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lewis m. grist, proprietor, j $ntre]jcntieiit Jimiln ftetos paper: Jor tjjt promotion of t|e ||oliticaI, Social, ^gricnltnral anir Commercial Interests of Ijit jsonfji. |terms?$2.50 a year, in advance. "VOL. 27. YOEKYILLE, 8. C., THURSDAY, -A.TJG-TJST 4, 1881. NO. 31. Original ?oetrjj. Written for the Vorkviile Enquirer, HOPE IN DESPONDENCY. BY JOB. I sigh for perfection And oft long for rest; But in every direction I behold the oppressed, Who labor in sorrow And grieve much in their shame, While every to-morrow Returns to them their pain. Tears here are e'er falling, And sighs swell every gale, And fears are e'er calling On the heart when hopes fail. Ah ! the best and the purest Are condemned by the mean, While those sunk the lowest Highest exalted are seen. v Is this man's highest end ? Was he formed but for woe? That God's wrath might descend Hissing hot ever more ? On him in affliction, As he toils to be blest, ? And hopes by salvation Ever more to find rest ? No; man never was made E'er to suffer in pain, And his hopes all to fade Out iu darkness again. Nay, the time will yet come When the righteous shall rule, And exact justice be done To king, beggar and fool. Then cry I for mercy, And pray God for reform, And that soon he may be Pleased to send it along, And remove from the earth Every chronic disgrace, And exalt only worth To high honors and place. lite Jdorir leUcr. THE STOLEN NOTET" BY A RETIRED ATTORNEY. Except that he indulged too freely in the intoxicating cup, John Wallace was an honest high-minded and exemplary man. His one great fault hung like a dark shadow over his many virtues. He meant well, and when he was sober, he did well. He was a hatter by trade, and by industry and thrift, had acquired money sufficient to buy the house in which he lived. He had purchased it several years before, for three thousand dollars, paying one thousand down and securing the balance by a mortgage to the seller. 1 -4 4.1 The mortgage note was aimosi uue at me time that the circumstances made me acquainted with the affairs of the family. But Wallace was ready for the day ; he had saved up the money ; there seemed no possibility of an accident. I was well acquainted with Wallace, having done some little collecting, and diawn up some legal documents for him. One day his daughter Anuie came to my office in great distress, declaring that her father was ruined and that they.should be out of the house in which they lived. "Perhaps not, Miss Wallace," I said, trying to console her, and give the affair, whatever it was, a brighter aspect: "What has happened ?" "My father," she replied," had the money to pay the mortgage on the house in which we live?but it is gone now." "Has he lost it ?" "I don't know ; I suppose so. Last week he drew out the two thousand dollars from the bank, and lent it to Mr. Bryce for ten days." "Who is Mr. Bryce ?" "He is a broker. My father got acquaint- i ed with him through George Chandler, who boarded with us, and who is Mr. Bryce's clerk. "Does Mr. Bryce refuse to pay it ?" "He says he has paid it." "Well, what is the trouble, then ?" "Father says he has not paid it." "In/too/t 1 Rnf- thp nnte will nrove that he has not paid it. Of course you have that note ?" "No ; Mr. Bryce has it." "Then of course he has paid it." "I suppose he has, or he could not have had the note." "What does your father say ?" "He is positive that he never received the money. The mortgage must be paid to-morrow." "Very singular. Was your father?" I hesitated to use the unpleasant words which must have grated harshly on the ear of the devoted girl. "Mr. Bryce says inv father was not just right when he paid him, though not very bad." "I will see your father." "He is coming here in a few moments. .1 i thought I would see you and tell you the facts before he came." "I do not see how Mr. Bryce could have obtained the note, unless he paid the mo* iy. Where did your father keep it ?" "He gave it to me, and I put it in the sec-1 retary in the front room." "Who was in the room when you put it in j the secretary ?" "Mr. Bryce, George Chandler, my father and myself." The conversation was here interrupted by | the entrance of Wallace. He looked pale j and haggard, as much from the effects of anx- j iety as of the debauch from which he was i just recovering. "She has told you about it, I suppose," said j he in a very low tone. "She has." I pitied him, poor fellow, for two thousand ; dollars was a large sum for him to accumu-1 late in his littl? busiuess. The loss of it would make the future look like a desert to him. It would be a misfortune which we must undergo in order to appreciate it. "What do you think about it?" asked he ! very gloomily. "1 know he never paid rae. | I was not much in liquor at the time. I re- J member very well'of going home as regular- I ly as ever I did in my life. I could tell how ; I passed the time." "What passed between you on that day ?" ! "Well, I merely stepped into his office ? j it was only day before yesterday?to tell him not to forget to have my money ready for rae bv to morrow. He took me into his back. ; office, and as I sat there, he said he would I get the money ready the next day. He then j left me and went into the front office, where I , heard him send George out to the bank to ! draw a check for two thousand dollars; so I supposed he was going to pay me then." "What does the clerk say about it?" "He says Mr. Bryce remarked when he sent him that he was going to pay me the money." "Just so." And when George came in, he went to the j front office again, and took the money. Then he came to me again, but did uot offer to j pay me." "Hau you the note with you ?" "No. Now I remember he said he supposed 1 had not the note with me, or he would pay it. He told me to come in the next day I and he woulcl have it ready?that was yester! day. When I came to look for the note it could not be found. Annie and I have hunt| ed the house all over." "You told Bryce so." i "I did. He laughed and showed me the ' note with his signature crossed over with ink, and a bole punched through it." It is plain, Mr. Wallace, that