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william wRIeast. [propr,et?ro. |nkpcnbciit jfamiln |Icluspapcr: Jfor t|c promotion of t|e political,-.Social, Agricultural airir Commercial Interests of t|je Soutjj. {$2 per year, in advance. VOLUME 7. YORKVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 13, 1861. NUMBER 24. fp^ttawans jlrtkbs. fe Letter from Mr. Vallandigham. P Dayton, Ohio, May 13, 1861. To Messrs. Richard II. Ilendrickson, hT. G. Ogle shy, John McClellan, William J. Wik'le, Simon Goldman, James G. Lummis, ZX H. Peel, J. P. Hand, i/o/m Z7. Jones, A. G. Glandenning, II. P. Glough, J. G. Parries, and 11*. H'. Settell, Middletoicn, Ohio. Gentlemen : Yours of the 9th instant, requesting mv opinion upon certain points connected with what you justly style the present "inglorious, and it may be, bloody war," has been received. That opinion was since formed, and was repeatedly set forth through the press or by speech and vote in the House of Representatives last winter, and re-affirmed in a card dated on the 17th of last month, a few day9 after the commannamant nf tVio wop ltnf. innsmuoh SS I never had occasion to discuss this particular question at length, I beg leave to adopt the following admirable summary of the casein an extract from a carefully prepared and exceedingly able speech of the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, in the Senate of the United States, March 15th, 1861 : "I prefer such an amicable settlement to peaceable disunion ; and I prefer it a thousand times to civil war. If we can adopt such amendments as will be satisfactory to Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and the other border States, the same plan of pacification which will satisfy them will create a Union party in the cotton States which will soon embrace a large majority of the people in those States, and briDg them back of their own free will and aocord ; and thus restore, strengthen, and perpetuate the glorious old Union forever. I repeat, whatever guarantees will satisfy Maryland and the border States (the States now iu the Union,) will create a Union party iu the seceded States that will bring them back by the voluntaiy action of their own people. You can restore aud preserve the Government in that mode. You can do it in no other. "War is disunion. War is final, eternal separation, lience, disguise it as you may, ever) union man i america iuusi a'?"cate such amenctmeuts to the Constitution . as will preserve peace and restore the Union while every disuniooist, whether openly or secretly plotting its destruction, is the advocate of peaceful secession, or of war, as the surest means of rendering reunion and i j nstraction impossible. I have too much respect tor his intellect to believe, for one moment, that there is a man for war who is not a disunionist per sc. HeneI do not mean, if I can prevent it, that the enemies of the Union?men plotting to destroy it?shall drag this country into war, under the pretext of protecting the public property, enforcing the laws, and collecting revenue, when their object is disunion, and war the means of accomplishing a cherished purpose. "The disunionists, therefore, are divided into two classes; the one open, the other secret disunionists. The one is in favor of peaceful secession and a recognition of independence; the other is in favor of war, as the surest means of accomplishing the object, and of making the separation finr.l and eternal. I am a Union man, and hence against war; but if the Union must be tern porarily broken by a revolution, ana tne establishment of a de facto government by some of the States, let no act be done that will prevent restoration and future preservation. Peace is the only policy that can lead to that result. * "But we are told, and we hear it repeat' ed everywhere, that we must find out wheth' er we have got a Government. 'Have we a Government?' is the question, and we are told we must test that question by using the military power to put down all discontented spirits. Sir, this question, 'have we a Government?' has been propounded by every tyrant who has tried to keep his feet or the necks of the people since the world began. When the barons demanded Magna Cbarta from King Johu at Runnymede, ht exclaimed, 'have we a Government?' anc called for his army to pull down the dis contented barons. When Charles I attempt ed to collect the ship's money in violatior of the Constitution of England, and in dis regard of the rights of the people, and was \ resisted by them, he exclaimed, 'have we i Government? We cannot treat with reb els; put down the traitors; we must show that we have a Government.' When Jame< II was driven from the throne of Eoglanc for trampling on the liberties of the people he called for his army, and exclaimed, ?!e us show that we have a Government !'? When Geoige ill called upon his army to puk- down rebep'">n in America L'w< North cried out lustily, 'no coniprmuisi with traitors; let us demonstrate that w< have a Government.' When, in 1848, tin people rose upon their tyrants all over Eu rope, and demanded guarantees for thei rights, every crowned head exclaimed 'hav -e a Government?' and appealed ti the army to vindicate their authority am enforce the law. "Sir, the history of the world docs n?fail to condemn the folly, weakness, am wickedness of that Government which drev .its sword upon its own people when the ^ .demanded guarantees for their rights.? 