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fcraps and Jatts. In Texas ice costs five cents a pound and beef costs three cents. Jefferson Davis is on a visit to New York in the interest of the insurance company he represents. The late Jesse R. Grant bequeathed his entire estate, about ?75,000, to his three daughters. He left; nothing to the President. It is rumored that Whitelaw Re:d, managing editor of the New York Tribune, is to marry Miss Ida Greeley. Music by a brass band is announced as one of the attractions of a church at the fashionable watering place of Newport. The steamer, City of Washington, was wrecked on the coast of Nova Scotia ou the 9th. There were 509 passengers, besides the crew, on board, all of whom were saved. The number of the primary schools in Germany is said to be 60,000, and the number of pupils in them 6,000,000, between the ages of six and fourteen. ica oclrDrl il I1IUIUC1CI t*l? JLU^l lUiail) A'JLlsTO* f Moavu to be hung on the Fourth of July, and the judge kindly consented, as it would help along the proposed celebration. A wicked man in Davenport, being on his death-bed, wished to consult some proper persou regarding his future state, and his friend sent a fire insurance agent to him. It is stated on high chemical authority that the last gill of milk drawn from a cow is j sixteen times richer in cream' than the first j portion yielded. The coroner's jury at New Orleans in the case of the late Judge Cooley, the victim J of the recent duel, returns a verdict of murder against the surviving participants in the fatal affair. Father Ryan, the Southern poet, and editor of the Catholic Messenger at New Orleans, enters an earnest protest against the action of General Beauregard in the formation of the new compromise party in that State. Several young girls in Athens, Ga., made themselves sick swallowing hearts-ease flowers, under the delusion that whenever they swallowed one of the flowers whole, and then wished, the wish would be gratified. An industrious individual, who has made the study a science, says that boardinghouse chicken soup can be made by hanging up a hen in the sun, so that her shadow shall fall in a pot of salt water. On cloudy days, however, the soup is liable to be weak. Hon. Jefferson Davis has been chosen by the First Mississippi Rifles to serve as their representative at the convention of the survivors of the Mexican war of 1847, which is to be held in Washington, January 15, 1874. Mr. Davis commanded this regiment in the Mexican war. Patrick Henry once called Gov. Giles, of Virginia, a "bob-tailed politician." Giles dcmauded an explanation. Henry responded : "I do not recollect having called you a 'bobtailed politician' at any time, but think it probable I have. Not recollecting the time or occasion, I cannot say what I did mean ; but if you will tell me what you think I meant, I will say whether you are correct or not." Giles subsided. The ministers came last week to pray for Paul Carroll, of Jamestowu, Ky., who is in the last stage of consumption, and having lived a wicked life sent for them. But when they opened prayer, Mrs. Carroll remarked, with tearful eyes, that she couldn't stand it, this dividing up a family by praying; all the balance of the Carrolls that had died had gone to h?1. No man ought to be separated from his kin. Preparations to priut the new national bank currency authorized by Congress have already been commenced. Work upon the plates will be commenced next week, and five, ten and twenty dollars notes will be first issued. It will probably occupy three months to complete the plates and print and number the notes, as a sufficient quantity of these denominations will be placed in circulation before commencing woik upon any other. At Nashville the Robertson Association, which hasdoneso much for the relief of the sick has declared that "as the cholera has disappeared from Nashville the mission of the association has been fulfilled." Its members are urged to resume their avocations in order to create otwl fnrnicK nmnlAvmonf frtr tho nPP dy. Six physicians,engaged by the county to attend cholera patients, have been dismissed, as no longer required, and the mayor is about to discharge the city physicians employed for that purpose. lu every car on the Connecticut Iiiver Railroad there is a box overhead, at one end of which is contained the name of the next station, which it is the duty of the brakemen to change as they leave the stations. And it goes further; it states where they connect with other roads. As the change is made a bell strikes twice, which attracts the attention of the passengers, so that the box always exhibits the name of the next station, and so on. Thus passengers always know the name of tne stopping place, and also if it connects with any other railroad. Wheeling, Virginia, has a boy who is one of the greatest curiosities of the age. He is half white and half black, not in the mulatto and miscegenation sense, but the lower half of his body is whiter than white folks usually are, while the upper portion is as black as mid-night. His mother is a coalblack negress. He is but three years old, and has already made money out of his peculiarities. There is a round patch, about three inches in diameter, of perfectly beautiful hair on the top of his head, which is surrounded by little kinky negro wool. A telegram to the New York World states that under the treaty made between Thomas Jefferson and Napoleon the Great, in view of outrages then recentlv practiced upon Arcadians by New Englanders and the British, it was specifically agreed that the inhabitants of Louisiana (whither the Acardians lied) should never be deprived of freedom of person, property or religion. This third section of the treaty was written by Napoleon himself, and it is now proposed, in view of frightful wrongs to which the people of Louisiana are subjected, because of the domination of thieves and savage blacks, to assert rights defined under this treaty, and invoke the intervention of France. The Washington correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial states that there are now in the United States, 63,514 miles of rail-1 way mail service, that being an increase of 5,603 miles since the