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/ / lewis m. grist, proprietor, j % fnbcpcnbcnt Jitmilg Utefospaptr i $oi l|c |)romotiim of tljc political, Social, Agricultural aiib Commercial Interests of the Soutl;. j terms?$2.50 a year, ix advance. VOL. 39. YORKYILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, NOVEMBEE 8, 1883. NO. 45. a????? ? ?0fttg. IF If men cared less for wealth and fame, And less for battlefield and glory; If writ in human hearts, a name Seems better than a song and story; If men, instead of nursing pride, Would learn to hate ana to abhor it; If more relied on love to guide, The world would be the better for it. If men dealt less in stocks and lands. And more in bonds and deeds fraternal, If love's work had more willing hands To link this world to the supernal ; If men stored up love's oil and wine, And on bruised human souls would pour it If "yours" and "mine" would once combine, Tlie world would be the better for it. If more would actthe play of life, And fewer spoil it in rehearsal; If bigotry would sheathe his knife Till good became more universal; Tf custom, gray and ages grown, Maa lewer onnu men wj nuuic n If talent shone for truth alone, The world would be the better for it. If men were wise in little things, Affecting less in all their dealings ; If hearts had fewer rusted strings To isolate their kindly feelings; If men, when wrong beats down the right, Would strike together and restore it; If right made might in every tight, The world would be better for it. m Jim Mk THE TORN CLOVE. It was almost 11 o'clock as 1 left my friend Alport's law office, and hurried up town. I had delayed longer than I knew, interested deeply in his account of an intricate will case, in which he was just at that ime engaged. As I now remember, a property of some two millions, held by a residuary legatee, had suddenly been claimed by one who announced himself as the direct heir and devisee, a nephew of the testator, who 1?'' linnwl fVrvin fnr SPVPrnl vPiir? IUIU nut UCC1I ll^aiu uvm wv . V.?. J Alport deemed the fellow an impostor, and although his story had been well told, and his pl$n of action well laid throughout, my friend thought he had secured proofs of'its falsity. In fact, he had a bundle of papers containing the positive proof that Neil Harcourt was not Neil Harcourt, nephew of old Duncan Harcourt, testator; and it was his explanation of this case that rendered me so late on my up town journey. As I hurried onward, mechanically, my hand sought my pocket for a cigar, and finding none?a most unusual condition of things?I glanced about for a place where I could purchase some. Just down a side street, a light struck my eye, and moving toward it, I found a smail but neat cigar store, waited upon by a girl. I entered, threw down my money, and called for cigars. The waitress, or shop girl, was evidently on the point of closing, for one light was already out, and she wore her hat and shawl; more than that, as she placed a handful of regalias before me, I noticed that she had also drawn on her gloves, and that one, upon her left hand, had been partly torn across the palm, and neatly menaett oy uie insertion oi unuuier piece of kid. This trifling incident would doubtless have escaped me, had it not been that the glove was a pale orange in color, whereas the inserted &id was black. I selected my cigars, lit one, and walked out. An hour later, I was at home and in bed. The next morning after, I read at my breakfast table, that Lawyer Alport had been murdered the night before. To say that I was shocked would but feebly express my horror. Alport was a warm, personal friend, my attorney, and a man without stain. His death, in a most natural way, would have been a sad loss to me; to hear of his end by murder, simply paralyzed me. Leaving the table as soon as I could collect my thoughts sufficiently to do so, I at once threw on hat and overcoat, aud hurried down town. My friend's office was in Blank Street, a little off from the main current of travel; but this morning, I found a number of persons gathered about it?neighbors, storekeepers, brother lawyers and police?passing whom I confronted an officer standing guard at the office door. He would have stayed my entrance, but as I handed him my card his face changed. "Major Minton of the detectives?" he said inquiringly. I bowed. The man at once opened the door. "You'll find Captain Boss and another gentleman inside. I presume they will be glad to see you." I entered. As the police had said, I found two detectives?men whom I knew?within. Their story was soon mine. It seemed that Alport had been in his that ? l&rlv had palled in the evening and remained an hour or more; that aftershe had left, his light continued to burn a long time?until morning probaably?and that it was not until some important client opened the unlocked door, about 9 a. m., that the death of the attorney was known. He lay dead in his office chair, when found; a thin, foreign-looking knife was sticking in his heart. Evidently he had been struck unawares; there had been no struggle, but little blood, and no robbery that the officers could discover. Nor was there any clue remaining. Evidently the woman had killed him, though why, was as yet unanswered. No one knew the woman. "But the reason?the motive?" said I. "Surely there must have been one. If we can find that, we may have a clue to the criminal. Without it, everything is in the dark." "True," replied Ross; "but the motive is just what pu/./.les us. It evidently was not robbery, as his watch and money were on his person when found." "Hold!" said I with a sudden thought. "Might not he have been robbed of papers?" "Yes; but what ones? How do we know what document he had ?" A new idea had come to me. 1 began at once to search for the papers which Alport had read to me two days before?the proofs in the llarcourt case. They were gone, but I found in their stead, lying among letters and legal litter in his waste basket, a torn glove, bloody, and mended across the palm with a bit ot black kid. 1 drew lr out witn a snout. "He was robbed of some important papers that he showed ine only night before last," said I, excitedly, "and the person who killed him w.ore this glove!" "A cluecried Captain Ross, as he reached for it. "Ntf, my friend!" said I. This is my case now. Alport was my attorney; ami, now that I have one end of the thread in this case, I propose to follow it out. The honor shall be yours, but the revenge must be mine. Leave the matter with me three days. At the end of that time, I'll either give you the criminal, or turn you over all my proofs, and give it up." Ross at once agreed to this plan, and my friend's body having been removed, and a coroner's jury having rendered a decision of "death by the hands of some party or parties unknown," the case was for three days in my sole care. i naturally felt certain that I had the right clue?the missing papers and the tori glove?but I knew my business sufficiently well to understand that I could neither walk into the cigar store where my sup posed murderess was and arrest her, noi was it at all likely that I could bluff 01 frighten her into confession. Moreover, 1 wished to know tirst why she would hav< cared for those missing papers. That afternoon 1 strolled to the ciga I store. An elderly German was behind the [' j counter. In the evening, I tried it again, i No girl was to be seen. I determined to learn something of her. ! 