he has paid ; you the money as he alleged, or has obtained fraudulent possesion of the note, and intends i to cheat you out of the amount." "He never paid me," replied he firmly. "Then he has fraudulently obtained the I note. What sort of a person is the Chandler who boards with you ?" | "A fine young man. Bless you, he would not do anything of that kind." "I am sure he wouldn't," repeated Annie, | earnestly. "How else could Bryce obtain the note but through him f What time does he come at night "Always at tea-time. He never goes out in the evening," answered Wallace." But father, he did not come till ten o'clock the night before you went to Bryce's. He had to stay in the office to post the books or something of the kind." "How did he get in ?" "He has a night key." "I must see Chandler, I said," "No harm in seeing him," added Mr. Wallace. "I will go for him." In a few moments he returned with the young man. Chandler, in the conversation [ had with him manifested a very lively interest in the solution of the mystery, and proffered himself ready to do anything to forward, my views. "When did you return to the house on Tuesday night ?" I asked him, with the intention of sounding him a little. "About twelve." "Twelve!" t>aid Annie, "it was not more than ten; I heard you." "The clock struck twelve as I turnrd the corner of the street," replied Chandler positively. "I certainly heard some one in the roon? at ten," added Annie, looking with astonishment at the group around her. "We are getting at something," I remarked. "How did you get in Mr. Chandler?" The young man smiled as he glanced at Annie. "On arriving at the door," he replied "I found that I had lost my night key. At that moment a watchman happening along, I told him my situation. He knew me and taking a ladder from an unfinished house opposite, placed it agaici3t oue ot the second story windows, and i entered in that way." "Good ! Now who was it that was beard in the parlor at ten, 'unless it was Bryce or one of his accomplices. He must have taken the key from your pocket, Chandler, aDd stolen the note from the secretary. At any rate, I will charge him with the crime?let what may happen. Perhaps he will confess when hard pushed. Acting upon this thought, I wrote a lawyer's letter?"demand agaiost you," &c.,? which was immediately sent to Bryce. Cautioning the parties not to speak of the affair, I dismissed tbem. Bryce came. "Well, sir, what have you against me?" he asked rather stifly. "A claim on the part of John Wallace for two thousand dollars," I replied, poking over my papers, and appearing supremely indifferent. "Paid it!" said he short as pie crust. "Have you ?" and I looked him in the eye sharply. The rascal quailed. I saw that he was a villain. "Nevertheless, if, within one hour, you do -.1 . x l J J .11 1 not pay me tn.e two tnousanu uuiiars, ami one hundred dollars for the trouble you have caused my client at the eud of the next hour, you shall be lodged in jail to answer to a criminal charge." "What do you mean, sir ?" "I mean what I say. Pay, or take the consequences." It was a bold charge and if he had looked like an honest man, I should not ha;ve dared to make it. "I have paid the note I tell you," said he, "I have the note in my possession." "Where did you get it?" "I got it of course when I paid the?" "When you feloniously entered the house of John Wallace, on the night of Tuesday, February 20, at ten o'clock, and took the said note from the secretary." "You have no proof," stammered he, grasping a chair for support. "That is my look out. I have no time to waste. Will you pay or go to jail ?" He saw the evidence I had was too strong for denial, and I s immediately drew his check on the spot for twenty-one hundred dollars; and after begging me not to mention the affair he sneaked otf. I cashed the check and hastened to Wallace's. The reader may judge with what satisfaction he received it, how rejoiced was Annie and her lover. .Vallace insisted that I should take the one hu dred dollars for my trouble, but I was magnanimous enough only to take twenty. Wallace kept his promise, and ever after was a temperate man. He died a few years ago, leaving a handsome property to Chandler and his wife, the marriage between him and Annie having taken place shortly after the above narrated circumstance oc-1 curred. No Place for Christians.?The Detroit Post says that a circus clown in Virginia took occasion the other day, at the close of the performances, to speak plain and very searching words, which deserve the sober attention of many more than those who heard them. In his painted face and mottled gar-1 raents he said : "We have taken in six hundred dollars here to day ; more money, I ven-1 ture to say, than any minister of the gospel j would have received for a whole year's ser- ! vices. A large portion of this money was given by church members, and a large portion of j this audience is made up of members of the j church. And yet, when your preacher asks j you to aid him in supporting the gospel, you are too poor to give anything. But you ! come here and pay dollars to hear me talk ! nonsense. I am a fool because I am paid j for it; I make my living by it. You profess j to be wise, and yet you support me in my folly. But perhaps you say you did not I come to see the circus, but the animals. If you came simply to see the animals, why did you not simply look at them and leave ? Now, is not this a pretty place for Christians to be in ? Do vow not feel ashamed of your, selves? You ought to blush in such a place as this." ? Seventeen Before Breakfast.?When we hear a man, puffed up with his own truly goodness, express his pity for a poor wretch in a patronizing way, we think of the poor heathen who suddenly discovered that he was a worse fellow than he had suspected. The missionary read to hira the command inents, and to each the heathen responded, "Me guihy." When it came to "Thou shalt not kill," he quickly answered, "Me not guilty." It was a relief to him to know that there was one commandment he had not broken. "But," said the missionary, "not ouly does he break this commandment who commits