same period last year. Massachusetts is the only New England State in which there are 1,000 miles of railway service, that State having nearly 1,700 miles. Delaware has 248 miles, while of the other middle States, New York has 4,726 miles; New Jersey, 1,184 miles, and Pennsylvania, i 3,670 miles. Of the Southern States, Arkan? vi?:.j? ?i \t:?iADD v.o.. 5<Wj X1 iunua aim ?? cot > n^una uavg icoo mau 500 miles ; while in the others, there are from 1,000 to 2,000 miles. Illinois has the largest railway mail service, 6,526 miles ; Ohio next, 3,877 miles ; New York, third ; Pennsylvania, fourth ; and Missouri, fifth. In the latter State, there are 3,340 miles. A Washington letter states that the Hon. J. K. Luttrell, Congressman elect from the third California District, writes to Commissioner Smith, of the Indian Bureau, an account of his recent visit to the scene of the Modoc war, and says he has been able to arrive at only one conclusion in reference to it, namely, that it was caused by the wrongful acts of bad white men. He was informed, on what seemed to him reliable authority, that the Modocs were compelled to slaughter their horses for food on the Klamath reservation, and having exhausted this means of subsistence, were compelled, by hunger, to seek the fishing and hunting grounds on their old reservation on Lost River. Mr. Luttrell urges an investigation of the causes of the Modoc war, and regrets to say that never was there a time since the organization of the Government wlu-n there was so much corruption and swin dling?not only against the Government and ! the people, but against the Indians?as is toi day being practiced on the Indian reservations ! on the Pacific coast. j The Indian tribes of the Uuited States, ' who are gathered upon reservations, have de-; voted to their exclusive use, in various local- j ities, nearly 138,000,000 of acres of land. j The tracts are generally choice territory, se- j lected by thelndians themselves, and especial- i ly adapted for hunting, on which, outside of the Indian Territory, the tribes chiefly subsist, i The Creeks, Cherokees, Chickasaws, Chocj taws and other tribes of that Territory, howI ever, are good fanners, and their lauds are j valuable as agricultural regions. The extent of these reservations may be imagined when it is known that there are about 460 acres for every man, woman and child living upon them. The great majority of the Indians are at peace with the whites, and all the troubles on the frontier usually occur with a small fraction of the 300,000 aborigines who are living within the limits of the United States. ferkriUr (fhnpiim. YORK VILLE, S. L'?: I THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 17, 1S73. Watch the Figures.?The date on the "addresslabel" shows the time to which the subscription is paid. If subscribers do not wish their papers discontinued, the date must be kept in advance. Cash.?It must be distinctly understood that our terms for subscription, advertising and jobwork, are cash, in advance T ATI PDIVTIVC U VW AJLUiMJUMM Having determined to devote more attention hereafter to job printing than we have done in the past, we would inform the public that our office is now well supplied with new type of the latest styles, and the best machinery in use; and with a choice stock of inks, cards, papers, &c., we are prepared to execute as good work as can be done anywhere in the United States. Orders for Ball Tickets, [Freight Billheads, Bank Notices, I Labels, Bonds and Coupons, j Law Blanks, Bill Heads, Law Bricl's, Business Cards, Letter Circulars, Certificates of Deposit, j Letter Headings, Certificates of Stock, Memorandum Billheads Checks, Note Circulars, Deposit Tickets, Note Headings, Drafts and Notes, Programmes, Envelopes, Policies, Fired* Life Ins., Election Tickets, Shinplasters, Festival Tickets, Wedding Cards, will receive prompt attention, and satisfaction as to quality of work, guaranteed in every instance. Particular attention given to fine work in colors. CIVILIZATION. The states or conditions in which we find the human family, present a fruitful theme to the moral philosopher, to the statesman, and to the political economist. Man exists in conditions below the beasts of the field, in many respects; in other instances, he is only on an equality with the beasts, and in other instances still, we find him elevated far above every creature which has a home upon this earth. The spread of civilization over the globe seems to be from the East to the West. In this general direction, the tide seems to have been rolling for centuries. At the commencement of the Christian era, the Romans were the most civilized people on the globe. By them, Great Britain, together with all the German States, were conquered or overrun ; and in process of time, these conquered tribes imbibed the manners and customs of the Romans, and adopted their language, in part or in whole. For several hundred years Great Britain remained in a semi-savage state. By slow degrees, the barbarous manners and customs of the ancient Britains were laid aside. Persecutions drove many of them to the necessity of seeking a home in which they could live in peace and quiet. They selected America. Two hundred and fifty years ago, the territory designated by the name of the United States, was an unbroken forest, inhabited by wild and uncivilized savages. The first emigrants, from necessity, landed upon the eastern shore. The tide of civilization continued to roll on until it reached the eastern shore of the Pacific. The disposition to go West seems to be almost instinctive. Annually, thousands from the densely populated States and crowded cities of the East, make their way to America. In many sections of America, the manners and customs, as well as the language of the people, are European in all their prevailing plmrnMpristins The tide nf emicrration is '"o ? n stopped only by the placid bosom of the broad Pacific. In time, no doubt, the Pacific will be crossed as the Atlantic was, and mighty changes will be produced npon the eastern continent by the inhabitants of the western. It is a noticeable feature of civilization that its object seems to be to reduce barbarism to subjection. It is not very particular how this