'This cry, that we must have a Go.eminent is merely following the example of the be sotted Bourbon, who never learned anythin] by misfortune, Dever forgave an injury never forgot an affront. Must we demon strate that we have got a government, am coerce obedience without reference to th justice or injustice of the complaints 1? Sir, whenever ten million people proclaim to you, with one unanimous voice, tha they apprehend their rights, their firesides and their family altars are in danger, i becomes a wise Government to listen toth appeal, and remove the apprehension. His tory does not record an example where an human Goverment has been strong enoug to crush ten millions of people into subje< tion when they believed their rights an liberties were imperiled, without first coi verting the Government itself into a despi 1 tism, and destroying the last vestige of frei dom." These were the sentiments of the Demi cratic party, of the Constitutional Unic party, Bnd of a large m jurity of the Republican presses aud party, only aix weeks ago. They were mine ; I voted them re peatedlv along with every Democrat end Union man in the House I have seen nothing to change, much to confirm them, since; especially in the secession, within the last thirty days, of Virginia, Arkansas. Nirth Carolina and Tennessee, taking with them four millions and a half of people, immense wealth, inexhaustible resources, five hundred thousand fighting men, and the graves of Washington and Jackson. I shall vote them again. Waiving the question of the doubtful legality of the fust proclamation, of Anril 15tb, calling out the militia for "thrc?s, mouths," under the Act of 1795,1 will ye*; vote to pay them, because they had no mo tive but supposed duty and partriotism to move them; and, moreover, they will have rendered almost the entire service required of them, before Congress shall meet Rut the audacious usurpation of President Liucoln, for which he deserves impeachment, in daring, against the very letter of the vuuaiiiui'iuiJ) uuu wiuiuui cm; duuuv/*? u? law, to "raise aod support armies" and to "provide and maintain a navy," for three or five years, by mere executive proclama-, tion, I will not vote to sustain or ratify? never. Millions for defence ; not a man or a dollar for aggressive and offensive war. The war has had many motives for its commencement; it can have but one result, whether it last one year or fifty years? final, eternal separation, disunion As for conquest and subjugation of the South, I will not impeach the intelligence of any man among you, by assuming that you dream of it as at any time or in any way possible. Remember the warning of Lord Chatham to the British Parliament: "My Lords, you cannot conquer America." A public debt of hundreds of millions, weighing us and our posterity down for genera| tions, we canuot escape. Fortunate shall i we be if we escape with our liberties. In-( ! deed, it is no longer so much a question of j | war with tho South, as whether we our-; j selves are to have Constitutions and a Re-1 [publican form of Government hereafter in j i the North and West. In brief, T am for the Constitution first, j land a all hazards; fur whatever can now be saved of toe Union next; and for peace always, as "^ential to the preservation of either. L.:t, whatever any one may r',:nk of the wa-, one thing, at least, every . .er of liberty ought to demand inexorably, that it shall be carried on strictly subject to the jf nsluudon. ; The peace policy was tried ; it arrested ! sec- ?>ion, and promised a restoration of the| Union. The policy of war is now upon j I trial; in twenty days it b-s driven lour j States and four millions ano a half of peo j pie out of the Union and into the Ooufed eray of the South. In a little while longer it will drive out, also, two or more States, i and two millions or three millions of peoI pie. War may, indeed, be the policy of the | Fast, but peace is a necessity to tne West. I would have volunteered nothing, gen tlemen, at this time in regard to this civil {war; but, as constituents, you had a right to know my opinions and position; and | briefly, but most frankly, you have i:-m. My only answer tc those who indulge 101 slander and virtu perutioo, was given iu the! jcard of the 17th of April, herewith endorsed. Very truly, C. L. Vallandigham. Letters of Marque. We have been shown a copy of a letter jof marque. The act concerning letters of | marque, prizes and prize goods, has been j published in this paper, and we deem it " unnecessary to republish it. We, therefore, : only publish the President's instructions to 1 private armed vessels, and the form of the 1 bond to be entered into by persons applying for letters: ' president's instructions to private ARMEI) VESSELS. 1 1. The tenor of your commission under ' j the act of Congress, entitled "An act to reljCOguizethe existence of war between the Jj United States and the Confederate States, and concerning letters of marque, prizes ' r-nd prize goods," a copy of which is hereto 'lanuexed, will be kept constantly in view. ' The high seas, referred to in your comoiie" sion, you will understand generally to re-1 fer to the low water mark ; but with the ex1 ception of the space within one league, or ' three miles from the shore of countries at : peace both with the Uuited States and the 5 Confederate States. You nevertheless exe' j cute your commission within the distance '; of the shore of a nation at war with the U. I States, and even on the waters within the "! jurisdiction of such nation, if permitted to I' do so. 1 i 2. Ycu e to pay the strictest regard to the rights of neutral powers, and the usages Biofcivi izvd nations j aud in all your proceedL> iugs tewa* * ucutral vessels, you are to give them ..o little molestation or intf-ip r tion as w"l consist with the right of u or ' taining their neutral character, and of detaio'iD" and bringing thetn ic for regular I* juu.. .tiou in the piopv >ases. You are ! par tic'".' rly to avoid even the appearance of f|Usi -i.' mrce or seduction, with the .iew to d 1 deprive such vessels of their crews or the v ! passengers of other than pers us in the miliy I tary service of the enemy. - 3. Towards enemy vessels and their h crews, you are to proc- exerjisirig the rights of war, wi:h ail the justice and hu2 inanity which characterize this Government i j anu us cuizeus. ! 4. The master, and one or more of the d j principal persons belonging to the captured 0 vessels, are to be sent, as soon after the -(capture as may be, to the judge or judges 0! of the proper court in the Confederate tj States, to be examiued upon oath, to-.. Ine !