1 entered and bought some cigars. "Keep the store alone?" said I, casually, | as I lit my cigar. j, "Yaw." "Trade good?" "Yaw." j "You ought to have a pretty girl to help , you catch the young fellows' trade." | "Yaw." j * I turned and walked away. Nothing to ! c j be made there. I watched the store until it closed, and ;, I half the next day. Then I was rewarded, j t j At about noon, a girl entered, laid aside her l ! hat and cloak, and took her place behind j | the counter, while the man went away, c j When he was well out of sight, I dropped i in and did a little trading. i It was the same girl, a little nervous, I j ! told myself. I watched her until the store closed; then < followed her as she hurried homeward. She t lived two miles away, near the river shore, i in a small, old tenement house. She climb- i ed to a room near the roof. I followed all ? the way, stumbling in the uneven halls, g but looked upon, doubtless as a new tenant c a little off. 8 The girl entered the room, locked the c door, and then I heard the voice of two ( . talking. Evidently she was conversing t j with a man. s I made friends with a half boozy bachelor 1 on the floor below, and found from him r that the. girl was an old tenant, but the man r had recently arrived who occupied a room ] next to her, and was called her brother. c I waited all night just across the street ? from the tenement house. ? Eearly in the dusky dawn, I saw a man c steal out. I followed him. ^ He went straight into the country; walk- t ing fast and covering nearly five miles be- ? fore sun-up. I followed all the way, not c near enough to cause suspicion, but near 1 enough to watch. p At last the fellow turned into a piece of j woods. I hastened, and just as he entered s the grove, I saw him not faraway, bending t over a little fire. ? As he heard me coming, he looked up a hastily, hesitated a moment and then turn- l ed and ran. At first I was impelled to fol- a low, then something at the fire caught my -v eye, and I paused. Papers.were burning, s tyUiCKiy aciiing uic uuiiuic?im auv.ii ik r provecl to be?1 managed to extinguish it, r while still a considerable portion remained t unconsumed. 1 opened it. There were all t the papers and proofs in the Harcourt will r case?the identical papers stolen from Alport ? on the night of this murder. My heart c bounded. It was the third day, but the scent was very warm now. t . I returned to the city with all haste, but r by another road, and at noon was at the r cigar store. The girl appeared, and the Ger- c man disappeared. t -"Supplied with the torn and bloody glove, I a awaited my chance, and when the store f was empty, I entered. Having first pur- t chased a cigar, I came close to the girl, and t said in a low tone: "Is this your glove ? I t saw you wearing it a few nichts ago," at r the same time presenting to her the kid, c stained as it was. c The girl turned fairly livid, gasped a little, then whispered. L "Where did you get it?" c "In the same office where those papers c were stolen, and Lawyer Alport was mur- j dered, three nights ago!" I answered. I The poor thing uttered a single moan, and (] would have sunk to the floor, if I had not 1: caught her. A glass of water stood upon a t shelf. I threw part of it into her face, t Slowly she opened her eyes. s "Who are you ?" she whispered hoarsely, t I opened my coat, and showed a star, t She uttered a low shriek. o "A detective! He is lost?lost!" c 1 n r . u:t "luy guuu giri, sum x j u i? ucsi xui v you, and him, too, to tell me the whole a truth. Shut the shop, and come with me." 2 She obeyed me unhesitatingly, and I led g her to my own office. There, in the pres- ^ ence of a brother officer, she told me the \ whole story. v She was the wife?sad fate! of a gambler, o who had sought to personate the lost heir of r the Harcourt estate. So well had he sue- X ceeded, that when Alport began to make li trouble for him, he determined to get rid of p Alport and his proof at one blow. Dressed \ in his wife's clothes, he had visited Alport's office and killed him, then stolen the de- n sired papers. The torn glove he had doubt- i less found in the pocket of his wife's dress, a and used it to wipe some slight stain from s his hands, and then carelessly dropped it in li the waste basket. The papers he had taken o home, and afterwards carried away to de- e stroy. He passed as his wife's brother, j: where they lived. She had known of the e murder after it was committed, but not be- r fore. t 44 Why did you not tell when you saw what o the man had done?" said I, sternly. 44 Why n | did you seek to help him conceal his crime?" e She looked at me a moment, with wide t ! open eyes ; then a great fear overspread her li J face. "Gentlemen, I did not dare to. He threat- s j ened to kill me if 1 even spoke to him of it." \ Three hours later, Leonardi Giotti, the (J ; husband, was in our hands. A full blooded j. Italian, with an English wife ; a desperado, v j if ever there was one ; a coward, but a re- c ! vengeful dog. ^ As we led him away from the examinaI tion, where he refused to answer a single ? question, and his wife had told her story j again as she tolcl it to me, lie asked leave to t. speak a word to the woman. It was grant- < ' ed, and he drew near to her. Hut even as i he spoke, he suddenly raised his manacled j ! hands and struck her such a blow on the r ! head, that the poor thingsunk to theground ^ j without a moan, blood streaming from ber H j face, while the miserable brute turned away t I with a sneer. t , "She'll not blab on me again!" i Indeed shedid not! He was found guilty \ , of murder, and hung, within three months, v i and his poor wife died within the year, j , from the effects of his cruel blow. * r Ax Outfit.?People of thisday would be i greatly interested if they could be brought \ to imagine clearly what was considered an i j outfit for a daughter in the olden time?not ^ so olden, either, after all. Whatever else 51 - the daughter might have, there would be in f ' the foreground a pair of cards and a spin- 1 1 ning wheel. Sometimes the outfit would I ! consist of a bed, a coffee pot, a skillet, a cow < ' and a calf in addition, but the cards and the I ' I spinning wheel would be foremost. Hut ( , I gradually these latter articles have been al- 1 J most wholly dispensed with, and now it is f | not frequent that we hear the hum of the 1 I spinning wheel, or the raking sound of the ?' 