murder, but he also breaks it who feels in his heart tha' he would like to kill another." "Me kill seventeen before breakfast!" cried the poor man, utterly cast down. THE TEMPERANCE ISSUE. A Movement in favor of Prohibitory Legislation. At a meeting held by the joint committet of the temperance organizations and citizem of Columbia the following address and plac for the calling of a convention was uuanim' ously adopted : To the Citizens of South Carolina : The enormity of the evils resulting from the unrestrained traffic in and the use of intoxicating liquors?evils which affect every class and condition of society, and imperil every interest of our social, moral and political system?has become apparent to every one who has given even a casual consideration to the subject. The Press, thePulpit, the Judges from their high official position, the records of crime and pauperism, the languishing industries and the suffering women and children of our State, Iiopo oil hnrno thoir nnimnonr-linlilp tpntimnnv I U1"v -* ?"v ? j to these evils, aDd io terms of eloquent and indignant pathos, they call loudly tor relief. The powerful appeals from all these sources have not been without good results, and we gratefully recognize that much has been done in awakening the public sentiment to the necessity for efforts to counteract these evils and remove their prime cause. The recent Act of the Legislature prohibiting the traffic outside of incorporated villages and towns has already been marked by the most gratifying results in every coitnty where its provisions have been enforced, and there has followed directly and immediately therefrom, a marked improvement in the moral character and material condition of the community, fully corroborating and confirming the correctness of the policy of prohibition. In no single instance has a body of citizens given expression to a desire that the law of the last legislature should be relaxed or repealed, while on the contrary, so well satisfied are the people elsewhere of the benefits which I result from its enforcement, that in the few cases where its provisions have been evaded or disregarded, there issues an imperative demand for its rigid enforcement, and the law and peace officers have been constrained to pursue the violators to the extreme penalty of the law. It is true, however, that despite the power of law and the appeal to reason aud conscience which have been called forth by the public interest in the subject, both the law and the public sentiment are, in some places, openly set at defiance by the comparatively small class who would make merchandise of human misery and spoil the dearest interest? of human society, if only they may enrich themselves thereby. No license system can be satisfactory, for as long as the law discriminates between one person and another, or one place and another, it is vulnerable to the objection which will always be made against class legislation, and engenders a sympathy with those whose rights are supposed to be invaded, renJ--- ? - *. ;.i. a\ . r* ueriog it uimcuji lo convict mew ui violations where severe pains and penalties would be the result. Besides, the very object of the law?the protection of those communities who approve of and desire its provisions?is defeated by the failure to make those provisions general and uniform over the whole State. The prohibition of the traffic in the country, as is shown from the testimony, does result in good, but much of the good possible under its provisions is lost, if, from the neighboring town or village, the supply of liquor is made almost as accessible to the masses as if it were to be had at every cross-road store. ' But it is said that the incorporated towns now have it in their power to prohibit the traffic by their own action; that, therefore, the remedy is within their own reach and additional legislation is needless. Perhaps if in every city, town or village, in South Carolina where the traffic prevails to day the issue could be made, free from any local, political or partisan complications, and from the corrupting influences which always attend exciting popular elections, it would be safe to affirm that the remedy would be effectually applied in this way. But while the friends of prohibition confidently believe that such a trial would result in success, yet, on account of the political complications which would inevitably arise in a popular election to disturb the balance or imperil the integrity of the present political power in the State, they believe that .... 1 a 1? 1 ? auuucoa iu tuts >vay wuuju uc jjuiuuascu at su great a cost and sacrifice of other important interests as to justify them in declining to assume the responsibility of such a course except as a last resort, and when the effort to obtain it by legislative action proves to be hopeless. . As the result of a careful review of the present status of the question, we believe and affirm? First. That the sentiment of the people of South Carolina is overwhelmingly iu favor of the prohibition of the traffic in alcoholic liquors as a beverage, as a means of suppressing pauperism, crime and the innumerable evils which everywhere attend the indulgence in strong drink, and of improving the moral, intellectual and material condition of the people. Second. That if this be the prevailing sentiment, it is then the duty of our fellow-citizens everywhere to give it expression in such form and through such agencies as shall make it effective in securing such legislation as shall provide a remedy for the evils which endanger our civilization from this source. Third. That as the most practical method of calling out and giving expression to the public sense on this most momentous issue, we invite our fellow-citizens everywhere throughout the State, to appoint from among themselves discreet and worthy men to assemble in a convention or conference at Columbia, on the 27th day of September next, to consider and advise what action should be taken by the Legislature, at its next session, to more effectually suppress the traffic in alcoholic liquors, and remedy the evils resulting there from. Fourth. We respectfully submit the following plan by which the selection of delegates to said convention may be made: (1.) That the Grand Diyision of Sons of Temperance of South Carolina be requested to take action at their approaching meeting, so as to ensure a full representation from the order throughout the State, in a convention of the friends of prohibitory legislation, to be held in Columbia on the twenty seventh day of September next. (2.) That a similar request is hereby made to the Graud Lodge of 1. 