>! the interest or property of the captured vo.i t j sel and her lading ; aud, at the same time, e|are to be delivered to the judge or judges, all papers, charter parties, bills of lading, yj letters and other documents and writings h ] found on board ; and the said papers to be H proved by the affidavit of the commander d | of the captured vessel, or some other per ison present at the capture, to be produced j as they were received, without fraud, ad> e" dition, subtraction or embezzlement. f>. Property, even of the enemy, is ox o- cmpt from seizure on neutral vessels, unlesi in it be contraband of war. If goods contraband of war are found on any neutral vessel, and the commander thereof shall o^er to deliver them up. the offer shall be accepted, and the vessel left ? liberty to pursue its voyage, unless the quantity of contraband goods shall be greater than can be conveniently received on board your vessel, in which case the neutral vessel may be carried iuto port, for the delivery of contraband goods. The following articles are declared by this government contraband of war, as well as all others that are so declared by the laws of nations, viz: All arms and implements, serving for the purpose of war by land or sea, such as canuons, mortars, guns, muskets, rifles, pistols, petards, bombs, grenades, balls, shot, shell, pikes, swords, bayonets, javelins, lances, horse furniture, holsters, belts, and generally all other implements of war. Also, timber for shipbuilding, pitch, tar, *?Aoin J r? ooi IC Komn t*r\vA^\ IU ouvvioj OUIIOJ uuiuj/) vu?uage, and generally whatever may serve directly to the equipment of vessels, wrought iron and planks only excepted. Neutral vessels conveying enemies' dispatches, or military persons in the service of the enemy, forfeit their ueutrral character, and are liable to capture and condemnation. But this rule does not apply to ueutral vessels bearing dispatches from the public ministers or ambassadors of the enemy residing in neutral countries. By command of the President of the Confederate States. ROBERT TOOMBS. Secretary of State. FORM OF BOND. Know all men by these presents : That we (note 1) are bound to the Confederate States of America in the sum of (note 2) thousand dollars, to the payment whereof, well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators, jointly and severally, by these presents. The condition of this obligation is such, that whereas, application has been made to the said Confederate States of America, for the <r;;i':t of a commission or letter or marque, and general reprisals, authorizing the (note 3,) or vessel called the to act as a private armed vessel in the service of the Confederate States on the high seas, against, tiie United States of America, its ships and vessels, and those of its citizens, during the pendency of the war now existing between the sai * Confederate States aD(! the said United States. Now, if owners, officers and crew, who shail be employed on board of said vessel when commissioned, shall observe the laws of the Confederate States, and t! instructions whi \ shall be given them according to law for the regulation of their conduct, and shall satisfy all damages and injuries which shall be doue or committed contrary to the fenor thereof by such vessels during her commission, and shall deliver up said commission when revoked by the President of the Confederate States, then this obligation shall be void, but oth erwise shall remain in full force and effect. Signed, sealed aod deliverd in presence of , on this day of \ 0 1 C D > Witnesses. [Seal] [Seal.] [Seal ] [Seal.] 1 Votp 1.?This blank must he filled with the I name of the commander for the time being, and the owners, at least two responsible sureties, not interested in the vessel. Notk 2.?This blank must be filled with a "five," if the vessel be provided with only 150 men, or less number; if more than that number, the blank must be filled with a 4 ten." Note 3.?This blank must be filled with the ; character of the vessel, "ship," or "brig," "schooner," "steamer," &c. Particulars of the Fights at Aquia Creek and Fairfax. We clip the following from the correspondent of the Richmond Dispatch : Fkedericsburo, June 1.?I have just returned from our batteries at Aquia Creek, where I witnessed the fight of yesterday, and to day, between four or five United States steamers and our battery at the Creek. On Thursday evening last, four United States steamers, one of them the "Anacostia," were seen lying off "Maryland Point," and our brave boys anticipating a brush, prepared at once to give them a warm reception. On Friday morning, about 10 o'clock, he "Auacostia" aod three other steamers i were seen to get under way, and approach's ing within two and a half miles of the bati tery, op~i 1 fire on i;. Our boys promptly ;reponded, and the tire was continued for inn hour and a half between the steamers j arid battery, when Walker's Flying Artillery, supported by the R. L. I. Blues, Cap I tain Wise, oi your city, came up with a (run from Marlboro' Point, and opened on I the steamers, the fire continuing for au j hour and a half. During th"1 engagement (several p- n were seen to fad on the steamers, and it generally believed that at least one of the vessels was badly injured, as all of them withdrew from the fight about 4 o'clock. During the eogageu'?nt a shot from a r."y piece ou one of the jamers passed over our battery, about two hundred yards over head, and fell two miles in rear. The men in the battery sustained mi injury, the only damage done being tht rearing to pieces of tin officers' quarters bj a shell from the enemy's gun. To day, about 11 o'clock, the "Anacos t:a," a large three-masted steam propeller, {supposed to be the Pawnee, and four othei : vessels, came iu sight, three of the steam ers opening ou our battery. The tight was (continued for six hours, the vessel firing 1599 shot at us without doing the slightest I injury, notwithstanding the fact that the (shell fell thick as hail around out battery, land one of them passed through a port holt i and exploded in our midst. Our batterj (fired 100 shots, many of which took effect ion the vessels; one of them carrying