1 cards. Machinery has come iii and the pic- j j ture has been changed, all within twenty- r j five or thirty years. I It would be quite interesting to some of 1 j our young people of this day to witness a 1 ! tableau faithfully representing the olden t i time, when there were no cook-stoves and ( ! no sewing machines or reapers, and every- * thing was done by hand. 1 > ..1 tww... 4.x** UZ~\**.4- 1 \> e SIlilll uiwn^ s lutvi; liic lii^mrnt umiicvi i ' for those old-time people \ylio taught their ' ' daughters to spin and weave, and cook and < ' do whatever was necessary to make home ' independent and comfortable. Of course 1 there was no great amount of learning, but * ' we rather suspect that these good old people 1 i had the true wisdom which they drew from t ' the only true Hook of the world, and what ' they lacked in knowledge of the outside 1 - world they made up in knowledge of the * inner self.?Greensboro Workman. ( ? < i Increased Postal Needs ok the < South.?It is an excellent sign of the 1 r growth of the South that it leads the West i - in the number of new postottiees gained 1 r during the past year. The gain for the 1 r Southern States and Indian Territory was j t 72o; for the West 580; for the Pacific Slope i i 0s. The Middle and Eastern States gain i very few postoffices, and Connecticut loses < r one. jftlisrrUaupous flradittg. . THE OIVIL KKiH'fS DKCI.SIDNC ME TEXT OF JUSTICE MtADLEY'S It EC EXT OPINIO X. The following is a revised copy of the jpinion recently delivered in the United states Supreme Court, in the civil rights ;ases: After quoting the first two sections of the j \ct and stating briefly what he understands | x) be their purport and effect, Justice Brad- j eysays: "Has Congress the constitutional' jower to make such a law? Of course, no : >ne will contend that the power to pass it ,vas contained in the constitution before the idoption of the last amendments. The jower is sought first in the 14th Amendment, rhe first section, (which is the one relied m,) after declaring who shall be citizens of he United States and of the several States, s prohibitory in its character, and prohibtory upon the States. It declares that no State shall make or enforce any law which i ihall abridge the privileges or immunities j ? rt it- - ril.i.. _ 11 I )i citizens 01 tne uimeu ouues; uur siuui my State deprive any person of life, liberty >r property without due process of law ; nor leny to any person within its jurisdiction he equal protection of the laws. It is btate iction of a particular character that is prolibited. Individual invasion of individual ights is not the subject matter of the amemlnent. It has a deeper and broader scope, 't nullifies and makes void all State action >f every kind which impairs the privileges ind immunities of citizens of the United states, or which injures them in life, liberty >r property without due process of law, or vhich denies to any of them the equal proection of the laws. It not only does this, nit in order that the national will, thus de:lared, may not be mere brutim fuhnen, the ast section of the amendment invests Congress with the power to enforce it by approbate legislation, to enforce prohibition, to idopt appropriate legislation for correcting he effects of such prohibited State laws and State acts, and thus to render them effectuilly null, void and innocuous. This is the egitimate power conferred upon Congress, md this is the whole of it. It does not forest Congress with power to legislate upon ubjects which" are within the domain of State legislation, but to provide modes of elief against State legislation, or State acion of the kind referred to. It does not au- , horize Congress to create a code of munici>al laws for the regulation of private rights, >ut to provide modes of redress againsc the iperation of State laws, and the action of State officers, executive or judicial, when hese are subversive of the fundamental ightsspecified in theamendment. Positive ights and privileges are undoubtedly seured by the Fourteenth Amendment, but hov orA ?pr?nrprl hv thr> wa.v nf nrnhihitinn gainst State laws and State proceedings, afecting those rights and privileges, and by he power given to Congress to legislate for he purpose of carrying such prohibition ino effect, and such legislation must necessaily be predicated upon supposed State laws ?r State proceedings, and be directed to the orreetion of their operation and effect. An apt illustration of this distinction may ?e found in some of the provisions of the iriginal Constitution. Take the subject of ontracts for example. The Constitution >rohibited States from passing any law im>airing the obligation of contracts. This [id not give to Congress power to provide siws for the general enforcement of eonracts, nor power to invest courts of the lJnied States with jurisdiction over contracts, oasto enable parties to sue upon thern in hose courts. It did, however, give power o provide remedies by which impairment f contracts by State legislation might be ounteracted and corrected, and this power ras exercised. The remedy which Congress nfn.illtr nmiriflfifl wou thof ?nnt?inorl 111 fhrv VlUiUiJ JM\/ * 1UV-U ?? C?V3 IIIUW VV/Utl?4HVVI 1?? t??Voth section of the Judiciary Act of 178!), living to the Supreme Court of the United itates jurisdiction, by writ of error, to redew the final decisions of State courts, whenever they should sustain the validity f a State statute or authority alleged to be epugnant to the constitution or laws of the Tnited States. But under that or any other nw it must appear as well by allegation as roof at trial, that the constitution had been dolated by the action of a State legislature. Some obnoxious State law passed, or that night be passed, is necessary to be assumed, n order to lay the foundation of any Feder1 remedy in this case; and for the very ufficient reason that the constitutional prolibition is against State laws impairing the bligation of contracts. And so in the presnt case, until some State law has oeen mssed, or some State action through its offiers or agents, has been taken adverse to the ights of citizens sought to be protected by he Fourteenth Amendment, no legislation f the United States under said amendment, or any proceeding under such legislation an be called into activity, for the prohUnions of the amendment' are against State siws and acts done under State authority. An inspection of the law here in question hows that it makes no reference whatever o any supposed or apprehended violation f the 14th Amendment on the part of itntcs. It is not predicated on any such dew. It proceeds ex directo to declare that ertain acts committed by individuals shall >e deemed offences, and shall be prosecuted lid punished by proceedings in the courts