is effected. Persuasion is sometimes used; but more frequently the sword. The first emigrants to America used but little persuasion to ameliorate the savage Indians. In almost every instance the appeal was made to the sword. For the last two hundred and fifty years the effort has been to exterminate the aboriginal inhabitants of America, and the effort has been successful. The same thing was done by the Romans. The tribes which Julius Ciesar found in Great Britain were, in time, almost entirely exterminated by the Romans. Not only did the Romans pursue this exterminating method, but the Israelites did the same thing toward the Cananites. This may seem strange, but facts are facts. In the development of the arts of civiliza- j tion, it is rather a remarkable feature that the 1 fine arts were brought to a high state of per-! fection while the useful arts were scarcely l known. In music, noetrv and naintinsr, the i ancient Greeks and Roraaus surpass any mod- j em nations. In their palmiest days they were ' defective in the useful arts. Implements of i agriculture, which a boy can now construct,-) i were too much for the mighty intellects of an-! ' tiquity. The rapid and permanent progress ! of civilization during the last century, has J ! been effected by the discovery and application of steam. With truth, it may be said that | steam has revolutionized the world. It is only in its infancy. What it will yet do no ; one can tell. At present, a voyage is made , between London aud New York in less time, with as little risk, and at far less expense, than a journey was made by our fathers be- j tween places only a few hundred miles apart.' j It is also worthy of notice that while civilization removes many evils, it introduces many. Civilized nations arc not so healthy as savages. The North American Indians were subject to only three or four diseases. The great multitude of them, who were not killed in war, died of old age. Amongst civilized nations, only a small number die of old age. The manner of life amongst civilized nations preys upon the nervous system, and death on! tors from a thousand avenues. SOUTH CAROLINA NEWS. ? A secoud case of small pox is reported in Camden. ? A. O. Norris, Esq., late Probate Judge of Anderson county, is dead. ? The taxable property of Abbeville county aggregates 84,787,665.42. ? W. J. Whipper, colored, has been appointed Treasurer of Barnwell county. ? The Charleston News estimates that there arc at least twenty-five lawyers engaged in suits pending against the Blue Ridge Railroad. ? The Comptroller-General has forbideu the County Treasurer of Lancaster to levy the special tax of one mill for public buildings, as it would be unlawful. ? The petitions of Hillcriah MeCall and Thomas Palmer, of York couuty, for voluntary bankruptcy, have been referred to Register Clawson for adjudication. ? Capt. L. M. Coxetter died in Charleston last week. He has long been well known in connection with the line of steamboats between that city and Florida. ? The county commissioners of Greenville have appointed Wednesday, 20th of August, as the time for the people to vot? on the subscription of stock to the Laurens and Ashevillc railroad. ? At a recent meeting of the Board of Trustees of the South Carolina University, Henry J. Fox, D. D., was elected professor in place of Dr. LaBorde, retired, who was afterward elected in the place of Dr. Reynolds, retired. ? M. O'Conuell, Esq., one of the Trial Justices of York county, died suddenly at his home near Fort Mills, on Wednesday of last week. He was buried in Columbia on Friday last. ? Messrs. T. B. Milford and T. A. Sullivan, propose to commence the publication of a weekly Republican newspaper at Abbeville Court House, about the first of September, to be called the True American. ? In Pickens county chickens are worth 10 cents each, butter 15 cents per pound, Irish potatoes 50 cents per bushel, beef 8 to 10 cents per pound, mutton 8 to 10 cents, ducks 20 to 25 cents each, and vegetables can be had for the asking. . ? T. M. Wilkes, United States Commissioner, formerly on duty at Yorkville, sailed for Europe in the steamer Baltic, from New York, on the 6th instant. He was accompanied by L. Cas3 Carpenter, formerly editor of the Columbia Union, and Niles G. Parker, ex-Treasurer of South Carolina. ? The Citadel Academy building in Charleston, which since the war has been in possession of the United States authorities, is shortly to be relinquished to the control of the State. It is stated that it is proposed to use the buildings in connection with the establishment of a colored military school for the training of officers for the National Guard, otherwise known as the colored troops of the State. ? Near Cross Anchor, in Union county, on Thursday night last, the dwelling house and kitchen of Mr. Milliard Hill, together with the contents of each, including nearly his entire wheat crop, was destroyed by fire. The loss is put down at about $1000, and the fire is supposed to have originated from the carelessness of a child, who was sent up stairs with a caudle, to get some extra bed clothing. ? The Phoenix mentions as a singular coincidence, that, since reconstruction, Orangeburg has lost three Senators?Randolph, Green and Jamison. The colored miuister, in his funeral sermon over Senator Jamison, referred to it as a "mysterious doom that hung like a cloud charged with darkness and death over the seat which Orangeburg held in the Senate of the State." ? The Lancaster Ledger of Thursday last says: "The Surveyors of the Cheraw and Chester Rail Road reached this place on Thursday evening last. We learn that the depot will he situated iu the corporate limits of the town, near the old muster field. The greater part of Friday and Saturday was spent by the Surveyor in riding over the grounds between this and the steam-mill. It is stated that between this place and Chester not a cut will have to be made over seventeen feet deep." ? For several days past there have been many irregularities in the management of the mail service on the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta railroad, which we hope have been remedied by the prompt removal of the derelict official?a negro named Fuller. To the Charlotte (N. C.) Observer is due the praise. That paper called the attention of the authorities to the matter, whereupon Thomas B. Long, special Agent Post-office Department, after investigating the case, promptly discharged Fuller, and says that every effort will be made to secure promptness and efficiency on the part of all his subordinates. ? The members of one of the Granges in Newberry county have made a practical illustration of the principles of their order. The wife of Mr. A. M. Riser, belonging to the Liberty Hall Grange, had been sick for over five months, and things had become sadly out of joint in her household. The lady members of the Grange heard of the situation of affairs, and like true Sisters of Charity, they visited the house, and putting their fair shoulders to the wheel, soon had everything in apple-pie order, thus making the hearts of the whole household to rejoice. They literally played "move house," (that is with all the movables,) swept, dusted, scoured, scrubbed and scalded, until there was no more for their hands to do. ? Messrs. C. G. Merarainger, W. D. Porter, A. Burt, and Butler & DeSaussure, as counsel, representing a number of the tax payers of this State, have succeeded in procuriug a temporary injunction from Judge Carpenter, restraining the Comptroller-General from taking any measures for collecting any tax or giving notice for the collection of any tax for the purpose of paying the principal or interest on the bonded debt, until the further orders of the Court. The injunction also restrains the State Treasurer from paying any part of the principal or interest on the bonds, due or to become due. The grounds of the complaint are that a large portion of the bonded debt is fraudulent. NORTH CAROLINA NEWS. ? Oue hundred hands are now employed at the Ore Knob copper mine in Ashe county. Large quantities of ore of superior quality are being raised daily. ? There is now employed in constructing the Carolina Railway a force of 2300 hands, -11 1.!..? ?... /l i l\A^??AAn Wfo/1 till wonting uu IIic UIVIOIUU UCI*>CCU M autoboro and Charlotte. ? Professor J. D. Miiller, formerly connected with the Yorkville Female College, has been elected Professor of Music in the Asheville Female College. ? The Hickory Press says, that on Saturday of last week, thirty-eight inches of rain fell in that place, accompanied by a furious storm, which inflicted great damage to property and the growing crops in that vicinity. ? The Charlotte Observer regrets to learn that Mr. M. A. Upchurch, who is visiting his friends in Raleigh, is dangerously ill of typhoid fever. Mr. Upchurch is well known in Yorkville, having formerly been telegraph operator at this place, which position he fills in Charlotte. ? In Person, Caswell and Orange counties, many farmers who have formerly raised tobacco extensively, have abandoned that crop, and the past season planted cotton exclusively, thinking it the most profitable. ? A furious storm passed over a portion of Raudolph county, in the vicinity of New Salem, on the 4th instant. The wind broke down and uprooted trees, and hail,of unusual size, fell in abundance. ? A car load of rags belonging to Wm, <fc R. Tiddy, caught on fire by spontaneous combustion, at Lincolnton on Tuesday of last week, and destroyed both rags and car. The rags were worth $500. So says the Lincoln Progress. ? A colored boy, at Smyrna, in Carteret county, went out into the field to work with his hoe, and failed to return to his dinner at the usual hour. He was sent after, and when found was dead, with a rattlesnake coiled around his body, the snake still biting him. ? The Masters of the various Granges of the Patrons of Husbandry met in Raleigh on the 9th and organized a State Grange. William S. Battle, of Edgecomb, was made President. The meeting was well attended and harmonious. A State Educational Convention, in which all parts of the State were represented, was also held on the same day. ? The property and franchises of the Cape Fear and Deep River Navigation Company, on which the State has expended 8750,000, were sold at public auction by the sheriff of Chatham county on the 7th and 8th instant. The property brought 825,200, of which amount 81200 goes to the treasury of the State. ? The stockholders of the North Carolina railroad held their annual meeting in Salisbury on the 11th. T. M. Holt was reelected President. After passing a resolution revoking all free passes heretofore given ex-Presidents of the road and their farailes and all other persons except Calvin Graves, (whose casting vote as Speaker secured the charter of the road,) there being no other business on hand, the meeting adjourned. ? The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Atlantic, Tennessee and Ohio railroad took place in Statesville on Thurday last. The meeting was an exceedingly stormy one, in consequence of the ventilation of the acts of Col. Wra. Johnston, the late President. R. I. McDowell, Esq., was elected President. Speaking of the debates in the meeting, the Charlotte Observer says: "The most uncivil language was used in the debate; and the speakers handled each other with gloves off. The discussion will be long remembered as oue of the hottest, most angry and disgraceful that ever occurred in the history of North Carolina Railroad meetings, and for the honor of our people and the credit of our State, we hope a like scene will never again be witnessed in this country." NEWS OF THE DAY. ? Curly Head Jack, a prominent warrior of the Cottonwood faction, who was under arrest with the Modoc Indians, committed suicide by shooting himself a few days ago. ? Crop reports from Arkansas and north Mississippi are encouraging. Reports from Alabama are conflicting. The appearance of the caterpillar is reported in several sections. ? Stokes, Simmons and King, the New York murderers, will, it is supposed, escape the death penalty through the new law requiring proof of deliberate intent to kill for conviction of murder in the first degree. ? Half a mile of the Missouri Pacific railroad track, near Kickapoo, Kansas, dropped into the Missouri river on the 9th, and sank out of sight. The water where the track was situated is now forty feet deep. ? Memphis dates to the 14th report that