awa} {the flag of the Auacostia, and another cut .ting down the mast of the large propeller I The last shot fired was from one of Walk |er's riHe pieces, which ricochetted aric !struck the large steamer just above th< water lino, immediately after which tlx ! fleet got under way and moved off, proba bly to repair damages. Daring the fight our men were as cool as icebergs, every one exhibiting a bravery and determination tbat would have done credit to veterau soldiers. During the two days' fight none of our men were killed, and only one of them slightly injured?not enough to prevent his taking part in the fight. Should the enemy attempt to effect a landing at the Creek hereafter, you will then learn with ! certainty that somebody has been hurt. Fairfax, C. II., June 1.?At an early hour this morning, our village was thrown into great excitement by the arrival of Federal troops, the firing of guns, and the yells of the enemy. ! Unexpectedly a company of regular cuvJalry, well armed and mounted, and headed by a traitor, dashed through the principal streets, yelling like madmen, and firing their pistols right and left as they sped along. Captain Marr, of the Warrentou Rifles, whose company was stationed in a meadow in rear of the town, on hearing the firing, ran out to ascertain the cause, when | he was shot down and killed. This fact j threw the Rifles into temporary confusion, |the Frst Lieutenant being absent; in the jmeautimc, the United States Cavalry agaiu j charged through the town, firing and yel! linrr Wv.flnw Smifli nrhn tend fpmnnril j"-0- w?. " "" I jrily here, hastened over to the camp of the (Rifles, and rallyiug them, was proceeding to meet the enemy, when Col. Yuell appeared and took command. The cavalry, in the meantime, came dashing through j the town for - he third time, when a well directed volley emptied a number of saddles, nod caused the hireling soldiers to beat a hasty retreat. Our men closed upon the HessiaD.s as speedily as possible, and besides killing five of them, and capturing six or eight fine horses, took eight or ten prisoners, three of whom were carried to Manassas Junction for safe keeping. ; A friend, who heard the firing, and saw (the retreat of the valiant cavalry, says there i were not less thun fifteen or twenty horses jscarupeiing over the fields, minus their rijders; and another informs me that he has Iseen five dead bodies of cavalry men. j In the skirmish which took place, our ! only loss was that of Capt. Marr, than whom 'a more biave soldier, or gallant gentleman, lever lived or died; and he was no doubt I killed by an accidental shot. Another of j j our men was slightly wounded. Let us be j thankful that the God of Battles is with us, land relying upon His providence, and the (justness of our cause. I am sure we shall j eventually triumph over our enemies. ; Warrenton, June 1.?The body of the lamented Marr reached town this even ing, and was escorted to the residence of his deeply afflicted mother by the Lee Guards an I a very large concourse of citizens, i The South Carolinians, 2,100 strong, | have advanced to the Court House, together with Kemper's Flying Artillery, while stroug supports have been advanced from j (Manassas Junction. If all the men at the) (junction and Fairfax Court House could be advanced on Alexandria, we have enough j to whip all the troops on this side of the rivjer, but I wou't tell how mauy there are. Victory or Death. When the French Republic was threat ened with invasion, and the safety of the State proclaimed in danger, all citizens (rushed to the standard of the country. Impelled by patriotic fervor, and the inspiring words of the Marseilaise, the frontiers were speedily crowded by impetuous, impulsive aud impatient warriors. The great difficulty was to direct and discipline the eager (mass. The number of experienced officers i ?f?c> omoll on/1 noooocifn nnnimtllnr] a j resort to new and untried men, all of whom | were eager for tbe post of honor and danIger. The energetic statesmen who then ruled FraLce met the crisis by proclaiming I that victory or death was required at the i hands of every officer. No excuse would iue received for defeat under any circurnj stances. Nothing but victory could satisfy jthe demand of patriotism and the safety of ! the State. If they encountered the enemy, j they must conquer or die. There was no j other alternative?better be martyrs than | dastards. The effect of this energetic policy, vigorously pursued, was vast and instantaneous. The invaders were speedily expelled from her soil by the invincible legions of France, and names never before heard, filled the j trump of fame. I vve are in a situation somewnat similar. At the first cry of invasion, our popu'ation 1 have rushed to arms?all anxious to share in the glory and the peril of routing the invading foe. With the exception of the few officers of the late United States army, Iwho have rallied to our standard, practical r war is a thing unknown to our citizen soljdiers. The vast majority of our officers are, j therefore, and necessarily, unknown men. | They have to be tried, and upon the success j of the trial will depend the lives of our peojple and the safety of the State. To adopt. the stern rule of the French committee, aud exact immolation or victory might not accord with the manners or the feelings of jo i.* age. But the next most rigorous ex | action snouia De strenuously insisted on.? I Dismissal from the service, instant and | without regard to circumstances, should folj low every failure. Success is the highest? ! j the greatest?the one pre-eminent and indis'jpensable, self-sufficient and all-sufficient ! i virtue in an officer. With it all things may ' | be accomplished : without it, nothing. Our | officers must learn to command that talis j man, or they must cease to command a eor, j poral's squad of our people. This should ' be uuderst jod at once, as the fixed and irrevocable law. It is demanded by the lives i of our soldiers?by the vast interest at stake ; ?the safety of the Commonwealth?the i freedom and independence of the Confede! j racy.?Richmond Whig. i A silort War.?All the Northern pampers insist that the war must be short.? i! They will not admit the possibility that it fjcan be protracted. It must be closed by . | autumn, they say, that trade and business .! may be resumed. This is a matter on .j which more than one may have a voice.? I'No doubt it would suit Vankeedom very j | well to subjugate the South in sixty days, 3land make us pay the expenses of the war. -'and have us ever after as abject and sub' missive vassals. But this might not ex actly suit ?