. I grudge nothing h when I give my daughter to Arbaces, for ^ he will be a son to be proud of, a fitting g spouse tor thee, and must wed him." But Althea at this uttered a little scream. "Father," she cried, "I will never marry Arbaces. Rather I will take my own life, fArbaces is rich and powerful and not ill to it look upon, but he is nothing to me. Fa- s? ther, I love Balinea, and shame would be tl my portion should I wed one man while I n: loved another. And my Balinea would ai die?he has told me so. Father, have pity tj on me!" st But the old man only laughed sarcastically. I' "Thy Belina would die?" he answered, ai "The prate of a fortune hunter, who has k made a silly girl believe that he loves her. h For the sake of this Belinea who has neither -A money nor the esteem of men?nothing but d< the face of a woman and the gift of song c< which he shares with the wild birds, thou h hast refused to wed more good men than c< I can now recall by name. This time I will n be obeyed. I will consult an oracle as to ft the day of thy wedding, and on that day w thou shalt. become the wife of Arbaces." * F "Not while there is poison in Babylon, " or a river about its walls," said Althea. "I 1; will live unwed rather than disobey my father, but I will be the wife of no one but d Belinea." She spoke as only those speak who have ii formed unalterable resolutions, and her father listend with an angry comprehension tr of the fact. b; "Thou canst be resolute, Althea," said he, s< "but so can I. Mark me, for what I say a shall be so. If by to-morrow's dawn thou P dost repeat what thou hast but just uttered, tl I will send thee this year to the auction of t^ maidens, and there thou wilt be sold?thou, u the loveliest maiden to-day in Babylon, to r< whoso bids for thee. Thou wilt bring a P fine price?a portion for some ugly or de- v formed woman who has no wooers; for at cl this auction of maidens, wisely instituted o that the women of Babylon should all have tl - husbands, while for beauties rich men pay greatsuras, poor ones receive money to take j to wife uncomely creatures, and so become jt rich. Thy Belinea may go thither if he o pleases and bid for the hunchbacked Gissa. it He would gain a fortune so; but he will not s] be able to bid for thee; his purse is too short b for that." s< "Father! Father!" screamedAlthea. b But old Beleses flung her from him as si she clung to him, and left her lying pros- si trate on the floor. Sobbing and weeping p she crouched there until day faded and ti twilight fell. Then a female slave, bearing fi a silver lamp, entered the room, ushering T in Althea's mother, Nasara, who, much tl alarmed, had been searching everywhere a for her child. She bent over the weeping tl girl, lifted her up in her own chamber, h There, among the silken pillows, she sooth- ft ed her to rest,, and to dreams of love and b Belinea. But'Xasara had no power to in- ol duce her husband to forgive this beautiful w daughter, or to give her with a suitable tl dowry to the man she loved. a Time passed on and brought the day of tl the year on which the auction of maidens tl was held in Babylon in those days. There e were fifteen maidens to be sold to the high- tl est bidder that day, and a great concourse d had gathered in the open space devoted to tl that purpose, not only those who wanted to ai pay for lovely wives or receive much need- w ed money with unprepossessing ones were ci there, but many came from curiosity; and through the crowd went the whisper that, ft; in his anger, Beleses, one of the best known 01 citizens of Babylon, had sent his only e daughter, the marvelous beauty, Althea, to n be sold to those who wanted her for a wife, p * Girls who were pretty and girls who were s( not sat together on a long stone bench, close- ti ly veiled and utterly silent. The auctioneer e walked about with an air of importance, v Lnxious parents whispered to their chilren. An old man with a long white beard ;, buckled to himself over a bag of gold. A oor man whose necessities were known to 11 Babylon, though he was virtuous and of ood character, solemnly gazed at the little rooked figure of Gissa, who had come to be jld of her own accord, and who, doubtless, rould bring the greatest sum with her. The green and white robe, belted with mbossed silver about the taper waist of dthea ; the white hands, the gorgeous arm- : its, the long earrings of rich gold, distin uished Althea from her companions, ? lough she was closely veiled. ] Those who were buyers were permitted > speak to the maidens. Arbaces approach- < I Althea first. "If all my fortune must be paid for thee I rill win thee, beautiful Althea," he whisered. She answered by a bitter laugh. Then, i embling and pale, Balinea came forward. ] "Althea, best beloved," he whispered, "I , ave sold all I have, but the sum is a mere j ifle. I shall lose thee, for thou art fairer , lan all the women of Babylon. Arbaces j rill have thee. Farewell. When thou art j is I will kill myself," but Althea caught j im in the wrist. , "Listen Balinea," she said. "When the , me comes Arbaces will have none of me. ] hen thou mayst also refuse to take me. j t is possible. Remain, but swear that j ou will keep silence until 1 place ray nana , ius upon tne other. Then, if still thou j rouldsthave me, cry out: "Give me Al- j lea." If not I will go my way, and I will , ve a maiden in my lather's home forever." , "What dost thou mean, Althea ?" cried j ;alinea; but she made no answer. ; And now the crowd was bidden to si- < mce, and driven back to a certain dis- , tnce?and a crier spoke thus : < "The rulers of Babylon, believing that i le women should be wed, for that they are j ieble, helpless creatures, unfit to labor for lemselves, unlearned, and weak of will, so , lat they need protectors and directors, have ( istituted this auction of maidens, that no , roman in Babylon need lack a husband. , or the beatiful must a great price be paid, J ut with the ill-favored we give the sum j aid for the others, that each man may have } >me advantage. To-day our highest price j asked for Althea, daughter of our good ( tizen Beleses and his wife Nasara. Al- , lea, unveil thyself." j Althea, at this bidding, arose and ad- ( anced. She lifted her white hand and tore j le veil from her head. A shriek arose as le did so, and the lookers on stood petrified. astead of the beautiful face they had ex- ( ected to see, they saw a torn and bleeding ( >untenance ; and a head destitute of every i air. Two great braids, which she cast on < le stones at her feet, alone remained of her ] lenteous tresses. { "People of Babylon," she cried, "this j ave I done that I may not wed a man I , ate! How now, Arbaces ? Wilt thou bid j >r me ?" ] A roar arose from the crowd, and Arbaces 1 ill forward in a swoon, and was borne 1 way by his friends. Balinea started for- ( ard, but was checked by the soldiers. i Again the crier spake : < "She who was the loveliest has now be- 1 )me the most hideous. Veil thyself, Al- i lea." j rn, i.1 11 ?1 rr\U~ illl'll UllUUltJl llitliic \vu? Ulia-U. mc saic J roceeded. Vast sums were paid for two i eauties; moderate prices for others. Even rissa, with her pointed face and pretty hair i nd eyes, was not too ugly in the eyas of the ] rnn who received a fortune at her hands. < >nly Althea remained unsought?too hide- < s for any to desire. And now she lifted j er head, and at the signal Balinea strode i >rward. 