the health of the city was never better than now. There are a few cases of sporadic cholera, which excite no apprehension, and many of the citizens who left during the prevalence of the cholera have returned. ? Our traveling correspondent gives a truthful yet fearful account of the ravages of the cholera in Tennessee towns and cities. From his letter, however, as well as telegraphic oMiipi-oa \vp are hnnefnl that the scourfre has ? ""I - C5 spent its fury and is abating. ? A Hebrew conference, comprising fifteen congregations from the West and South, convened in Cincinnati lust week, for the purpose of taking steps toward establishing a Hebrew theological institution. Over two hundred delegates were in attendance, and resolutions endorsing the project were unanimously passed. ? Reports from all points in Illinois and Iowa show that while the recent severe rain storms have considerably damaged the wheat crop, particularly in localities where it was just ready to harvest, there will be fully an average crop. Corn is also promising for a full average crop. ? The women of Remington, Indiana, made a raid on the liquor shops of that place last week. They emptied all the intoxicating liquors contained in one, and proceeded to destroy the stock of the other, when the proprietor compromised by consenting to sell no more liquor, and to leave the place within thirty days. ? The proprietor of an opera house in Albany, N. Y., was placed on trial last Friday for violation of the civil rights bill, he having refused admission of a family of mulattoes to the dress circle, and ordering them to take seats in the gallery, where there was a place provided for them. The jury being unable to agree, were discharged. They stood ten for acquittal and two for conviction. ? Dr. Cullen, one of the surgeons in the Mordecai-McCarty duel, refused to testify before the grand jury at Richmond last week, on the ground that he might criminate himself. The Judge decided that he must answer the questions propounded by the jury or be held for contempt. A suspension of sentence was obtained in order to appeal to the Supreme Court. The grand jury, with the evidence before them, found true bills of indict1 ment against the four seconds for the wilful and malicious murder of Mordecai. Why the South Remains Poor.?The ! great problem of political economy for us of j the South is to combine the producing and the manufacturing interests. Sectionalism has almost, heen nnr ruin?we do not cherish it. J We wish to see the people North and South I prospering, but we can see no prosperity for ; the South until we learn to produce our food, mnnufactute our staples and give employment to our mechanics. We want factories of every kind, but these factories must have patro' uage, and, like charity, this patronage must begin at home. We remain poor, because we must have everything from the North. We ; plough our crops with Northern-made plows, hitch our teams with Northern-made harness, : cut our wood with Northern-made axes, dress our lumber with Northern-made planes, drive our Northern nails with a Northern-made hammer, and paint our houses with a North| ern-made brush dipped in Northern paint. I In short, we are rocked in Northern-made cradles, wrapped in Northern-made swaddling clothes, suck our paps made of Northern-made corn starch, through a Northern-made nipple, from a Northern bottle. We are educated from Northern-made books, are poisoned with Northern physic, and being gently laid in a Northern coffin, our minister clothed in Northern-made clothes, takes our funeral text from j a Northern-made Bible, and loving hands in Northern-made gloves lower us by means of a Northern-made rope into a Southern grave, and our last resting-place is marked by a tomb-stone quarried, dressed and carved at j the North. This policy is not the true one. ' We must manufacture and patronize home j institutions. Then, and not until then, can : we expect to be independent of the Northern i States.?Agricultural Journal. EDITORIAL INKLINGS, i Trial of the Modoc Warriors. j The military commission for the trial j of the Modoc Indians under charge of mur-1 , uci, met at I'uit lYiaiuatu uu tut. uw, uuu : proceeded at once with a hearing of the case, i Captain Jack, Schonchin, Boston Charley, Black Jim, Slotuck and Brancho, are the names of those implicated in the Canby massacre. The charges against them are murder, in violation of the laws of war. The specifications repeat the facts, which have substantially been published heretofore. Three witnesses were examined?Riddle, his Indian squaw Toby, and L. D. Dyar. Toby swears positively that Captain Jack shot General Canby; Schonchin, Mr. Meacham; Boston Charley, Dr. Thomas; and that Hooker Jim tried to kill L. D. Dyar; also, that Brancho knocked her down with his gun and tried to take her horse. The testimony of Riddle corroborates his wife's evidence. The Case of Walworth. Walworth, the New York parricide, has been sent to Sing Sing Peniteutiary. He was manacled, and received the same treatment of nine other convicts who were sent to the penitentiary at the same time. His mother was on the same train, and took final leave of him at the prison. He kept up his spirits and freely conversed with the lookers-on. When he received his striped suit, he jokingly remarked that he looked as if he had got a base-ball suit on. It is said he will be put in the shoe shop, and when he learns sufficient of the business, will be made chief clerk in that department. The prompt trial, conviction and sentence of Walworth, and the farther fact of the sentence being executed without delay, strikes terror among the murderers now awaiting trial in New York city. This is the first case of murder that has been tried in the city courts, under the new laws regulating the degrees of murder in that State; and either the efficiency of the law, or the manner iu which Judge Davis administers it, is well calculated to alarm the guilty. The jury in the Walworth trial at first stood eight for murder in the first degree, one for murder in the second degree and three for acquittal. It is stated that his counsel advise against the risk of a second trial, and only hope for his pardon i after a few years' imprisonment. Murder