*. They may inundate us with their 500,000 warriors, burn our cities and lay waste our fields, if they can, but that 1 would not subdue us. We should be a < little fiercer than ever for war, and never i would consent to bury the hatchet until i we had paid them in their own coin ; sack- : ed their cities and desolated their homes. Their idea of whipping a free people into ' submission and affection, is like mady oth- ; er of their absurd "notions," and only ex- < poses their own weak side. They are I creatures whom the lash would tame to I obedience, and they judge of others by I themselves. A short war, indeed ! If the acknowl- i pdfrment of Yankee desnnt.ism he a eondi- i "o r tion precedent to its close, the youngest ' child now living may reach the age of Me- < thuselah without seeing its end. Blooded ' horses don't pull free to a cold collar! Wo < do not expect to get warm to the work in twelve months; aud if it requires ten yeurs we will make the Yankees pay the expenses of this unprovoked and atrocious war! Richmond Whiff. 1 New York Getting Frightened. The following communication is published in the New York Express of Thursday evening: "War with England?Make Preparations Seasonably.?I see from the published proceedings of the Uniou Dc fence Committee, in today's papers, that a resolution has been unanimously adopted by them calling the attention of the General Government to the necessity of strengthening the defences of New York city. This is a step in the right direction, and it can not be taken a moment too soou. Almost every day seems to strengthen the probability that we shall have war with Great Britain, and possibly with France, withiu the next six months. Those unscrupulous and ambitious monarchial powers have no special attachment for our free institutions, and the recent enactment of the Morril tariff (which virtually excludes from our market many kinds of British goods) has excited bitter prejudice against us. Superadded to this the English and French Governments are almost compelled to have the cotton, tobacco and naval stores which are produced by the Southern States; and if these cannot be obtained by fair and peaceful commerce, the chances are that they will be acquired at the haz.rd and expense of war. Already do British ships begin to run the blockade of Southern ports, and complaints are being heard against British consuls and British agents. "If the complication arise with Great Britain, as seems now most probable, our city is by no means secure against attacks from her powerful navy, and if Frauce should league with her it will require all our watchfulness and strength to ward off the damaging blows which will be aimed at our commerce and our cities upon the seaboard. Let us therefore take counsel from prudence and our fears, and be well prepared for whatever contingencies may arise." ?>!<> IIow Minister Corwin is Received in Mexico.?By a late arrival the New Orleans Picayune is in receipt of the Trair d'Union, a journal published in the city of Mexico, from which it translates an article with reference to the new U. S. Minister. A ft.tw A?nnnr?nlnr? V\io nrritrol thn fPrntf. /ITT. i A. 1 L U X UUUUUUumt, uiu WIIKU. V.?V ^ V v V/ Dion goes on to say: "In what capacity does this representa tive, appointed by Mr. Lincoln, come here ? Evidently in the capacity of Minister of the United States?that is to say, of the Confederacy, such as it was before the separation of the States of (he South. Can he, ought he to be received in that capacity? This is the first question to be solved. "We must be very careful ou that poiut. The first step on such grounds may be verydangerous. Mr. Corwin would not be simply recognized as the representative of only the States of the North ; and the Mexican Government cannot recognize bira as representing the States of the South. "If Mr. Lincoln's euvoy limits his pretentions to be only the representative of the North, he strikes a blow at the diguity of his own government, and admits thereby that the administration, whose commission he holds, is making in this moment an uninaf nnr? unlawful war on the South and I that is not possible for him to do. "If Mexico should receive him as representing at once the States of the North and of the South, it would thereby discredit the legitimate authority of the Confederate States and of the government at Montgomery?and this is not more possible for them. "Mr. Corwin comes, as is said, to conclude a treaty. That question may be handled later. The question for the present is, that of his reception, and frankly, the case seems to us a very embarrassing one. Perhaps it will be submitted to Congress. We shall see how they will get rid of it. "It must not be forgotten that the Republican party?the same which Mr. Corwin represents refused to ratify the treaty of McLean, which was so favorable at the time to the Liberal cause, on the main ground that the treaty had been made by a government whose authority did not extend over the whole nation. This argument may now be returned against the Repulicans ; for the authority of Mr. Lincoln is certainly very far from reaching over the whole of the country which once formed the confedera tion of the United States. "This reasoning is strengthened by other considerations not less potent. The necessity which Mexico has for living ou good terms with the Confederate States, its neighbor; the danger to its frontiers of making for itself so formidable an enemy; its need of commercial relations with the Confederate States, and many other irresistible