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lbwxs k-asist,proprietor.} - ^n Jitbtjptoirt JamiJg HUtospaftr: Jfor % |}nrmott0n of t|e ^slifital, Social, ^griodtaral anb ContmerciaJ |nte?is of tf|t jStonljj. rmu-4 *^T "'*' ' _ '___ _ _';. . I. " - _r~ ? ?-?? -"- ' : ' ? ' -**- f * _ - r ?rrrrr?:?-? - ? i " VOLUME III YORKVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1866. NUMBER 20. - .-.I.. ?? - ?uA?, , , ... ; .... bl m mOrr OH WELL. DO I REMEMBER. Oh, well do I remember Bow sadly I tore The first checkered apron That ever 1 wore. How I boohed and bellowed, And flooded with tears, When my mother gave me A box on my ears, Then a big piece of pie for the damage she'd done, To her dearest, her darling, but devilsome son. Oh, well do I remember, (They're fresh in mind) Those little white trousers. All buttoned behind; How I played in the puddle, And daubed them in din? How my grandmother shook me, But promised to buy me a nice sugar toy, If I'd but remember to be a good boy. Ob, well I remember My advent to schoolHow I got on the dunce block, And felt like a fool; How I pulled out the paper From Emiline's curls. For which I was planted On a aeat with the girls. Twas punishment fraught with confusion and pain, But Oh, I sbo'd like to be put there again. Oh, well I remember, when older I'd grown, I had to spread clover As fast as't was mown ; AUU UIC uugvi v* ..?-j Still points to the chum. And the hated old grindstone I dreaded to ram; For I churned and I turned till as weak as a cat, And sweat till as wet as a water-soaked rat. Ob, well I remember The old sorrel mare, That took me to meeting, To mill, to the fair? I rode her a plowing Till tender and sore Became my poor "T'other," And I eouldnt ride more; But oftentimes since I have heavily sighed To think of the "horse" that 1 daily must ride. pktllawmts. Official Text of the Preliminaries of Peace. The Gazette, of "Vienna, of the 3d of August, publishes the following as the text of the preliminaries of peaoe: Their Majesties, the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia, animated with the desire of restoring to their conn tries the benefits of peaoe, bare, with that view, and in order to fix the preliminaries of peace, named Plenipotentiaries, viz: His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, Count Aloysius Karolyl and Baron Adolph von Brenner Felsaoh : And His Majesty the King of Prussia, the President of the Counoil and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Otbo, Count BismarckSohonhaussen, who, after having exchanged their fall powers, fonnd to be in good and dne form, have agreed on the following fundamental acts as bases of peaoe to be concluded without delay: Article 1. With the exception of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, the territory of the Austrian monarchy remains intact His Majesty the King of Prussia engages to withdraw his troops from the Austrian territories occupied by thena, after peace is concluded, under reserve of the arragements to be made at the time of the definite conclusion of peace for the guarantee of the payment of the war indemnity Art. 2. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria reoognizes the dissolution of the Germanic Confederation, such as it has hitherto existed, and gives Germany, withnnt TMirtiaination of the Emnire of Aus "? ? I r 4 tria. His Majesty promises equally to recognise the oloser union which will be founded by His Majesty the King of Prussia, to the North of the line of the Main, and declares his consent to the German States South of that line contracting a union, whose national bonds with the Confederation of North Germany will be the object of an ulterior understanding between the two parties. Art. 3. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria transfers to His Majesty the King of Prussia all the rights which the Peace of Vienna of Ootober 20,1864, had recognized in him over the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, with this reserve, that the population of the Northern districts of Sohleswig will be anew united to Denmark, if they express the desire of a freely given vote. Art. 4. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria engages to pay to his Majesty the King of Prussia the sum of 40,000,000 of Thalers, to oover a portion of the expenses whioh the war has occasioned to Prussia; but from this sum is to be deducted the amount of the indemnity for war expenses whioh his Majesty the Emperor of Austria has still the right of exaoting from the Dnohies of Schleswig and Holstein, in virture of Artiole 12, of the treaty of peace of October 20,1864, before cited, say 15,000,000 of thalers, besides 5,000,000, as the equivalent of the expenses of maintaining the Prussian army, borne by the oountries of Austria occupied by that army until the conclusion of peace. A?