0. G. T., or in the interval of the meeting of said Grand Lodge, then that the G. W. C. T. and executive committee of said order be requested to give effect to the request. 1 (3.) That the Women's Christiau Temperance Union be requested to appoint at least two representatives for each Union to repre' sent them in said convention. (4.) 'Diat the clergy of the State be re! quested to select from each of their congregations two representatives to said convention, the certificate of such clergymen to be regarded as a sufficient credential for said representatives. (5.) That the citizens of each county be urged to call conventions for the purpose of j electing delegates to the State Convention, the I basis of representation to be the same as that I in the Legislature of the State. % TANKEE DOODLE. ' In the summer of 1775, the British array : | under command of Abercorabie, lay encampi ed on the first bank of the Hudson River, awaiting reinforcement* of militia from the eastern states, previoa* to marching upon Ticonderoga. During the month of June, * these raw levies poured into camp, company i after company, each man differently armed, { equipped and accoutred from his neighbor, . I and the whole presenting such a spectacle as was never equaled, unless by the celebrated regiment of merry Jacfc FallstaflP. Their outre appearance furnished great i amusement to the,British officers. One Dr. Shacksburg, an English surgeon, composed the tune of Yankee Doodle, and arranged it | to words, which were gravely dedicated to the new recruits. The joke took, and the i tune has come down to'this day. The origii I no! wnr/la wp tj?kp from Farmer & Moore's Historical Collections, published in 1824, we have not, however, met with before in many years. Father and I went to camp, Along with Captain Goodwin, Where we see the men and boys As thick as hasty-pndding. There was Captain ^Washington Upon a slapping stallion, A giving orders to his men? I guess there was a million. And then the feathers on his hat, They look'd so urnal flna, I wanted peskily to get To give to my Jemima. And there they had a swamping gun As large as a log of maple, Ou a deuced little cart? A load for father's cattle: And every time they fired it off, It took a horn of powder ; It made a noise like father's gun, Only a nation louder. I went as near to it myself As Jacob's underplnnin, And father went as near again? I thought the deuce was in him. And there I see a little keg, Its heads were made ofleather? They knocked upon with little sticks To call the folks together. And there they fired away like fun, And pla3red on cornstock fiddles, And some had ribbons red as blood, All wound about their middles. The troopers, too, would gallop up And fire right in our faces ; It scar'd me almost to death To see them run such races. Old uncle Sam come there to change Some pancakes and some onions, For lasses cakes to carry home To give his wife and young ones. But I can't tell you half I see They kept up such a smother ; So I took my hat off?made a bow, And scampered home to mother. YANKEE DOODLE IN EUROPE. During the negotiatioD at Ghent, of a Treaty of Peace, a Festival or Banquet, or it may have been a Ball, was about to take place, at which it was proposed to pay the customary musical compliment to all the Sovereigns who were either present or represented on the occasion. The Sovereign People of the United States?represented there, as you remember, by Mr. Adams himself, Mr. Bayard, Mr. Clay, Mr. Jonathan Russell and Mr. Galatin?were of course, not to be overlooked : and the Musical conductor, or Band Master of the place called upon these Commissioners to furnish him with our National Air. Our National Air, said they, is Yankee Doodle. Yankee Doodle, said the conductor, what is that ? Wifere shall I find it? By whom was it composed ? Can you supply me with the score ? The perplexity of the Commisssoners may be better conceived than described. They were fairly at their wits' end. They had never imagined that they should have scores of this sort to settle, and each turned to the other in despair. At last they bethought them, in a happy moment, that there was a colored servant of Mr. Clay's, who, like so many of his race, was a good whistler, and who was sure to know Yankee Doodle by heart. He was sent for accordingly, and the problem was solved" without further delay. The Band Master jotted down the air, while the colored boy whistled it, and before night, said Mr. Adams, Yankee Doodle was set in so many parts that you would scarcely have known it, and it came out the next day in all the pride, pomp and circumstance of viol and hautboy, of drum, trumpet, and cymbal, to the edification of the allied Sovereigns of Europe, and to the glorification of the United Sovereigns of America.? R. C. Winthrop. A PERILOUS RIDE. The Fast Time Made by the Consulting Physicians to Washington. The ride of the two consulting physicians to Washington must go into history as one of the most remarkable on record. Dr. Frank H. Hamilton received a dispatch summoning him to Washington at his house, 43 West Thirty-second street, New York. It took him only ten minutes to prepare for the journey. He left the house at about 2 o'clock, with the remark that he did not know when the next train would start, but' tbat he would get a carriage aud go to the ferry so that he would be ready to take it. The dispatch, which was brief, he took with him. He hastened in a carriage to the Desbrosses street ferry, where he learned tbat the first train for Washington was over the Pennsylvania Railroad at 3.40 o'clock. It would arrive in j Washington at 10.20 o'clock P. M. Some I time was