reasons, upon which wo shall take more than one occasion to dilate." Military Officers.?There is a striking contrast between the principal officers ! in the two armies now concentrating in! Virginia. We see it stated by the New; i York Express that the ages of the general i |officers in Lincoln's army run as follows:: 'Scott, aged 75; Wool, 73; Harney, 65;\ Mansfiield, 60; Totten, head of the Engi-: jneer, 80; Craig, head of the Ordnance De-j Ipartment, 76; Itipley, Ordnance, 70; Sum-' ner, G5; Lawson, Surgeon General, 80; ? Lamed, Paymaster General, 70; Gibson, I Commissary General, Churchill, Inspector t General, and Thomas, Adjutant General, J ire old men, having entered the army in 1 the beginning of the present century, Gib3ou in 1808, and Churchill in 1812. s In the army of the Confederate States i ive find Davis, Commander-in-Chief, a e young man, comparatively, and full of jnergy, vigor and fire; Beauregard, only !e between 40 aud 50, in the full vigor of < health; Lee, about 54 or 55; Bragg, ac- t tive, vigorous and efficient, with others that i mipht he named did we know their nrecise i< o r I ige9. Id the physique of our officers, audii in the materiel of their command, the Con- ji federate States have a decided advantage 11 aver the enemy. But above all these they! have the higher advantage and the favor of the Almighty, in the fact that their cause is just.?Guardian. |j ? ? A Novel Method of Taking Pick-\l ens?Red Pepper.?A correspondent of r the Mobile Key inter has a novel plan for 1 capturiog Fort Pickens. He says: It is well known that there are some ' chemicals so poisonous that an atmosphere 1 impregnated with them makes it impossi- < ble to remain where they are, as they would j1 destroy life or interfere so much with res-j* piratioD as to make fresh air indispensable. 1 That tb<> whole atmosphere of Fort Pickens ' can be so impregnated in a short time can ' be shown to be no means chimerical; and 1 not only chimerical, but easily effected. j It will not cost so much as to be imprac-l' doable, and it may cost infinitely less than H a regular seige, not only in money, but life, j Everybody almost knows that burning red I pepper, even in small quantities?a tea-i spoonful?will clear the largest room of a crowd in a few minutes; that the least snuff of verutria will make one cough himself almost to death, and run great risk of cough- j ing himself into consumption ; that some gases are so poisonous to life that the smallest quantity will kill?dydrocyanic acid and arseniurretted hydrogen, for instance. By mixing red pepper and vcratria with the powder with which the shells are filled, or by filliog large shells of extraordinay capacity with poisonous gases and throwing j them very rapidly into the fort, every liv-l ing soul would have to leave in double quick time?it would be impossible to breathe there. If the bombardment is ef- j footnrl in a mi I m rp<lllf. Wnil id Lp " ? "r . i certain ; aud often at Fort Pickens there is I not a breath of air stirring from day-light | until 10 o'clock in the morning. ? The Citizen Soldiery.?The senior editor of the Memphis Avalanche has just returned from a short visit to the South.? He says: What we saw and heard during our absence convinced us that there is no power on earth that can subdue the South j eru people. From Memphis to New Or-1 leans, every highway was choked with a compauy of brawny militia. From Mobile j to Corinth, Mississippi, every depot swarm-. cd with stalwart men ready and anxious to j march in defence of the South. Nearly a thousand troops were on the train from Mobile, and we found at every depot a company of robust soldiers, full of robust health, expert in the use of weapons, inured to tmrrlshins and hiirninr* with enthusiasm.! Indeed, the South presents the appearance j of a great camp. The very genius of bat-: tie seems to have descended upon our people. The stupendous uprising of the warlike yeomanry far surpasses public expectation. Every cabin furnishes its ruau, ready to go furth in defence of their menaced liberties. Every man seems to comprehend the mighty issues for which they arc ready to battle Nor was the heart of man alone stirred with patriotic i motions. Thousands of womcu thronged the roadside, and j with their tears and smiles nerved the heart j of the soldier with strength and hope.? From each house-top floated the Confederate Flag, and from almost every window und door waved a white handkerchief.? The sleek, fat negro, seeming to comprehend that he was happier and far better cared for than the poor whites of the North, paused in the unfinished furrow, and raised his dusky cap in cheers for the train of soldiers that was rushing by. Talk about subjugating such a people ! What a pro- j fanation! Tiie Blockade of New Orleans.? The U. States steamer Brooklyn, Captaiu Poore, having notified the authorities at the Balize that a strict blockade of the mouth of the river hud been ordered, and that he was on hand to render the blockade effective, was boarded yesterday under a flag of truce by the Captains of several British and French vessels now on the bar, and Captain Poore was asked if he intended to prevent the departure of the vessels then on the bar belonging to English and French owocrs, and loaded with freight for foreign ports. Poore declared that he should cerfoif.lt? nrnvunf their denarlure. or seize '"'"V t ~~r ' ~ them if tbey attempted to run the blockade. As tbeir ships are all heavily loaded with valuable eargos, including 2000 hogsbeads of tobacco shipped by the French Consul on accouut of the French Government, and several hundred on account of Rothchilds and other foreign houses, such a decision naturally produced considerable excitement in this city. The British and j French Consuls took the matter in hand, and by telegraph caused Captain Poore to understand that they would not permit such nonsense, and that the British and French squadrons would be here in a few days to protect the interests of their Governments. The last news from the Balize was that Poore had backed down, and the ships are all going out.?N. 0. Delta. ... -? ?