+ Cnnformablv to the desire ex pressed by bis Majesty the Emperor of Austria, bis Majesty the King of Prussia de olares himself ready to leave substituting, at the time of the modifications which must take place in Germany, the territorial condition of the Kingdom of Saxony in its ac tual extent, reserving to himself, on the other hand, to regulate in detail, by a special treaty of peace with bis Majesty the King of Saxony, the questions relative to the share of Saxony in the expenses of the war, as well as the future position of the Kingdom of Saxony in the Confederation of the North of Germany. On the other band, His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, promises to recognize the ew organization whioh the King of Prussia will establish in the North of Germany, inoludingtbe territorial modifications whioh will be the consequence of it. Abt. 6. His Majesty the King of Prussia engages to decide His Majesty the King of Italy, his ally, to give his approbation to the preliminaries of peace, and to the armistice based on these preliminaries, from the time that, by a declaration of His Majesty the Emperor of the Frenob, the Venetian Kingdom shall have been put at the disposal of His Majesty the King of Italy. Art 7. The ratifications of the present Convention will be exobanged at Nickolsbarg, in tbe space of two days at tbe latest. Art. 8. As soon as the ratification of tbe present Convention shall have been effected and exchanged, their Majesties the Em peror of Austria and the King of Prussia will name plenipotentiaries, who will meet in a place to be afterward agreed on, to conclude peace upon the basis of the present preliminary treaty, aod agree upon tbe conditions of detail. Art 9. To this effect, the oontraoting States, after haviog settled these preliminaries, will oonolude for tbe Austrian and Saxon armies on tbe one part, an armistice, whose detailed conditions, in a military point of view, will be immediately fixed. That armistice will date from the 2d August, the day to wbioh the present suspension of arm9 will be prolonged. An armistice will be, at the same time, concluded here with Bavaria, and general Mantueffel will be charged to conclude with the Kingdom of Wurtemberg and the Grand Duchies of Baden and Hesse Darmstadt, after these States proposed it, an armistioe commencing the 2nd of August, and based upon the state of military possession of the moment. In testimony of which, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Convention, and affixed to it the seal of their arms. BISMARCK, M P. KAROLYI, M. P. BRENNER, M. P. From the Charleston Nctra. Sons of Temperance. We take pleasure in laying before our readers the action of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North America, at its 22d annual session, held in Montreal, Canada, June 21, 1866. We are indebted for a copy of it to Major B. D. Townsend, of Bennettsville, S. C , Past Most Worthy Patriarch of the Order. The National Division has acted handsomely in opening the door wide, and preparing the way for reconstruction. We doubt whether any other body?political, moral, or religious?has exhibited a better spirit than this, and we trust that all true Sons of Temperance at the South will appreciate this fraternal and magnanimous welcome, and reciprooate the greeting by falling into line again. With the resolutions, we copy also the circular letter of the M. W. P. The following preamble and resolutions offered by Brother R. M. Foust, of Pennsylvania, were unanimously adopted : Whvr*.,* T?rnm noarlu nil Honfionu nf nnr ! jurisdiction in which Grand and Subordinate Divisions now exist, we have the most encouraging reports of the advancement of the cause of Temperance, and the increase in numbers, influence and efficiency of our Order; and, whereas, in some parts of our jurisdiction various causes have operated to disrupt our organization, which causes iu the providence of God have generally been removed ; therefore Resolved, That this National Division, of North America, at this its Twenty second Annual Session, deems it to be its solemn duty to extend an invitation to all who have heretofore been Sons of Temperanoe to take their places again in our ranks and do battle with us manfully against the demon Intemperance, sharing with us the labors and the fruits of the viotories that we may win. Resolved, That the M. W. Patriarch be authorized and empowered, and he is here by authorized and empowered, to appoint at as early a day as practicable, in any portion of country heretofore under the jurisdiction of a Grand Division which has ceased to ex ist, a D. M. W. Patriarch, with the following power, viz: 1. To grant, in the name of the National Division, to all persons who have been Sons of Temporance within such jurisdiction who may desire to resume their places in the Order, and of whose constant fidelity to the pledge of total abstinence he is satisfactorily assured, certificates having the same effect and carrying the same rights, privileges, and honors as withdrawal oards regularly issued by Subordinate Divisions. 