1 "Give me Althea," he said?"Althea who j as done this lor me?Althea, forever beau- < ful to my heart. Give her to me, and eep your base gold?I'll none of it." ] "I claim my portion," she said. "Suchis j le law of the Babylonish sale of maidens." j nd she gathered the gold into her veil as < er lover led her away. i And, so sayeth tradition, the gods smiled j pon the lovers; and all Althea's beauty < . turned?the lovely hair grew long again, i le wounds healed without a scar, and the mstant Belinea had a lovely wife as well , i a fortune. And though old Beleses j light vex himself, he could alter nothing, < ?r the woman who was sold at the yearly j action of maidens could not be taken from i er husband. And they lived and loved , >r many happy years in the old city of abylon. \ When Sugar Was Invented.?The s vact date of the invention of sugar is lost 1 i the midst of fable. However, sugar is ' lid to have been known to the Chinese iree thousand years ago, and there i3 not < mch doubt but that the manufacture of the 1 rticle was carried on under theTsin dynas- ' 7 two hundred years before Christ. A < rong claim for priority has been made for ndia.* Probably the Hindoos learned the rt from the Chinese, and from China the nowledge was carried farther west. Three 1 undred and twenty-five years before Christ, I Jexander sent Nearchus with a large fleet own tne mcius 10 explore me aujueeut i nintries. When that officer returned from ' is expedition he brought to Greece an ac- < >unt of honey (sugar) which the Asiatics < lade from cane, without any assistance ] om bees. This was the earliest idea the < estern nations had of sugar, the Jews, < Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks, know- I lg nothing of its use. As late as A. D. iu sugar was prescribed by Galen, the faious physician, as a medicine. Before the 1 iseovery of America sugar was a costly 1 ixury, used only on rare occasions. Dur- 1 lg the wars of the roses, about 1455, Mar- ' aret Faston, wife of a very wealthy coun- i y gentleman of Norfolk, wrote to her hus- I and begging that he would "vouchsafe" to ( ?nd her a pound of sugar. As late as 1700 i 11 England consumed only twenty million i ounds in the course of the year, but since < le consumption has greatly increased, .venty million hundredweight now being ( sed by the English people. The process of I ^fining sugar was not known in England i revious to 1659. That was proGably an in- . ention of the Arabs. A Venetian mer- 1 bant learned the secret from the Saracens < f Scicily, and sold the art for one hundred : aousand crowns. 5?* Lieut. Greely, whose rescue is the ob;ct of the Arctic expedition, the first vessel f which sailed last week, is another victim, I ; is feared, like DeLong, to the adventurous 1 pirit that urges our heroes to break the arriers of the frozen North. In 1881 a new jheme of Arctic exploration was formed i y several nations, which provided that jveral simultaneous expeditions should be arted. Lieutenant A. \V. Greely was ap- i ointed to command an American expecli- i on, twenty-four in number, which sailed om St. Johns, N. B., in August, 1881. j 'hey reached their destination in safety and i le Proteus, in which they sailed, returned : 11 right. The officer in command reported i lat the colony had been provided with a I ouse, boats and provisions enough to last ] >r two years. They were contiguous to a | ] eel of superior coal and were thus assured 1 f an ample supply of fuel. The agreement as that a relief party should be sent to i lem the following year with fresh stores 1 nd to take away the sick of the party. If t lis relief expedition should fail to reach 1 lem, the understanding was that another .< xpedition should start in 1883 to bring I lem away altogether. Should this expe- 1 ition also fail, the colonists were to abandon i le station not later than September 1, 1883, I nd make their way to Littleton Island, i 'here supplies shouid be left for them in 1 lse they were not previously picked up. < Everything was done as promised, but 1 tilure attended the efforts to reach the col- i nists. Owing to the heavy ice the first . xpedition was unable to come anywhere < ear the Greely party. It therefore left < revisions at Cape Sabine, about 250 miles 1 )uth of Discovery Harbor, and then re- I lrned home. The second expedition was j ven more disastrous, and resulted in the j reck of the Protewt. \ Straps of focal pstorjr. REMINISCENCES OFYORK. ! BY Dr. MAURICE A. MOORE. From the Yorkville Enquirer. J 870. In 1822 or 1823, Paddy Carey came from Rogersville, East Tenne.ssee, to Yorkville. He was a printer, and was brought on to South Carolina by Rev. Robert Davis, to print the "Lectures on the New Testament," written by his father, Rev. Wm. C. Davis? the founder of the sect called Independent Presbyterians. After his residence for a while in Yorkville, Carey conceived the idea of publishing a weekly newspaper, as a private enterprise, for at that time there was rio paper printed in the State, above Columbia. The undertaking was generally encouraged and promised to be a success. Carey got up a subscription list, fixing the price of the paper at three dollars per year, to which many readily signed their names. There was 1_ i-L -i.. ~i x xi mucn ueuaie auuub ine uiuiie, v/iwey turning ind rejecting suggestions of different appellations, until he made it quite a village topic. We all thought he had decided on calling it "The Spirit of '76," when lo! one morning "The Pioneer" surprised us by its modest presence ; and all had to confess the suitability of its