spent in inquiries as to the departure of trains on other roads. Then he cross! ed the ferry and entered the Jersey City pas| senger waiting room, where he was recognized n'tiila tia ivna mnlrino innnfripa flt thfi nfllftOfi ......v, ... b 1 I car window. Superintendent Jackson, who was in his office in another part of the depot, was sent for. A very brief time sufficed to , make him aware of the situation. He hur| ried away from Dr. Hamilton, and seven | minutes later the latter was rushing out of the depot on a special train. It was 3.10 I o'clock P. M. when the depot master and the I train dispatchers received notice to be spry. | Engine 915, one of the best of the ordinary I engines, with a five-foot driving wheel was j hitched to a new Eastlake coach, and at 3.20 j it was run out of the depot. The new EastI lake coaches are chiefly remarkable for their j ceilings, their low and comfortable seats and | the elegance of their panelings of light un! stained maple and ash. Each panel is carved after an original design. They run very , smoothly. The freight trains were all got out of the way one after another on side tracks in time to allow the special to roar past them without j slacking speed, but two passenger trains de! iayed the doctor fifteen minutes. He arrived I at Philadelphia at 5 o'clock, a distance-of j 90 miles, in 100 miuutes. The engineer | was A. Vandergrift and the conductor was j H. W. Headly. At Philadelphia a stop of but a few minutes was made, in which to I change engines and allow Dr. Agnew to get 'on the cars. From Philadelphia to WilI mington, with a stop at Chester and other j places, the run was made in 27 minutes, the | distance being twenty-six miles. A dispatch j had been sent to Wilmington for a brakeman, j and a man named Humphreys was detailed I to "make the train." At 5.27 the special came dashing through the city at the rate of, at least, eighteen miles an hour, and the intrepid brakeman stood Dear the track. He j made a desperate grab at the rear platform, ; and at the risk of his life succeded in gaining a hand and foothold. The car steps were protected by a wire railing, and he was carried a considerable distance clinging on to this before the conductor came back and un locked the gate. The train arrived at Wa9h - ington at 7.5(J P. M.?au average run fron . New York of almost fifty miles an hour, ant from Philadelphia of over fifty-five miles at i hour. This is the fastest railroad time foi the distance and considering the stops ot record. germaT music. Carl's band is the leading band at Stuttgart. The bands in Germany are all fa moue?that is, with foreigners, for they all play so well and with such wonderful skill But some of them have greater reputations and are greater favorites than othera. Carl't band, which is attached to one of the king's regiments, has sixty members, and each mem' ber, it is said, is a star player on his particular instrument, and if the cornet, the trum pet, the trombone, or even the man who n> krtlfl AH V\Art tfl fkn KqQO tlpit m \;iaugo me cjrtuuaio ui ucnn mv u?miu is called upon by an audience for a solo, he can respond in a manner and with a skill that will "bring down the house" with applause. Carl himself is a great musician and has become celebrated as a composer. He is such a musical enthusiast that it is said he does nothing but drill his band frpra early morning until late at night, and the members have become so proficient by long and thorough training that they are the masters oi not only one instrument but of several, and are equally "at home" on violins, clarionets, post horns, harps, trombones, citherns, mandolins, pianos or church organs. One of the great pleasures derived from living in Stuttgart is the . e concert which is given every day by the band in the kiosk in front of the king'9 palace. At precisely 11.50 at midday a drum and fife corps oi twenty members, Carl's band of sixty and an infantry company of about 100 men, file out of the grounds of the military barracks in the upper part of the city and proceed toward the king's palace. It has the appearance of a grand military review, only on a very small scale. Not ouly the infantry company but both bands are in full German military costumes, with side arras and brass helmet hats, as if for a dress parade before the king. They have to march the whole length of Konigstrasse, which is the Broadway of Stuttgart. It is a fine wide street, about half a mile long aud lined on both sides with elegant shops aud private palaces. A little before 12 it would seem as if half the inhabitants of the city were gathering on this street in anticipation of the coming of Carl's band. As the clock strikes 12 (the German military are precise on time) the bands escorting the military emerge from a side street into Konigstrasse. They strike up some martial music, a quickstep or a march, which seems to start the city into life. The crowd begins to grow more dense every mo ment; people pour from the side streets, and from all directions storekeepers and clerks forsake their counters and rush out on to the sidewalks. Schools close at 12 and scholars by the hundreds with their knapsacksstrapped to their backs, rush pell-mell to get as near the music as possible. The throngs of people who were walking up the street to meet the band turn about and march down with it. The wide street, sidewalks included in both directions, is black with people. All are marching and keeping step to the music. From a distance it looks like an immense moving mob that gathers new strength as it rolls along. The show of military is of no ac -count?Carl's band, which is playing so splendidly, occasionally relieved by the fife and drum corps, absorbs the attention of the multitude. THE DISCOVEUY OF QUININE. The discovery of the medical properties of cinchona bark is enveloped in great obscurity. All that we know about it for certain is this: Before the year 1638?that is to say 150 years subsequent to the discovery of America?not even the Spaniards were acquainted with the febrifuge qualities of cinchona; but in this year, or thereabouts, the Countess de Chinchon, the wife of the