2. To grant charters and to institute Subordinate Divisions where the rales under which charters are osually granted by Grand Divisions are complied with, and generally to have and exercise the authority of a Grand Division until a Grand Divis' ion shall be regularly organized. Resolved. That Grand Divisions organi zed in jurisdictions in which Grand Divisions have heretofore existed, shall be deemed successors of the former Grand Divisions, with all their rights, powers and privileges in reference to the granting of cards and otherwise. Resolved, That the M. W. Patriarch and M. W. Scribe be authorized to remit to any Grand Division so situated any sums such preceding Grand Divisions may now owe this National Division, and tbat'such Grand Division may remit to any Subordinate Division in their jurisdiction any sums I they may have owed the former Grand Di[ visions. i Tn onnnr/liinAo toifh f.hft nhnvfi rflsnlntinns. I gladly extend an earnest and oordial invitation to all those who have been Sons of Temperance in times past, and for any cause have ceased to be active in the work, to once more unite with the noble band of worthy Brothers, who are working for the one single object of redeeming the world from the blighting curse of Intemperance. Thn mnUn nharaeteristifi of nnr Ord#?r of love, parity and fidelity, is still portrayed io the colors of the badge. We extend a Brother's band and a Brothers weloome to all who have filled stations of "trust, honor aod responsibility," and who, if they have been true to their pledges, will, nnder the above resointioos, receive their wellearned honors. It would rejoioe our hearts to see ail suoh return to our circle of honor and labor for the cause of all mankind.? Wine is still a mocker. Strong drink still rages. The land is filled with the viotims of tne great destroyer. in ever was mere so i much Deed of combined, aetive, persisteot' and energetio work as now. The alarming j increase of drnnkeness is turning the attention of the community to some effective organization where, in nnison with the gathering hosts, they can oomhine their efforts against the common enemy. An efficient Temperance press and able Temperance literature are already becoming powerful auxiliaries to suob a movement In tlbe Order of Sons of Temperance we have snob ab organization. It now numbers nearly 150,000 members, and increasing more rapidly than for many years. The wise and progressive legislation, leaving with Subordinate Divisions the entire control of their finances, admitting youths of both sexes at fourteen and upward when desired, and also admitting ladies to full membership if two-thirds of the members of Grand and Subordinate Division vote in favor, together with a olear, practical, and concise Constitution and Code of Laws, all combine to make the Order the leading instrumentality, and one eminently adapted to carry forward the cause toward the final triumph. A Deputy M. W. Patriarch will be appointed in States where Grand Divisions exist, will grant cards to all who are entitled under existing laws where obarters have been forfeited or surrendered. The former limitation of one year has been dispensed with. I shall be glad to correspond with any who may desire to know more of the Order and assist in the further extension of its principles and benefits. J. N. 8TEARNS, M. W. Patriarch, No. 172 William-Btreet New York. [Published by Request.] Stay Laws. To the Editors, Legislature and people of South Carolina. The Legislature will soon be convened for the purpose of modifying our Distriot Court system, so as to meet the requirements of the legislation of the late Federal Congress. It is the design of a strong influence in the State to use this extra session for the purpose of passing laws to delay or hinder the oolleotion of debts- I wish, briefly, to state the effeot of the attempt to carry out suoh a design. Saoh laws cannot be made valid without an amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Lawyers who say otherwise are badly informed or wilfully mislead the people Our present distress is owing, not so muoh to the devastations of war and emancipation, as to the shock given to our credit by the passage of our late stay law. Otherwise, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, with millions seeking investment, would not refuse to sell to us on a oredit. This is not opinion but faot. The merchants of these oities so say. They are alarmed at the animus of our legislation, and it will require at least one regular session of our Legislature to pass, without an attempt at the passage of such laws, to restore commercial confidence. No law has ever been passed, interfering with the laws of trade, that has not produced evil and barm to those intended to be benefitted. There are cases where the prevention of the collection of a debt wonld be almost a moral crime. There are others where the saorifice of a debtor's property would be an act worthy of Shylook. An honest publio opinion will regulate the arm of the law in these oases Why is it that now, with Sheriffs armed witb fi. fa.'s^very few levies are made? The agitation of the subject of stay laws holds out false hopes, and prevents creditor and debtor from compromising. It is not true that the creditors, as a gen era! rale, design the