if the United States. It does not profess to >e corrective 01 any constitutional wrong omniitted by States. It does not make its iperation to depend upon any such wrong ommitted. It applies equally to cases arisngin States which have the justest laws especting personal rights of citizens, and vh' se authorities are ever ready to enforce Uv . laws, as to those which arise in States hat may have violated the prohibition of he amendment. In other words, it steps nto the domain of local jurisprudence and ays down rules for the conduct of individuils in society towards each other, and iin>oses sanctions for the enforcement of those ules, without referring in any manner to my supposed action of a State or its authorties. If this legislation appropriate for enorcing the prohibition of the amendment, t is sufficient to see where it is to stop. kVliy may not Congress, with equal show of mthority, enact a code of laws for the enforcement and vindication of all rights of ife, liberty and property ? If it is not suplosable that the States may deprive persons >f life, liberty and property, without due irocess of law, (and the amendment itself Iocs suppose this,) why should not Congress iroceed at once to prescribe due process of aw for the protection of every one of these undamental rights in every possible case, is well as to proscribe equal privileges in nns, public conveyances and theatres ? rhe truth is that the implication of power o legislate in this manner is based upon the issumption that if States are forbidden to egislate or act in a particular way on a pari'mmI.i h onKin/tf on/1 n/wnm* n/\nfAt*i?n/1 iinnn IV 111(11 nuUjV/Ll, (111VI |/V/?VJI ir>U?JUVUVU ujrwu j Congress to enforce the prohibition, this jives Congress power to legislate generally j ipon that subject and not merely power to i >rovide modes of redress against such State egislation or action. The assumption is sertainly unsound, it is repugnant to the lentil Amendment of the Constitution, vhich declares that powers not delegated to he United States by the Constitution nor >rohibited by it to the States are reserved o the States respectively or to the people. Justice Bradley then refers to the fact hat the fourth section of the Act under conadoration, which relates to discrimination >u account of race or color in the selection if jurors has been held by the Court to be onstitutional. He points out, however, :hat disqualifications for service on juries ire only created by State statutes or enforced >y State officers, and says : ''This aspect of the law was deemed sufficient to divest it of uiy unconstitutional character, and ma kes t differ widely from the first and second sections of the same Act which we are now onsidering." He also refers to the Civil Bights bill of April 4, 18fi(>, and shows that that too "is clearly corrective in its charac-1 ter, intended to counteract and furnish re- j dress against State laws and proceedings and customs having the force of law which i sanction the wrongful acts specified." "In this connection," he adds, "it is prop-1 er to State that civil rights, such as are guaranteed by the Constitution against State , aggression cannot be impaired by the wrong- j ful acts of individuals unsupported by State ; authority in the shape of laws, customs, or judicial, or executive proceedings. The ! wrongful act of an individual unsupported ; by the law of a State, is the crime of that individual an evasion of the rights of the injured party, it is true, whether they affect his person, his property or his reputation, but if not sanctioned in some way by the State or not done under State authority, his ! rights remain in full force and may presum-1 ably be vindicated by resort to the laws of i the State for redress. An individual cannot | deprive a man of his right to vote, to hold ! property, to buy and sell, to sue in courts, or to be a witness or juror. He may by force or fraud interfere with the enjoyment of a right in a particular case. He may on oooniilf nrrnuiof i\ni*kiAnc f\f nnni vwniiiiii' tin tvooauic (i^uiiiov jjv. louiiO) vi w?n mit murder, or use ruffian violence at the polls, or slande/* the gbod name of a fellowcitizen, but unless protected in these wrongful acts by some shield of State law or State authority he cannot destroy or injure the right. He will only render himself amenable to satisfaction or punishment, and amenable therefor to the laws of the State where the wrongful acts are committed. Hence in all those cases where the Constitution seeks to protect the rights of a citizen against the discriminative and unjust laws of a State by prohibiting such laws, it is not individual oflonces but the abrogation and denial of rights which it denounces, and for which it clothes Congress with power to provide a remedy. If the principles of interpretation which we have laid down are correct, as we deem them to be, it is clear that the law in question cannot be sustained by any grant of legislative power made to Congress by the Fourteenth Amendment. But the power of Congress to adopt direct and primary, as distinguished from correct-1 ive, legislation 011 the subject in hand, is sought in the second place, from the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolishes slavery. This amendment declares "that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof a party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place sub-1 ject to their jurisdiction," and it gives Con- j gress power to enforce the amendment by I appropriate legislation. This amendment, j as well as the Fourteenth, is undoubtedly j self executing, without any auxiliary legis- j lation, so far as its terms are applicable to j :_ii c ? T},t ;4-n ! liny tiAlftllUg SUllt,- UJ Uil'CUIIISlttlltCS. JJJ 11.1 I own unaided force and effect it abolished slavery and established universal freedom. Still, legislation may he necessary and proper to meet all the various cases and circumstances to be affected by it, and to prescribe j proper modes of redress for its violation in j letter or spirit, and such legislation may be | primary and direct in its character, for the j amendment is not a mere prohibition of! State laws establishing or upholding slave-! ry, but an absolute declaration that slavery j or involuntary servitude shall not exist in any part of the United States. Now, conceding for the sake of argument, j that admission to an inn, public conveyance ! or a place of public amusement on equal! terms with all other citizens is the right of every man and all classes of men, is it any ! more than one of those rights which States j by the Fourteenth Amendment are forbid-; den to deny to any person ? And is the Constitution violatedJjjjtil the denial of the | right has some State sanction or authority ? I Can the act of, a mere individual owner of i an inn, public conveyance or place of amuse-! ment refusing accommodation be