title and a good omen af its futurity, Carey having begun with 50 happy a hit. The first issue wis about the size of a foolscap sheet of writing paper. The type was set by a little boy named Smith. The other hands were too busy about the book to be able to spare time for this new work. It grew in size gradually, and in its maturity was a paper of respectable dimensions and much merit. James Edward Henry, after its enlargement, became a valued contributor to the Pioneer's 3olumns. His was "the pen of a ready writer," and his articles much enhanced the popularity of the paper. One of his stories: 'Alyra Cunningham, a tale of the Revolution," was a pleasant little nouvelette much idmired, and ran through number after number for several months. However, one if his best pieces almost got Carey into a serious scrape. The relation will serve to show how well Maior Henry painted everylay pictures, and now much human nature is alike the world over. On the Fourth of July we had a ball in Torkvile. It passed as sue' Jiings usually io, with its modicum of compliments and juts?a pleasure to some, a disappointment to others, and it was over; but the next issue of the Pioneer had "A Description of a Fourth of July Bail," under the new and singular non de plume of "The Wasp;" and it bad a sting, for it was surely "our ball" depicted. Home actors were certainly drawn; ind so well, too, the take off could hardly ae called a burlesque. "Maj. Doublehead," was undoubtedly meant for Major Darwin; 'Becky Biter" was a true portrait of one of jur village beauties, whose tongue, alas! many of us knew to our cost, "cut like a two?dged sword." The Misses Eggleston, admirable young ladies, was a deserved cornpi imeut to the Misses McMahon; as too, was the description of an accomplished young gentleman of very fine manners and appearance, which was certainly Donom witherspoon. "Mr. Fudge," was Charley Coggins, and no one hesitated, it was so plain who was meant, to say that the vinegar faced little girl described as "Betsy Cruit," was Miss Betsy Chambers. "As jood a little thing, if she was sour looking," incle Ben Chambers swore, "as was in town," and no one could put her derisively in the papers with impunity?he'd break 3very bone iu Carey's trifling carcass." Carey had put forth one wasp and found himself in a nest of them. More than one individual went to ask him what he meant oy jpersonalities so pointed. In vain he declared the article was sent to him two weeks before the ball, and he had delayed its publication. He got no credence. The verdict "was that he was lying out of the matter." In the midst of this "tempest in the teapot," a gentlemen from Chester rode into town. In giving the news of the day from Chester, he mentioned that the Pioueer had been received a little while before he left, md the people were quite indignant over a description it contained of their "Fourth of luly ball." He then began to enumerate the different individuals with whom Carey bad taken the unwarrantable liberty of ihowinff un in a ludicrous liedit to the nub lie. Chester, too, had "Maj. Doublohead," ;iMr. Fudge," and "Miss Beckey Biter." rhe excitement at hand began visibly to :lecline. We were forced to subside and believe Carey's statement, and felt very sheepish that we had been fitting caps on our neighbors. "O wad some power the giftie gie us To see oursels as others see us!" Carey, fortunately, had dodged Ben Chambers until the denoument, and saved sore bones if not broken ones. Paddy Carey was fond of his cups. Alas! they wrought his ruin, and over them he was apt to grow pot valiant. One night Darey and Abernathy were in Joe Martin's office. A decanter and glasses had been put down on the table, and as they socially Irank, they busily talked. From their accounts, they certainly had not held the doctrine of Hudibras, that "He who lights and runs away, Will live to light another day for Carey told of a difficulty he once got into while he lived in Tennessee. It was during the war of 1812?he said?a recruiting officer was stationed at Bodgersville, and some men he had were a good deal disposed to bully the citizens. One day three of them? Darey said?got into a dispute with him, tried to "hector" it over him, but he told them he was not a man to take anything off of any man, much less their insolence. With that, one of them made at him, and? Darey said?he just took him a cuff on the I butt of the ear with his fist that made him turn a somersault equal to a circus man. Another of them came at him and he gave him such a blow in the chest that he didn't [lraw a long breath in a week. The third soldier, seeing his comrades getting such rough handling, sprang to aid them, but? Carey said?he boxed him right and left till j he learned him manners to his betters. "They" were all?concluded Carey?"bigger, heavier men than I was, but J. taught them a lesson that day, I don't think they forgot soon." Abernathy said that Carey's fight reminded him of one he had about the same time. He was in service?he said?in the war of 1812, and part of the time, or. duty at Point Peter, Georgia. While there he got into a row with some sailors. There were four?he said?in their party, and he was alone. They all came at him at once, but he clubbed his gun and knocked two into the I sea ; but his gun breaking in two, he dropped the pieces and caught one of the other sailors by the throat with his left hand and choked him into an appoplexy, and with his right hand gouged the other follow till he cried "'nough" in ri?;ht good earnest. Joe Martin listened to these tales of remarkable prowess in silence. Not having linun in fht? uror ho Vmrl nnnirlit fn them. Suddenly he jumped up, anu going [ to his desk and opening it, took out a dirk, | stuck it hurriedly in the breast pocket of; [lis coat as if concealing it, but carefully | leaving the handle exposed to the view i of the two worthies at the table. Then he walked with decisive tread across the room to the door and locked it. and ; turned and a'dvanced to the table. As he : :lid so, Carey and Abernathy, .who had I watched him with growing apprehension, I isked simultaneosly, "what do you mean, ' Joe?" "I mean to dirk a little," said Joe, i vehemently, with the same breath blowing 3ut the candle. Carey forthwith got under : the table by which he sat, and Abernathy j found his way to an open window and utnped out into the street. Joe had his est, so he quickly relighted the candlle and ran to the window to call Abernathy back, for