oolleotion of their olaimB; they desire to have them secured, which, being done, they are ready to grant any reasonable indulgence Oar legislature, if tbey close the civil courts and leave the criminal courts open, will thereby leave the Judges in a position whioh will enable them, as Jionest Jadges, to deolare all laws delaying or hindering the oolleotion of debts, "repugnant to the Constitution of the United States/' To close the oivil courts, theD, all courts must be closed. What follows? Tide General Grant's order: "The United States military will have cognizanoe of all crimes and misdemeanors, without regard to the oolor of the parties !" Liberty has already gone, this will take away her shadow now left as. Suppose, however, the oivil courts to be closed, what then ? The Freedmen's Bureau will collect the debts owing to freedmen. What follows? The white man will transfer his dead claim to a negro ! This is not conjectured?it was done in one District, to some extent, before the annulling of the late stay law. Again, suppose the hands of creditors, who are citizens of the State, to be tied ; then oreditors, who are citizens of other States, (now a large class,) whose olaims exceed 3500, will sue in the United StateB Courts, and the marshals will oollect, aided by a posse of Federal bayonets, if neoesBary. This is not all. Debts above 3500, found-1 ed on. bills or exchange, (Act 01 Sept. ti, 1788, Sec. 11,) promissory notes, (I Mason,; 251,) and notes payable to bearer, (II Peters. 318,) boda fide conveyances of titles to land, (II Samner, 252), which four classes of action will embraoe in amount three-fourths of all debts, will leave the State and become the property of citizens of other States, who will sue in the United OiA Hrttl i>ta OMSLCB VUUllO. Is it trae that creditors have no oonsoi-' eoce ? Is it trae that all debtors are honest ? Is it trae that oreditors are always' rich and the debtors poor? Is isjast to dis- ! regard the rights of the oreditor, although a poor widow or orphan, and to protect the debtor who may be in possession of the wid-: ows' or orphans' property withoat any consideration paid ? Is it not trae that those who flavor repudiation and stay laws are, as a general rule, either popularity-seekers, or those who owe more than they expect to collect from their debtors ? I pity the man reduced to poverty by the late war, and oan sympathize with him in his struggles, ev8n where, in his extremimity, he desires to stay the hand of justice; but great is my oontempt for the lawyer, or well informed man, whowill delude his fellows and his oountry?for it is too true that our honor and onr oredit are all that are left as; take them away and we are poor indeed. Let public opinioo alone, and fear not ! the bug bear of the poor debtor being (<sold out of house and home home " i ask when and in how many instances in our State, from its earliest history, has a man and his I family been sold out of house and home and < turned out of doors by bis creditor, unless i tbe debtor connived at it himself, in order i to take tbe benefit of tbe Insolvent Debtor's ] Act, or where tbe debtor was fraudulently i making way with or soreeoing his pioperty ? LAISSEZ NOUS FAIRE Idleness. I There is too muoh idleness in this oountry. ' It is breeding vice and immorality. It is 1 filling our jails with oriminals. Crime has 1 been on the gradual increase for six months. ( This comes of idleness; and idleness comes in a great measure of that abominable idea 1 that a white man cannot be a gentleman and { work. He must get money, for that is in * dispensable. But how? That's it. Young ' men have not the dispositon to work, and ( by patient economy secure a basis for busi- 1 ness operations. They must have it now. ' This suggests expedients. These lead to ( temptation; and temptation leads to orime. Hence, we have murders, horse thefts and breaches of trust. } Why should a young man consider it de- 1 grading or even undignified to work ? Pres < ident Johnson pnrohased his present resi- ' denoe in East Tennessee with the proceeds f of his labor as a tailor. One of the weal- 1 thiest bankers in New York oommenced the world as a gardener, selling to the huckster ' the products of his own labor Gen Pat Cleburn, at one time the head of the Ar- ' kaosas bar, subsequently the ruling spirit in 1 a powerful army, began life as a day-laborer. < Judge Reagan, Postmaster General of the j late Confederate States, was once a wood- 1 chopper on the banks of the Mississippi x The world is full of such example*. But ' where can we point to a suooessfu! man who ' spent his early youth in hunting business 1 whioh he considered to be more genteel 6 than manual labor? Who has ever heard ' of a man succeeding who spent his earl; manhood "waiting for something to turn op?" Young man if you would succeed, go to work. If you cannot obtain a clerkship, take something else. You had better be rolling barrels, or plowing, or building fence, or ohopping cord wood, or carrying the hod, than doing nothing. Quit depending upon your friends. Strike