justly re- j garded as imposing any badge of slavery or ' servitude upon the applicant, or only as : indicting an ordinary civil injury, properly ; cognizable by the laws of the State and pre- : sumably subject to redress by those laws! until the contrary appears? After giving to these questions all the consideration which their importance demands we are forced to the conclusion that, such an act of refusal has nothing to do; with slavery or involuntary servitude, and that if it is violative of any right of theI party his redress is to be sought under the i laws of the State, or if those laws are adverse ! to his rights and do not protect him his remedy will be found in corrective legislalation which Congress has adopted or may ; adopt for counteracting the effect of State laws or State action prohibited by the Fourteenth Amendment. It would be running the slavery argument into the ground to make it apply to every act of discrimina-! tion which a person may see lit to practice ! as to the guests he will entertain, or as to the people he will take into his coach or cab, or car, or admit to his concert or theatre, or deal with in other matters of intercourse or business. Inn-keepers and public carriers, hv the law of all States, so far as we are aware, are bound to the extent of their facilities to furnish proper accommodation to all unobjectionable persons who in good faith apply for them. If the laws themselves make any unjust discrimination amenable to the prohibitions of the Four- i teenth Amendment, Congress has full power to afford a remedy under that amendment and in accordance with it. When a man has emerged from slavery and by aid of benefieient legislation has shaken off the inseparable concomitants of that state, there must be some stage in the progress of his; elevation when he takes the rank of a mere 1 citizen and ceases to be the special favorite of the laws, and when his rights as a citizen or a man are to be protected in the ordinary modes by which other men's rights are, protected. There were thousands of free colored people in this country before the abolition of slavery enjoying all the essential rights of life, liberty and property the same as white citizens, yet no one at that i time thought that it was any invasion of their personal status as freemen becausej they were not admitted to all the privileges enjoyed by white citizens, or because they were snhieete.fi to discriminations in the enjoyment of accommodations in inns, i?nl?lie conveyances and places of amusement. Mere discriminations on account of race or color were not regarded as badges of slavery. If since that time the enjoyment of equal rights in all these respects has been established by constitutional enactment, it is not by force of the Thirteenth Amendment, (which merely abolishes slavery,) but by | force of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth; Amendments. On the whole we are of opinion that no countenance of authority for the passage of the law in question can be found in either the Thirteenth or Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution, and no other ground of authority for its passage being suggested it must necessarily be void. THE SOUTH CAROLINA SENATORS ON THE j DECISION. In regard to the decision, Senator Wade , Hampton thinks it will practically have no effect on the relations of the white and colored people in the South, lie says : "The colored people have been put on the same footing, politically and legally, as the i whites. All their rights as citizens have been secured and guaranteed. No law can or should fix or deal with social distinctions : which have been and always will be regu-1 lated by society and public opinion. In a; republic, where all are equal before the law, the position that every citizen occupies do- j ponds on education, ability, and, above all, | 011 personal character. Thus the decision of the court, while it will not, I trust, dispose the Southern whites to be overbearing toward the blacks, will tend to spur the latter to greater efforts to make themselves good citizens." In regard to the policy the States i should pursue toward the negroes, Senator j Hampton says: "Accord to the colored people cheerfully all the rights bestowed on them by law ; place before them all means by which they can be educated up to their responsibility as citizens ; let them feel that the protecting arm of the law is over them ; aid them in their efforts to improve them selves, and show them .that we are theii truest friends." Senator Butler agrees substantially witl Hampton as to the proper treatment of the negroes, and the proper course for them tr pursue to secure the fullest enjoyment of al their rights; suggesting that had this whole matter been left to the regulation of thesev eral States after emancipation, the eountrj woidd have been spared all the troubles re suiting from the revolutionary force bills o the reconstruction period, and that the Southern whites, understanding the charac ter and necessities of the negroes, were bet ter able to deal with them in a liberal spirii than outside fanatics. - Rkskkvk PowKit a Xkckssity.?It is 1101 wise to work constantly up to the highesi rate of which we are capable. If the en eineer of the railroad were to keep the speed of his train up to the highest rate lie eoulel attain with his engine, it would soor be used up. If a horse is driven at the toi of his speed for any length of time, he if ruined. It is well to try the power, occa sionally, of a horse or engine. All machinists construct their machines so that there will be a reserve force. If the work re quired.is four horse, then they make a si> horse power. In this case it works easih and lasts long. A man who has strcngt! enough to do twelve honest hours of laboi in twenty-four, and no more, should elo bin nine or ten hours' work. The reserve power keeps the body in repair. It rounds out the frame to full pro portions. It keeps the mind cheerful, hopeful, happy. The person with no reserve force is always incapable of taking on a in more responsibility than he already has A little exertion puts him out of breath He cannot increase his work for an houi without danger of explosion. Such arc generally pale, dyspeptic, bloodless, ner vous, irritable, despondent, gloomy. \Y< all pity them. The great source of powei in the individual is the blood. It runs the machinery of life, and upon it depends ou: health and strength. A mill on a stream where water is scantj can be worked but a portion of the time So a man with little good blood can do bu little work. The reserve power must be stored up in this fluid. "When the reserve power of an individual runs low, it is an in dication that a change is necessary, and tha it is best to stop expending and go to accumulating, just as the miller does when wa ter gets low in the pond. Such a course would save many a person from