Mrs. A. was a termagant and Joe was afraid of her tongue, but he could not get Abernathy to come. "Oh!" said Joe, "it was all in fun, Abernathy?nothing but J a joke; come back, come back." "Joke, | indeed," said the ci-bevant sailor, "if it had not been for the cabin widow, blast my eyes,but you would have had my light out." Carey emerged from the cover of the table rather crest-fallen, and ever after was not apt to boast of deeds of valor in the presence of Joe Martin. The publication of the Davis MSS. was interrupted by the death of Rev. Robert Davis. to whom his father had given the copy- [ right; but Carey's newspaper still gave I him an occupation in Yorkville. His career, however, was down ward. Yielding to ; a fatal love of drink, frequent and disgraceful scenes of debauchery sank him below all ( former associates. His wife, worn out with his dissipation and worthlessness, left hira and went back with her children, to their friends in East Tennessee. She afterwards ' joined the Shakers, and gave her children to : the care of relatives while she devoted herself to her sect. In 1845, Carey, too, left Yorkville, to return to his native State, and further I know no trace of him. "Oh! that men should put an enemy in Their months, to steal nwav their brains." Carey, in his day, did a good work in York. The enterprise begun by him has been well sustained by others. York has always had good reason to boast of her "Weekly." It is with prideful satisfaction I undo the ample folds of her paper, so superior in its size and style to those of our other up-country towns, and not excelled by any sneet in the State. "Truly, the "spirit" of Carey's little Pioneer has been given in a "double portion" to the Yorkville Enquirer. My friends, you who, week after week, have read a Septuagenarian'sreminiscences, and hearkened to my tales, will meet me in the Enquirer no more. I have done. The scraps?historical, anecdotical and biographical?I essayed, are ended. Hundreds of others crowd to mind, but I fear I shall grow wearisome. If I have given the pleasure I have received in reviving old memories, I am happy. In naught have I thought to offend. Truly, all was written in love. The old man of three-score-tenand-five has brought back the days when the rosy coloringof youth tinged life. Now twilight falls, the "windows are darkened" as I look out on it in shades, and though by reason of the "great strength" given me I still am here, ere long the genial warmth that lingers around my heart and throbs, will be chilled, stilled and silent forever! Hydrophobia.?M. Pasteur, who has already made so many valuable discoveries in connection with diseases that are propagated by germs, has, in his own name and that of his assistants, MM. Chamberlan and < Roux, communicated to the French Academies of Sciences and Medicine the results of his experimental inoculations with the virus of rabies. Pie finds that the virus may remain in the nervous tissues without : manifestation for three weeks, even during ; the summer months. Virulence is manifest not merely in the nervous tissues, but in the parotid and sublingual glands. The granulations observed in the fourth ventricle, when in a state of virulence, are finer than ( the granulations in the fourth ventricle when in a healthy state, and they can be colored by means of analine derivatives. The virus ( of rabies injected into the veins or beneath the skin produce paralytic rabies, while inoculations into the spinal cord of the brain produce the paroxysmal form. Inoculations with quantities of the virus too 'Small to be effective, have no preservative influence against subsequent inoculations, whether the virus is propagated by means of the nervous tissues or by absorption through the surfaces of the wound, has not been ascertained. Finally, the experiments have shown that the protective "attenuation" of the virus is possible. The energy , or the nature of the virus varies in each species of animals. By passing the virus through different animals, "cultures," or .varying qualities of virus, are obtained, whose preciseeffect^can be predicted. Thus a "culture" has been obtained which certainly kills a rabbit in five or six days, and another which certainly kills a guinea-pig in the same time. Other things being equal, the virulence varies inversely with the durtition of the incubation. M. Pasteur and his assistants have good reason to believe that by means of a special culture they have succeeded in making twenty dogs absolutely proof against rabid inoculations. M. Pasteur, with his usual caution, asks for a little longer time before finally pronouncing on the condition of the dogs in question. To devise means of making the dog proof against rabies is, of course, to devise a means of almost certainly preserving man (including children) from this ' r\ nAM/1 m 4/w IC! til ? lrigiiuui uiquiuci j ii7i ujuiupnuuiu 10 ai most invariably communicated to man and other animals by the bites of rabid dogs.? Chambers' Journal. Insomnia.?Dr. F. L. Oswald says in the Popular Science Monthly: The proximate cause of sleeplessness is plethora of the cerebral blood-vessels, and a palliative cure can j be effected by anything that lessens the ten- , dency of the circulation toward the head. ' But a permanent cure may require time and patience. By night-studies brain-workers sometimes contract chronic insomnia in that worst form which finds relief only in the j stupor of a low fever, alternating with consecutive days of nervous headaches. Deforming topers often have to pass'through the same ordeal, before, the deranged nervous system can be restored to its normal , condition. Fresh air, especially of a low temperature, pedestrian exercise, and an aperient diet, are the best natural remedies. Under no circumstances should sleeplessness be overcome by narcotics. An opium , torpor cannot fulfill the functions of refresh- , ing sleep; we might as well benumb the patient by a whack on the skull. Chimneys.?In the year 1200, chimneys were scarcely known in England. One only was allowed in a religious house, one in a k/mtnn am/1 /mn i n f ba n-nnof boll r\f* o iijuuui uuusc, auu unc 111 ui^ \jx <i castle or lord's house ; but, in other houses, the smoke found its way out as it could. The writers of the fourteenth century seem ; to have considered them as the newest invention of luxury. In Henry VI I's reign, the University of Oxford had no fire allowed ; for it is mentioned that, after the students had supped, having