Spanish Viceroy of Peru, was cured of a violent intermittent fever by drinking an infusion of the bark, and this led to its introduction into Europe. Were the natives themselves acquainted with it? Humboldt answers this question very positively in the negative, and refers the discovery to the Jesuit missionaries, who, being in the habit of tasting the bark of every tree they hewed down, at length discovered the precious febrifuge. Other authors of repute contend that the virtues of cinchona bark were known to the Indians long before the advent of the Spaniards; but the question again arises how they first became acquainted with its properties. To account for this the ridiculous tale has been invented that certain animals, while laboring under fever, happened to gnaw the bark of one of the cinchona trees, and were cured forthwith. Far more proba ble is it that some cinchona trees having been laid prostrate by the tempest in a pool of water, and the latter becoming charged with the medicinal principle, some person laboring under fever drank of this water, was cured, and published the result. But however this may be, it is certain that the remedy first became popularized in Europe through the agency of Count de Chincon Viceroy of Peru, whose wife as we have Sdi.., was cured of intermittent fever, by its administration. The new remedy, however, was badly received in France and Italy. The faculty set their faces against it. Physicians who dared prescribe its use were persecuted, and it was only the Patronage of Louis XIV. which ultimately rendered it popular in France. This monarch suffering from intermittent fever, was cured by an English empiric named Talbot, by means of a secret remedy. This was no other than cinchona bark. Louis XIV. purchased the secret for 48,000 livres, and bestowed yearly a pension of 2,000 livres on the Englishman, besides giving him letters of nobility. Three years subsequently the remedy was published. It was a highly concentrated vinous tincture of cinchona bark. Cinchona trees grow in the densest forests of Peru. In these forests there are no roads. Frightful precipices intersect the path of the cascarillero, or bark-gatherer, across which it is difficult to pass, even when unembarrassed by a load. So soon as the treasure of bark has been secured, these difficulties and dangers proportionately increase, so that the comparatively low price at which cinchona may be procured is, in itself, a matter of surprise.? Cassell's New Popular Educator. Persevering Suitor.?An Ohio paper tells a story of a couple of lovers whose union was objected to by the young lady's father. While "Robert" was waiting for the old man to become reconciled, she accepted a tempting offer, and was married, but in three months her husband was killed by a kick from a horse. Robert waited fifteen months for decency's sake, and then offered her his hand, but found that she was already engaged; in three months she was married again, and in two years her second husband died of cholera. Robert now thought he would only wait a year; but at the end of that time he received an invitation to her third wedding ; she was about to be married to her late husband's partner ; and she was. This husband was lost on a steamboat; she was saved, but before he had time to claim her, she married the preserver of her life. In the course of a year or two Robert came into her husband's store, in time to see him just crushed to death by the fall of a heavy cask, which he was hoisting. Resolved to lose no lime now, he started for the lady's house ; but the first -' clerk was ahead of him. A toll-bridge was j before thera. Robert paid toll by tbe year ; 1 : tbe clerk bad to stop to make change. Rob1 : ert won the race, and the widow, who at the r end of the year?which was recently?gave i ' him her hand, and with it the accumulated ' fortunes of four husbands, all of whom died rich. FORMS OF FOOD. Let us consider the special forms of food. I Beef, mutton, venison, poultry, birds, game and fish have all the needed ingredients, j They have albumen, fibrio, casine, fat, etc. , The value of these ingredients depends somei what on the way they are prepared for con . sumption. Baking or roasting retains more . nourishment than boiling. Stewing retains . more nourishment than frying. Heat sud, denly applied coagulates the albumen, and i when gradually applied softens the muscles , and renders them more easily digested. The heat applied develops in the meat a flavor peculiar to each kind and differing from what it was when raw. This peculiar flavor , usually pleases the sense of taste and pro* , motes digestion and so increases its amount of nutrition. Properly cooking meat is then , of vast importance. Each kind needs a Special amount of heat in order to develop its peculiarly agreeable flavor and its nutritous power; a large amount of beat not only burns it, but destroys its proper flavor and lessens its power of building up the body. Meat rarely cooked contains more nutrition than the well and deeply done. The art of cooking meat consists of knowing in what way and how long it may be exposed to a given amount of heat. Eggs are nutritous and contain all the in gredients necessary to promote animal growth. A few days of very moderate heat changes the contents of an egg to a bird. Its white is nearly all albumen and mineral or inorganic ingredients. Its yolk is composed of oily matter mingled with albumen. Applying heat in any way changes its consistency and flavor. The latter more than is generally supposed is modified by the feed on which the bird may live as is the meat animals may yield. Hens fed with decaying meat yield eggs that have a putrid taste. Cows and sheep fed on improper food betray in their milk and meat the kind of food on which they have lived. Milk is an emulsion, and like the egg contains all the ingredients of animal growth. It contains in nearly fixed and definite proportions, water, lime, salt, casine, albumen, sugar and fat. The vegetables used for human food as beans, peas, turnips, and potatoes, also contain starch, albpmen, sugar, water and the mineral ingredients?cooking them softens