out for yourself. Learn at once the greatest of all lessons, that of self-reliance. Have a head, a will, a purpose of your own. Go to work and watoh your opportunity. The soil up- ^ on whioh you have been reared never re- * fuses a competence to those who are willing 5 to dig. Then, if you can do no better, dig. 8 It will pay to dig. Nor is there anything * undignified or vulgar in it. It is honor able, if you choose to make it so. Then dig 1 and watoh your opportunity But don't stand iaw ana "wait ior Bometning 10 turn ? op." 1 J U. S. Spies and Confederate Traitors. ? The Richmond correspondent of the New ' York Times, ?E. Cin his letter of the ( 7th, relates the following noique story : I The ooantry will remember that during s the winter our Government obtained assur c ance of the hopelessness of the rebel cause f by coming into possession of the testimony o of Geo. Lee before a committee of the rebel I Congress, which was never reported to the a House, except in secret session, if at all ? A full history of the manner in which the t Government obtained that information p would be more interesting than any romanoe, 1 but it is too soon yet to do more than out i line it. * The evidence of General Lee was g taken late in the winter by this committee, g and long before the oommittee had deter- ii mined what coarse they shoald pursue?al- t moat before the ink was dry upon thoir 1< notes?the entire statement of their rebel b General, word for word, was in possession c of President Lincoln at Washington. In b the room where the committee met was a g closet, and from that closet immediately af- a ter their adjournment, came the priceless h information. Oatside the hoase it at once p changed hands, and a second party walked 3 leisurely through the streets of Richmond s with it, uutil upon the environs, be encoun- p tered one of the common country carts of h this section proceeding with the half of a o newly-killed beef toward the rebel lines in r Butler's front. No communication that the most lynx-eyed could perceive passed be- e tween the man and the oart, but the former a gradually changed bis direotion, and was n Boon walking baok in the direction wbenoe be bad come. Tbe can went on, resooea and passed through the rebel oa.mps with- c out molestation and reaobed tbe piokets, b where it halted, as a matter of oonrse. Tbe v beef was destined for the house of a planter p just beyond the rebel lines and in plain 1 sight of their outposts, and about equi-dis- a tant between them and our outposts. The 1 explanations made and a careless search of b the cart by the rebel sentry, that is, a look tl into it, the cart prooeeded on its way.? a Just as it neared the house, a small party n of our oavalry made a dash at it, and to the n utter surprise of the rebel piokets, who saw li the whole affair, our men only hovered a a moment around the cart, then galloped t baok with one more than they oame with, b leaving oart and beef, and driver and mule n behind them. They did not know it then, ^ bnt under the beef was a man, and the man c had a package, and the paokage contained e 'be statements of General Lee before the jommittee of Congress a few boors before. In outline this was bow the thing was lone. It may seem strange, bat Lincoln md Grant knew, long before many of the highest officials of the insurgent Government, tbe sworn statement of their commander as to tbe hopelessness of farther resistance. Knowing that the Government md Grant had this information, explains many things in connection with the arrival within our lines of Hunter, Stephens and jampoeii. at tbe time ot the uampton Roads conference, whiob, at tbe time, were inexplicable. The feat of obtaining this Information is unrivalled in tbe annals of irar, and gradually, as tbe faots come to light, it will be found that Grant had every lay snch particular information from tbe rebel capital that he knew what Jeff. Davis was talking about eaob day in tbe most private of bis conversations with his Cabinet and members of his Congress - ?H?? ?Davis in Prison. The editor of tbe Abbeville Banner has seen permitted by a kind friend to make ;he following extracts from a letter lately reoeived, which gives some true aod interesting information concerning the President )f tbe late Confederate States. This letter, which was written without iny idea of publication, is in the familiar ityle of a friend deeply impressed with the roth of the subject of wbioh she writes, mparting in almost every sentence a sense )f that deep and fervid attachment which ill the women, and most of the men, of the ate Confederate States feel for tbe illustriins captive. But to the extracts : "My friend, Mrs. B. (Mr. Davis' niece) irrote me she was going to Fortress Mon oe, and invited me to join her. Not reviving her letter in time to meet her, we followed her to Fortress Monroe, and after tome little diplomacy got permission to ener and spend the day the (4th of Jnly.)