no fire in winter, : they were obliged to take a good run for half an hour to get heat in their feet before they retired for the night. Holinshed, in the reign of Elizabeth, describes the rude- ; ness of the preceding generation in the arts of life. "There were," says he, "very few chimneys; even in the capital towns, the fire was laid to the wall, and the smoke issued out at the door, roof or window. The houses were wattled and plastered over with elav. and all the furniture and utensils ( were wood." In 1689, a tax of two shillings i was laid on chimneys. The Bottom Sliding Down.?The Mississippi is said to be subject to anew danger. Its bottom is said to be moving toward the ' Gulf of Mexico. Of course not the bottom for the entire length, but the ooze and mud for many hundreds of miles is sliding down, as it were, and making the river shallower : at its outlets. Should this continue, and man be unable to control it, the river would in time beconfined, as banks would be formed at its mouth. This would make a great i lake out of portions of Louisiana and Texas, i Of course new outlets would be formed, but < in the meantime vast changes would occur ! in the Mississippi valley. Greatcities would 1 be submerged. Lakes larger than Superior i or Ontario would cover regions now occu- ' pied by farms and towns. Still this need j 1 not concern the present generation. It will 11 take many hundreds, if not thousands of I years to effect these alterations, and then, ] perhaps, mechanical science and human re- i sources may be so developed as to enable man to overcome, or at least modify, the | slow operations of nature.?Denwreaf, i Ipscellaneottsi fUading. For the Yorkville Enquirer. THE TEMPLE OF MYSTERY. BY INGO.VAK. FIRST NIGHT. 'Tis now the mystic witching hour when powers of earth and air conspire?when Fays and Gnomes and Ghouls most dark iloth cut "high jinks"?go on a "lark;" but is the crew I now espy to watch their movements I will try: I'll track them to their hiding place, disguise myself and mask my face; Dut while I thus commune with self I'm startled by the touch of Elf, who says? 0 Youth, pray come with me,?come to the Halls of Mystery. And now thro' air we're floating 'round 'mid hoot of owl and dismal sounds that issue from dark goblins dread as thro'the air by Elves I'm led. Whilst traveling round from "West" to "East," "to-night," he says, we'll hold a feast, for long-sought Youth at last is found, then gently lowers me to the ground. Yonder Temple's where we meet, and mystic crew with joy will greet a soul like thine so glad and bright,?asoul that's thirsting for "more light." By hand of "fellow-ship" we'll take, and brother Elf of thee we'Jl make; our secrets all we will impart to "listening ear" and "faithful heart," and saying thus he led the way, then gave "three" knocks, when tyler Fay swung ope the door, and in we go to step of music sweet and low. I should have stated ere we entered, or to the Elves I was "apprenticed," I was securely tied and bound with hempen cord my neck around ; they stripped me naked as when born, coat, pants and shoes were of! me torn, then "hoodwink" tied across my eyes?I swear 'tis true, I tell no lies,?and while I raved and swore and cursed, they left me shivering in my shirt. Red drawers then they put on me, but rolled left leg above the knee; on right foot they a slipper put, but naked left my poor left foot; my left breast and left arm were bare, which then to me seemed rather queer, and as I entered there was pressed a compass point 'gainst my left breast; and thus 'mid shame's suffusive glow?they led me round with "cable-towthey led me round that woeful nierht from "West" to "East" in search ol "lightthen at an altar made me kneel, where Bible's pressure 1 did feel upon the palm of my left hand, on top of which I placed right hand ; I felt a compass and a square, and wondered much what they did there, but Elfin said, these jewels rare are used "apprentices" to swear; then fearful oath they made me take that made my soul with terror quake; it's nature I will tell to thee when treating of the "third" degree? for Elves, like mortals, have degrees, and classify their mysteries. And now I stray thro' Mystery's Hall, where mystic mystery shrouds with a pall the doings done in secret there?doings whereon no light doth glare, but all's enshrouded with thegloom that wraps the lone and silent tomb. As thro' the Temple now I stray, kind Elfin "Boaz" leads the way: v;if h "pnnfinn" ho npur rmrop <rnvp mp iinrl "Il'" vtvw"v/" ?,v "v" &4"'w *"v: ?? round my neck hung jewels three; with "faithful heart" ancl "listening ear," and other precautions which seemed queer, as to his arm I fondly clung he led me round with "silent tongue;" and then to please inquiring youth he gave me "checkword" precious "truth." To "Jachin" now he turns me o'er the Middle Temple to explore; I pass the door with a "shibboleth" that's given to me in bated breath; and square's sharp angle is now pressed against my trembling bare right breast. Then chamber round is shewn tc me for sake, he says, of letter "G," which now denotes the Deity as once it did geometry. But difference here I do not see between the "first" and this "degree," but Master Elf says compass point on top o! square extendso^ejoiut, whilstin the "first" both points were under; I look and find 'tis so, by thunder. This indicates, young Elfin bright, that we have given you "more light." Now working tools I'll give to thee with which to work in this degree; they are the plumb-line, level, square, and if to be true, Elf, you dare, these emblems should thro' peace and strife shape all your work as well as life. Three jewels also I give thee, they are Faith, Hope and Charity; now grip my hand, and on third joint of middle finger press the point of your thumb nail, young "fellow craft" (be sure you ne'er extend the left), then whisper "Jachin" in the ear as I do now, and have no fear, for 'tis to ears ol Elves most dear. 