them and so renders them digestible. Their value as means of nourishment depends upon the way they are prepared. Roast or baked potatoes are more digestible and nutritous than boiled or fried ones. Tbeir value as articles of food depends also upon the soil in which thev crow. Health denends UDon J 0 4 ^ ^ proper food well cooked. Bad cooking vitiates the nutritious qualities of the best kinds of food. NOT GENERALLY KNOWN. Keys were originally made of wood, and the earliest form was a simple crook similar to the common picklock. The ancient keys are mostly of bronze, and o? remarkable shape, the shaft terminating on obe aide by the wards, on the other by a ring. Keys of this description were presented by husbands to wives, and were returned again upon divorce or separation. Hats were first made by a Swiss at Paris, 1404 A. D. They are mentioned in history at the period when Charles VII. made his triumphal entry into Rouen, in 1449. He wore a hat lined with red velvet, and surmounted with a rich plume of feathers. It is from this reign that hats and caps are dated, which henceforth began to take the place of the chaperoons and hoods that had been worn before in France. Previous to the year 1510 the men aod women of England wore close-knit woolen caps. The custom of crowning the poets originariKAAlro and moo o/dnnforl Kff tCU aiuuug tuo uiau nuo uuv|/vvu ktj the Romans during the Empire. It was revived in the twelfth century by the Emperor of Germany, who invented the title of poetlaureate. The French had royal poets, but no laureates. The title existed in Spain, but little is known of those who bore it. The tradition concerning the laureate in England is that Edward III., in 1367, emulating the crowning of Petrarch, at Rome, in 1341, granted the office to Chaucer, with a yearly pension. In 1630 the laureate was made a patent office. From that time there has been a regular succession of laureates. Until the close of the eighteenth century the finest muslins in use were imported from India. The earliest mention of cotton among the classic nations of antiquity is by Herodotus, who speaks of it by the name of tree-wool, which name it still bears in German and several other continental languages. Cotton was not known in Egypt until about 500 years before Christ. Then it appears probable that it was imported, for all the cloths found enveloping the mummies of early ages have proved on examination to be linen. Cotton cloths are mentioned as having been imported into London in 1596, the knowledge of both the culture and manufacture having probably been conveyed there by the Moors and other Mohammedan nations. The former were the means of first bringing this manufacture into Europe. THE PRESSURE OF WIND. In a paper read before the American Society of Civil Engineers, Mr. C. Shaler Smith gives the results of many years' observation of | wind pressure and its effects. He has person! ally visited the tracks of destructive storms as | soon as possible after their occurrence, for the i purpose of determining the maximum force ? ? J ...t.!*!* <>f iUa r*n f U aP a ofAi*m in on. I auu LUC WIUIU Ul LUC |;abii Ui lite Obi/1 m IU v?! ery instance. The most violent storm in Mr. i Smith's record was at East St. Louis, in 1871, | when the wind overturned a locomotive, the j maximum force developed in so doing being no less than 93 lbs. per square foot. At St. Charles, in 1877, a jail was destroyed, the wind force required being 84.3 lbs. per square foot. At Marshfield (Mo.), in 1880, a brick mansion was leveled, the force required being 58 lbs. per square foot. Below these extraordinary pressures there were sundry cases of trains blown off rails, and bridges, etc., blown down by gales of wind of from 24 lbs. to 31 I lbs. per square foot. Mr. Smith observes that I in. all his examples he has taken the minimum j force required to do the observed damage, , and has considered this as the maximum force j of the wind, although, of course, it may have j been much higher. Some of the hurricanes I were very destructive, the one at Marshfield : having cut down everything along a path 46 j miles long and 1,800 feet wide, killing 250 people. Mr. Smith has formed the conclu1 sion that notwithstanding these examples, 30 ! lbs. per square foot is sufficient wind pressure : to allow for in a working specification. As ! reasons for this conclusion, Mr. Smith ex| presses doubts as to whether a direct wind or gale ever exceeds this pressure. Whirl-winds may exceed it, but the width of the pathway of maximum effort in these is usually very narrow. Mr. Smith has only found one example, already quoted, wherein the path of pressures over 30 lbs. per square foot exceeded 60 feet wide. This pressure is in itself very unusual, and, referring more particularly to railway bridges, it is stated that a loaded passenger train will leave the rails at this pressure of wind, and consequently not much could be gained by making the bridge strong enough to resist a storm which would blow a train off it. Partial to Dogs.?The Earl of Bridgewater lived in Paris during the last century, where the circumstances we narrate took place. He was a miserable-looking little man, unable to walk without the support of two lackeys. He had an immense fortune, which he spent in gratifying every caprice. Was a book lent to him, it was regarded as the representative of its owner, and returned in the Earl's landau, occupying the place of honor and attended by four footmen in costly livery, who handed it to the astonished owner. His carriage was frequently to be seen tilled witn dogs, nis special pets, un tne ieet of these dogs he bestowed as much attention as though they were unfortunate human beings. He ordered them boots, for which he paid as dearly as for his own. Not caring to entertain his own kind at his table, few people dined with bim. Still, covers were daily laid for a dozen, served by suitable attendants. At this table he received, and dined with no less than twelve favorite dogs, who seemed to comprehend the compliment paid them, as they occupied their chairs with decorum, each with its white napkin tied around its neck. They