? We had the happiness of seeing, listening :o and dining with our illustrious President ?illustrious by his misfortunes, his talents, lis high positions and bis many virtues, fhioh shine more resplendent in this day >f gloom Dr. Cooper (like Dr. Craven) 8 entbosiastio in his praise of him, says that t is impossible to entrap him into one ford of bitterness or impatienoe towards lis enemies, and shows himself greater in lis magnanimity, his patience and gentleless, his wonderful self-control under petty iligbts and indignities, than in the days of lis power in the Confederacy We saw lim first walking feebly across the parade Tom bis look opto the case mate where his fife lives, the nnrse and baby by bis side, lis emaoiated figure and tottering step teling the tale of hardships and ill-treatment. Presently we followed him, and not one of us int kissed the emaciated hands which he leld out to welcome us, wetting them with ears. He talks cheerfully, but with diffi lulty, his voice is so weak, and every hour key give him a teaspoonful of brandy, aod ie lies down often to rest his back. "I Could understand the temptation of [)r. Craven to set down his conversation, 10 wonderful is it, so pointed, so strong and 10 forcible, every sentence so concentrated is to seem the very essence of wisdom. I onnd out through Mrs. B., and Dr. Coopir, bis opinion of Dr. Craven's book; it is lot reliable. "He says he is often misrepresented and iftener misunderstood, not that be thinks Dr. Craven would falsify wilfally, but Col. Elalpin, who wrote the book for Craven, haw garbled the oonversation to suit his own riews and wishes. Col. Hatpin was on }ene?al Hunter's staff, hence he maker, ilr. Davis guilty of the inconsistency of aying, "Hunter was his model of a sol tier." Whereas, Mr. Davis said in our tresence, 'Hunter is simply a brute.' In >ur early days we were muoh associated, and thought him conscientious, though a fanitio, but he is entirely ohanged since then." "While Mr. Davis rested we were taken o see his apartment in Carroll Hall, which is treoisely like the apartments occupied by ionB and tigers in a menagerie. The back a closed and three sides of iron bars, and ;reat padlocks. Before tbese bars three ;uards walk gazing at him, walking, sleep g, washing, dressing; not even a unrtain o protect him At 9 o'clock A. M , he is et out, and at snnset the trnmpet sounds, lis guards appears, and he is locked in his age. A bright light, from two lamps, ilazes in his faoe, which with the ohallen;ing of the passers by, the changing of the entinels every two hours, effectually keep lim awakp. He walks out upon the ram arts from 5 to 6 P. M., Mrs. Davis and rlrs. B. supporting him. When the signal ounds for the look up and the guard ap lears, be says never a word, but turns from is companions with a look of so much agny, mingled with fortitude, as is heartending to witness. "The most toughing sight I ever witnessd was to see him lift bis emaciated hands nd say graoe?thanking God for all his leroies " An Odd Taste.?A great many artifiial tastes exist in animals as well as human leiDgs. The goats in Mr. Lynn's ship yard rill scent out tobacco if you have it in your ocket, and beg you to Bhare it with them, 'be deer in the public square have acquired n inordinate taste for the same artiole. 'he oddest oase of a perversion of natural aste we have yet seen, is that of a horse at be brewery of Messrs. Abbott & Co. The nimal will drink, whenever it is treated to t, a bucketful of porter, and would take aore of it if its thirst was sufficient. The iking for the beverage has been gradually cquired, just as many people are obliged o eat tomatoes, by nauseating degrees. The lorse was a pet In hot weather, the draynan would sponge his mouth with porter. Vhat might have been at first distasteful, ame to be sought for with the greatest agerness.?Philadelphia Gazette. Good NewB for the Htmgry. The New York Journal of Commerce, of Monday, the 20th ultimo, publishes the following, whioh will give oar readers some idea of the inexhaustible fertility of the Western conn try: Within six weeks?that is to say, by the 1st of October?will be harvested one of the largest corn crops ever prodaoed in the United States. Nothing can lode more luxurious than the fields of growing oorn that cover thousand of notes in the vattfee of the Ohio and Missouri Rivers, where one-half of the entire orop in the United States is prodaoed. A writer io one of the | Western ^papers calculates that, as a bushel ' of corn contains sixtv solid Dounds of erain. the crop of the earront year, even if it should not exceed 80,000 bushels, will amount to 4,800,000,000 pounds of graio, besides an equal weight in fodder. The value to the country of suob an aggregate of agricultural wealth, springing from a single crop, is not easily ooDoeiTed. Though wheat realizes a higher price per bushel in the market, its positive value as a life-sustaining product is muoh inferior to that of maize, ainoe the former averages but little more than one-third as muoh to the aore in the quantity grown. The statistics of the production of oorn in the United States for the last twenty-five years are as follows, viz: Bushelt. In 