'Tis thus we do when on a "lark" in broad daylight or in the dark, and cowans never understand the use we rn nf Aiir ni rrK f Konrl riAfrnnnf flin Vltrno lliaivu v/l UUI i. 1^111/ 1 J Ci IX V.4 U V ^ l U VV U1IU iJl T VU] don't look so daft, convince them you have joined the craft. I do look daft, for feeling cold creeps up my sleeve?I feel I'm sold. I came for knowledge, wisdom, light, and naught I've got but cold and fright; the Elves were poking fun at me whilst they withheld their mystery; but as I came in quest of "light" I'll range the Temple thro' all night. The "Sanctum" now I do invade for solving mystery is my trade. With "Tubal Cain" I take the rounds'mid frightful noise and dismal sounds and dire confusion which doth tell some sad calamity hath befel; and as I list there's wailing sound for Elfin "Hiram" can't be found. Now all's confusion and distress, no draft is found, and none can guess what work by Elves should now be done in absence of the "Widow's Son for Widow's .Sons 'mong Elves are found, strav waifs on Hallow E'en when found are uy i-iiu J'jiven uji/ umiii^, miu imun tu earth ne'er make their way, but in the Ilalls of Mystery dwell, where mystic mystery weaves its spell, and Princes oft those waifs become, as did "Abiff" the Widow's Son. A council's held?inquiry made?the roll is called, but some evade their names to answer, and in fright at "low-twelve" they do take to flight. Embargo's on the shipping laid, gloom shrouds the Elves, they're sore afraid of some foul wrong to Hiram done. Thro' east, and west, and north and south, the Elves in search are now sent out; they search but in the country round of Hiram they no tidings found: A second, third time, now they go, and search the country to and fro; but with fatigue they are oppressed and sit them down awhile to rest. And while on Mount Moriah's hill ; where gloomy thoughts their minds did fill, a sound was heard from out the gloam of cavern deep?a wailing moan?and "Jubela" cried?"Woe, alas! Would that my throat was cut across from ear to ear; my tongue torn out; my body buried when tide is out?when tide is at low water mark, ere 1 conceived a deed so dark." Then "Jubelo" exclaimed in grief?for plaintive speech doth give relief,? "O that my right breast hath been torn, my heart and vitals from it shorn, and thrown in vale of J'osaphat as food for beast and vampire bat, ere I conspired to touch or harm the Widow's Son, the Temple's charm." Then "Jubelum" in anguish cried, while echoes filled the cavern wide? "0 that my body had been severed?thrown north and south; my bowels burned, and ne'er in lane or tomb been urned, but to the four winds thrown around, that trace of me r./Mi 1/1 nn'nr ho fnnnd All .Tllllplfl '111(1 -III belo, 'twas I that struck the fatal blow? 'twas I that laid poor Hiram low." The Elves rushed forth, the villains seized, their arms with thongs they tightly squeezed; and prisoners bound to Elfin king the Elves did those three villains bring. The king on them did sentence pass, tho' Mercy wept, and cried alas! but Justice stern bade her not cry, they slew a Prince, and they must die. All three confessed they had conspired?ambition had their bosoms fired, the "Master's word" they longed to get, and had [letermined ere sunset to get the "word" or Hiram kill?that he lay buried on brow of hill; but Iliram told them if they'd wait until the Temple was complete, if worthy found they'd get the "wordto this proposal they demurred, and sohe methistragic fate as he sought egress thro' "east" gate. Neath twij* of 'cassia stuck in ground the jrave of Hiram now is found, but like i ship that's tempest tossed confusion reigns?the "word" is lost and none can , 1 now the body raise. A search is made? s [ they find no "key"?naught but the faint j ( ! trace of a "G"; and now they cry in sad- i i dened tone?"0 Lord, my God, can aught i ! be done ? is there no help for Widow's: < | Son?" And while in grief their arms are ) I tossed, they cry the "word's" forever lost. !. I From "Boaz" touch the flesh doth cleave, 1 to "Jachin's" grip no sign it gives to ani-1 i : mate or cheer the heart: thus while in grief j j they stand apart, the Elfin King comes i | from his throne, and on his breast a jewel ! I shone; with foot to foot and knee to knee, j' in manner known to mystery, breast to j! breast, and mouth to ear?the left hand ] pressed to back with care?on "five points" i . now of fellowship he Hiram lifts with "lion's grip." The "word's" forever lost, says he, but first word spoken now shall be the Elfin's word, and it alone, although that word were?marrowbone! "nmrrn/l marl" T'ua n'pr iinrl tho' heart weary, sick and sore, I crave more "light" from Mystery's fane, and onward?onward press again. A "slippery bank" is now in view, but "Joppa," faith- < ; ful, kind and true, doth give to me a helping ' hand. With fingers locked like iron band " he pulled me up the steep ascent?our fin- gers inward locked and bent: 'tis the "pass1 grip" of the "fourth degree," and a higher grade of their Mystery. I make my way.? now to a "quarry," from whence a curious stone I carry?a stone that's measured by 1 the "square" of Ellin "junior overseer," 1 who says?'Tis neither "oblong" nor yet "square"; square work done alone we here receive, and yet this stone I do believe 1 should not be hidden in the dark?pray ; fellow-craft is this your "mark?" Pass | with the stone to brother "senior",; follow j your guide and fear no danger; but brother ; "senior" sternly cries, while anger flashes from his eyes?Is this your yrork? would ; you impose? and "over the lefP'-the stone | he throws. Meanwhile the Elves are called ; for pay, and I whose work was thrown ; away go with the rest, but lack-a-day. ' when I for pay my hand extend, 'tis gripped like vise by "warden grand" who swears 1 he'll cut off my right hand. "Imposter"^ rings upon the air, whilst in my eye is ' a trembling tear; but intercession's made 1 for me, and I'm allowed for to go free f with admonition from the "Master" 'bout ; "marks" and "tokens" of Elf Master. He gives me now "Siroc"?"Mark-well," which ? Elfin Mark will always tell: a "new-name," 1 too, he gives to me which no one knows save he who sees the circle bright of letters ' eight which 'luminates the Temple's gate, that "Hiram Tyrian Widow's Son sent to" 1 the wise "King Solomon." As we advance from out the dark we in this "circle" make our "mark," and that which once away ' was thrown has now become "chief comer stone." I've "entered," "passed," been "raised," "advanced," know the "perfect points of entrance." On sea of "Temperance" now I ride, with "Fortitude" my course to guide; "Prudence" governs all I say, and "Justice" o'er the craft hold sway; yet w i th ambition's outstretched hand the Elves? ? am,, f*- T itfAnIrl iiAtv>mnn/l i O/M'ionfol'J 111U CI <11 L 1 WUU1U UllillllllllVl. Ill U1IC1IUI1 chair I'd sit ere I the mystic Temple quit. While thus I yearn and round me scan, I feel the touch "from grip to span," and "Giblem" whispers in my ear prepare