were so trained that should any, by any instinct of appetite, transgress any rule of good manners, he was banished from the table, and degraded to an antechamber, where he picked his bone in mortification, his place remaining empty until he had earned his master's pardon.? Chambers' Journal. The Russian Soldier's Obedience to Orders.?The uniformity existing among the Russian troops is something quite astonishing. This uniformity is something carried to an absurd extent, for their dress, way of marching, manners, even faces, are precisely alike. In the Guard, men with light hair and blue eyes are put together in one company, the dark-haired men in another. The excessive discipline leads at times to the spirit of an order being confounded with the letter. One day a ship with many officers and men on board went down in the Neva. The order was passed to the soldiers to save in the first place the officers of the Guard. They thprefbrp ftnrinnalv innnirpd nf PAflh nfficpr they got hold of if he belonged to the Guard ? The poor fellows could not answer, as their mouths were filled with water ; so they were allowed to drown. On another occasion, as it was very dusty, the soldiers were ordered to Water the field ior exercise. While employed in this duty there came on a heavy rain, but they continued their task with the utmost gravity. They had been ordered to do it, and that was enough. At the time when the Winter Palace Was destroyed by fire, a clergyman succeeded, with great difficulty, in saving the sacramental plate.. On returning he saw a . soldier in the corridor, enveloped in smoke. He bade hira follow him, else he would perish in the flames ; but the other calmly asked for his blessing, and died at his post. # Kef* The principal feature of a new machine for dressing hogs consists of a perpendicular hollow iron cylinder, armed on the inside surface with a series of flexible knives or scrapers, and permeated by jets of boiling water. The animal, after being killed and scalded, i? drawn by a hook attached to the under jaw into the lower end of the cylinder, and in two or tnree bocuuua emerges iruui me tup uuiupletely denuded of his bristly coat and washed white and clean?much cleaner and nicer looking than by the old process of hand-scraping, to say nothing of the great saving of labor and time. This machine performs the work usually assigned to a force of 100 men, and when running up to its full capacity will turn out eight clean hogs per minute, the average being five yesterday at a low rate of speed. By an automatic arrangement the loose bristles are raked from the cylinder, while the carcass is released from its hooks and passed over an inclined plane into the hands of the dresser, and afterwards travels by its own gravitation over a truck rail, through a pair of folding, self-closing doors into the cooling room, the whole process not occupying more than a minute. Religion in Amusements.?A celebrated divine says, People may ask, "What have you to do with amusements 1" I have not to do with them ; but God made man to do with them. That is human nature ;and that man takes a wrong course who tries to dam up human nature. I want to turn human nature in a right direction, and let men have good amusements, for they like them. Where is the man that does not like to have amuse* raents ? Why, I like to see a kitten chase its own tail. If the ministers of religion had done their duty in trying to guide and direct the amusements of the people, there would not be so many bad amusements as there are this day. Instead of the clergy standing askance from amusements, I would like to see them taking more interest?taking part in them. I agree with John Wesley, who, when some people found fault with him for taking tunes which had been associated with foolish songs, aud applying them to sacred hymns, replied, I see no reason why the devil should have all the good things in the world." No more do I. There are music, painting, chess, quoits, bowls and cricket. I would yoke them all in the service of religion and virtue." A Shell Exploded by Lightning.?On last Wednesday afternoon, during a sudden thunder, storm, a lightning bolt struck a large pine tree in a field belonging to Mr. S. G. B. Faulkner, who resides about eight miles from Richmond, in Hanover county. At the time Mr. Faulkner and a number of hands were working near by. The report was sharp and loud, and shocked several of the men. Mr. Faulkner noticed that the tree was set on fire by the lightning, and sent hands to clear away the brush to prevent the fire spreading to his fencing. About twenty minutes after thft tree was struck another loud and deafen ing report was heard in the tree, and on examination it was ascertained that the fire had communicated with a shell which was lodged in the tree during the war. The tree was somewhat shattered from the explosion of this old companion, and the bushes near by were cut down by the fragments. No one knew of the shell being in the-tree. This is a most singular occurrence, and probably the first where a shell was exploded by lightning.? Richmond Whig. ? ? Old Shoes.?You probably think that if you look very sharply at an old shoe when you throw it away, you will know it again if it ever comes back to you. But that doesn't at all follow. One of these days you may button your dress with an old pair of slippers, comb you?hair with a boot, or grasp a cast-off gaiter while at your dinner. You don't see how this can be? Well, we'll tell you. Old shoes are turned to account by manufacturers in the following manner: They are cut into very small pieces, and kept for a couple of days in chloride of sulphur. The effect of this is to make the leather hard and brittle. Next the material is withdrawn from the action of the chloride of sulphur, washed with water and dried. When thoroughly dry it is ground to powder, and mixed with some substance like glue or gum, that causes it to adhere together. It is then pressed into molds and shaped into buttons, combs, knife handles, etc. So you see how it may come to pass that you will comb your hair with a boot, and fasten your clothes with a slipper, ?????I