physica bankruptcy.?Ilerald of Health. Lightning Rod Profits.?"I have seer the time I could make ?o() a day putting uj lightning-rods. Drive up to a house anc talk with a man about rodding his barn, a1 so much a foot, and he would figure that ii would cost, say, ?16, and he would sign ar order. Before the ink was cold I wouk have seven or eight men, with ladders, al over that barn. They would go over it lik( cats on a back fence, and put points on ev ery corner and conductors down every side The farmer and his family would look or in amazement, and be so pleased at the im proved look of the old barn that they wouk not kick at the number of points. Then w< would go off without collecting the bill,anc in about a week our collector would conu along with a bill for ?:187.47 and the far iner's note all signed, and demand the pay The farmer might faint away, but he had tc pay it. Oh, of course, if he seemed hurt we would throw off the odd cents, just tr show a Christian spirit. But the condemn ed newspapers have kept talking aboui highway robbery under the disguise oi lightning-rod peddlers until it is as much as a man's life is worth to go through the coun try on a lightning-rod wagon. Actually they chased me ou t of Dodge county two year; ago with dogs. At least 1 thought they wert after me, but I found out after I got out o the county alive that it was a pock of hound; belonging to Van Brunt, of Iioricon, after t fox. But I want to say to you, in confidence, that when I heard those hounds anc saw tne men on norseuacK no ?uenn u greased lightning ever made better timt than T did with that lightning-rod wagon.' Great Chant;i:s in* tiie Soi'tii.?It i; a fact not generally known, but it is a fact nevertheless, that Georgia and Mississipp are the strictest temperance States in the Union. A gentleman who has spent sever al months in those States, said last evening There are 87 counties in Georgia where f man cannot buy, beg or steal a drink o whisky, and none can be purchased in the State except in some of the larger towns People are fanatical on the subject, and ii Mississippi they have gone to such an ex trenie that they tax billiard tables $l,()0i apiece, under the opinion that they are i device for the encouragement of drinking There are only a lew foreign-born citizen: in the .State, and the native American vot ers enact laws satisfactory to themselves. The evangelizing influence of the cottoi mill and other industrial establishments i: wonderful. me nanus in ine couon mcco ries aro mainly drafted from a class known as "poor whites." The "poor whites" have heretofore had no place and received 1101 the slightest consideration. They were be tween the ruling class and the nogroes, anc were despised by both. Their sons anc daughters have gone to work in the facto ries and are earning more money than the> ever dreamed of. The possession of the small sums they earn as wages has giver them new ideas, and the young boys anc girls are going to school and burnishing iq in a manner that would not have been thought possible ten or even five years ago A new era is dawning in the South.?Lotti* rifle ('ourier-Journal. Wiiat Shk Said.?A rather fast younja man, becoming enamored of a pretty girl finally decided to make her an offer of hi? hand and heart?all he was worth?find thei he hoped to be indulged in loverlike demonstrations, the young lady being so far coollj indifferent in her manner toward him. Mc attributed this to maidenly reserve, for il never occurred to him that-she was not in love with him. lie cautiously prefaced hi? declarations with a few questions, for he no intention of "throwing himself away.' Did she love him well enough to live inn cottage with him ? Was she a good cook and bottle washer? Did she think it a wife'? duty to make home happy? Would slu consult his tastes and wishes concerning hei associates and pursuits in life? Was she economical? Could she make her own clothes, etc. ? The lady said that before she answered his questions she would assure 111111 01 SOIllO negative virtues mii; (iusbotuu She never drank, smoked or chewed ; nevei owed a bill to her tailor; never stayed out all night playing billiards; never stood on the street corners and ogled giddy girls: never stood in with the boys for cigars and wine suppers. "Now," said she, rising indignantly, "I am assured by those who know that you'do all these things, anjl it is rathci absurd for you to expect all the virtues in me, while you do not possess any of them yourself. 1 can never be your wife;" and she bowed him out and left him on the cold doorstep a madder if not a wiser man. ? " ? - JGStf- The origin of the word "tariff" is thusgiven by Trench in his work on the Study of Words: "If you turn to a map of Spain, you will take note of its southern point, and running out into the straits of Gibralter, of a promontory, which, from its position, is admirably adapted for commanding the entrance U1 tilt' ^li;ui Lt'L lilJIL'tlil rift I, tUJll ? V*?v exitand entrance of ships. A fortress stands upon this promontory, called now, as it was also called in the times of the Moorish domination in Spain, "Tarifa." It was the custom of the Moors to watch from this point all merchant ships, going into, or coming out of, this midland sea, and issuing from this stronghold, to levy duties according to a fixed scale, on all merchandise passing in and out of the straits, and this was called, from the place where it was levied, "tarifa," or "tariff," and in this way we have acquired this word." ?t : i ; ?ifl0tapbial fJejiarfment, | | ~~?~ ~~ " , SAMUEL L. CLEMENS. \ " ; "MARK TWAIN." c t j "Mark Twain"?Mr. Clemens is better r : known by his nom de plume than his real a _ | name?was born at Florida, Missouri, on 1 . i the twentieth of November, 1835. When J ?| thirteen years of age he was placed appren- t ' | tice with a printer at Hannibal, and in due s * | time worked at his trade in St. Louis, Cin- i " cinnati, Philadelphia and New York City. 1 ; I In 1855 he assumed the position of pilot on * .; a Mississippi steamboat. Six years later ; he acted as private secretary to his brother, t : secretary of the then Territory of Nevada, i * After this he tried mining for a while, and, c , in 1802, became city editor of a newspaper t T; published at Virginia City, Nevada. His ? . i next move was to .San Francisco, where he N t'[ acted as a reporter on the Morning Call, a s * i ??