1840, total crop ..377,631,876 In 1860, total orop 592,671,104In 1860, total crop 830,451,707 In 1866, total crop(estim'ed) 1,039,000,000 The writer, whose oaloulations we have notioed, remarks upon this showing as follows: "The increase being at the rate of four per cent, per annum, the aggregate orop of 1866 will be over one thousand millions of bushels ! Estimate this at six ty cents per bushel, and conceive, if yon can, the feeding power of this enormous quantity of Indian corn*. No wonder that the farmers of the West exult in the prospeot afforded by their luxuriant fields. I bey have surely been disappointed, as no staple of agriculture seems so well adapted to resist the changes of our olimate. Taking the last twenty years to gether, the average yield per aore in the "Buokeye State" is not far from thirtythree bushels. Corn is a commodity which should not be despised. Secretary MeCullooh on the Finances. Secretary MeCullooh, being on a recent visit to bis native New England, was invi ted to dine with the solid men of Boston. Tbe letter failed to reaoh him till after bis return to Washington; baton tbe 18th ultimo he responded, showing why he coald not accept, and speaking of the national finances as follows: "Although it was hoped that ere this the currency of the oouutry would have been brought nearer to the speoie standard, lam sure tbe people have cause for congratulation that our finances are in so healthy a condition as they are. "Since March, 1865, the war has been brought to a successful conclusion; immense armies have beeu disbanded; every soldier has been paid before being mastered oat of the service; all matnring obligations of the Government have been satisfactorily provided for, while the national debt is nearly $250,000,000 less than it was estimated it would be at the present time, and the redoction of it has averaged, for the past year, more than $10,000,000 per month. If no other nation ever rolled up a debt so rapidly, none certainly ever com me need the reduotion of its debt so soon after its creation. If oar carrency is depreciated, wo have so far escaped the financial troubles that usually occur among nations at the close of expensive wars, and wbicb there was reason to apprehend would happen to as at tbe termination of the great war in wbiob we have been engaged. If tbe business of tbe country is conducted upon a changing and onoertain basis, it has been subjeoted to no severe revulsions. If our taxes are heavy, our resouroes are almost unlimited, while tbe disposition of the people to bear cheerfully their burdens, is a surprise even to those who have the greatest confidence in tbe honor and good faith of a free people. In my opinion, tbe people of tbe United States are to make republicanism illustrious among the nations by establishing the faot that the securities of a republican Government are the safest of all securities, and that the people who impose taxes upon themselves are the most jealous of their national oredit. I do not, however, disguise the faot that great financial difficulties are still to bp overcome : that our present prosperity is rather apparent than real; that we are measuring values by a false standard; that we are, in faot, exposed to all the dangers which attend an inflated and irredeemable ourrenoy, whioh diminishes labor?the trnesonroeof national wealth?and stimnlates speculations and extravagance, which lead invari- < ably to tbriftlessness and demoralization. Before tbe country becomes again really < prosperous, tbe speoie standard must be restored, prices reduced, industry stimulated, the products of the oountry increased, tbe balanoe of trade between the United States i and other nations cease to be against us? all tbe great interests of the country cared for and proteoted by wise and impartial legislation, and all sections of the country t 1 t-A * ? 3 to do orougni again into narmomous ana < practical relations with the General Gov- i eminent. That the country will be again thus really prosperous is as certain as anything in the fntare. That it should be so at an early day, and that, too, without a financial crisis, it is only neoessary that there should be proper legislation by Congress, economy in the pablio expenditures, and fidelity on the part of those who are entrusted with the management of the publio revenue. ' Trusting that you will pardon me for writing so long a letter in acknowledging the receipt of your very courteous invitation, I remain, very trnly, your obedient servant, HUGH McCULLOCH. / v/y i j Autographs of Eminent Persons. Qaeen Elizabeth : She was taught writing by Roger Aseham. Her first oopy book is to be seen in the Bodleian Library. She began well and improved rapidly. While a princess she came to write a beautiful engrossing had?clear and regular, almost an engraving of letters. But another signature, made after she bad been queen a long time, shoved a remarkable and melancholy change! The letters were now tbin, spiteful, the lines irregular?an ugly, old maid'i version of her former band?and the signature wae a thing to make