- .. . More Outrages at Hampton?One of Lincoln's Dogs Shot.?The Norfolk Herald says that when the vandals from the North occupied Hampton an officer1 with a squad of men went to the store of Mr. P. Lattimeraud demanded possession. Mr. Lattimcr replied that he had purchased and paid for his stock of goods and the officer might have them at their valuation.? The officer said he would have the goods and store and uot pay a cent for theui, and drawing his sword slapped Lattimer with it on the face, Lattimer then drew a revolver md fired it, when the officer fell. He then eaned over the counter end fired three Ii nore shots in the body, causing death.? a Liattiuier was, of course, captured, and ta- I ten to Old Point and hung on Friday last, f The officer killed is said to be a lieuten- c int in one of the companies, and distinguished for military abilities. He has met Ii i dog's death in a dog's cause* v Mr. W. 0. Marrow, of Hampton, was a ilso treated in a most shameful and inde- c :ent manner. He was captured in the own, having his uniform on, stripped stark t laked, marched through the streets in that c jondition, and then carried to Fort Mon- i oe as a prisoner. Can such things be done r n this enlightened age and not rouse to t joiling heat the blood of every Southerner? o ? ? g The Martial Spirit is fully aroused, j. Lt has many outward manuestations, and t aone more striking than is exhibited by the boys on our streets?we mean those whose pears are bounded between nine and sixteen. Every boy you meet is an out and out miliary num. Marbles, tops and hoops are imong the things that were. The boy no onger goes to bed to dream of the fun he ifill have to morrow in the game of "ball," ir "knock-up and span." His night visons are made up of juvenile squads in drill! ?of youthful companies, battalions, regiments, armies, all on the move to meet a foe. He awakes to buckle on his harmless sword and collect his school mates in:o line. When you meet the boy on the street, he salutes you a In militdire. He affects the jaunty fatigue cap of "our army," wears a stripe down each side of his pants, and detects a martial sound in every noise that falls upon his ear. If he looks around the well-filled benches of the school room, it is with the eye of a soldier, and he reckons within himself "what a bully of a show they'd make if they were all mustered into one company." All the dimes he gets are carefully saved to buy a sword. Then he sallies forth.? His recruiting office is everywhere, and | loop lines of little boys are to be found dril | linp under him upon every street. He ig- | nores with supreme contempt the confectionary, and passes, with a military hauteur, the toy shop, except such as expose in their 1 windows some frail representative article of warfare. He builds, assaults and captures a half dozen Fort Suuiteis every day, and devises all sorts of schemes to prevent the reinforcement of all sorts of Fort Pickenses. Such are the boys of the present day, and they generally make the right sort of ineu. ?Richmond Dispatch. The War Spirit in New Orleans.? The Delta says: More than eight thousaud soldiers have left this city for the scene of hostilities, and yet uo sensible diminution of our lighting population is observable.? The entire interruption of the usual travel to the North, leaves us a larger population than we usually have at this season of the year. The number of our soldiers who have left does not reach a fourth of the number of travellers and pleasure seekers, who usually go nothward at this season.? A great and beneficial revolution has thus been accomplished. The millions expend-1 ed in the North will be either kept at home j or expeutieu rn tne fioutn, in support 01. our soldiers. The rich and comfortable of our people, the heads of families aud of business houses, now stay at home as the Home Guard, whjlst the young and active go forth to battle for our rights and honor. The "can't get away" boys have thus a chance cf enjoying the northern air aud a little recreation, which has long been denied them. If they all improve as much as those who have been in service at Pensa cola, there will be a great increase of the vigor and health of our young men. Tin; Brooklyn in a Trap.?We clip the following paragraphs from the Charleston papers of Thursday : Episodes of the Blockade.?We heard yesterday some very agreeable ru mors (telegraphic) from New Orleaus. It was that the saucy little steam privateer Calhouu, with a Yankee skipper, has beeD playing some ugly tricks with the United States frigate Brooklyn. The on dit is that the Brooklyn was decoyed into a shallow pass, in which getting in and gettiug out are matters totally distinct; and that when the Brooklyn was pretty well fixed there, the Calhoun stood off and peppered her leisurely. We have not heard the rumor verified as yet, but give it for what it is worth. A gentleman just arrived in this city from New Orleans reports that the blockading steamer Brooklyn, at the mouth of the Mississippi, went nshoTe before he 'eft, and that she careened to such a degree that her guns could not be made to bear on anything. He further reports that the inhabitants were alive in preparatiou for relieving the Brooklyn aud placing her under Con federate attentions. Army Cooking.?The following may be useful at this time: Salt Beef.?Salt beef comes in pieces from eight to twelve pounds in weight.? Before being cooked they should be we'! washed and soaked in cold water for twenty four hours, changing the water three times. For Boiling.?For boiling, it should be placed in a stewpan of cold water, and ( made to boil ouicklv: as soon as the water boils the meat must be taken out, the water , thrown away, and fresh cold water placed ! in the pot, with the meat still warm; boil , it the usual time, according to the deserip- j tion of joint. j Baked or Roasted Ribs of Beef.?Pre- | pare the meat as above; make paste of flour and water, and bake it in a slow oven for twenty minutes for each pound; do not cut < it till cold. Stewed Suit Beef.?Prepare it as above, and cut it into steakes of the usual thick- 1 ness; have some cabbage or other greens i ready boiled; chop them up, and with the i meat placed in a stew pan with a gill of i water to every pound of meat, one teaspoon- i lul of pepper to every four pounds of meat; | .