to seat yourself in "chair." "A threefold cord" is very strong, says Giblem Klf, pray come along; but "lour fold" cord is hard to break, so seat you now in "chair of state." When point ol "compass" first was pressed against your trembling bare left breast; ' when on the "square" you were received we knew that we were not deceived; we 1 knew you'd make an Elfin bright because > you thirsted lor more "light;" and when 1 both compass points were pressed against your bare left and right breasts; when gladness in your bright eyes shone as we received you on "key stone," we ; knew that you the chair would fill with judgment rare?with master's skill. Advance with me?step little faster?the Elves 1 now wait to hail you "Master." i And now when asked to sit in chair, the chair so dearly won, I blushing bow and ' take my seat, and think great honor's done; * but when I would my thanks express to Elfins all around, lo, with a cuff my hat's knocked off, and rolls upon the ground. A very bedlam now ensues, and when 1 "order" cry, an Elfin says with knowing wink, "dost see green in my eye?" Some dance and sing while others shout?"why don't you order keep?" confusion's worse connow nn nrrlor onn T Itppo: for when my "gavei" I do rap, 'tis moved for to adjourn, and when I do the motion put, from out the chair I'm torn. In manner that's undignified I'm rolled upon the floor, and chairs are brandished high aloftall cry that I'm foreswore,?that I myself did obligate a "lecture" for to give ere I ' the Temple's door would close; and long as I shall live that scene shall in my memory be?that wild, disordered scene,?but thank 1 the Lord, I wake at last, and find?'twas but a dream ! [to be continued.] DETERIORATION OF SIGHT. The Science Monthly t*iys: The causes to which this deterioration of eyesight has been attributed are alleged to be cross-lights from opposite windows, lightshining directly on the face, insufficient light, small types, and to the position of the desk, forcing the scholar to bend over and bring the eyes too close to the book or writing paper, etc., etc. But were all these defects remedied, the integrity of the eye would not be restored nor its deterioration prevented. These were , the colors of the'paper and ink. White pa! per and black ink are ruining the eyesight of all reading nations. The "rays of the i sun," says Lord Bacon, "are reflected by a * ? ? ? -1 .1 1 i u - l.i l_ wnice nouy, ana are uusorueu uy a uiuuk i one." No one dissents from this opinion; but, despite these indications of nature and i of philosophy, we print our books and write our letters in direct opposition to the sugi gestions of optical science. When we read a book printed in the existing mode we do not see the letters, which being black, are non-reflective. The shapes reach the retina, but they are not received i by a spontaneous, direct action of that organ, i The white surface of the paper is reflected, I but the letters are detected only by a dis- j s criminative effort of the optic nerves. This effect annoys the nerves, and when long- j i continued, exhausts their susceptibility, the . . human eye cannot long sustain the broad j glare of a white surface without injury. The author of "Spanish Vistas," in Harper'sMagazine, says of Cartegena that "blind t people seem to be numerous there, a fact which may be owing to the excessive dazzle of the sunlight and the absence of verdure." i. Mr. Seward, in his tour around the world,' says "in Egypt ophthalmia is universal," at- i tributing it to the same "excessive dazzle" j of the wide areas of white sand; and the j British soldiers in the late campaign in that I country exhibited symptoms of the same j disease. In the Smithsonian report of 1877, it is stated in a paper on "Color Blindness," that "M. Chevreul has produced 14,420 dis- ; tinguishable tints of the elementary colors, 1 from which the paper manufacturers could select colors more agreeable to the eye than the dazzling white so weakening and lace- : rating to the nerves of that delicate organ." j - - -1 L!.-l J3?.1 i in pursuance 01 mis same suujeci, we una ; the following sensible observations in the : editorial columns of the Columbia Rer/ister, < under the heading of "Shiny Printsi A society has been founded in New York for the purpose of encouraging and elevating i the art of book production. Such an organ- : ization may do much toward the abolish- | merit of certain notorious vices peculiar to American second-class publishing, and can- i not fail to exercise a most beneficial influ- i ence upon American typography in general, i The announcement leads us to comment < upon a few peculiarly irritating facts con- : nected with American publishing enter- 1 prises. 1 One of these?and the worst?is the use, < in book manufacture, of paper with a highly 1 flossy surface. Such prints are excessively i injurious to the eye, and in weak-sighted 1 persons almost unendurable. Paper may 1 lave a highly smooth surface without glossiness ; and indeed the finest plate paper is if this description. But the sniny paper is iltogether unsuited to typography; it takes nk with comparative difficulty, and in jourse becomes spotted and stained scarcely iess than the commonest productions of the A.merican paper mill. Lven when tinted, time pages are painful reading. But when, in addition to being glossy, the paper is so glaringly white, the effect is blinding. Happily, in the finer class of publications, snow-white paper is now almost discarded. Tinted paper is used of various pleasing shades?a natural preference being shown for creams and faint yellow; while in editions de luxe a deeper tint is often selected, with admirable results. The finest specimen of paper chosen for an art publication in recent times is certainly that used for the Cent CheJu-dUmvre, the magnificent work just issued in Paris. The exquisite engravings gain by the tinted background. It is impossible to use such paper in the manufacture of popular books; but it is nevertheless self-evident that glossy paper can be eschewed altogether, and that a tinted fabric can be substituted for that glaring white Which has no doubt largely aided in produc ing ine opnmaimia wmcn scuuui t-nuuicu are Specially liable to. r: Adult persons are less liable to have their ftght injured by bad paper and bad type than children ; but they have much to complain of in this country. The Appletons and the Lippincotts, who issue such a number of indispensable medical and scientific prints, almost uniformly