> II O - | newspaper 111 uuit cny. jus wch-ivuunu <i * j visit to the Hawaiian Island was made in ? (. I 18GG. After spending a few months there . | lie returned to San Francisco, and began to j - j lecture in public. His appearances on the [ J j rostrum in many towns and cities of Cali*! fornia and Nevada were very successful, o With the summer of 1867 came his trip to ' 1 > Fgypt and the Holy Land, which he made ^ i in company with a large party starting from * 1 . Philadelphia. These countries of the East- s ^ | ern Mediterranean presented food for hu- I t i morons observation of which he made abun- t I! dant use in his "The Innocents Abroad." ^ I j Mark is a laborious writer, and produces ? i j book after book with acceptance by readers [ " | on both sides of the Atlantic. He is well fl j known in England, where he lectured many o . j times in 1872 and 1873. His home is at o [ j Hartford, Connecticut, a pleasant liabita; | tion evidencing its proprietor's enjoyment of ^ II omni/i mpiins psirned bv his Den and busi- ii , I r? ? -'! ness ventures. Mr. Clemens is in demand p ' i as an after dinner speaker, upon which oc- v J i casions he invariably produces something 9 shrewd and funny. Whatever becomes of \ i r > the bilk of his fellow-speakers, his is certain ^ to find its way into print. \\ , I J Please Yourself First.?A certain a . j married pair were discussing the propriety 9 J of giving a wedding present the other t 31 evening, and, as might happen in the best J ? j regulated families, failed to agree as to the v CI object and price. The lady desired to send v . i a cut-glass pitcher; the gentleman scoffed L j at this idea, declaring that nothing but * .: silver would satisiy nisiasie. ^vner a very ? I j animated session, which finally terminated F f! in the usual way?tears and cigars?madame 1 , [ said she should buy her own present and > | monsieur might suit himself. The next v ; morning, however, repentance seized both * . j parties, though still sulking with each other, ( ' i and the gentleman, hoping to "make up" ' j with his better half, selected on his way t | down town a gorgeous cut-glass jug, writ- t j ing his wife's best wishes on a card and dispatching it to the expectant bride. An 1 hour later out sallied the wife, only intent 0 on buying what should please her spouse 1 and thus heap coals of fire on his recalci- o J trant head. The result was a costly gold- o : lined silver salad bowl, accompanied by the c best wishes, etc., written on the gentleman's t 1 visitipg pasteboard, which was duly for- c warded to the same address as that of the r : cut-glass jar. At night nothing was said s ! of tliis joint manoeuvre, each one wishing ! to surprise the other by showing the note J of acknowledgment when it should arrive. ' It came in due course of time, but it came i | not alone! The postman brought two notes, i which so bewildered and mystified the re- r eeivers that they indulged in another de- a ! bate that ended even more disastrously s |1 than the first. The lady declares she will c never again make concessions, or wedding v [ presents for that matter, and the gentleman > onirini.. "T+ u'oc in<f lilrp l1 I liiKcn iciugc in nig . i, j?.^v ....^ .a woman!" Moral: Don't try to please r any-body but yourself!?Boston Saturday t ? Erenino Gazette. t i ! * d i Reelting What Has Been Called a , Facts.?"Tell nic some popular errors in re- tl k gard to the microscope." "One very old and one very common one t | is that every drop of water we drink is teem- c ing with animal life. There never was a u greater mistake. It is very rarely, indeed, r in lake water that any animalcule are to be s found. If a little bit of grass or shred of p meat, or any organic matter, be left in water o , for two or three days, there they can be s . found. It is supposed that a peculiar kind a r of organism, like eels, can be found in vine- o i.,. li.ii.L- in tlin nnnn- il k gcir. J.L U\J tliUbdHUJ unvn *** w.?w vUM.. . I, try, where they make vinegar out of an-1 a i pies, and not out of aquafortis, there may be j r { some, but tliey don't seem to thrive in city j . vinegar. Another thing, people think that I ii > hairs are hollow. The liair is no more hoi- j v L low than a fence post, and the coloring mat-1 b : ter, instead of being tilled in a tube, is mixed i i: ; up in the cells of the hair. The mistake I ii . never would have occurred if it had been! recollected that the hair is but a modification t< > of the epidermis. Then there is another 1< t idea that the human skin is as full of pores j ii . as a sponge." o The fallacy of this idea was demonstrated I b by the microscopist taking a slice with a ra-j c zor oil' his hand and putting it on a slide. t< t The reporter was surprised to find that the : , j pores were very scarce indeed, appearing to ; e I be about the fifteenth of an inch apart, j 11 Tiik Lkad Pjixciii.?There is 110 lead J p ' pencil; and there has been none for fifty | o years. There was a time when a spiracle of: u 1 lead, cut from the bar or sheet, sufficed to i h , make marks 011 white paper or some rough-1 1 er abrading material. The name of lead p | pencil came from the old notion that the j si products of the Cumberland mines, England, | o were lead, instead of being plumbago, or i a i graphite, a carbonate of iron, capable of j 11 r leaving a lead colored mark. With the orig- b ; inal lead pencil or slip, and with the earlier ! a i styles of the "lead" pencil made direct from j a ; the Cumberland mine, the wetting 01 me g ! pencil was a preliminary of writing. But ; since it has become a manufacture, the lead i: pencil is adapted, by numbers or letters, to If : each particular design. There are grades of b i hardness, from the pencil that may be cj ?I sharpened to a needle point to one that t( i makes a broad mark. Between the two ex- tl j tremes there are a number of graduations a: ; that cover all the conveniences of the lead T ' pencil. These graduations are made by tak- tl j ing the original carbonate, and grinding it, w j and mixing it with a line quality of clay in 11 ! differing proportions, regard being had to is , the use of the pencil. The mixture is a: | thorough, the mass is squeezed through dies tf | to form and size it, it is dried, and encased in n 1 its wood envelope.?Scientific American. ii MAINE REID IN MEXICO. The castle of Chapultepec, commanding he great road to Mexico, was successfully tormed by our troops on the 13th of Sepember, 1847. Mayne Reid, who died reently in England, was in command of the renadier company of New York voluneers and a detachment of United States narines, with orders to guard ft battery /hich they had thrown up. The morning f the 13th was fixed for the assault. The atteries were ordered to cease firing at 11 'clock and the attack began. Reid and the artillery officers, standing >y their guns, watched the advance of the ine with intense anxiety, which became pprehension when they saw that about ialf way up the slope there was a halt. "I mew," he says in his account, "that if Cha?ultepee was not taken neither would the ity be, and failing that not a man of us night ever leave the valley of Mexicoalive." Asking leave of the senior engineer other to join the storming party with his nen, he obtained it with tne words, "Go, ,ud God be with you!" He was off at once nth his volunteers and marines. After a inick