in Charleston. The murder of Charles H. West, a quiet and inoffensive young man in Charleston, has created a great deal of excitement and feeling in that city. The murderers, James A. Duffus and B. L. Duffus, are brothers, who as well as their victim, are young men?mere youths, in fact. The circumstances, as reported in the News and Courier, are substantially to the effect that on the evening of the 4th instant young West was in a billiard saloon as spectator to a game of billiards. While sitting in the saloon he was approached by the Duffus brothers, when one of them charged him with having remarked at some previous time that he, (Duffus) "looked like a negro," and slapped West in the face. West arose, and apparently wishing to avert a collision, went to another part of the room. James A. Duffus then approached him and fired a pis tol, the ball penetrating West's head, from 1 the effects of which wound he died an hour i after. So sudden was the occurrence that the bystanders were completely taken by surprise, and the DufFus youths walked away, as though nothing of serious consequence had taken place. They were arrested, however, the same night of the murder, having gone to their residence and retired to bed. Their family had not learned of the murder until the officers went to make the arrest. After being taken to the guard-house, the prisoners betrayed no apparent emotion whatever, even after they had been informed of young West's death. They were perfectly calm, and to all appearance, did not realize the magnitude of the crime which they had committed. Both of them are young men, just upon the threshold of life, and they scarcely seem to realize the fact that by their rash act they have hurried a fellow-being into eternity, and plunged their own family into distress and grief. They will remain in jail until the next sitting of the Court of General Sessions, which occurs on the first Monday in October next. As a sequel to the unfortunate affair, the mother of the victim died of grief five days after the murder was committed. The Code of Honor. In an article on libel suits and duelling, the New Orleans Herald sums up the arguI ments aeainst such course of defense in the following forcible paragraph, which would transfer the mode of redress for injury from the physical to the moral arena: "If you are right and innocent, and can so demonstrate, your defamer will be held to a | severer judgment than any verdict for mone-; tary damages. Defend yourself not only with facts, but with the proofs of your innocence to be found in your life and character, as known ! of men. A man of pure life and conversa- j tion can never be affected by mere epithets and defamatory scandals. It is not worth living, if you cannot live down such things. If you cannot do these; if you cannot, by adequate proofs, exculpate yourself from imputations and charges made against you ; or, by your uniform conduct and life, silence j such assaults, it is pretty certain you never i can accomplish such results by shooting or j being shot in a duello, or obtaining a verdict! of damages in a suit for libel." Sunstroke. "Writing upon the subject of this and - - - - ^ t .1 f% i ! kindred complaints, Dr. woous gives tne 101lowing information, which is worth remember! ing during the summer months: "Sweating is nature's great refrigerative , measure, and to keep this up large quantities j of water should be drunk, not too cold, but i without stint?quarts, if the thirst crave it. Keep sweating, and you are probably not in ! immediate danger, but when, on a July or August-day, a man's head begins to throb and the surface grows dry and hot, whilst unwonted restlessness and lassitude come on, as he values his life let him leave his work, however : imperative, and take at once a cold bath.; ; There should in this disease be no waiting for the doctor. The remedy is so simple, the i death so imminent, that the good Samaritan passing by should save his brother. The | good Samaritan must, however, have a cool i head to be useful. Not every man that falls unconscious on a hot day has sunstroke. There is fortunately one criterion so easy of application that any one can use it. Go at once to the fallen man, open his shirt bosom I and lay the hand upon his chest; if the skin j is cool you may rest assured that whatever may be the trouble, it is not suustroke. If, on the contrary, the skin be burning hot, the case is certainly sunstroke, and no time should be lost. The patient must be carried to the nearest pump or hydrant, stripped to his waist, and bucketful after bucketful of cold water be dashed over him until consciousness begins to return or the intense heat of the surface decidedly abates." Railroad Affairs in <*roeiivillc. A correspondent of the Charleston Courier and News, writing from Greenville, under date of the 8th instant, in relation .to the proposed Laurens and Asheville Railroad, says: "A large and enthusiastic meeting was held here yesterday in the court house, called by the county commissioners, to consider the propriety of a subscription by the county of $150,000 to the new Laurens and Asheville Railroad. Colonel Krwin Jones was called to the chair, and T. F. Ferguson, Esq., acted as secretary. There were many speakers, among them Judge Cooke, our new circuit judge. The nieetiiier was very protracted, very divi ded, boisterous, and at times uncontrollable. Two or three of the first gentlemen of our county actually became engaged in fisticuffs, and we never have had as rowdy and disgraceful a meeting before or since the war. The sheriffbad to come forward to quell the noise. Many capitalists and intelligent men contend that it will be a waste of money to subscribe 8150,000 to build a road which will cost 84,000,000 ; that it will be another Blue Ridge failure, and that however desirable, it is impracticable to build it with our resources. The other side, "the Progressives," say "nothing venture, nothing have;" that, if we do not build this, Spartanburg or the old Blue Ridge will open a path to the teeming West, and that we will be distanced in the race to be an Atlanta or Chicago ; that, if we start it, capitalists, Northern capitalists?the Southern Security Company, for instance?will