one Mess one's self! It was an immense, thin mounts bank's letter?and then another such a let-' ter, with a signature worked between, the * whole hating the appearance of an outline of some wild scaffolding, whereupon stood the pale, grotesque, skeletons of fireworks, as they look before explosion. Martin Lather; Firm and legible, though not eery equal nor very straight. It appears to be characteristic of the man; as he had strong reasons for what he did. Sir Thomas Moore: By no means displaying the chltaa firmness be possessed; the lines crooked and tumbling down bill. Bubeni: Manly, bold, with a careless ease and clearness, denoting mastery of band Lord BaOOa: Very like an elegant moderti shorthand.? Clear, neat and regular. The signature involved with broken lines, as it k fly had , straggled tndf died in a spiders web. Vol- ; taire: Very olear, regular, steady and straight, evidently not writteo rapidly, but with a continuous ease, which might go on writing book after book in just the same way. Oliver Cromwell: Luge, bold, legible, steady, sharp and straight. The signature made up of halberds Sod palisades.? Bat another letter of bis was not at kit of this obaraoter. It displayed a perplexed and nodeoided mind at the time it was written. Prince de Conde: Not at all in accordance with the strong expression and bnfflalo features of his fiaoe. Charlotte Cor- , <fay: Firm, dear, steady, bat not without emotion. Cuvier: Very like the writing of Charlotte Corday, but not so strong and compact. Danton: Willful, daring, without method or care George IV: Not at all the gentle manly hand moat people wonld 1 expect?rather like a housemaid's. Pope : ' Very bad, small, fall of indecision ; a very hedgerow of oorreotione and emares Cardinal Wobey: A good Juad,' disturbed only by nervons energy and self will. Porson : Correct and steady; the reverse of his personal appearance and habits. Sleeping Caes?It is not, perhaps, generally known that the "sleeping cars" used upon all the principal railroads in the United Stateu are a monopoly, the profits of which are enjoyed by a few patentees, who have formed themselves into a corporation, and, by buying up all the new patents, now have the oontrol of the entire sleeping ear interval m tue uuuuujr, iuu ujr rigurwuBij guarding it, prevent the railroad companies from contracting and running can of this kind for themselves. The bargain made between the patentees and the railroad com* panies is that the patentees shall famish the can and keep the upholstery and bedding in repair, whilst the railroad company is to fnrnisb the motive power and^ keep the car in repair The company is thus saved the oost of a car it woald otherwise have to bnild, whilst the patentees, by oharging extra fees of the passengers, make money qnite easy. A sleeping car costs about $5000, and its anbnal expense for attendants and incidentals is abont $2900. The average receipts are said to be $30 a daj/ for each car, or $9000 annually?a yearly profit, when the expenses is deducted, of $6100 upon the original investment of $5|000. On some of the great railroads, how** ever, the profits frequently reaoh 800 per cent, per annom.?Philadelphia, Ledger " Wx Object?The New York Etenvna Post appeals to the Repoblican orators to take tbe stomp in tbe Sooth to extend the influence and organization of that party. Hear tbe Potfs appeal: "'Ttli' special I j important that tbe Sootb sboold be 'stomped and we sboold be glad to see forty or fifty leading Repoblioan speakers ondertake this work. Tbis is the troe missionary groond of tbe party progress in this ooontry." We beg tbat we may be spared this visitation. We are afraid Botler will volonteer for the work, or that Sberman will tarn aside from the path be has beet) panning in tbe North, and seek aodienee in these parte. Tbis we coold not stand It woold prodaoe consternation in all tbe oities, towns, villages, hamlets and ooontry districts. Old women woold oommenoe bory ing their bacon hams and silver spoons again. There would be a general ripping of seams in dresses to hide greenbacks in, and snoh confusion wonld prevail as has never had* parallel except when Sherman canvassed our country several months ago. ' hi Wilmington Dispatch. Something for the Ladies Colored' starch is the latest and greatest novelty of the season. It is made in pink buff, the new manve, and a delicate green and bine will soon be prodoced. Any article starched with the new preparation is completely colored?dyed we should have said, but as it washes oat, and the garment that was pink to-day may be green to-morrow, tod uff .ft.?mb nan hintfv saw *' "WU WUUOj IfV ww? j j It is ioteoded especially for tboee bright bat treacherously oolored maslins, that are costly, wash oat and perplex their owners. ? If the pattern has been mauve, they oUlfneed the maove starch ; if green, green starch; and they can be rendered one even and pretty shade, thai beooming not only wearable agkin, but very stylish. White antimacassars or laee curtains may also be colored in the same way, and infinite variety afforded.