-tew gently for two hours; to vary the fla- i vor, carrots, potatoes, haricot beans, boiled I maccaroni, cut up into pieces about an inch ' long, may be added. Beef prepared in these modes is fit for the tables of a thousand pounds a year. The First Charleston Prize.?We earn, on direct and reliable authority, that valuable prize has been secured by the Mvateer Savannah, which left this port a ew days ago between the bars of the Linoln blockade. This prize was the brig Joseph, of Portland, Me., from Havana, for Philadelphia, rith a cargo of sugar, valued at 830,000, nd was taken into Georgetown, S. C., in aasterly style. S :on after this achievement, the privaeer engaged the attention of a Lincolnite raiser at a distance, and a chase begun.? U our last information, there was good eason to believe that the privateer, having he advantages of approaching night, tboringh acquaintance with the coast and oundings, a light draft and a good pair of leels, was gettiog decidedly the better of he chase. We hope soon to be able to congratulate he gallant Captain and crew, and to relort a sweentening for the market. Charleston Courier. What mcst be done with Alexan)ria.?The New York Tribune goes in or making some money oat of the killing >f the ruffian Ellsworth?rather more thin lis whole regiment would be worth as field lands. Speaking of the contumacious city if Alexandria, it says: "A heavy pecuniary uiulct?two or three lundred thousand dollars?should be im)08ed upon it, and failing thereof, the porion of the city where the crime occurred ibould be levelled with the ground. It is aid in some of the journals that a coroner's nquestover the body of the murderer renlered a verdict that he died at the hands of United States soldiers "while defending his own property in his own house"?a victim of lawless violence, therefore, and not i rebel assassin! If this does not prove complicity with the crime on the part of the citizens, such as would amply justify the sort of retribution here called for, we ire at a loss to know what would. Let the barbarians be taught that are in earnest; that since they have invoked war they shall have war?rigorous and unrelenting." Novel Material for. Percussion Caps.?David Mugce, of Fredericksburg, Va., has succeeded in making a very excellent article of caps out of leather and pa per. lie was 10 Richmond haturday, examining the machinery for making copper caps, so as to model his after the same pattern The scrap leather of which Mr. Magee has thus far made his caps, are pressed into shape while wet, are then allowed to dry, and are then filled, as copper caps are, with the detonating substance. Both the leather and paper caps are as effective as the regular copper caps. A sample was exhibited at this office on Saturday. They do not make so powerful a report as the copper cap, but are ju6t as certain in their effects. The discoverer of this singular war material thiuks he has discovered a way to make both the leather and paper impervious to water.?Richmond Dispatch. Home Manufactories. Under this head the Charleston Courier says: We were much gratified yesterday on visiting the foundry of the Messrs. Eason's, in Columbus street, to observe on hand a large supply of balls, shells, &c., made to order for the State. They have also in successful operation machinery for rifling cannon and muskets. We understand the establishment will be able in a short time to rifle several hundred muskets a day in addition to the work done upon cannon. We had an opportunity on Monday of testing a specimen of writing ink made in this city. We shall have occasion to refer to it more fully after repeated trials, and after the enterprising manufacturer shall have completed engagements to supply it. To the Doctors op Georgia.?1 understand 1,000 Georgia Doctors have applied for surgeons' places in the army. I now propose we form a regiment of doctors and tender our services to the President.? Ail tbose to wnom i navespoxen are eager for it. All who are willing to serve their country in this way will write to me immediately, (giving nameand postoffice, plain,) when I will inform them at what time we will rendezvous at Atlanta to form and tender our services to the President. None but an M. D. need apply, or who is unwilling to perform the duties of a soldier. We are in earnest. Doctors, show your game. A. A. TERHUNE, M. D. Kingston, Cass County, Georgia. War Implements.?It it stated that a pistol factory has been started in Richmond, and that good revolvers will soon be made. An island in the river, six miles above Richmond, has been selected for a powder mill. They are now making fine strong bowie knives and well-tempered swords, offered for sale at ?3 for the first, and 810 for the last. Fredericksburg is also turning out fine specimens of cutlery in the shape bowie-knives, manufactured at Welford's Machine Works, and at the shop of Mr. Ames. A Minute Gun.?An enormous rifled cannon is just being finished at Pittsburg for Fortress Monroe. The length of the s;un is 16 feet, length of bore 14 feet, diameter of bore 12 inches, diameter of the wun at he breech 48 inches, diameter at the muzzle 25 inches. The ball will be 12 inches in diameter, and the weight about 500 pounds. The rough casting of the gun weighs 78,000 pounds; finished, it will weigh 50,000 pounds. The chamber has 21 grooves. Passes Northward.?We are happy to learn that our authorities have concluded to issue no more passes to persons traveling to the North. This is a wise and just determination. It can cause no inconvenience it this time to any but a certain class of persons, or, if it does, this, as well as many ?ther inconveniences of war, will be cheerfully borne for the common good.?Richmond Dispatch. B&* Do good with what thou hast, or it will do thee no good. ^ # '