come to our help, and finish it for us. This is dealing in "futures" truly; but you know much of that business is going on, and, although hazardous, is sometimes successful. If we can get the road, it is argued, Greenville will rise, double its population in a few years, and be among the largest of the cities of the State. The question is to be put to a vote in a few weeks, and there will be great efforts made on both sides; but, as capitalists are few and the "Progressives" many, it is probable the latter will carry it, and we shall start the road." ^ Correspondence of the Yorkville Enquirer. THE CHOLERA. Chattanooga, July 9th, 1873. Twenty-seven coffins in one clay! Does that startle you, reader? Yet this little city is so scourged with that dread disease, Asiatic cholera, that the undertakers sent out twentyseven coffins last Thursday. Friday, there were fifteen deaths; Saturday, twelve; Sunday, sixteen ; Monday, fifteen ; Tuesday, ten ; and several new cases to-day, up to this writing. This fearful death-rate has sent a chill through every heart. Business is pretty well suspended. Fully half the population have left the city, and most of the remaining half would if they could. Among the lamented dead is JohnC. Gallaspie, one of the wealthiest and best-known citizens. Men die in four, five and six hours after being taken. This is the main reason why the disease is so dreaded. People have a horror of the King of Terrors at best, and when he comes with such sudden tread he is doubly terrible. There is no time to prepare for death as regards the future state; no time to arrange one's business, or hardjy to bid one's family adieu. Death from cholera is so sudden and so terrible that men often forsake their dearest friends who are taken with it, intent only on saving their own lives. At the Read House here, last week, the colored dish-washer was taken at four o'clock, and died shortly after dark. That night about half the servants left in fright. Often men who have faced tempests of ball and bullets upon a hundred hard-fought fields, will run like sheep when the Asiatic cholera appears. Bad as the disease has been here, it was even worse in Gallatin. There six per cent, of the population died in a month ! Gallatin is in Sumner county, thirty miles north of Nashville, on the Louisville road. It is a place of some three thousand inhabitants. The surrouuding country, for fifty miles, is hich, rolling, well drained and healthy. In the town, nor near it, there are no stagnant pools nor sluggish streams. 1 should judge it to be fully as healthy a place, in this respect, as Yorkville. But the cholera traveled from Nashville to Gallatin on the wings of the morning. Half the people fled, leaving less than fifteen hundred in town. Yet of these fifteen hundred, one hundred and two have died ! And this fearful death-rate iu a country town, always regarded as healthy. Is it not strange ? Who will account for it? Among the country people about Gallatin there is a panic. They come to town not at all. When the towns-people go to the country for supplies, bacon for instance, the countryman hangs a piece on the gate-post and retires while the purchaser takes it and leaves the money. But despite all precaution, the scourge has spread into the country between Gallatin and Nashville, and taken off many, although raging with much less violence than in the centres of population. At JNashville the disease is slowly subsiding, the daily death-rate varying from five to twelve. The scattered citizens are returning, and every train goes in full. The danger is that those who remained through it all, living on hard hara and dry bread, will, with the decline of the disease, go into vegetables with such vim as to raise the death-rate again. This is not the Nashville view, I know; they are all in a high state of hope there; but stranger things have happened. The deaths in Nashville, in June, were about five per cent of the population in the city. This is a very unhealthy exhibit. At Memphis the disease has about exhausted itself. It was not half as bad there as in Nashville. Indeed, it will take Asia itself to show anything equal to the death-rate in Nashville in June. With the population reduced to twelve thousand by flight, there were near seven hundred deaths ! During the run of the plague, it has been noted that cistern water is a preventive. In rinUnliii Ti.v f.miiltr ncinrr nictprn TORtpr AYAlll uauatiuj ii\/ lutuiij umug w*ww?? ? v? sivcly, has been attacked. In Edgefield, just across the river from Nashville, where cistern water only is used, there has not been a death, except such as took it in Nashville. There is something in this worth thinking about. It is also noticed that in. the large German population of this city, not one of that nationality has been stricken. Is it because they drink lager beer? Nemo. Eald Heads.?Women are never bald, that is, with a round, white, shiny top, like men, because they never wear close hats or caps, and men never lose hair below where the hat touches the head, not if they have been bald for fifty years. It is the close hat or cap that does the mischief. The heat and moisture thus retained upon the scalp weaken and finally destroy the hair glands. The remedy is sufficiently obvious. It is to wear a perfectly ventilated hat, and wash the top of the head frequently with cold water, rubbing it hard with the flats of your hands. Every one of the hair dyes is poisonous and should he shunned. LOCAL AFFAIRS. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. I L. M. Grist?Fire Wood Wanted. I D. McNeill Turner?Proclaim it from Dan to Beersheba. i Thomson and Jeffervs, Assignees?In Bankruptcy?Dividend Meeting in the Matter of Kerr A Roach, Bankrupts. Tarrant's Effervescent Seltzer Aperient. ; W. II. A J. P. Ilcrndon?Candles and Soap?Molasses?Rice?Put Ware?Sundries?Crackers-Tin Ware?Cotlee?Sugar?Bacon, Ac. Mrs. C. Craven?Foreign and Domestic Confectionery. John W. Simpson, President Board of Trustees? Laurcnsviile Female College. T. S. Jetferys, Secretary?Masonic Meeting. CHANGE OF LOCATION. The site of the post office heretofore known as Harmony, iu this county, has been changed | to Black's Station, on the Air-Line Railroad, | and the post < ffice will hereafter be known by j the latter nam \ THE RAILROAD SURVEY. By a private letter from Lenoir, N. C., we learn that the surveyors of the Chester and Lenoir Narrow Gauge Railroad, reached that place on Saturday last. It is understood that another line will be immediately surveyed from Lenoir to this place. PERSONAL. We received a call on Tuesday from Mr. A. M. Manigault, jr., who is visiting the upper counties of this State, in the interest of the well-known stationery and printing house of Messrs. Walker, Evans & Cogswell, of Charleston. Among the attorneys in attendance on the Circuit Court now in session, we notice the presence of C. Davis Melton, Esq., of Columbia ; Col. James H. Rion, of Winnsboro; John P. Gage, Esq., of Rock Hill; Solicitor W. H. Brawley and Maj. S. P. Hamilton, of Chester; and R. E. Allison and William A. Moore, Esqs., of Laucaster. ? MAIL ROUTE RE-OPENED. Through the exertions of Hon. Alexander S. Wallace, the member of Congress for this Congressional District, the mail route between Yorkville and Charlotte has been reopened, and post masters appointed for the post offices along the line. Mr. William Sahms has been appointed post master at Clay Hill; Miss Sarah E. Erwin, at Randlesburg; and Mr.S. Watson Reid, at Steel Creek, the latter office having heretofore been known as White Hall. The contract for carrying the mail has been awarded to Mr. Miles Johnson, of Yorkville, at $270 per annum, and the service ordered to commence on the first day of next August. 1UL LilVVUil VUUIil* The Court of Common Pleas and General Sessions?His Honor T. J. Mackey presiding?convened in adjourned term at 11 o'clock, A. M., on Monday. All the members of the grand and petit juries were present. Upon the organization of the Court, His Honor addressed the grand jury, saying that he deemed it unnecessary to give them further instructions at this period of the session than was given at the commencement of the term, there being no special matter on which to instruct them. He would remark, however, that he deemed it proper to call to their attention the fact that in York county a company of militia had been organized, their services tendered to the State authorities, and accepted. Arras have been, or will be issued to this company of militia, and in view of these facts?the company being composed of colored citizens?fears were entertained by one class of people?quiet, law-abiding and good citizens?that the organization of this militia company will tend to violence and disorder. The views of this class of worthy citizens should be properly and duly considered by those who administer the law. Another class say that should such a company of militia be organized, they will take the offensive and dissolve the organization by force. It is proper that the Court should notice this condition of affairs in York county, and bring to the attention of the grand jury the admonitions of one class who fear disorder and violence, and the threats of the other class who desire to incite disorder and violence. The militia are a part of the governmental organization of the State, which the Legislature even cannot remit, for it is established by ths fundamental law. Under the Constitution, the General Assembly have enacted laws rendering all able-bodied men between the a^ - of eighteen and forty-five years liable to military duty. Tho laws prescribe fines for failure to enroll, and make all needed regulations for the government and organization n Q ik A ntll ! A f *< Art tM/tl n oa ^ It A 1 r* ttt lit A All. Ui LUC Uillltia* J.U CUiUlCiU^ LUC ittYY, LUC OU~ thorities and State officials have no discretion. But having observed the repugnance of the whites to enroll themselves in the militia, the authorities have not attempted to enforce the law with rigor. This repugnance was gener- , ally conceded to be from the fact that the negroes were liable to this duty as well as the whites. This, in the opinion of His Honor, was a groundless reason, and he cited the case of white companies in Charleston and elsewhere, composed of the best citizens, who had fought through the late war, and were veterans in arms, who did not object to the organization of colored militia. In Charleston there are ten volunteer companies composed of whites, and fifteen militia companies composed of colored citizens ; and so far from any collision having occurred between them, their relations were amicable and friendly. Why should thecolored citizen, armed and organized pursuant to law, and in the peaceful exercise of his rights as a civic soldier, be regarded by the white South Carolinian as a hostile clement ? When ourstrong and brave men were in the front, the negro was the faithful sentinel guarding our defenceless homes, and toiling submissively to feed our wives and children. He did not strike for vengeance then, and he purposes no violence or wrong now. Indeed, when the hour of our disaster, and his triumph came, he often stood forth to soften the rage of the victor agaiust his vanquished master. It is the duty of the presiding Judge to as sure all that there will be no violence. The company is armed under the law, and while obeying the law and observing its requirements, they will be protected by the law. Offenders will be punished. No authority is delegated to the militia, simply because of j their organization as such, to violate the laws, I aud should they do so, they will certainly be ! punished and made to feel that their trans! gression is greater and the punishment more ; deserved than if the offenses were committed merely as citizens. The men who make threats against the company are not dangerous, and fortunately they | have but few representatives in York county. The large majority of the people of the coun; ty are law-abiding citizens ; but for the benefit of those who make threats, it is but proper to say that the slightest attempt at violence will be attended and followed with commensurate punishment. No aid will be called from the United States government. The State authorities alone are able and determined to protect the militia organizations, and already has the machinery been perfected * to attain this end. His Honor further denied i that it is the purpose of the State authorities