run across the intervening around, hey came up with the storming "party unler the brow of the hill, where it had halt(1 to await the scaling ladders. "At this joint," says Lieutenant Marshall, of the fifteenth Infantry, "the fire from the astle was so continuous and fatal that the nen faltered, and several officers were vounded while urging them on. At this noment I noticed Lieutenant Mayne Reid, >f the New York volunteers; I noticed him nore particulary at the time on account of he very brilliant uniform he wore. He uddenly jumped to his feet, and calling ipon those around to follow, and without ooking around to see whether he was susained or not, pushed on almost alone to the rery wall." Reid's action was not quite so reckless as his account of an eye witness would make t appear. The outer wall of the castle was ommanded by three pieces of cannon on he parapet, which, loaded with grape and anister, fearfully decimated the ranks of he Americans at every discharge. To advance seemed certain death. But death eemed equally certain whether the assailants retired or remained where they were. >uch is his own explanation of his conduct. "Men! he shouted out in a momentary ull of the conflict, "if we don't take Chajultepec the American army is lost! Let is charge up the walls!" . UXl7n nrill if (fntr V U1CC3 tUWW C1CU UC Ulli 11 ?-u ? me will lead us! We're ready!" come on ! 'I'll lead you!" shouted Capt. Reid, as he iravely leaped over the scarp that had tem>orarily sheltered them, and made the charge lready described. There was 110 need, he ays, to look back to see if he was followed, le knew that his men would not have been here unless prepared to go where he led. Vbout half way up he saw the parapet rowded with Mexican artillerists on the ioint of discharging a volley. He avoided t by throwing himself ondiis face,receiving mly a slight wound in his sword hand, anther shot cutting his clothing. Instantly, m his feet again, he made for the wall, 111 ront of which he was brought down by a Mexican ounce ball tearing through his high. All the testimony goes to show that te was the first before the wall of Chapulte>ee. Reid's Lieutenant, Ilypolite Dardonrille, a young Frenchman, mounting the cgling ladders with the foremost, tore down he Mexican flag from its staff. Before that, lowever, Reid was observed by Lieutenant !ochrane, of the voltigeurs. Cochrane was ' ' - ? ? ? Ah ? ??*SiL Lin An nrL An lulling lur nits uusne wnu mo men, nutu iefore him, scarcely ten yards from the wall, ,n officer of infantry and a comrade were hot and fell. "They were the only two at he time," he says in his statement, "whom saw in advance of me on the rock upon vhich we were scrambling." Reaching the vail, Cochrane ordered two men to go hack , little way and assist the ladders up the hill. Is they passed the spot where the wounded ifficer lay he raised himself, with evident lain and sang out above the din and rattle of nusketry, imploring the men to stand firm: "Don't leave that wall!" he cried, "or we vill be cut to pieces. Ilold on, and the casle is ours!" Cochrane answered to reassure him : 'There is no danger, Captain, of our leaving his! Neverfear!" Then the ladders came, he rush was made and the csistle fell. "The wounded officer," Cochrane continles, "proved to be Lieutenant Mayne Iteid, if the New York Volunteers." Lieutenant Marshall, to whom we are inlebted for that vivid glimpse of the young ifficer in "his very brilliant uniform," desribes the effect produced by the exploit?all hose who witnessed or knew of it pronouning it, "without exception, the bravest and nost brilliant achievement performed by a ingle individual during theeampaign." IEDICAL ADVICE WORTH REMEMBERING. If a child is silent, or hangs around its nother to lay its head on her Tap, or is unisually fretful, or takes no interest in its forner amusement, except for a fitful moment .t a time, it is certainly ill, and not slightly o. Send at once for a physician, for you an't tell where or in what form the malady nil break out; and in children especially, 'ou can never tell where any particular ailnent will end. When there is little or no appetite for ireakfast, the contrary having been the case, he child is ill, and should be put to bed, Irinking nothing but warm tea, eating not n atom until noon, then act according to levelopments. If a child manifests a most unusual heariness for supper, for several nights in sucession, it will certainly be ill within a week, nless controlled. If there is an instantaneous sensation of ickness at stomach during a meal, eat not a article more, if just before a meal, go out f doors, and keep out in active exercise for everal hours, and omit the next meal, for 11 these things indicate an excess of blood r bile, and exerciseshould be taken to work t olf, and abstinence, to cut off an addition1 supply, until the healthful equilibrium is estored. A kind of glimmer before the eyes, maktig reading or sewing an effort, however ?*ell you may feel, will certainly be followed y headache or other discomlort, for there s too much blood, or it is impure ; exercise t off in the open air, and omit a meal or two. If you are not called to stool at the accus Dined hour (except when traveling, tnen it things take care of themselves?do noth;ig), eat not an atom until it is done, for loss f appetite, or nausea, or loose bowels, or iliousness, is certainly impending. Exerise freely out of doors, and drink cold wain or hot teas to the fullest desired extent. If there is a most unnatural disposition to xertion, you need rest, quiet and abstience; exercise in weariness never does any ood, always harm. But if causelessly desondent, or there is a general feeling of disDmfort, the blood is bad; warm the feet, nload the bowels, eat nothing for twelve ours, and be out of doors all day. If, without any known cause or special ain, you are exceedingly restless, cannot leep, or if you do, it is dreamy, disturbed r distressing, you have eaten too much, or re on the verge of some illness. Take othing next day but hot drinksand toasted read, and plenty of out-door exercise. In II these cases a thorough washing with soap nd hot water, and vigorous bodily friction, reatly expedite restoration. Chunks of Wisdom.?The importance of ibor should be taught by both whites and lacks. Unfortunately, it is generally the lsethat as soon as a colored boy or girl goes ) school, or to some college or seminary, iiey give up all idea of manual labor, such 3 plowing, cooking, or any sort of service, 'hey and their parents erroneously think ic white people lived and got rich without ork and therefore they (tne negro) ought ot to work in the field or kitchen. The fact i, the only white people who are prosperous nd well off are those who workea hard and lught their children to work. The present lanner of educating the negro is only spoilig him asa laborer or a worker.