use glossy paper. The treaties on anatomy, physiology and pathology, which are placed in the hands of every medical student, are printed thus; and the result greatly increases the difficulties of study. Even the pages of Wxq International Scientific Series flash like quicksilver. It is a relief to turn to the London prints of Churchill, or Macmillan, after glancing at the American imitations ; the pages seem cold, clear and comforting. Again, many American classical texts, excellent as the typography may be, render study exceedingly trying to the sight, by the gleaming surface of the pages. This subject has not received all the attention it deserves, especially on the part of educational authorities. a western Judge's charge. In a flourishing mining camp known as Chipp's Flat, Sierra county, thirty years ago, the location of the claims and the mining laws adopted thereunder were such that one continuous war of litigation was the result. Two mining companions having f L A rtlmoof imr>AQ_ UUUUlCUUg U1U1U19, nuuiuy nic luuiuou iui|juosibility of settling their disputes by a resort to the District Court, mutually agreed to try their cause before a Justice of the Peace and a jury of twelve miners selected from those having river claims on the Middle Yuba. A. S. McMillan, of Minnesota, the banking and express agent of Langton's express and banking house at Dovvnieville, had been elected Justice of the Peace for the township, including Minnesota and C'hipp's Flat, in 1853. So it was agreed that he should preside, and the trial come off early in the year 1854 at Chipp's Flat. In order that sufficient room should be had for the parties litigant and their friends the billiard and liquor saloon of Paul Copperas (now living at Snow Point, in Nevada county, just a little east of Minnesota,) was chosen as the most spacious building iu town. The trial commenced promptly at 9 o'clock in the morning and occupied tne entire day. Both of the parties litigant had plenty of money ; and each seemed to vie with the other in liberality during the progress of the trial. Lawyers had been provided by ?ir)o tn cnrirlnet the case, and it must be presumed that they felt no interest in putting a stop to the liberality of their respective clients. At all events, frequent recesses of the court were had during that day, of five minutes each, when refreshments would be served, mostly of a liquid character. Justice McMillan was not very erudite in the law ; but if there was one thing in which he exhibited great pride it was to be addressed as "Your Honor," while presiding in acase. Anything more familiar than that always roused his ire. The numerous adjournments which the court took this day had more perceptible effect on the presiding justice than on any one else connected with the case, though champagne and whisky had been freely imbibed all around. Plentv of the substantial in the eating line had also been provided, in order that the ease might be determined at one sitting. The testimony was all in at live o'clock, and the counsel had concluded their arguments at a little before nine. Realizing the fact that many thousands of dollars were involved in the suit, McMillan thought it incumbent on him for the first and last time in his life to deliver a charge to the jury, and did so. By this time the frequent adjournments had groduced a marked change in "His Honor." lis tongue seemed thick and his utterances had no meaning or special application to the case at bar. Upon McMillan stating that such and such were laws for the jury to consider, one juryman, clear-headed and sober, made this inquiry : "Mac, where do you find this law ?" "What is that, sir ?" angrily inquired "His Honor." "I simply want to know," replied the juryman, "where you found that law you quoted ?" "Dash, dash your soul," replied "His Honor." "I'll give you to understand that when I tell you a thing is law, it is law !" Upon this His Honor reached his right hand down to his right hip, where he had a large navy Colt revolver in its sheath, and, drawing it, the juror saw it was no place for him, and he broke for a side door and escaped from the room. As "His Honor" still held the weapon in a threatening attitude, the remaining jurymen thought it would be more healthy to be outside, and so they followed the first juryman. Believing the dignity of the Court to be horribly outraged His Honor followed, threatening dire vengeance upon the whole jury. The ridge between Chipp's Flat and Minnesota at that time was heavily timbered with pine and fir. There was a fiat of about fifty or sixty yards before reaching this ridge and . the jurymen, seeing the irate justice making for them, revolver in hand, at once nroice for the timber, he following closely and threatening death to each and all unless they returned to the court room. But the jury outfooted the Judge and took shelter among the timber. That jury never reassembled to render its verdict. The members of the two mining companies in litigation met that night in a spirit of the best humor (in fact, they had been so all day), talked over the abrubt dispersion of the jury and mutually agreed to divide the mining ground in dispute. And that ended the last litigation on Chipp's Flat.?San Francisco Caff. The Anvil.?Ordinary anvils are forged in six or seven pieces and then put together. Cast anvils are hardened in a float instead of being dipped, and larger sized ones are swnnfr into a tank bv means of a crane. These latter are also frequently cast about a core, which permits them to cool more uniformly. Gold beaters use for an anvil a steel block having a surface about three by four inches in extent. Upon this the gold is reduced to a plate one-sixteenth of an inch in thickness and afterward beaten out on an anvil of black marble. The forms and uses of the anvil are constantly extending in variety and, from the liliputian one of the watchmaker to the great ones used in forging heavy cannon, they are daily growing more busy throughout the world. Many of the common blacksmith's anvils are provided with a second horn socketed upon the break and having grooves upon its upper surface into which horse shoes are driven for the purpose of bevelling the inner surface, so as to prevent "balling" when traveling in snow. The various special forms of the anvil are exceedinly numertms. The progress of machines and the introduction of steam hammers have brought into use in late years enormous anvils weighing, in many cases, several hundred tons.